AGRARIAN LAW AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION

REVIEWER (MIDTERMS) TRANSFER

TRANSFER OF PRIVA
PRIVATE AND
AND PUBLIC
PUBLIC LANDS
LANDS TO FARMER
FARMER
BENEFICIARIES
HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE AGRARIAN LAWS
Sec. 3 (a) – Def!"#! #f A$%a%a! Ref#%&
 Agrarian Reorm – the redistribution o lands regardless o crops or 
Rice Share Tenancy
enancy Act – enacted
enacted to regulate
regulate the relations
relationship
hip
ruits produced to armers and regular armwor)ers who are landless
betwe
between
en landlo
landlords
rds and tenant
tenants
s on rice
rice lands.
lands. (amend
(amendeded by
irrespecti#e o tenurial arrangement to include the totality o actors
Commonwe
Commonwealthalth Act 178 amended
amended by RA no. !" by introduci
introducing
ng
and support ser#ices
ser#ices designed to lit the economic
economic status o the
changes in crop di#ision amended by RA $$%!&&
beneiciaries and all other arrangements alternati#e to the physical
redistribu
redistribution
tion o lands
lands such as productio
production
n or proit6sha
proit6sharing
ring labor 
Sugar Tenancy Act – enacted to regulate the relationship between
administration and the distribution o shares o stoc)s which will
landlords and tenants on lands planted to sugar cane. (amended by
allow beneiciaries to recei#e a :ust share o the ruits o the lands
Commonwealth Act $71 by e'tending its application to sugar arm
they wor).
wor)ers&

Sec. ' Sc#e

 Agricultural Share Tenancy
Tenancy Act (RA 11**&
11**& – it repealed all the earlier 
CAR+ o 1**8 shall co#er regardless o tenurial arrangement and
tenancy laws e'cept the Sugar Tenancy Act.
commodity
commodity produced
produced all public
public and pri#ate
pri#ate agricultu
agricultural
ral lands
lands
including other lands o the public domain suitable or agriculture;
 Agricultural +and Reorm Code o 1*%! (RA !8""& !8""& – abolished share
ro#ided
ro#ided that landholdings
landholdings o landowner
landowners s with a total area o 
tenancy. ,n its place it instituted the agricultural leasehold system.
hectar
hectares
es and belowbelow shall
shall not be co#ere
co#ered
d or ac5uis
ac5uisiti
ition
on and
(amended by Code o Agrarian ReormsRA %!8*&
distribution to 5ualiied beneiciaries.
The . lands are co#ered by CAR;
Tenant -mancipation +aw (/ 0o. $7& – promulgated by erdinand
a. All aliena
alienable
ble and dispos
disposabl
able
e lands o the public
public domain
domain
-. 2arcos which pro#ided or the transer o lands primarily de#oted
de#oted to or suitable or agriculture.
to rice and corn to the tenants.
b. All lands
lands o the public
public domai
domainn in e'cess
e'cess o the speci
speciic
ic limits
limits
as determined by Congress in the preceding paragraph<
-3 0o.
0o. $$8 (4uly 17 1*87&
1*87& – declar
declaring
ing ull land
land owners
ownership
hip to
c. All other
other lands
lands owned
owned by thethe =o#ernm
=o#ernment
ent de#ote
de#oted d to or 
5ualiied beneiciaries co#ered by / $7.
suitable or agriculture<
d. All
All pri#
pri#at
ate
e land
landss de#o
de#oteted
d to or suit
suitab
able
le or
or agri
agricucultltur
ure
e
-'ec
-'ecut
uti#
i#e
e 3rde
3rderr 1$*6
1$*6A
A (4ul
(4uly
y $%
$% 1*87
1*87&& 6 modi
modiy
yin
ing
g -3 1$*
1$* regardless o the agricultural products raised or that can be
Reorganiing and Strengthening /AR raised thereon.
roclamat
roclamation
ion 1!1 (4uly $$ 1*87& 6 ,nstituti
,nstituting
ng a Comprehen
Comprehensi#e
si#e
 Agrarian Reorm rogram.
rogram. +and 03T co#ered by CAR;
a. ri#ate
ri#ate lands
lands with
with a total area
area o  hectares
hectares and
and below<
below<
CAR
CAR o 1*88
1*88 (RA
(RA %%7
%%7 4une
4une 19 1*88& – amende
amended
d certai
certain
n b. +ands
+ands actual
actually
ly direct
directly
ly and e'clusi
e'clusi#el
#ely
y used
used or par)s
par)s
pro#icions by RA 7881 strengthened by RA *799. wildlie orest reser#es reorestation ish sanctuaries and
breeding grounds watersheds and mangro#es<

ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS

 c. ri#ate lands actually directly and e'clusi#ely used or  $. 0otice by the /AR to the landowner about the compulsory
prawn arms and ishponds
d. +ands actually directly and e'clusi#ely used and ound to be
necessary or; national deense school sites and campuses
e'perimental arm stations seeds and seedling research
and pilot production church sites and con#ents mos5ue
sites and ,slamic centers. Communal burial grounds and
cemeteries penal colonies and penal arms research and
5uarantine centers all lands with 18 > slope and o#er
e'cept those already de#eloped.
Sec.  P%#%"e* + Ac,-*"#! a! D*"%/-"#! Sc0e&e
 All remaining agricultural lands during the  yr e'tension period up to
4une !9 $91" in the ollowing order o priority;
a. +ands with an area o more than 9 hectares speciically;
1. Those sub:ected to 0otice o Co#erage on or beore 1$6
19698
$. Rice and corn lands
!. ,dle or abandoned lands
". ri#ate lands #oluntarily oered
. +ands oreclosed
%. +ands ac5uired by the C==
7. All other lands owned by the go#ernment de#oted to or 
suitable or agriculture
b. +ands with an area o $" hectares up to 9 hectares
speciically;
c. +ands with an area o more than 19 hectares up to $"
hectares
d. +ands rom the retention limit up to 19 hectares.
?ualiied beneiciaries – only armers and regular armwor)ers
actually tilling the lands as certiied under oath by the @ARC and
attested under oath by the landowners.
Sec. 12 La! Ac,-*"#! (C#&-*#%4 Ac,-*"#!)
P%#ce-%e5
1. ,dentiication by the /AR o the land landowner and beneiciary<
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
ac5uisition and the price oer by mail and posting in brgy hall and
municipal hall
!. Reply by the landowner about his acceptance or re:ection o the
oered price.
6, +3 accepts price +@ will pay +3 within !9 days rom e'ecution
and deli#ery o /eed o Transer 
6, +3 re:ects /AR will determine :ust compensation thru
administrati#e proceedings<
, +3 disagrees with the decision o the /AR he may bring
the matter to the regular courts o :ustice or inal determination o 
 :ust compensation.
". Ta)ing o immediate possession o the land by the /AR.
6 , +3 recei#es the corresponding payment< or 
6, +3 does not respond to the 0otice o Ac5uisition.
. Re5uest by the /AR to the Registry o /eeds to issue a TCT to
the Republic o the hil.
%. /istribution o the land to the 5ualiied beneiciaries.
$ 03T,C-S re5uired or the #alidity o implementation;
1. 0otice o Co#erage pursuant to /AR A3 0o. 1$ s. 1*8*
$. 0otice o Ac5uisition pursuant to Sec 1% o CAR+
ailure to comply with the proper procedure would be a #iolation o 
constitutional due process and should be deemed arbitrary
capricious whimsical and tainted with gra#e abuse o discretion.
hen titleBownership is transerred to the State – upon ull payment
o the :ust compensation. Dntil the 4C is inally determined and ully
paid the titleBownership remains with the +3. -#en i /AR deposited
the oered price with the +@ it does not warrant the cancellation o 
the +3Es title.
3pening o a trust account does not constitute payment because the
law re5uires :ust compensation to be paid in cash and +@ bonds
and not by trust account.
Sec. 16 La! Ac,-*"#! (V#-!"a%4 Offe% "# Se)
I!ce!"7e*5 +3 is entitled to an additional > cash payment.
/ocumentary Re5uirements;
1. Title or proo o ownership i untitled<
$. Ta' declaration< and
!. Appro#ed sur#ey plan
, +3 ails to submit the land will be sub:ected to compulsory
ac5uisition.
LANDS NOT COVERED BY LAND AC8UISITION
Sec. 2 Re"e!"#! L&"*
+3 has the right to retain not more than  hectares o his
landholdings. The retained area need not be personally culti#ated by
the +3 – culti#ation can be done indirectly through labor  , the retention area chosen by the +3 is tenanted what happens to
administration.
Can a +3 who already e'ercised his retention rights under / $7 be
entitled to retention right under CAR+
 – 0o more. Fowe#er i the +3 chooses to retain  hectares under  6
CAR+ the 7 hectares pre#iously retained by him under / $7 shall
be immediately placed under the co#erage o CAR+.
Can spouses retain  hectares each under CAR+ – ,t depends.
a. , the property regime is con:ugal or absolute community –
the spouses can retain only  hectares.
/. , the property regime is separation o property – the
spouses can retain  hectares each (a total o 19 hectares&
ho has the right to choose the retention area – the landowner.
The c0#*e! a%ea should be C32ACT and C30T,=D3DS. As long
as the area to be retained is compact and contiguous and it does not
e'ceed the retention ceiling o  hectares the +3Es choice o the
area to be retained must pre#ail.
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
The +3 should e'ercise his right o retention within %9 days rom
receipt o the 0otice o Co#erage. , he does not e'ercise his right o 
retention within the speciied period the 2AR3 will designate the
retained area or the +3. , +3 disagrees with the selected area he
may ile a protest with the 2AR3.
Can a +3 e'ercise his right to retention o#er the land which has
already been co#ered by an - or C+3A
6The issuance o - or C+3A to beneiciaries does not absolutely
bar the +3 rom retaining the area co#ered thereby. , the +3 has
been depri#ed o his right to retention he may ile a petition or 
cancellation o the - or C+3A that may ha#e been issued to the
tenants.
Dnder A3 no. $ s. 1**" an - or C+3A may be cancelled i the
land co#ered is later ound to be part o the +3Es retained area.
(/ae #. CA&
the tenant
6 The tenant may choose in whether to remain therein or be a
beneiciary in the same or another agricultural land with
similar or comparable eatures.
The tenant must choose within 1 year rom the time the +3
maniests his choice o the area or retention.
