Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Lesson 1 and 2: Sampling Distribution of Sample Means and Finding the Mean and Variance of the Sampling
Distribution of Means
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Illustrate random sampling

Distinguish between parameter and statistic
Construct sampling distribution of sample means
Find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean amd;
State and explain the Central Limit Theorem.

Definition

A statistic and a parameter are very similar. They are both descriptions of groups, like “50% of dog owners prefer Brand X
dog food”. The difference between a statistic and parameter is that statistics describe a sample while a parameter
describes an entire population.

Step 1: Ask yourself, is this a fact about the whole population? Sometimes that’s easy to figure out. For example, with
small populations, you usually have a parameter because the groups are small enough to measure:
Examples of parameters:
 10% of US senators voted for a particular measure. There are only 100 US Senators, you can count what every
single one of them voted.
 40% of 1,211 students at a particular elementary school got below a 3 on a standardized test. You know this
because you have each and every students’ test score.
 33% of 120 workers at a particular bike factory were paid less than $20,000 per year. You have the payroll data
for all of the workers.
Step 2: Ask yourself, is this obviously a fact about a very large population? If it is, you have a statistic.
Examples of statistics:
 60% of US residents agree with the latest health care proposal. It’s not possible to actually ask hundreds of
millions of people whether they agree. Researchers have to just take samples and calculate the rest.
 45% of Jacksonville, Florida residents report that they have been to at least one Jaguars game. It’s very doubtful
that anyone polled in excess of a million people for this data. They took a sample, so they have a statistic.
 30% of dog owners poop scoop after their dog. It’s impossible to survey all dog owners—no one keeps an
accurate track of exactly how many people own dogs. This data had to be from a sample, so it’s a statistic.

Steps in Constructing the Sampling Distribution Means

1. Determine the number of possible samples that can be drawn from the population using the formula:
N!
N Cn = ( N −n ) !

Where: N = size of the population

n = size of the sample
2. List all the possible samples and compute the mean of each sample.
3. Construct the sample distribution of sample means.

Formula

Population Mean ( μ)

μ=
∑X where X are the samples and N are the number of samples
N

Population Variance (σ 2)
∑ ( X−μ)2
N

Mean of the Sampling Distribution ( μ x ¿

Example 1

Consider a population of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Suppose samples of size 2 are drawn from this population. Describe
the sampling distribution of the sample means.
 What is the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means?
 Compare these values to the mean and variance of the population
 Draw the histogram of the sampling distribution of the population mean.
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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

y=e¿ ¿
σ √2π
Where:

y = height of the curve particular values of X

x = any score in the distribution
σ = standard deviation of the population
μ = 3.1416
E = 2.7183

“A standard normal curve is a normal probability distribution that has a mean μ=0 and a standard deviation σ =1”

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

1 standard deviation 2 standard deviations 3 standard deviations

The Table of Areas under the Normal Curve is also known as the z-Table. The z-score is a measure of
relative standing. It is calculated by subtracting X́ (or μ ¿ from the measurement X and then dividing the result by s (or σ ¿
. The final result, the z score, represents the distance between a given measurement X and the mean, expressed in
standard deviations. Either the z score locates X within a sample or within a population.

Four-Step Process in Finding the Areas Under the Normal Curve Given a z-Value

Step 1. Express the given z-value into a three digit form.

Step 2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits on the left column.
Step 3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
Step 4. Read the area (or probability) at the intersection of the row and the column. This is the required area.

Examples:

1. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.

Finding the area that corresponds to is the same as finding the area between z = 0 and z = 1.

Steps Solution
1. Express the given into a three-digit form. Z = 1.00
2. In the table, find the Row z = 1.00
3. In the table, find the Column with the heading .00
4. Read the area(or probability) at the intersection of This area is 0.3413. This is the required area.
Column 1.0 and the Row .00

2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.36.

