Exercise 2

Exercise to be handed in before 12 noon on Monday (week 3) as instructed

by your class teacher. Work to be handed back and discussed in the class in
week 3.

Concepts reviewed in Exercise 2

• Perform some standard mathematical calculations.
• Review simple random sample.
• Population and sample statistics for mean and total.
• Construct the sampling distribution.
• Study the mean and variance of the sampling distribution for the estimated
total and verify some theoretical results

Pn Pn
1. Show that i=1 (yi − ȳs )2 = i=1 yi2 − nȳs2 .
2. To illustrate the above listed concepts, we will look at an artificial
situation in which we know the values of yi for each of the N = 6 units
in the whole population. Six pre-school children are in the playground
one Monday morning, Usha, Vishal, William, Xanthe, Yuri and Zoe.
Their ages are 0, 4, 1, 1, 3 and 4 years respectively.
(a) Define the values of yi for i = 1, . . . N .
(b) For this small population calculate N, t, ȳU and S 2 . Explain what
all those quantities are for this particular example.
(c) Most results in sampling rely on the sampling distribution of a
statistic. To remind you that the sampling distribution is defined
by the different values the statistic takes by the process of taking
all possible samples of size n from the population of size N . List
all possible samples of size two and for each sample write down n,
ȳs , t̂(= N ȳs ) and the probability of selection.
(d) By finding the means and variances of the relevant quantities over
all possible samples, confirm that if simple random sampling is
2
used E(t̂) = t and V ar(t̂) = N 2 Sn (1 − f ) where f = n/N .