218ART03 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE AND CULTURE - II LTPC

3003

AIM:
To give an overall understanding of the architecture in India up to the colonial period as parallel and
sequential productions rising from the cumulative effect of forces operating and intersecting in the Indian
subcontinent.

OBJECTIVES:
 To understand Indian architecture as evolving within specific cultural contexts includingaspects of
society, religion, politics and climate
 To gain knowledge of the development of architectural form with reference to technology,style and
character of Hindu architecture in various parts of the country.
 To Understand the Islamic principles, philosophy, & its relevance to various built forms, and the
influence of Islamic architecture on Indian subcontinent. Architecture of various provinces under
sultanate rule.

UNITI EARLY INDIA AND ITS CULTURAL PRODUCTIONS 7HRS

Overview of early history of the Indian subcontinent bringing out different conjectures. Vedic culture,
settlements and architecture through textual and inscriptional sources as well as conjectures. Outline of textual
sources related to architecture and town planning in ancient India.Early Hindu temple architecture - evolution of
temple form - meaning, symbolism, ritual and socialimportance of templeand elements of temple architecture.
Gupta and Chalukyan periods, Tigawa temple - Ladh Khan and Durga temple, Aihole - Papanatha, Virupaksha
temples, Pattadakal- Kailasanatha temple, Ellora.

UNIT II HINDU ARCHITECTURE OF SOUTHERN INDIA 12 HRS

Outline history of South India with particular emphasis on Bhakthi movement and evolution of temple town
urbanism and architecture. Dravidian Order - evolution and form of gopuramArt and architecture under the
Pallavas, Cholas, Pandyas, Nayaks and Vijayanagara kingdom with specific focus on Hindu temple
architecture. Influence of social and political history on them. Hoysala architecture. Study of important
monuments for all the above.
Rock cut productions under Pallavas: Shore temple, Mahabalipuram and Kailasanatha temple,
Kanchipuram. Chola Architecture: Nartamalai, Brihadeeswara, GangaikondaCholapuram and
Darasuram temples -– temple gateways of Madurai and Chidambaram - temple towns: Madurai,
Srirangam and Kanchipuram Hoysala architecture: Belur and Halebid.

UNIT IIIHINDU ARCHITECTURE OF SOUTHERN INDIA 7 HRS

Temple architecture of Gujarat, Orissa, Madhyapradesh and Rajasthan - their salient features Lingaraja Temple,
Bhuvaneswar - Sun temple, Konarak. - Somnatha temple, Gujarat, Surya kund, ModheraKhajuraho,
Madhyapradesh - Dilwara temple, Mt. Abu. Architecture of step wells in Northern India and their socio-cultural
importance.

UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE AND EARLY ISLAMIC

ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA 8 HRS

Brief history of Islam. Islamic architecture of the world as rising from Islam as a socio-cultural and political
phenomenon. Evolution of building types in terms of forms and functions. Principles and characteristics of
Islamic architecture - to include aspects of religion, geometry, structure, materials, decoration, light. Early
political history of Islam in India. Evolution of Islamic architecture under the Delhi Sultanate - Slave,
Khaji,Tughlaq, Sayyid and Lodi dynasties, tombs in Punjab- important examples for each period
UNIT V REGIONAL ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE, MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE 11HRS

Shift of power to the provinces and evolution of regional architecture with their own unique influences:
geographic, cultural, political, etc., - important examples for each region, Gujarat, Bengal, Malwa, Deccan
(Gulbarga, Bidar, Golconda and Bijapur) .
Political History of the Mughals. Evolution of architecture and outline of Mughal cities and gardens under the
Mughal rulers: Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shahjahan, Aurangazeb- study of important examples-
decline of the Mughal Empire.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

OUTCOMES

 The students understood Indian architecture as a response to the political and socio culturalconditions
present in India at different points of time.
 An understanding of the diversity of architecture in India and sensitivity towards its syncretic aspects.
 Ability to appreciate particular cultural, symbolic, spatial and material qualities in architecture and
cities as givers of meaning and continuity
 The architectural responses were understood with respect to technology style and character

REQUIRED READINGS:

1. Percy Brown, “Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Period)”, Taraporevala and Sons,
Bombay, 1983.
2. Satish Grover, “The Architecture of India (Buddhist and Hindu Period)”, Vikas Publishing
Housing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.
3. ChristoperTadgell, “The History of Architecture in India from the Dawn of civilization to the End
of the Raj”, Longmon Group U.K.Ltd., London, 1990.
4. Satish Grover, “Islamic Architecture in India”, CBS Pub, New Delhi, 2002

REFERENCES:

1. George Michell, “The Hindu Temple”, BI Pub., Bombay, 1977.

2. Stella Kramrisch, “The Hindu Temple”, MotilalBanarsidass, 1976.
3. Parameswaranpillai V.R., “Temple culture of south India”, Inter India Publications,
4. George Michell Ed, “Temple Towns of Tamil Nadu”, Marg Pubs, 1995.
5. Raphael D., “Temples of Tamil Nadu Works of Art”, Fast Print Service Pvt Ltd., 1996.
6. R.Nath, “History of Mughal Architecture”, Vols I to III - Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1985.
7. Robert Hillenbrand, “Islamic Architecture- Form, Function and Meaning”, Edinburgh University Press 1994.