-lements o tenant6landlord relationship;
1. The +3 has engaged a person to personally culti#ate an
agricultural land< and
$. The +3 is compensated in terms o share in the produce
(share tenancy& or in terms o a price certain or 
ascertainable in produce or in money or both (leasehold
tenancy&.
-ect i the tenant chooses to remain in the retained area;
6Fe will no longer be considered as a tenant but as an agricultural
lessee and he will no longer 5ualiy as an agrarian reorm
beneiciary.

Term o lease; the agricultural leasehold relation once established
continues until such leasehold relation is e'tinguished through;
a. Abandonment or #oluntary surrender o the landholding by
the lessee< or  the /AR with :ust compensation to the landowner then /AR will
b. Absence o successor in the e#ent o death or permanent
incapacity o the lessee
The relation is not necessarily e'tinguished by death or incapacity it
continues between the lessor and the person who can culti#ate the
landholding personally which the lessor can choose rom; sur#i#ing
spouse< the eldest direct descendant< or the ne't eldest descendant.
-ect i the tenant chooses to be a beneiciary;
6 Fe loses his right to be a lessee o the land retained by the
+3.
Children o the +3 are entitled to ! hectares each. , the +3 owns
more than  hectares o agricultural land the e'cess area may be
awarded to the children o the +3 to the e'tent o ! hectares or each
child under the . conditions;
1. The child is at least 1 yrs old< and
$. The child is actually tilling the land or directly managing the
arm
The child need not directly or personally till the land – it is enough
that he directly manages the arm.
=eneral Rule; +ands awarded to children cannot be sold
transerred con#eyed within 19 years. -GC-T; a. through
hereditary succession< b. to the go#ernment< c. to the +@< d. to
other 5ualiied beneiciaries
Children or Spouse may repurchase within $ years rom date o  appro#al o their inclusion in the +ungsod Silangan Reser#ation.
transer  -#en today they are continued to be de#eloped as low cost housing
Sec. 2+A. E9ce"#! "# Re"e!"#! L&"*
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
+ocal =o#ernment Dnits e'propriating agricultural lands or actual
direct and e'clusi#e public purpose shall not be sub:ect to the 
hectare retention limit
P%#ce**5 +and will be ac5uired by the 0ational =o#ernment through
distribute the land to the Agrarian beneiciaries. Ater that +=D will
e'propriate the land and pay agrarian beneiciaries :ust
compensation.
Sec. 1:. E9e&"#!* a! E9c-*#!*
1. +ands actually directly and e'clusi#ely used or par)s
wildlie orest reser#es reorestation ish sanctuaries
and breeding grounds watersheds and mangro#es.
$. ri#ate lands actually directly and e'clusi#ely used or 
prawn arms and ishponds ro#ided said prawn arms
and ishponds ha#e not been distributed and C+3A
issued to beneiciaries under CAR.
!. +ands actually directly and e'clusi#ely used and ound
to be necessary or national deense school sites and
campuses including e'perimental arm stations
operated by public or pri#ate schools or educational
purposes seeds and seedling research church sites
cemeteries penal colonies and all lands with 18> slope
and o#er e'cept those already de#eloped.
+ands already classiied or residential commercial or industrial use
by the Fousing and +and Dse Regulatory @oard prior to the
eecti#ity o the CAR+ are 03T sub:ect to agrarian reorm.
Na"aa Rea"4 7 DAR5  The unde#eloped portions o the subdi#ision
cannot be considered Hagricultural landsI. These lots were intended
or residential use. They ceased to be agricultural lands upon
subdi#ision. These lands are still residential lands and outside o the
ambit o CAR+.
S!ce Na"aa a!* ;e%e c#!7e%"e %#% "# <-!e 1=> 16??> DAR
* /#-! /4 *-c0 c#!7e%*#!.
CMU 7 DARAB5 @y the #ery nature o the C2D which is a school
established to promote agriculture and industry the need or #ast
tract o agricultural land or uture e'pansion is ob#ious. As to the
determination o when and what lands are ound to be necessary or  rocedure or determination o 4ust Compensation;
use by the C2D the school is in the best position to resol#e and
answer the 5uestion and pass upon the problem o its needs in
relation to its a#owed ob:ecti#es.
Secretary o Agrarian Reorm – has the :urisdiction and authority to
e'empt or e'clude a property rom the co#erage o the agrarian
reorm program.
Sec. 1 De"e%&!a"#! #f <-*" C#&e!*a"#!
4ust Compensation – the ull and air e5ui#alent o the property ta)en
rom its owner by the e'propriator.
actors used in the #aluation o lands;
1. Capitalied 0et ,ncome (C0,& which is based on land use
and producti#ity
$. Comparable Sales (CS& which is based 79> o the @,R
onal #alue< and
!. 2ar)et Jalue (2J& which is based on the Ta' /eclaration.
Ba*c F#%&-a
hen all actors are present; C0, ' 9.%9 K CS ' 9.!9 K 2J ' 9.19 L
+and Jalue
hen C0, is not present; CS ' 9.*9 K 2J ' 9.19 L +and Jalue
hen CS is not present; C0, ' 9.*9 K 2J ' 9.19 L +and Jalue
hen CS and C0, are not present; 2J ' $ L +and Jalue
@asis in determining 4C; the #alue o the property at the time it was
ta)en rom the owner and appropriated by the go#ernment.
