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Paschen's Law and Electrical Discharge: Prepared By: Mohanad Hameed Mahmood
Paschen's Law and Electrical Discharge: Prepared By: Mohanad Hameed Mahmood
Prepared By :
Mohanad Hameed Mahmood
Introduction
Paschen's law Is an equation that
gives the breakdown voltage, that is,
the voltage necessary to start a
discharge or electric arc, between
two electrodes in a gas as a function
of pressure and gap length. It is
named after Friedrich Paschen who
discovered it empirically in 1889.
PASCHEN'S LAW
Paschen studied the breakdown voltage of various
gases between parallel metal plates as the gas
pressure and gap distance were varied:
• With a constant gap length, the voltage necessary to
arc across the gap decreased as the pressure was
reduced and then increased gradually, exceeding its
original value.
• With a constant pressure, the voltage needed to
cause an arc reduced as the gap size was reduced
but only to a point. As the gap was reduced further,
the voltage required to cause an arc began to rise
and again exceeded its original value.
Paschen's Law:
________(2)
And is a function of the ratio
So: ______________(3)
Vs : Breakdown voltage
𝑽𝒔
∴ 𝑬𝒔 = …(4) Sub in (2) and (3) and then sub all in (1)
𝒅𝒔
∴
Then we may write the sparking voltage Vs as a function of p
and d
The main feature of the uniform field is that the field lines
between the electrodes are homogeneous and has a uniform
intensity distribution.
HV
HV
HV
Plane - plane
fig (3): uniform fields
For different electrode shapes (point-plane) the greatest field
intensity occurs on the surface of the electrode of smaller
radius of curvature while the region of minimum intensity is
shifted to the opposite electrode as shown in fig.(4)
HV
Point - plane
fig (4): Non_ uniform fields
When the field is non-uniform then the field in the region
of highest stress may exceed the breakdown strength of the
gas and cause a localized glow discharge known as corona
Note:
The electric field associated with high voltage system are
generally non-uniforms .
Discharge Characteristics in Non-Uniform Fields
1. Negative polarity
• Consider a point - plane gap as shown in the fig(5) with negative high
voltage applied to the point electrode.
• Positive ions formed by the field bombarded the electrodes and release
electrons.
• These electrons produce electron avalanches which sustain the discharge,
leave behind a positive space charge and flow towards the anode.
• They migrate into regions of weaker field they slow down and form negative
ions by attachment.
• The positive ions are withdrawn from the field into point.
• The negative ions rapidly accumulate where the field decreasing and cause
reduction in the field.
• Shortens the effective high field region to such an extent
that electrons cannot be accelerated sufficiently to produce
ionization and the discharge is chocked off.
- HV
Cathode
point
+o
-oe
Anode plane
+Hv
Fig(5):Negative
polarity
2-Positive Polarity: