12

Practical Research II
Quarter 1
Module 2: The importance of
Quantitative Research across
Fields and the nature of variables
I. INTRODUCTION

Hello there, Grade 12 students! Now that you had learned about the characteristics,
strengths, weaknesses and the different kinds of quantitative research let us explore farther
and widen your knowledge about Quantitative Research.
Hence, in this second Module: The importance of Quantitative Research across Fields
and the nature of variables, you are expected to attain the following:
1. Determine the importance of quantitative research across fields ,
2. Differentiates the different kinds of variables and their uses ; and
3. Identify the dependent and independent variable in a given study.

II. PRE-TEST. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. In what particular field does quantitative research be able to measures clinical and
methodological standards in medicinal prescription and composition and laboratory
experimentations?
a. Medicine b. Psychology c. Science d. Business
2. What type of variable is also called as a facilitating variable, mediating or intervening variable?
a. Dependent Variable c. Extraneous Variable
b. Independent Variable d. Continuous Variable
3. In the hypothesis: Eating carrots improves vision, what is the independent variable?
a. Eating carrots b. improves vision c. Eating d. Carrots
4. Which field focuses in a careful, detailed and systematic study of a specific problem, concern, or
issue to establish facts?
a. Political Science b. Social Science c. Linguistic d. Research
5. In what particular field does a quantitative research be able to estimates consumer attitudes
and behavior, market sizing, 6and marketing tactics?
a. Political Science b. Psychology c. Linguistic d. Business
6. Which field of specialization does quantitative research be able to discover patterns,
associations, correlations, and other features of a population?
a. Medicine b. Education c. Demographics d. Psychology
7. Independent variable is the stimulus or cause variable chosen by the researcher to determine
the relationship of an observed phenomenon. On the given study entitled “Effectiveness of
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Teaching Mathematics as Perceived by K to 12 Students
of Public and Private Schools in the Municipality of Rosales”, Identify the independent variable.
a. Effectiveness of Strategic Intervention Material (SIM)
b. grade in Mathematics
c. Students of Public and Private Schools
d. Municipality of Rosales
8. On the foregoing title “Survival Rate of Culturing Koi in Aquarium Using Fish Meal and Bread
Meal as Supplemental Feeds, which among the choices is consider as the intervening variable?
a. Koi b. Water c. Oxygen d. b and c
9. Given the study about the effect of temperature on plant pigmentation, identify the
independent and dependent variables.
a. temperature, plant pigmentation c. plant growth, heat
b. plant pigmentation, temperature d. heat, plant growth
10.” Yield of African Catfish Cultured at the Backyard Fishpond using Shrimp Meal and Bread Meal
as Supplemental Feeds” is an example of laboratory research. Using the foregoing study
dependent variables have been included with the exception of:
a. Catfish b. Rate c. Survival d. Weight