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
Time o ta)ing; when title is transerred to  hilippines or beneiciaries
and when agricultural land #oluntarily oered by a landowner was
appro#ed by ARC.
, there is delay the #alue should be determined not at the time o 
ta)ing o the land but at the time o ull payment o the :ust
compensation.
1. +@ determines #alue o the land
$. Dsing +@Es #aluation the /AR ma)es an oer to the +3.
!. ,n case the +3 re:ects the oer the /AR conducts a
summary administrati#e proceeding to determine the
compensation or the land by re5uiring the +3 the +@ and
other interested parties to submit e#idence as to the :ust
compensation.
". A party who disagrees with the decision o the ad:udicator 
may bring the matter to the RTC designated as a Special
 Agrarian Court or inal determination o :ust compensation.
Role o the /ARA@; They can conduct a summary administrati#e
proceeding or the preliminary determination o :ust compensation in
order to determine whether land #aluation computations o the +@
are in accordance with the rules or administrati#e order.
ho conducts reliminary roceedings o +and Jaluation
1. ARA/ – when the initial land #aluation o +@ is less than
19million
$. RARA/ – when the initial land #aluation o +@ is 19million6
9million
!. /ARA@ – when the initial land #aluation o +@ is abo#e
9million
, ARA/ is not a#ailable RARA/ will conduct it notwithstanding the
#alue o the land
, RARA/ is not a#ailable /ARA@ will conduct or designate an
 Ad:udicator rom among the ARA/s in the region.
Jaluation set by /AR is not conclusi#e. +3 may contest it to RTC
within 1 days rom receipt o the boardEs decision. Dpon iling with
the RTC6SAC party shall ile 0otice o iling o 3riginal Action with
the @oardBAd:udicator together with Certiied True Copy o petition
iled with SAC.
ailure to ile notice or submit Certiied True Copy the decision o the
@oard will be inal and e'ecutory. hen notice and CTC are
recei#ed the @oard shall not issue writ o e'ecution.
Consent o beneiciary is not re5uired in determination o  ho are eligible to become Agrarian Reorm @eneiciaries –
compensation.
Sec 1?. Va-a"#! a! M#e #f C#&e!*a"#!
1. Cash ayment
• or lands abo#e 9 hectares; $> cash balance to
be paid in go#ernment inancial instruments
negotiable at any time.
• or lands abo#e $" hectares to 9 hectares; !9>
cash balance to be paid in go#ernment inancial
instruments negotiable at any time.
• or lands $" hectares and below; !> cash
balance to be paid in go#ernment inancial
instruments negotiable at any time.
$. Shares o stoc) in =3CCs +@ preerred shares physical
assets or other 5ualiied in#estments in accordance with
guidelines set by the ARC<
!. Ta' credits which can be used against any ta' liability<
". +@ bonds which shall mature e#ery year until the 19 th year  P-/c La!*> C#ec"7e* #% C##e%a"7e*> O"0e%*
+A0/ R-/,STR,@DT,30
Sec. @@ 8-afe Be!efca%e*
T0e a!* c#7e%e /4 "0e CARP *0a /e *"%/-"e a* &-c0 a*
#**/e "# a!e** %e*e!"* #f "0e *a&e /a%a!$a4 #% ! "0e
a/*e!ce "0e%e#f> a!e** %e*e!"* #f "0e *a&e &-!ca"4 !
"0e ff. #%e% #f %#%"45
1. A$%c-"-%a Le**ee* a! S0a%e Te!a!"*
@. Re$-a% Fa%&;#%e%*
3. Sea*#!a Fa%&;#%e%*
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
'. O"0e% Fa%&;#%e%*
=. Ac"-a Te%* #% Occ-a!"* #f P-/c La!*
2. C#ec"7e* #% C##e%a"7e*
. O"0e%* %ec"4 ;#%!$ #! "0e a!
PROVIDED> 0#;e7e% c0%e! #f a!#;!e%* /e $7e!
%efe%e!ce a! ac"-a "e!a!" "e%* !#" /e eec"e.
+andless resident o the same barangay or municipality
+andless Resident – armer or tiller who owns less than ! hectares o 
land
?ualiications;
1. ilipino Citien
$. Resident o barangay or municipality where landholding is
located
!. At least 1 years old at the time o identiication screening
and selection
". illing able and e5uipped with aptitude to culti#ate and
ma)e land producti#e
Sec. @@ – A. O%e% #f P%#%"4
C0%e! – 3 0ec"a%e* eac0
A$%c-"-%a Le**ee*> S0a%e Te!a!"* a! Re$-a% 
Fa%&;#%e%* – 3 0ec"a%e* eac0
T0e! "0e %e&a!!$ /e $7e! "# Sea*#!a Fa%&;#%e%*>
O"0e% Fa%&;#%e%*> Ac"-a Te%* #% Occ-a!"* #f 
%ec"4 ;#%!$ #! "0e a!.
Sec. @3. D*"%/-"#! L&"
N# ,-afe /e!efca%4 &a4 #;! &#%e "0a! 3 0ec"a%e* #f 
a$%c-"-%a a!