Steps Solution
1. Express the given z into a three-digit form. Z = 1.36 (as is)
2. In the table, find the row z = 1.3
3. In the table, find the column with the heading .06
4. Read the area(or probability) at the intersection of the This area is 0.4131. This is the required area.
Column 1.3 and the Row .06

Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Lesson 2: Understanding the Z-Scores

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Related a random variable distribution to a normal variable distribution;

Understand the concept of the z-score;
Convert a random variable to a standard normal variable and vice-versa;
Solve problems involving random and normal variables.

The z-score

The areas under the normal curve are given in terms of z-values or scores. Either the z-score locates X within a
sample or within a population.

The formula for calculating z is:

x−μ
z= σ (z-score for population data)

X− X́
z= s
(z-score for sample data)

where: X= given measurement

μ= population mean

σ =¿ population standard deviation

X́ = sample mean

s= sample standard deviation

Example 1

Reading Scores

Given the mean μ= 50 and the standard deviation, σ = 4 of a population of Reading scores. Find the z-value that
corresponds to a score X= 58.

Steps Solution
1. Use the computing formula for finding the z-scores of x−μ
population data. z=
σ
2. Check the given values. Since these are population μ= 50, σ = 4, and X= 58.
values, the z-score locates X within a population.
3. Substitute the given values in the computing formula. 58−50
Z=
4
4. Compute the z-value. 8
Z= =2
4

Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the raw score 58 is

2 in a population distribution.

38 42 46 50 54 58 62 4
Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Example 2

Score in PE
Locate the z value that corresponds to a PE score of 39 given that μ=45 and σ =6.

Steps Solution
1. Use the computing formula for finding the z-scores of x−μ
population data. z=
σ
2. Check the given values. Since these are population μ= 45, σ = 6, and X= 39.
values, the z-score locates X within a population.
3. Substitute the given values in the computing formula. 39−45
Z=
6
4. Compute the z-value. −6
Z= = -1
6

Thus, the z-value that corresponds to the raw score 39 is

-1 in a population distribution.

Example 3

Scores in a Science Test

Given X= 20, X́ = 26 and s=4. Compute the corresponding z-score.

Steps Solution
1. Use the computing formula for finding the z-scores of x− X́
population data. z=
s
2. Check the given values. The z-score in question locates X́ = 26, s= 4, and X= 20.
X in a sample.
3. Substitute the given values in the computing formula. 20−26
Z=
4
4. Compute the z-value. −6 3
Z= = - = - 1.5.
4 2

The corresponding z-score is -1.5 to the left mean.

Exercises

A. Solve for the z-values and state whether each raw score lies below or above the mean.

1. X = 50, s = 5 , X́ = 40
2. X = 40, σ =8 , μ = 52
3. X = 36, s = 6, X́ = 28
4. X = 74, s = 10, X́ = 60
5. X = 82, σ = 15, μ = 75

B. Given X́ = 62 and s = 8. Find the z-score value that corresponds to each of the following scores up to two decimal
places. Draw the normal curve.
1. X = 70
2. X = 78
3. X = 82
4. X = 50
5. X = 42

C. Suppose you have the population values 50 and 80 and that their corresponding z-scores are -1 and 2, respectively. Is
it possible to determine the population’s mean and standard deviation? If so, what are these values? If not, explain why it
is impossible.

D. There are three grades in a report card that you want to interpret in terms of performance:

Mathematics – 75
English – 85
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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Science – 90

The means are 72, 83, and 88, respectively. The standard deviations are 3, 10, and 15, respectively. Is the information
sufficient for you to compare the grades? If so, discuss your processes. If not, explain why it is impossible.

Lesson 3 and 4: Identifying Regions of Areas Under the Normal Curve and Determining Probabilities
Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Identify the regions of the areas under the normal curve;

Express the areas under the normal curve as probabilities or percentages; and
Determine the areas under the normal curve given z-values
Find area between paired z-scores
Find probabilities for the standard normal random variable z; and
Express area under the normal curve using probability notation.

