1.

Anagnorisis

Anagnorisis is a literary term introduced by Aristotle in poetics, in greek it means "Recognition", to

explicate the formal acknowledgment of a person to his true nature when ignorance prevails wisdom. In
a novel or play, anagnorisis is identified as a part of the plot in which the character discovers his true
personality, it can also be the essential understanding of his condition leading the settlement of the
dilemma that gives finallity to the action. Morever, according to Aristotle, According to Aristotle, when
the reversal of fate or situation known as peripeteia conform to the ultimate moment of anagnorisis.
One of the finest examples of anagnorisis is in Oedipus Rex when Oedilus discovers he has killed Laius.
Another example of Anagnorisis is the play Othello by William Shakespear, wherein Othello believes all
and only what others tell him, yet he does not trust his wife, Desdemona. The moment of realization
came that he had mistakenly killed his beloved wife and he killed himself too.

2.Deus ex Machina was the term used in ancient Greek and Roman drama, Deus ex Machina was named
for the convention of a god appearing onto the stage by means of a mechane or crane and the
appearance of the god means to resolve and unravel the plot, which Aeschylus and Sophocles refrain to
use but was enriches by Euripides. The Threepenny opera by Bertolt Brecht in the latter part of the
presentation shared or demonstrated the abuse on said device. It is often used in all type of literature,
when unforeseen events brings resolution in difficult situations.

3. Tragedy

Tragedy is denoted to the gods of the fields and vineyards, Dionysus, a ritual sacrifice that is
accompanied by choral song. For Aristotle, tragedy is a form of action caused or encountered by a heroic
individual that treats in serious and dignified style as having a magnitude or sorrowful events, for him,
the most crucial element of tragedy is plot more than the character, and regard to tragic hero as a man
not supreme and just, whose misfortune, however is brought by some error of judgement and not upon
him. In plays, tragedy most likely occurs in a character’s death, while in drama it presents human
sufferings and terrible events in a dignified manner. One of the prominent English tragedy writers is
Christopher Marlowe, his works include Tamburlaine, The jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus, they are
known as great men in history who become victims of their own fate. Greek were the first of the
tragedians and the principal writers of greek tragedy were Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.
Aeschylus wrote ninety plays, Sophocles was even more prolific with one hundred twenty plays where
only seven of his works are extant and Euripides was almost great, eighty or ninety plays are ascribed to
him and most of all survive. Classical greek and Renaissance tragedy formed dramas concerning fortune
and misfortune, power and position and the befall of human beings. Greek Tragedy is relatively little of
note in Roman Tragedy by 400 BC, in the latter part of 16th c, dramatist paid attention and worked on
what suit their individual needs, from 1700 onwards relatively little tragedy of note was written, and
near the end of the 19th c. two scandinavian dramatist created their tragic vision revealing a spiritually
and morally corrupt in the society.

Nowadays, the concept of tragedy has changed to the grief, the misery, the disaster, of the ordinary
person who is a peasant, salesman, tramp and a mother.
4. Peripety

Peripety or peripeteia is introduced in Greek as reversal or sudden change in fortune. In drama, it is the
turning point which the plot moves from prosperity to destruction. In poetics it is discussed by Aristotle
and in the relevant passage in Bywaters translation as a sudden change of fortune from one state (good)
to its opposite kind (bad), which is often an ironic sequence of events that can be seen in Sophocles;
Oedipus Rex. Oedipus thought that the news the messenger brings would make him feel better but it
rather reveals the secret of his birth that leads him to Catastrophe.

5. Epiphany

Epiphany is derived from the greek word Epiphaneia which means manifestation or appearance. In
literary terms, epiphany denotes the holiday or festival commemorating the first manifestation of Christ
to the Gentiles, represented by the Magi or Kings. Generally, the term denotes the manifestation of
Gods’ presence in the world. Epiphany is one of the three principal and oldest festival days of the
Christian church and observed on January ^th, the festival of the “three kings”. In many countries,
Epiphany was celebrated with special pastries and the children often received gifts in honor of the Kings
gift to the infant Jesus.

6. Epithet

Epithet is usually an adjective or phrase expressing some quality or attribute which is characteristics of a
person or thing. Epithet helps the writers in making or describing someone or something in a broader
but easier to understand, in order to give reacher meaning. We have Long John, Dusty Miller, Chalky
White, Nobby Clark, Richard the Lionheart for the example, and “In blue Evening” by Rubert Brooke, he
described the anguish and agitation he feels deep inside him by the use of Epithet “a quiver” and “april
twilight on the river”.

7. Homodiegetic narrator

Homodiegetic narrator is described or denoted by Genette (1980), as a narrator who is also a character
in the story and a narrator that must decide which of the characters will narrate. The nature and the
perspective of the narrator influence and affect what the audience will perceive, heat and understand
about the plot through the tone and emotional implication of the narrative.

8. Poetic truth

Poetic Truth was first declared by Aristotle to be superior to historical truth and called poetry as the
most philosophical of all writings and Wordsworth agrees with him. Wordsworth described poetry as
true to nature and declares it to be the “image” or “man and nature”, he also gives an exalted position
in Poetry in a way that it treats the particular as well as universal, that aims for universal truth.
Generally, Poetic truth ties all mankind with love and sense of oneness.
9. Poetic justice

The term poetic justice was coined by Thomas Rymer an English Literary Critic in Tragedies of the Last
Age Considered (1678), to convey the idea of appropriate application of reward and punishment. In
which the vice are punished and good are rewarded, it was believed that a work of literature should
influence and teach the readers of correct principles and moral behaviour/ One example of poetic
justice in Literature is the work of William Shakespeare “King Lear”, where the evil character thrive
throughout the play and the good one’s suffered long and hard. The principle of morality in poetic
justice demands its characters to experience a twist in his fate.

10. Dike

Dike is defined or described in early Greece as a judgment or settlement, or to the personified force of
goddess, its meaning ranges from specific claims. In the trial scene on the Achilles’s shield in Homer's
Iliad, depicts the elders as judges in a competition to see who can propose the staighest dike or the best
judgment or settlement.