Laplace Transform

Chairul Hudaya, ST, M.Eng., Ph.D.

Electric Power & Energy Studies (EPES)
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Indonesia
http://www.ee.ui.ac.id/epes

Depok, Nov, 20182016

October, Laplace Transform Electric Circuit
Electric Circuit
 Introduction
 Laplace transform is another method to
transform a signal from time domain to
frequency domain (s-domain)
 The basic idea of Laplace transform comes from
the Fourier transform
 As we have seen in the previous chapter, not
many functions have their Fourier transform
such as t, t2, et etc.

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

  The Fourier transform formula:

F (w )  F { f (t )}   f (t )e  jwt
dt

 The Laplace transform formula is the modification of the
above formula, that is, the term jw is replaced by s
 s is equal to s + jw, where s is a large positive real
number
 The Laplace transform formula:

F ( s)  L{ f (t )}   f (t )e dt  st
0
 However, the Laplace transform only support the
function f(t) which domain t ≥ 0

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 Example 1

Using definition, find the Laplace transform of

(a) f (t )  u (t )

(b) g (t )  e u (t )
5t

(c) i(t )  t u (t )

(d) v(t )  cos t u (t )

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 Solution
 

 
(a) F ( s)  u (t )e  st dt  e  st dt
0 0

e   st
e   1 0  1 1
    
 s 0 s s s
 

 
5t  st  ( s 5 ) t
(b) G ( s )  e e dt  e dt
0 0

 e 
 ( s 5 ) t
e  ( s 5 )   1 0 1 1
    
  ( s  5)  0  ( s  5)  ( s  5) s  5
Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit
    st 
 te   st
e
(c) I ( s)   te dt  
 st
  dt
0  s 0 0 s

e  st
e   1 1
 (0  0)   2    2
 2
 s 0 s s

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 (d) V ( s)   e cos tdt  e sin t 0   sin t ( se  st )dt
  
 st  st
0 0

 (0  0)  s  e  st
sin tdt
0

  st

 
 s e ( cos t ) 0  s  ( cos t )(  se  st )dt
0

 s (0  1)  s  e  st cos tdt
2
0

 s  s V (s)
2

s
V ( s)  2
s 1

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 Properties of L-transform
 Linearity
L{af(t) ± bg(t)} = aL{f(t)} ± bL{g(t)}
 First shift theorem
L{e−atf(t)} = F(s + a)
 Second shift thorem
L{f(t − d) u(t − d)} = e−dsF(s)

 Time scaling
1 s
L f (at )  F  
a a
Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit
 Properties of L-transform (cont.)

 Time derivatives
L f (t )  sF ( s )  f (0)
L f (t )  s F (s)  sf (0)  f (0)
2


L f ( n)

(t )  s F (s)  s
n n 1
f (0)    f ( n 1)
(0)
 Time integral
 t
 1
L  f ( )d   F ( s )
0  s
Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit
 Example 2

Determine the Laplace transform of

4t
(a) t  3e
3
 sin 2t

4
 3t t
(b) (1  e ) cos t 
4

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 Solution
(a) Lt 3  3e 4t  sin 2t  Lt 3  3Le4t  Lsin 2t
6 3 2
 4  2
s s4 s 4

(b)
 
  
4
L cos t  e cos t    Lcos t L e cos t  L t 4
 3t t 3t 1
 4 4
s s3 6
 2   5
s  1 ( s  3)  1 s
2

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 Example 3

Determine the Laplace transform of

5t 3
(a) e t

(b) (t  2) 2 u (t  2)

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 Solution

(a) Let f (t )  t 3 then F ( s)  6 .

4
s
  
Therefore L e 5t t 3  L e 5t f (t ) 
 F ( s  5)  6
.
( s  5) 4

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit

 (b) Let f (t )  t 2 then F ( s)  2 .
s3
Also f (t  2)  (t  2)
2

Therefore

 
L (t  2) 2 u(t  2)  L f (t  2)u (t  2)
2 s
e F (s)
2 s
2e
 3 .
s

Depok, Nov, 2018 Laplace Transform Electric Circuit