III.A. DISCUSSION OF CONCEPTS

IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS
1. Business- estimates consumer attitudes and behavior, market sizing, and marketing tactics
2. Political science- measures political behavior and attitudes of citizens and politicians
3. Psychology- measures human attributes/behavior and analyzes psychological processes
4. Medicine- measures clinical and methodologic standards in medicinal prescription and
composition and laboratory experimentations
5. Economics- evaluates economic behavior and designs economic policies and techniques
6. Demographics- discover patterns, associations, correlations, and other features of a
population
7. Education- discover solutions to issues in educational research, assessment, and program
evaluation and curriculum implementation
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH VARIABLES
VARIABLES refer to factors or conditions that can change during the course of an experiment. It is
any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls and /or manipulates.
Classification of Variables
1. Numeric Variables. These are variables with values that describe a measurable numerical
quantity and answers questions “how many” or “how much”. These values are considered
quantitative data.
a. Discrete – are variables that can only take on a certain number of values. In short, these
are variables that are countable where the range of specified values is complete.
Examples are:
a. Classroom attendance c. Number of cars in a parking lot
b. Grade level of students d. Baby’s age in months
b. Continuous - a variable that has an infinite number of possible values. In short, these are
variables that are obtained by measuring, it is also called as Interval variables
Examples are:
a. Person’s weight/age/height c. Travel time from Rosales to Urdaneta
b. Price of commodities d. Family income
2. Categorical Variables. These are variables with values that describe a quality or characteristic of
a data unit like “what type” or “which category”.
a. Nominal Variables. These are variables whose values cannot be organized in a logical
sequence. Some examples are business types, eye colors, kind of religion, various
languages and types of learners.
b. Ordinal Variables. These variables can take a value which can be logically ordered or
ranked. Some examples are academic grades such as A, B, C; clothing size such as XS, S,
M, L, XL; and measures of attitudes like strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly
disagree.
c. Dichotomous variables are variables that represents only two categories or levels. Some
example is gender (male and female), answer (yes or no), and veracity (true or false).
d. Polychotomous variables are variables that have many categories. Examples are
Educational attainment (Elementary, Secondary, College, Graduate, and Postgraduate),
Level of performance (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Satisfactory, or Poor).
3. Experimental Variables
a. Independent variable is a variable in research that causes a change esp. on other
variables. It can be controlled or manipulated to monitor such changes.
b. Dependent variables result from the independent variables. It the variable being tested
and monitored. It is the variables that are usually affected by the manipulation of the
independent variables.
Examples:
A. The effect of temperature on plant pigmentation
Independent variable = temperature
Dependent variables = plant pigmentation or color
B. Effects of fertilizer on plant growth
Independent variable = brand/amount of fertilizer
Dependent variables = height/weight/no. of leaves of plants
C. Brightness of light has any effect on a moth being attracted to the light
Independent variable = brightness of light
Dependent variables = reaction of moth
D. Time spent studying and its effects the test scores of students
Independent variable = time spent studying
Dependent variables = test scores
E. relationship between disposable income and location amongst young adults
Independent variable = location
Dependent variables = disposable income
F. Salary and job satisfaction among the residents of Don Antonio Village
Independent variable =salary
Dependent variables =job satisfaction
c. Extraneous Variables. These variables are also called mediating or intervening
variables. These variables are already existing during the conduct of an experiment and
could influence the result of the study.
 Examples:
Title of Research: Use of Gardening Tools and Type of fertilizer: Their Effects on the
Amount of Harvest
Independent variable =Use of Gardening Tools, Type of fertilizer
Dependent variables = Amount of harvest
Extraneous variables = Humidity level; Types of seeds/plant

III.B. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Identify the kind of variable that is being describe in the statements below.
These variables are already existing during the conduct of an experiment and
could influence the result of the study.
It is the variables that are usually affected by the manipulation of the
independent variables.
These are variables that have many categories.
It is a type of variable that can be controlled or manipulated to monitor such
changes.
These variables can take a value which can be logically ordered or ranked.
These are variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity
and answers questions “how many” or “how much”.
These are variables that represents only two categories or levels.
These are variables whose values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.
It is a variable that has an infinite number of possible values.
These are variables with values that describe a quality or characteristic of a data unit like
“what type” or “which category”.

Activity 2. Give at least 5 Research Study, then encircle the dependent and underline
the independent variables in each of the given study