Probability Notations Under the Normal Curve

The following notations for a random variable are used in our various solutions concerning the normal curve.
Mathematical notations are convenient forms of lengthy expressions.

P(a < z < b) denotes the probability that the z-score is between a and b.
P(z > a) denotes the probability that the z-score is greater than a.
P(z < a) denotes the probability that the z-score is less than a.
Where a and b are z-score values.

For example, to denote the area between z = 1 and z =2, we use the notation: P(1 < z < 2) = 0.1359.

Modified Steps in Determining Areas Under the Normal Curve

1. Use a cardboard model to draw a normal curve.

2. Locate the given z-value or values at the base line.
3. Draw a vertical line through these values.
4. Shade the required region. Find models, if any.
5. Consult the z-Table to find the areas that correspond to the given z-value or values.
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form an equation showing an appropriate operation to get
the required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.

Probability Notations Under the Normal Curve

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

CASE 1.a Tails – right of a positive z

Example. Find the area greater than z = 1 or P(z > 1)

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds
to z = 1.
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the
required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
z =1 corresponds to an area of 0.3413 or 34.13%
The graph suggests subtraction.
The required area is equal to 50%-34.13%=15.87%.
That is,
P(z>1) =15.87%.
The proportion of the area greater than z=1 is 15.87%.

CASE 1.b Tails – left of a negative z.

Example. Find the area to the left of z = -1.5 or P(z<-1.5)

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds
to z = -1.5.
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the
required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
z =1 corresponds to an area of 0.4332 or 43.32%
The graph suggests subtraction.
The required area is equal to 50%-43.32%=6.68%.
That is,
P(z<-1.5) =6.68%.
The proportion of the area to the left of z=-1.5 is 6.68%.

CASE 2.a Between two values with the same sign (positive)
Example. Find the area between z = 0.98 and z = 2.58.

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds Z = 0.98 corresponds to 33.65%
to z = 0.98 and z = 2.58 Z = 2.58 corresponds to 49.51%
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form The graph suggests subtraction.
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the The required area is equal to 49.51% - 33.65% = 15.86%
required area. That is,
P(0.98 < z < 2.58) = 15.86%
7. Make a statement indicating the required area. The required area between z=0.98 and z=2.58 is 15.86%.

CASE 2.b. Between two values with the same sign (negative)
Example. Find the area between z = -2 and z = -1.5.

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds
to z = -2 and z = -1.5
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the
required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
Z = -2 corresponds to 47.72%
Z = -1.5 corresponds to 43.32%
The graph suggests subtraction.
The required area is equal to 47.72% - 43.32% = 4.40%
That is,
P(-2 < z < -1.5) = 4.40%
The required area between z=-2 and z=-1.5 is 4.40%.

CASE 3. Between z-values of different signs.

Example: Find the area between z = -1.32 and z = 2.37

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds
to z = -1.32 and z = 2.37
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the
required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
Z = -1.32 corresponds to 33.65%
Z = 2.37 corresponds to 49.51%
The graph suggests addition.
The required area is equal to 49.11% + 40.66% = 89.77%
That is,
P(-1.32 < z < 2.37) = 89.77%
The required area between z=-1.32 and z=2.37 is 89.77%.

CASE 4a. Cumulative right of a negative z.

Example. Find the area above z = -1.

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds
to z = -1.
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the
required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
z = -1 corresponds to an area of 0.3413 or 34.13%
The graph suggests addition.
The required area is equal to 50%+34.13%=84.13%.
That is,
P(z>-1) =84.13%.
The proportion of the area above is 84.13%.

CASE 4b. Cumulative left of a positive z.

Example. Find the area below z = 1.5.

Steps Solution
1. Draw a normal curve.
2. Locate the z-value.
3. Draw a line through the z-value.
4. Shade the required region.