Criteria o rioritiation; illingness Aptitude Ability to culti#ate and
ma)e land producti#e< hysical Capacity< +ength o Ser#ice
actors in determining sie o land; type o crop< type o soil< weather 
patterns< other pertinent actors critical or success o beneiciaries
Sec. @'. A;a% "# Be!efca%e*
hen does rights and responsibilities commence – rom their  occupation o the land.
receipt o a duly registered - or C+3A and actual physical
possession o the awarded land. Such award shall be completed in
not more than 189 days rom the date o registration o the title in the
name o the Republic o the hilippines.
ending issuance o C+3A the beneiciaries ha#e usuructuary
rights o#er the awarded land.
Transer o ownership to the beneiciaries is not automatic.
Title and ownership o#er the land can be transerred to the
beneiciaries #!4 -#! f- a4&e!" #f "0e -*" c#&e!*a"#! "#
"0e a!#;!e%.
hen does the /AR issue C+3A – only upon ull payment o 
amortiation by the armer6beneiciary. The C+3A in turn becomes
the basis or the issuance in his name o an original or transer  per annum.
certiicate o title.
C+3As become indeeasible and imprescriptible ater 1 year rom its
registration with the Registry o /eeds.
=rounds or cancellation o C+3A;
1. Abandonment o land
$. 0eglect or 2isuse o land
!. ailure to pay ! annual amortiations
". 2isuse or di#ersion o inancial and support ser#ices
. Sale transer or con#eyance o right to use land
%. ,llegal con#ersion o land
3bligations o Agrarian Reorm @eneiciaries;
• -'ercise due diligence in the use culti#ation and
maintenance o the land including impro#ements thereon<
and
• ay the +@ !9 annual amortiations with %> interest per 
annum.
The amortiation will start 1 year rom the date o registration o the
C+3A. Fowe#er i actual occupancy o the land ta)es place ater the
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
registration the 16year period shall be rec)oned rom constructi#e
Sec. @= A;a% Ce!$* f#% Be!efca%e*
Be!efca%e* *0a /e a;a%e a! a%ea !#" e9cee!$ 3
0ec"a%e*.
=eneral Rule; +and should be awarded to the indi#idual armer 
beneiciary and should be co#ered by an !7-a ""e.
Fowe#er i the beneiciaries opt or collecti#e
ownership collecti#e ownership title may be issued in the name o 
the co6owners or the collecti#e organiation.
Sec. @2. Pa4&e!" /4 Be!efca%e*
• ayable to +@ in !9 annual amortiations with %> interest
• ayment starts; 1 year rom date o registration o the C+3A<
or date o actual occupancy i the occupancy too) place
ater the registration o C+3A.
@asis o Amortiation; 2a'. amortiation is > o the annual
gross production as established by the /AR. Ater the  th  year
the interest rate andBor the principal obligation may be reduced
by the +@ to ma)e the repayment aordable.
-ect o ailure to pay ! annual amortiations;
+@ can oreit landholding and award it to other 5ualiied
beneiciaries. The beneiciary whose land has been oreclosed or 
oreited will be permanently dis5ualiied rom becoming a
beneiciary.
Sec. @. T%a!*fe%a/"4 #f A;a%e La!*
Be!efca%e* ca!!#"> ;"0! a e%# #f 1: 4ea%*> *e #% 
"%a!*fe% #;!e%*0 #f "0e a! e9ce"5 "0%#-$0 0e%e"a%4
*-cce**#!> "# "0e $#7e%!&e!"> "# "0e LBP> #% "# #"0e% 
,-afe /e!efca%e*.
 -ect o sale or transer to the go#ernment or the +@; the
children or the spouse o the transeror can repurchase the land
within $years rom the date o transer.
Can a beneiciary who has not ully paid amortiations sell the
land to another Mes under . conditions; Appro#al o the /AR<
land should be sold only to an heir or to any other 5ualiied
beneiciary< and the transeree must underta)e to culti#ate the
land himsel otherwise the +@ will ta)e the land or proper  @oth schemes are no longer operati#e. 3nly allowed up to 4une !9
disposition.
, complied with +@ will compensate the beneiciary in one
lump sum or the amounts he has already paid together with
#alue o impro#ements.
Can the beneiciary lease the land Mes pro#ided that the lease
is or agricultural purposes. , or non6agricultural see) appro#al
o the /AR. ,t can also be leased to ormer +3 ater obtaining
appro#al rom the /AR through the ARC.
,2R3J-2-0T 3 TF- +-AS-F3+/ R-+AT,30SF,
Sec. 1@. De"e%&!a"#! #f Lea*e Re!"a*
DAR 0a* "0e #;e% "# f9 %e!"a*> in this wise;
• or lands de#oted to rice and other crops – $> o the
a#erage normal har#est ater deducting the amount used
or seeds and the cost o har#esting or threshing. ,  C30J-RS,30 3 A=R,CD+TDRA+ +A0/S
there has been no normal har#est then the estimated
normal har#est during the ! agricultural yrs immediately
preceding the date the leasehold was established.
• or sugarcane lands – $> o a#erage normal har#est
less the #alue o the cost o seedsBcane points
har#esting loading hauling andBor truc)ing ee and
cost o processing.
• or coconut lands – $> o the a#erage normal har#est
or a speciic area or the preceding ! calendar years
less the #alue o production cost.