Activity 3. Write the importance of Quantitative Research in each of the following field.
1. Psychology
2. Medicine
3. Economics
4. Demographics
5. Education
IV. POST-TEST. Choose the letter that corresponds to the best answer.
1. Which is NOT an example of a discrete variable?
a. Classroom attendance c. Number of cars in a parking lot
b. Grade level of students d. Person’s weight/age/height
2. In the study about The Salary and job satisfaction among the residents of Don Antonio Village.
What it is independent variable?
a. salary b. job satisfaction c. the residents d. the barangay
3. In what particular field does quantitative research be able to evaluates economic behavior and
designs economic policies and techniques?
a. Economics b. Linguistic c. Political Science d. Social Science
4. What variables is also called as Interval variables?
a. Dependent Variable c. Extraneous Variable
b. Independent Variable d. Continuous Variable
5. In what particular field does quantitative research be able to discover solutions to issues in
educational research, assessment, and program evaluation and curriculum implementation?
a. Medicine b. Education c. Demographics d. Psychology
6. Which is NOT a type of categorical variables?
a. Dichotomous Variable c. Nominal Variable
b. Extraneous Variable d. Ordinal Variable
7. How can Quantitative Research help in the field of Business?
a. It measures human attributes/behavior and analyzes psychological processes.
b. It estimates consumer attitudes and behavior, market sizing, and marketing tactics
c. It evaluates economic behavior and designs economic policies and techniques
d. It discover patterns, associations, correlations, and other features of a population
8. On the foregoing title “Survival Rate of Culturing Koi in Aquarium Using Fish Meal and Bread
Meal as Supplemental Feeds, which among the choices is consider as the dependent variable?
a. Survival Rate of Koi b. Water c. Oxygen d. b and c
9.” Yield of African Catfish Cultured at the Backyard Fishpond using Shrimp Meal and Bread Meal
as Supplemental Feeds” is an example of laboratory research. Using the foregoing study
identify the independent variables.
a. Yield of African Catfish
b. use of Shrimp Meal as Supplemental Feeds
c. use of Bread Meal as Supplemental Feeds
d. B and C
10. Given the Title of Research, “The Use of Gardening Tools and Type of fertilizer: Their Effects on
the Amount of Harvest”, What is the intervening variable?
a. the amount of harvest c. the humidity level
b. the type of fertilizer d. the use of Gardening Tools

V. ANSWER KEY:
 Item No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I. PRE-TEST A C A D D C A D A A
IV. POST-TEST D A A D B B B A D C

III. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Activity 1.
1. Extraneous Variable
2. Dependent Variable
3. Polychotomous Variable
4. Independent Variable
5. Ordinal Variable
6. Numeric Variable
7. Dichotomous Variable
8. Nominal Variable
9. Continuous Variable
10. Categorical Variable

Activity 2. ANSWER MAY VARY

Activity 3.
1. Psychology - it measures human attributes/behavior and analyzes psychological processes
2. Medicine - it measures clinical and methodologic standards in medicinal prescription and
composition and laboratory experimentations
3. Economics - it evaluates economic behavior and designs economic policies and techniques
4. Demographics - it discovers patterns, associations, correlations, and other features of a
population
5. Education- it discovers solutions to issues in educational research, assessment, and
program evaluation and curriculum implementation

REFERENCES
Cristobal, Amadeo P. and Cristobal Maura Consolacion DC., 2017. Practical Research 2 for
Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Name:

Grade/Secti Subject: PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

on:

Subj. Quarter/W I/2

Teacher: eek:

I. True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect
and write the corresponding correct answer.
_______1. Variables refer to factors or conditions that do not change during the course of an experiment.
_______2. Discrete variables are not countable where the range of specified values is complete.
_______3. Nominal variables whose values can be organized in a logical sequence.
_______4. Independent variables can be controlled or manipulated to monitor such changes
_______5. Dependent variables that are usually affected by the manipulation of the independent
variables.

II. Identify the Dependent and Independent Variable in each of the following studies.
1. The effect of Sunlight on plant pigmentation
Independent variable = _____________________________
Dependent variables = _____________________________
2. Salary and job satisfaction among the employees of SM Hypermarket
Independent variable = _____________________________
Dependent variables = _____________________________
3. Method of Teaching and Languages Achievement of Students
Independent variable = _____________________________
Dependent variables = _____________________________
4. Time Management and its effects on the grade of students
Independent variable = _____________________________
Dependent variables = _____________________________
5. Effect of supplemental feeds on the growth of fishes
Independent variable = _____________________________
Dependent variables = _____________________________

III. Classify the following categorical variables as to NOMINAL, ORDINAL,

DICHOTOMOUS, POLYCHOTOMOUS

Types of learners Academic Grades Clothing size Gender

Educational Attainment Kind of Religion Measure of attitude Eye Colors

Veracity Level of Performance

NOMINAL ORDINAL DICHOTOMOUS POLYCHOTOMOUS