1 Hour

Gain Attention
Directions: BRAINSTORMING SESSION
How knowledgeable are you about your surroundings? How can you know more about
people, places, and things in this world? Share with your classmates some ways and
techniques you know about becoming knowledgeable about a lot of things in this world
such as those within your own world, among your friends, schoolmates, loved ones, and
so on.
What do you know about qualitative research as a method of understanding your
surroundings better?
Inform Learners of objectives
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

Cognitive:
1. Clarify your understanding of qualitative research;
2. Explain the elements or characteristics of qualitative research

Affective:
1. Justify the usefulness of qualitative research;
2. Obtain a thorough or in-depth knowledge of qualitative research.

Psychomotor:
1. Create a topic proposal for qualitative research.

Stimulate Recall of Prior Learning

Pre-test

Direction: TRUE or FALSE. Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if the statement is
FALSE. Write your answer in the space provided after each item.

________________1. Contextualization is not a characteristic of a Qualitative research.

_______________ 2. Historical research uses the events in the past in creating
knowledge that could explain the present and predict the future.
_______________3. Phenomenology research is done to find ways on how to
improve a certain policies and develop a particular aspect of life.
_______________4. One of the dis-advantages of Qualitative is that it does not
promotes a full understanding of human behaviour or personality
traits in their natural setting.
_______________5. A case study research is wherein the researcher could
reflect on the problems and perceive the situation based on the
perspective of the participant with very specific focus
_______________6. Diversified data in real-life situations is a characteristics’
of Qualitative Research.
______________ 7. Internal analysis a characteristics’ of a Qualitative
Research.
_______________ 8. Qualitative research is an act of inquiry or investigation of
real-life events
_______________ 9. Qualitative research is time-consuming.
_______________10. Subjectivity in qualitative research is not true, not only for
an individual or a group under study, but also for the researcher,
because of their personal involvement in every stage of your research.
 Present the content and provide learning guidance

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND ITS IMPORTANCE

● As a curious student, you want to know so many things about your

surroundings as well as the people, places, and things you find interesting,
intriguing, mysterious or unique. Try looking at the people around you.
Perhaps, you are interested in knowing these people’s ideas, views,
feelings, attitudes, or lifestyle. The information these people give you reflect
their mental, spiritual, emotional, or social upbringing, which in turn, show
how they view the world.
● Resulting from internal aspects, people cannot measure worldviews but can
know them through numbers. Obtaining world knowledge in this manner
directs you to do a research called Qualitative Research. This is a research
type that puts premium or high value on people’s thinking or point of view
conditioned by their personal traits. A form of research that uses the story or
narratives of its respondents as data. As such, it usually takes place in soft
sciences like social sciences, politics, economics, humanities, education,
psychology, nursing, and all business-related subjects.
● Subjectivity in qualitative research is true, not only for an individual or a group
under study, but also for you, the researcher, because of your personal
involvement in every stage of your research. For instance, during interviews,
you tend to admire or appreciate people’s ideas based on their answers or
your observations and analysis of certain objects. By carefully looking at or
listening to the subject or object in a natural setting, you become affected by
their expressions of what they think and feel about a topic. (Coghan 2014)
● In qualitative research, the reality is conditioned by society and people’s
intentions are involved in explaining cause-effect relationships. Things are
studied in their natural setting, enough for you to conclude that qualitative
research is an act of inquiry or investigation of real-life events. Giving you
more concepts about a qualitative research are the following paragraphs that
comprehensively present the elements or characteristics, types, and
advantages of this kind of research (Silverman 2013; Litchman 2013;
Walliman 2014; Suter 2012):
Characteristics of Qualitative Research

1. Human understanding and

interpretation
Data analysis
results show an
individual’s mental, social,
and spiritual
understanding of the
world. Hence, through
their worldviews, you come to know what kind of human being he or she is,
including his or her values, beliefs, likes, and dislikes.

2. Active, powerful, and forceful

A lot of changes occur continuously in every stage of qualitative
research. As you go through the research process, you and the need to amend
or rephrase interview questions and consider varied ways of getting answers,
like shifting from mere speculating to traveling to places for data gathering. You
are not fixated to a certain plan. Rather, you are inclined to discover your
qualitative research design as your study gradually unfolds or reveals itself in
accordance with your research objectives.