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
JAR,AT,30S ,0 +A0/ AC?D,S,T,30
Sec. 31. C#%#%a"e La!#;!e%*
$ schemes a#ailable to corporate +os<
1. Joluntary +and Transer 
$. Stoc) distribution
$99*. Ater this date the modes o ac5uisition are limited to #oluntary
oer to sell and compulsory ac5uisition.
Sec. 3@. P%#-c"#!+S0a%!$
+ , more than 2 gross salesByear are realied;
!> o the gross sales 6 to be distributed to regular and other 
arm wor)ers
1> o the gross sales – to be distributed to the managerial
super#isory and technical employees
+ , proits are realied – additional 19> o the net proit ater 
ta' to be distributed to regular and other armwor)ers.
T0* *ec"#! ;a* eca%e -!c#!*""-"#!a ;"0 %e*ec" "#
7e*"#c a! #-"%4.
Sec. 3@+A. I!ce!"7e*
,ncenti#es or regular ishpond or prawn arm wor)ers is 7.> o the
net proit beore ta' o#er.
Sec. 2=. C#!7e%*#! #f La!*
Con#ersion – is the act o changing the current use o a piece o 
agricultural land into some other use as appro#ed by the /AR to
wit;
6or residential commercial industrial and other non6agricultural
purposes<
6or another type o agricultural acti#ity such as li#estoc) poultry
and ishpond the eect o which is to e'empt the land rom CAR
co#erage.
6or non6agricultural use other than that pre#iously authoried.
Reclassiication – is the act o speciying how agricultural lands shall
be utilied or non6agricultural uses such as residential industrial
and commercial as embodied in the land use plan sub:ect to the
re5uirements and procedures or land use con#ersion.
-ect o reclassiication; ,t does not automatically allow the +3 to
change its use it must undergo C30J-RS,30 beore he can use
the agricultural land or other purposes.
Scope o /AREs con#ersion authority; Those ater the eecti#ity o  continue to be co#ered by CAR
RA no. %%7
ho can apply or con#ersion
1. The beneiciary
$. The +andowner with respect only to his retained area which
is tenanted
hen to ile application or con#ersion
6Ater the lapse o  years rom the award o the land.
Conditions beore application or con#ersion be iled;
1. hen the land ceases to be economically easible or  prawn arms up to a ma'imum area o  hectares. @DT /AR may
agricultural purposes
$. hen the locality has become urbanied and the land will
ha#e a greater economic #alue or residential commercial or  ishpondBprawn arm< Simple and absolute ma:ority o the regular
industrial purposes.
3bligations o the beneiciary when con#ersion is appro#ed;
1. ,n#est 19> o the proceeds rom the con#ersion in
go#ernment securities< and
$. ay +@ the ull price o the land upon con#ersion.
+ands not sub:ect to con#ersion;
1. Agricultural lands within protected areas designated by
0,AS
$. All irrigated lands
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
!. All irrigable lands already co#ered by irrigation pro:ects with
irm unding commitments
". All agricultural lands with irrigation acilities operated by
pri#ate organiations
 Areas highly restricted rom con#ersion;
1. ,rrigable lands not co#ered by irrigation pro:ects with irm
unding commitments
$. Agro6industrial croplands
!. Fighlands
". +ands issued with notice o land #aluation and ac5uisition
. -n#ironmentally critical areas
-ect o ailure to implement appro#ed con#ersion; +and will
Sec. 2=+A. C#!7e%*#! !"# F*0#! a! P%a;! Fa%&*
Ge!e%a R-e5 N# c#!7e%*#! #f P-/c A$%c-"-%a La!* !"#
F*0#!* a! P%a;! Fa%&*.
E9ce"5 when the coastal one is declared suitable or ishpond
de#elopment by the pro#incial go#ernment and @AR
, condition is complied with /-0R can allow the lease and
de#elopment o the area.
ri#ate Agricultural +ands; can be con#erted into ishponds and
appro#e more than  hectares i;
The use o the land is more economically easible and sound or 
 
arm wor)ersBtenants agree to the con#ersion.
Sec. 2=+B. I!7e!"#%4
Felps /AR monitor unauthoried con#ersion o lands into
ishpondsBprawn arms.
Sec. 2=+C. C0a!$e #f C%#*
To harmonie agrarian reorm with the en#ironmental laws
C0a!$e #f c%#* #e* !#" !ee DAR a%#7a.