5. Consult the z-Table and find the area that corresponds
to z = 1.5.
6. Examine the graph and use probability notation to form
an equation showing the appropriate operation to get the
required area.
7. Make a statement indicating the required area.
z =1.5 corresponds to an area of 0.4332 or 43.32%
The graph suggests addition
The required area is equal to 50%-43.32%=93.32%.
That is,
P(z<1.5) =93.32%.
The proportion of the area greater than 93.32%.

Lesson 5 : Locating Percentiles Under the Normal Curve

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Find z-scores when probabilities are given; and

Locate percentiles under the normal curve

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

PERCENITLE – is a measure of relative standing. It is a descriptive measure of the relationship of a measurement to the
rest of the data.

For example in a test in Algebra, you got a score of 82 and you want to know how you fared in comparison with
your classmates. If your teacher tells you that you scored at the 90 th percentile, it means that 90% of the grades were
lower than yours and 10% were higher. If the relative frequency histogram were used to show the scores, the 90 th
percentile will be located at a point such that 90% of the total area under the relative frequency histogram lies below the
90th percentile and 10%lies above.

Example 1

Find the 95th percentile of a normal curve.

Analysis. By definition of P95 , this means locating an area before (or below) the point. We want to know what the
z-value at this point.

Steps Solution
1. Draw the appropriate normal curve.

2. Express the given percentage as probability. 95% is the same as 0.9500

3. Split 0.9500 into 0.5000 and 0.4500 0.9500 = 0.5000 + 0.4500
4. Shade 0.5000 of the sketch of the normal curve in
Step1.
5. Refer to the Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve. This area is not found in the table. It is between the values
Locate the area 0.4500 in the body of the table. of 0.4495 and 0.4505
6. Find the z-score that corresponds 0.4500 on the Find z by interpolation, as follows
leftmost column
7. Find the z-value that corresponds to 0.4505 0.4505 <-> z = 1.65
8. Find the z-value that corresponds to 0.4495 0.4495 <-> z = 1.64
9. Find the average of the two z-values 1.65+1.64
z= = 1.645
2
10. Locate z = 1.645 under the curve in Step 1 and make The 95th percentile is z = 1.645.
a statement.
11. Draw a line through under the curve is Step 1 Do this under the sketch of the curve in Step 1
12. Shade the region to the left of z = 1.645 Do this under the sketch of the curve in Step 1
13. Describe the shaded region The shaded region is 95% of the distribution.

Example 2

Find the upper 10% of the normal curve

Steps Solution
1. Draw the appropriate normal curve.

2. Express the given percentage as probability. 10% is the same as 0.1000

3. With respect to the mean, locate the upper 10%.
4. Using the upper side of the mean, find the remaining
area.
5. Refer to the Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve.
Locate 0.4000.
6. Find the z-score that corresponds to 0.3997 on the
leftmost column.
7. Locate z = 1.28 under the sketch of the curve in Step 1
and make a statement.
8. Draw a line through under the sketch of the curve in
Step1
9. Shade the region to the right of z = 1.28
10. Describe the shaded region.
To the right of the mean.
0.5000 – 0100 = 0.4000
This area is not found in the body of the table, so we take
0.3997, which is the closest value.
z = 1.28
That is, the upper 10% is above z = 1.28
Do this under the sketch of the curve in Step 1
Do this under the sketch of the curve in Step 1
The shaded region is the upper 10% of the normal curve.

Example 3

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics are normally distributed with m = 80 and s = 15. What is
the percentile rank of a score of 84?
Analysis. Since we are interested in the percentile rank of 84, this means finding the percentage of scores below
84. To find the required area from the Table of Areas, we transform 84 to z-score form and then perform the appropriate
mathematical operation.

Steps Solution
1. Convert the raw score of 84 to z-score form. X−μ 84−80
z= = = 0.27
σ 15
2. Find the area that corresponds to z = 0.27 z = 0.27 corresponds to the area 0.1064
3. Draw the normal curve showing the z-score.