3. Multiple research approaches and methods

Qualitative research allows you to approach or plan your study in varied
ways. You are free to combine this with quantitative research and use all
gathered data and analysis techniques. Being a multi-method research, a
qualitative study applies to all research types: descriptive, exploratory,
explanatory, case study, etc.
4. Specificity to generalization
Specific ideas in qualitative research are directed to a general
understanding of something. It follows an inductive or scientific method
of thinking, where you start thinking of a particular or specific concept
that will eventually lead you to more complex ideas such as
generalizations or conclusions.

5. Contextualization
A quantitative research involves all variables, factors, or
conditions affecting the study. Your goal here is to understand human
behaviour. Thus, it is crucial for you to examine the context or situation
of an individual’s life—the who, what, why, how, and other
circumstances—affecting his or her way of life.

6. Diversified data in real-life situations

 A qualitative researcher prefers collecting data in a natural setting
like observing people as they live and work, analysing photographs or
videos as they genuinely appear to people, and looking at classrooms
unchanged or adjusted to people’s intentional observations.

7. Abounds with words and visuals

Words, words, and more words come in big quantities in this kind
of research. Data gathering through interviews or library reading, as well
as the presentation of data analysis results, is done verbally. In some
cases, it resorts to quoting some respondents’ answers. Likewise,
presenting people’s world views through visual presentation (i.e.,
pictures, videos, drawings, and graphs) are significantly used in
qualitative research.

8. Internal analysis
Here, you examine the data yielded by the internal traits of the
subject individuals (i.e., emotional, mental, spiritual characteristics). You
study people’s perception or views about your topic, not the effects of
their physical existence on your study. In the case of objects (e.g., books
and artworks) that are subjected to qualitative research, the
investigation centers on underlying theories or principles that govern
these materials and their usefulness to people.

Types of Qualitative Research

1. Case Study
A Research wherein the researcher could reflect on the
problems and perceive the situation based on the perspective
of the participant with very specific focus. This type of
qualitative research usually takes place in the field of social
care, nursing, psychology, rehabilitation center, education,
etc. This involves a long-time study of a person, group,
organization, or situation. It seeks to and answers to why
such things occur to the subject. Finding the reason/s behind
such occurrence drives you to also delve into relationships of
people related to the case under study. Varieties of data
collection methods such as interviews, questionnaires,
observations, and documentary analysis are used in a case
study.

2. Ethnography
It is a process of creating a cultural map of social human
behaviour and focus on the description of cultural ceremonies,
rituals, rite of passages and daily events behaviour. Falling in the
field of anthropology, ethnography is the study of a particular cultural
group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set-up,
internal operation, and lifestyle. A particular group reveals the
nature or characteristics of their own culture through the world
perceptions of the cultural group’s members.

3. Phenomenology
Coming from the word “phenomenon,” which means
something known through sensory experience,
phenomenology refers to the study of how people and their
experiences are meaningful. Its primary goal is to make
people understand their experiences about death of loved
ones, care for handicapped persons, friendliness of people,
etc. In doing so, other people will likewise understand the
meanings attached to their experiences. Those engaged in
assisting people to manage their own lives properly often do
this qualitative kind of research.
 4. Historical Analysis
It is qualitative research which uses the events in the
past in creating knowledge that could explain the present and
predict the future. This qualitative research method is the
examination of primary documents to make you understand
the connection of past events to the present time. The results
of your content analysis will help you specify
phenomenological changes in unchanged aspects of society
through the years.

5. Action Research
It is a type of research which is done to find ways on how
to improve certain policies and develop a particular aspect of life.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research

Disadvantages or Weaknesses of Advantages or Strengths of
Qualitative Research Qualitative Research

● It involves a lot of researcher’s ● It adopts a naturalistic approach

subjectivity in data analysis. to its subject matter, which means
that those involved in the
research understand things based
on what they and are meaningful.

● It is hard to know the validity or ● It promotes a full understanding of

reliability of the data. human behaviour or personality
traits in their natural setting.