Sec. '1. P%e*e!"a A$%a%a! Ref#%& C#-!c (PARC)
 Chairperson; resident o the hilippines
Jice6Chairperson; Secretary o Agrarian Reorm
2embers;
Secretary o /epartment o Agriculture
Secretary o /epartment o -n#ironment and 0atural Resources
Secretary o /epartment o @udget and 2anagement
Secretary o /epartment o ,nterior and +ocal =o#ernment
Secretary o /epartment o ublic or)s and Fighways
Secretary o /epartment o Trade and ,ndustry
Secretary o /epartment o inance
Secretary o /epartment o +abor and -mployment
/irector6=eneral o 0ational -conomic and /e#elopment Authority
resident o +and @an) o the hilippines
 Administrator o 0ational ,rrigation Authority
 Administrator o +and Registration Authority
% representati#es o aected +3s to represent +uon Jisayas
2indanao
% representati#es o Agrarian Reorm @eneiciaries ($ each rom
+uJi2in; At least 1 rom indigenous peoples at least 1 rom duly
recognied 0ational 3rganiation o Rural omen At least $9> o 
the members o ARC should be women but not less than $&
Sec. '@ E9ec-"7e C#&&""ee
Chairman; Secretary o the /AR
2embers; (resident will designate&
Sec. '3 Sec%e"a%a"
To pro#ide general support and coordinati#e ser#ices or the ARC
Fead; Secretary o the /AR (he appoints all oicers and employees
o secretariat&
 Assistant; Dndersecretary
Support; Sta (determined by ARC -GC32&
Sec. '' P%#7!ca A$%a%a! Ref#%& C##%!a"!$ C#&&""ee
(PARCCOM)
Chairman; (appointed by the resident upon recommendation o the
-GC32&
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
-'ecuti#e 3icer; ro#incial Agrarian Reorm 3icer (AR3&
1 representati#e each; /A /-0R +@
1 representati#e each; e'isting armerEs organiation agricultural
cooperati#es and 0=3s
$ representati#es rom +3s
$ representati#es rom armer and armwor)ers or beneiciaries
1 representati#e rom cultural communities
Sec. '= P%#7!ce+/4+P%#7!ce I&e&e!"a"#! (/4 PARCCOM)
or the peculiarities and needs o each pro#ince
Sec. '2. Ba%a!$a4 A$%a%a! Ref#%& C#&&""ee (BARC)
1. armers and armwor)ers @eneiciaries
$. armers and armwor)ers 0on6beneiciaries
!. Agricultural Cooperati#es
". 3ther armer 3rganiations
. @arangay Council
%. 0=3s
7. +andowners
8. +@
*. 3icial o the /A assigned to the barangay
19. 3icial o the /-0R assigned to the area
11. /AR technologist assigned to the area – may act as
secretary
Sec. ' F-!c"#!* #f "0e BARC
1. To participate and gi#e support to the implementation o 
programs on agrarian reorm
$. To mediate conciliate or arbitrate agrarian conlicts and
issues that are brought to it or resolution
!. To perorm such other unctions that the ARC -GC32 or 
/AR secretary may delegate
Sec. '? Le$a A***"a!ce
@ARC may see) legal ad#ice rom /AR to ensure solution is within
the bounds o law
Sec. '6 R-e* a! Re$-a"#!*
Substanti#e and rocedural
Ta)e eect; 19 days ater publication in $ national newspapers o  implementation o agrarian reorm laws (e 'ecuti#e&
general circulation
Sec. 23 F-!!$ S#-%ce
4ust compensation payment to +3s – rom Agrarian Reorm und
 Amount needed to implement CAR; 19billion pesos
 Amount rom =AA – not less than billion pesos
Creba v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform: Reclassification is the act 
of specifying how agricultural lands shall be utilized for non-
agricultural uses such as residential, commercial, industrial. The
authority of the DAR to approve or disapprove conversion can only  $. Summon witnesses
be exercised after the effectivity of RA !". #onversion is needed  !. Administer 3aths
to change the current use of reclassified agricultural lands.
Sta. Rosa Realty v CA:  Agricultural lands that were already 
reclassified as non-agricultural prior to $une %!, %&'' does not 
re(uire any conversion clearance or authority from the DAR because
said lands are not covered by #AR).
R-S3+DT,30 3 A=RAR,A0 /,SDT-S
Sec. =: 8-a*+<-ca P#;e%* #f "0e DAR
The /AR is hereby #ested with R,2ARM 4DR,S/,CT,30 to
determine and ad:udicate agrarian reorm matter and shall ha#e
-GC+DS,J- 3R,=,0A+ 4DR,S/,CT,30 o#er all matters in#ol#ing
the implementation o agrarian reorm -GC-T those alling under 
the e'clusi#e :urisdiction o /A and /-0R.
Two6old 4urisdiction o the /AR;
1. -ssentially e9ec-"7e and pertains to the enorcement and
administration o the laws carrying them into practical
operation and enorcing their due obser#ance.
$. <-ca and in#ol#es the determination o rights and
obligations o the parties
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
/AR Sec.Regional 3iceAR32AR3 – concerns the
/ARA@RARA/ARA/ – concerns ad:udication o agrarian reorm
disputes (:udicial&
?uasi64udicial 4urisdiction o the /AR; thru /ARA@
1. rimary 4urisdiction to determine and ad:udicate agrarian
reorm matters
$. Appellate 4urisdiction o#er orders and decisions o the
agrarian reorm ad:udicators
?uasi64udicial owers o the /AR; thru /ARA@
1. To hear and decide cases within its :urisdiction
". Ta)e testimony
. ,ssue subpoena ad testiicandum or duces tecum
%. ,ssue writs o e'ecution< and
7. unish direct or indirect contempt
ARA/ – generally has primary and e'clusi#e :urisdiction to hear 
and decide agrarian disputes.
 Agrarian /ispute – any contro#ersy relating to tenurial arrangements
whether leasehold tenancy stewardship or otherwise o#er lands
de#oted to agriculture including disputes concerning armwor)ers
associations or representation o persons in negotiating i'ing
maintaining changing or see)ing to arrange terms or conditions o 
such tenurial arrangements.