4. Draw a line through z = 0.27 in the sketch of the normal
curve in Step 3.
5. Shade the required region in the sketch of the normal
curve in Step 3.
6. Examine the shaded regions and decide what operation
to apply.
7. Compute the percentile rank of the score 84.
8. Make a concluding statement.
Do this under the sketch of the curve in Step 3.
Do this under the sketch of the curve in Step 3.
The required region is below z = 0.27 expressed as
percentile rank.
First, get the total area below z = 0.27.
That is, 0.5000 + 0.1064 = 0.6064
Percentile rank of 84 is 60.64%
The percentile rank of the score 84 in a test is 60.64.

Lesson 6: Applying the Normal Curve Concepts in Problem Solving

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

Apply the normal curve in solving word problems; and

Develop habits of reasoning using the normal curve concepts.

Example 1

The results of a nationwide aptitude test in mathematics are normally distributed with m = 80 and s = 15. Find the
raw score such that 70% of the cases are below it.
Analysis Questions:
1. What are the given?
2. What are you going to find?
3. What is suggested by the given to help you solve the problem?
4. Will the application of the normal curve concepts be useful?

Steps Solution
1. Sketch the diagram of a normal curve.

2. Selecting 30%, express this as area. This is the area to 30% is the same as 0.3000
the right of the z-value we want to locate.
3. Find the area between z = 0 and 0.2000. 0.5000-0.3000 = 0.2000
4. Find the area 0.2000 or the value nearest to it in the The nearest area is 0.1985
table of areas under the normal curve.
5. Find the z-value that corresponds to 0.1985 Z = 0.52 <-> the area 0.1985
6. Find a computing formula for determining raw scores. X−μ
z=
σ
7. Modify the formula to solve for X. X = μ+ zσ
8. Substitute the given values in the modified formula to X = μ+ zσ
solve for X. X = 80 + (0.52)(15)
X = 87.8 ≈ 88
9. Make a concluding statement. In the distribution, 70% of the scores are below the score
88.

Example 2

In the same problem, what is the score that divides the distribution such that 99% of the cases is below it?

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Steps Solution
1. Sketch the diagram of a normal curve.

2. Selecting 1%, express this as area. This is the area to 1% is the same as 0.0100
the right of the z-value we want to locate.
3. Find the area between z = 0 and 0.4900. 0.5000-0.4900 = 0.0100
4. Find the area 0.4900 or the value nearest to it in the The nearest area is 0.4901
table of areas under the normal curve.
5. Find the z-value that corresponds to 0.4901 Z = 2.33 <-> the area 0.4901
6. Find a computing formula for determining raw scores. X−μ
z=
σ
7. Modify the formula to solve for X. X = μ+ zσ
8. Substitute the given values in the modified formula to X = μ+ zσ
solve for X. X = 80 + (2.33)(15)
X = 114.95 ≈ 115
9. Make a concluding statement. In the distribution, 99% of the scores are below the score
115.

Example 3

What are the scores that bound the middle 95% of the distribution?
Analysis Questions.
1. What percent is left at the tails of the distribution?
2. What areas do you need to solve this problem?
3. What normal curve model applies here?

There is an area of 2.5% or 0.0250 above and below the middle 95% of the distribution. To determine the scores
which bound the middle 95%, we must first find the z-score values associated with them. Then compute the raw scores.

Steps Solution
1. Sketch the diagram of a normal curve.