● Its open-ended questions yield ● It is instrumental for positive

“data overload” that requires societal changes.
long-time analysis.

● It is time-consuming. ● It engenders respect for people’s

in

● It involves several processes, ● Dividuality as it demands the

which results greatly depend on researcher’s careful and attentive
the researcher’s views or stand toward people’s world
interpretations views.

● It is a way of understanding and

interpreting social interactions.

● It increases the researcher’s

interest in the study as it includes
the researcher’s experience or
 background knowledge in
interpreting verbal and visual
data.

● It offers multiple ways of acquiring

and examining knowledge about
something.

Synthesis
Here are the module’s key ideas:
● Qualitative Research is a form of research that uses the story or
 narratives of its respondents as data .It is an act of inquiry or
investigation of real-life events.And research type that puts premium
or high value on people’s thinking or point of view conditioned by
their personal traits.
● The characteristics of qualitative research are Human understanding
and interpretation, Active, powerful, and forceful, Multiple research
approaches and methods, Specificity to generalization,
Contextualization, Diversified data in real-life situations, Abounds
with words and visuals & Internal analysis.
● Types of qualitative research can be identified as Case study,
Ethnography, Phenomenology, Action Research, and Historical
Analysis.
 Assess performance

A. Direction: Identify what form of QUALITATIVE RESEARCH is used in the

following research.

HISTORICAL, ETHNOGRAPHIC, CASE STUDY, PHENOMENOLOGICAL,

ACTION RESEARCH

______________1. The Relevance of People Power Revolution, 31 years later.

______________2. Improving English Comprehension of Senior High school

students through speech laboratory
______________3. A study about the experiences of Senior High school
students about k to 12 Program

______________4. Parenting practices of Badjao in Northern Luzon

______________5. A study about the use of water hyacinth in making charcoal.

______________6. Studying the economic status during Martial Law

______________7. Knowing the reasons why the students fail on research

subject and making prevention program to
improve students’ performance.

______________8. Studying the perspective of grade 12 students about

definition of love based on their
unique experiences.

______________9. Identifying the culture behind the Sinulog festival of

Cebuanos.

______________10. A Study about a person with Down syndrome.

B. Directions: Form a group composed of five (5) or more members. The

group must choose among the following topics for discussion and sharing:
a. Self (e.g. ambitions, aspirations, dreams)
b. Family
c. Religious Beliefs
d. Friends
e. Life as a student.
Each member should discuss the topic chosen by the group.
While one person is discussing, the other member should record (using a pen and
paper) the main points discussed by each member.
After all the members have started a piece of their mind on the chosen topic, they
must determine the similarities and differences among the stories they shared with
each other. Using a table like the one below, they must make sense of each other’s
experience.

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

After processing the different After processing the different

experiences shared by each member of experiences shared by each member of
the group, write in this column the the group, write in this column the
similarities you found with your group differences you found with your group
mates. mates.
 Enhance retention and transfer

Directions: Ponder on things in your surroundings—the construction of your

house, your computer, the composition of your family, TV programs, social
networking (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), cell phones, tablets, destructive
plastic bags, religious groups, your classmates, your school, fast food
restaurants, etc.
Mulling over these things, think of one good topic you can research
qualitatively. But before doing actual research, write a descriptive essay
about the application of qualitative research on your chosen topic. Let your
teacher or classmates have an idea of your thoughts or plans on
qualitative research by giving them a copy of your descriptive essay that
explains the connection of your topic with all the essential things you have
learned about qualitative research.

Bibliography
● Avilla, R. A., (2016). Practical research 1. Makati City: Diwa Learning
System, Inc.
● Baraceros, E. L., (2016). Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Publishing.
● Francisco, P. M. S., et.al. (2016) Practical Research 1. Manila: Mindshapers
Co, Inc.
● Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative,
qualitative, and mixed approaches (p. 34). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
● Lichtman, M. (2006). Qualitative research in education: A user’s guide (pp.
7-8). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
● Perla, C. V., et. al. (2007) Interactive Technical Writing. Manila: UST
Publishing House.