N0ot e#ery case in#ol#ing an agricultural land automatically ma)es it
an agrarian dispute upon which the /ARA@ has :urisdiction.
, occupancy and possession was by mere tolerance there is no
agrarian dispute.
 A-A+; decisions o ARA/ are appealable to the /ARA@ within
1 days.
/ARA@ has no :urisdiction o#er;
1. 2atters pertaining to ownership
 $. Retention or -'emption ,ssues
!. Right o ay ,ssues (+aguna -state # CA&
". ,dentiy and Classiy landholdings or agrarian reorm
co#erage
. 2atters pertaining to identiication and selection o  SAC shall ha#e original and e'clusi#e original :urisdiction o#er all
beneiciaries
Sec. =:+A E9c-*7e <-%*c"#! #! A$%a%a! D*-"e
 Agrarian case iled in regular court must 03T be dismissed but
reerred to the /AR or the purpose o determining whether an
agrarian dispute e'ists.
1 days to appeal the ruling o /AR to RTC and CA
Sec. =1. F!a"4 #f De"e%&!a"#!
The case shall be decided within !9 days ater submission or  #aluation o properties and to ile a written report thereo with the
resolution. 3nly one motion or reconsideration is allowed. Rulings
ater 1 days shall be inal.
Sec. =@ F%7##-* Aea*
/AR may impose reasonable penalties including but not limited to
ine and censure
Sec. =3 Ce%"fca"#! #f "0e BARC
,t is a prere5uisite to iling o a complaint beore the /ARA@. ,t is not
needed in :udicial determination o :ust compensation where Special
 Agrarian Courts ta)e cogniance not /ARA@.
Sec. =' Ce%"#%a%
,t is a remedy rom an ad#erse ruling o the /AR within 1 days rom
notice o ruling brought to CA.
Secretary o the /AR – has e'clusi#e and original :urisdiction o#er all
cases in#ol#ing the cancellation o registered -s C+3A other 
titles.
R3+- 3 S-C,A+ A=RAR,A0 C3DRTS ,0 +A0/ JA+DAT,30
 A0/ -0A+ R3J,S,30S
Sec. =2. Seca A$%a%a! C#-%"
ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS
The SC shall designate at least one branch o the RTC within each
pro#ince to act as a Special Agrarian Court.
Sec. = Seca <-%*c"#!
petitions;
1. or the determination o :ust compensation
$. Criminal #iolations o the CAR+
4ust compensation preliminarily determined by the /ARA@ should be
iled with SAC within 1 days rom notice
Sec. =? A#!"&e!" #f C#&&**#!e%*
SAC may appoint one or more commissioners to e'amine
in#estigate and ascertain acts rele#ant to the dispute including the
court.
3b:ections to the CommissionerEs report; signiy within 19 days
Sec. =6 O%e% #f "0e Seca A$%a%a! C#-%"
0o interlocutory order shall be ele#ated to the appellate courts until
hearing has been terminated
Sec. 2: Aea*
Remedy rom an ad#erse decision o the SAC; etition or Re#iew
not an ordinary appeal.
iled within 1 days otherwise the decision shall become inal.
Remedy rom ad#erse decision o the CA; appeal by Certiorari with
the SC wBn 1 days
SD3RT S-RJ,C-S 3R TF- AR2-RS A0/ +3s
Sec. 32 F-!!$ f#% S-#%" Se%7ce*
-stablishment o Agrarian Reorm Communities it will be composed
o and managed by agrarian reorm beneiciaries who shall be willing
to be organied and to underta)e the integrated de#elopment o an
area their organiations or cooperati#es.
 The most notable ser#ice; incenti#e granted to a +3 who in#ests in
Sec. 3 S-#%" Se%7ce* f#% "0e A$%a%a! Ref#%& Be!efca%e* rural6based industries.
1. +and Sur#eys and titling
$. +iberalied access to credit Sec. 36 La! C#!*#a"#!
!. Socialied terms on agricultural credit acilities ,ntended to;
". Technology transer  1. romote e5ual distribution o landholdings
. ,nrastructures such as storage acilities mini dams etc. $. ro#ide the needed inrastructures in agriculture
!. Conser#e soil ertility and pre#ent erosion
Sec. 3+A E,-a S-#%" Se%7ce* f#% R-%a W#&e!
Rural omen – those engaged directly or indirectly in arming or  Sec. 3 P%#0/"e Ac"* a! O&**#!*
ishing as their source o li#elihood whether paid or unpaid regular  Criminal #iolations o CAR+; ownership or possession in e'cess o 
or seasonal or in ood preparation managing the household caring awarded land< orcible entry or illegal detainer< illegal con#ersion
or the children and other similar acti#ities. sale transer con#eyance o lands outside o urban centers etc.
Ser#ices; -5ual Right to ownership o land< -5ual shares o the
armEs produce< representation in ad#isory or appropriate decision6
ma)ing bodies. Sec. 3+A E9ce"#!
The sale or transer o a mortgaged agricultural land as a result o 
Sec. 3? S-#%" Se%7ce* f#% LO* ban)Es oreclosure is not a criminal #iolation o the CAR+.

ANGELA MARIE A. ALMALBIS