2. Five percent (5%) is left at the two tails of the 5% is the same as 0.05
distribution. Express it as area. This is the area to the right
of the z-value that we want to locate.
3. We are interested in the two areas at the tails of the 0.05 ÷ 2 = 0.0250
distribution, SO, we divide 0.05 by 2.
4. Find the area between 0.4750. 0.5000 – 0.0250 = 0.4750
5. Find the area 0.4750 or the value nearest to it in the The area 0.4750 is found in the Table.
table of Areas Under the normal curve.
6. Find the z-value that corresponds to 0.4750 z = 1.96 <-> the area 0.4750
7. Use the z-values at both sides of the distribution. The other values z = -1.96
8. Find a computing formula for determining the raw X−μ
scores. z=
σ
9. Modify the formula to solve for X. X = μ+ zσ and X = μ – zσ
10. Substitute the given values in the modified formula to For X = μ + zσ
solve for X X = _______
X = _______

For X = μ – zσ
X = _______
X = _______
11. Make a concluding statement. In the distribution, the scores that bound the middle 95%
are ____ and _____.

Example 4

The weights of 1000 children average 50kg and the standard deviation is 5kg. How many children weight between
40kg and 55kg?

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Steps Solution
1. Draw the normal curve with six z-scores.

2. Use the formula μ ∓ zσ to determine the six raw scores For the raw score that corresponds to z = 1
that correspond to the six z-scores. X = 50 + (1)(5) = 55
For the raw score that corresponds to z =2.

For the raw score that corresponds to z = 3.

For the raw score that corresponds to z = -1,

For the raw score that corresponds to z = -2,

X = 50 – (2)(5) = 40
For the raw score that corresponds to z = -3

3. Place the raw scores under the corresponding raw Show this in the sketch in Step 1.
scores.
4. What z –score corresponds to 40?
5. What z-score correspond to 55?
6. Find the total area between the z-values that
correspond to 40 and 50.
7. Multiply the total area by 1000 (the total number of
children). Round up to the nearest whole number.
8. Make a concluding statement.

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

Name: _______________________________________________ Gr. and Sec.: __________________ Score

Parent’s Sign: _______________

PERFORMANCE TASK No. 4

Date Performed: _______________________
Date Submitted: _______________________
Date Due: _______________________

A. Use the z-table to find the area that corresponds to each of the following. Draw the normal curve.

1. z = 0.56 Area: ______________ Normal Curve:

2. z = 1.32 Area: ______________ Normal Curve:

3. z = -1.05 Area: ______________ Normal Curve:

4. z = -2.18 Area: ______________ Normal Curve:

5. z = -2.58 Area: ______________ Normal Curve:

B. Determine each of the following areas and show these graphically. Use probability notation in your final answer.

1. above z = 1.46

2. below z = -0.58

3. between z =0.78 and z = -1.95

4. between z = 0.76 and z = 2.88

5. between z = -0.92 and z = 1.75

6. to the right of z = 1.32

7. to the left of z = 2.78

8. at most z = -1.5

9. at least z = 1

10. at least z = -2

C. Complete your procedures.

1. P99

2. 90th percentile
3. 68th percentile

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

4. P40

5. 32nd percentile

Name: _______________________________________________ Gr. and Sec.: __________________ Score

Parent’s Sign: _______________

PERFORMANCE TASK No. 5

Date Performed: _______________________
Date Submitted: _______________________
Date Due: _______________________

Solve these problems

1. Given μ = 30, σ = 4.65. What is the raw score when:

a. z = 1.25

b. z = -1.67

c. z = 2.3

d. z = -0.30

e. z = 1.96

Solution:

2. In number 1, find the raw score such that 60% is below it.

3. In a job fair 3000 applicants applied for a job. Their mean age was found to be 28 with a standard deviation of 4years.

a. Draw a normal curve distribution showing the z-scores and the raw scores.

b. How many applicants are below 20 years old?

c. How many applicants are above 32 years old?

d. How many have ages between 24 and 32 years?

e. Find the age such that 75% is below it.

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Statistics and Probability – Chapter 3: Sampling and Sampling Distribution

4. Five hundred children participated in a field demonstration. Their heights averaged 110cm with a standard deviation of
6cm.

a. What is the probability that a child, picked at random, has a height greater than 116cm?

b. What is the probability that the height of a child, picked at random, is less than 104cm?

c. How many children belong to the upper 15% of the group?

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