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Stefan Bergmann
80
60 ▪ Higher loading on installed
40 equipment
20
0 ▪ Additional stress leads to
2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025
increased ageing and thus
Sold energy Purchased energy Losses
a reduced lifetime
Transmission development plan 2014 – 2015
Final report, issued December 2016
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 2
On-site testing with AC voltages
30
25
20
▪ The probability of failures or
15 defects increases
10
5
0 ▪ A regular maintenance plan
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 should include a proper testing
Transmission development plan 2014 – 2015 program
Final report, issued December 2016
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 3
On-site testing with AC voltages
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 4
On-site testing with AC voltages
High voltage tests - Steady part of the high voltage component’s life
Deviation Manufacturing
Routine test
Damage Transport
Mistake Installation / Commissioning
Site acceptance test
Ageing
Maintenance test
Operation
Defect Test after repair
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 5
On-site testing with AC voltages
High voltage tests - Steady part of the high voltage component’s life
Deviation Manufacturing
Routine test
Damage Transport
Mistake Installation / Commissioning
Site acceptance test
Ageing
Maintenance test
Operation
Defect Test after repair
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 6
On-site testing with AC voltages
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 7
On-site testing with AC voltages
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 8
On-site testing with AC voltages
▪ A good knowledge of the main parameters of test objects and the test
location is decisive to select a suitable test system.
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 9
On-site testing with AC voltages
Insulation Insulation
Resistance capacitance
(MΩ / km) (µF / km)
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 10
On-site testing with AC voltages
reactor voltage
Power
Source
frequency
1
Simplified resonant test circuit 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠 =
2𝜋 𝐿 ∗ 𝐶
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 11
On-site testing with AC voltages
▪ Active power
to feed the losses
to be applied shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser and
▪ Reactive power
the contractor. The waveform shall be substantially sinusoidal and the frequency shall be
between 20 Hz and 300 Hz. A voltage according to Table 4, column 10, shall be applied for 1 h.
to form the resonant circuit
together with the cable capacitance
▪ Required information:
Test voltage and -duration, test load or cable parameters,
losses and load cycles
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 12
On-site testing with AC voltages
Core Main
resistance reactance
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 13
On-site testing with AC voltages
▪ Relevant for:
induced voltage test (> 2 times power frequency)
no-load loss measurements (power frequency)
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 14
On-site testing with AC voltages
▪ Relevant for:
load loss measurements (power frequency)
measurements of short-circuit impedance (power frequency)
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 15
On-site testing with AC voltages
▪ Relevant for:
applied voltage tests (> 0.8 times power frequency)
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 16
On-site testing with AC voltages
▪ Active power
-to feed the no-load losses
-to compensate saturation
to be applied shall be subject to agreement between the purchaser and
the contractor.
conditionsThe waveform shall be substantially sinusoidal and the frequency shall be
between 20 Hz and 300 Hz. A voltage according to Table 4, column 10, shall be applied for 1 h.
-to provide transient power during
OLTC switching
-to suppress harmonics
▪ Reactive power
to compensate the load-loss
conditions
-to suppress harmonics
▪ Required information:
Transformer parameters, losses and impedances, Test conditions
and duration
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 17
On-site testing with AC voltages
measuring device
(transient recorder) l
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 18
On-site testing with AC voltages
left side: setup for HV cable test; right side: typical breakdown pattern, detected with fault locator
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 19
On-site testing with AC voltages
Test
object
CEE 32
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
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On-site testing with AC voltages
06.12.2019 Vortragstitel 21