SCIENCE AND ISLAM

THE ARABIC TERM ˓ILM (PL. ˓ULUM) REFERS MORE BROADLY TO "KNOWLEDGE" AND ITS

ANTONYM IS CONSIDERED TO BE "IGNORANCE" (JAHL). IN ITS VARIOUS VERBAL
FORMS, ˓ILM IS FOUND FREQUENTLY IN THE QUR˒AN. AT A FAIRLY EARLY DATE,
HOWEVER, THE CONCEPT OF ˓ILM WAS DIFFERENTIATED FROM THAT OF MA˓RIFA. THE
LATTER REFERS TO A FORM OF KNOWLEDGE DERIVED FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE OR
INTUITION, WHEREAS THE FORMER IS CONTINGENT UPON THE OBSERVATION AND
DISCOVERY OF FIRST PRINCIPLES. THIS IS NOT TO SAY, HOWEVER, THAT ALL OF THE
PRIMARY SOURCES MAKE A SHARP DISTINCTION BETWEEN THESE TWO MODES OF
KNOWLEDGE.

SCIENTIFIC FACTS FOUND IN QURAN

i. ORIGIN OF LIFE .
THE FACT THAT LIVING THINGS CONSIST MOSTLY OF WATER WAS DISCOVERED ONLY
AFTER THE INVENTION OF THE MICROSCOPE. IN THE DESERTS OF ARABIA, THE LAST
THING SOMEONE WOULD HAVE GUESSED IS THAT ALL LIFE CAME FROM WATER.

“WE MADE EVERY LIVING THING FROM WATER? WILL THEY NOT BELIEVE?”[QURAN,
21:30]

ii. Embryology.
WE CREATED MAN FROM AN EXTRACT OF CLAY. THEN WE MADE HIM AS A DROP IN A
PLACE OF SETTLEMENT, FIRMLY FIXED. THEN WE MADE THE DROP INTO AN ALAQAH
(LEECH, SUSPENDED THING, AND BLOOD CLOT), THEN WE MADE THE ALAQAH INTO A
MUDGHAH (CHEWED SUBSTANCE)…” (QURAN 23:12-14)
iii. Sky’s protection.
THE SKY PROTECTS THE EARTH FROM THE LETHAL RAYS OF THE SUN. IF THE SKY DID
NOT EXIST THEN THE SUN’S RADIATION WOULD HAVE KILLED OFF ALL LIFE ON
EARTH. IT ALSO ACTS LIKE A BLANKET WRAPPED AROUND THE EARTH, TO PROTECT
IT FROM THE FREEZING COLD OF SPACE.
“WE MADE THE SKY A PROTECTIVE CEILING. AND YET THEY ARE TURNING AWAY
FROM OUR SIGNS!” (QURAN 21:32)

iv. Seas and Oceans.

MODERN SCIENCE HAS DISCOVERED THAT IN THE PLACES WHERE TWO DIFFERENT SEAS
MEET, THERE IS A BARRIER BETWEEN THEM. THIS BARRIER DIVIDES THE TWO SEAS SO
THAT EACH SEA HAS ITS OWN TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, AND DENSITY (1) [PRINCIPLES
OF OCEANOGRAPHY, DAVIS, PP. 92-93] HE HAS SET FREE THE TWO SEAS MEETING
TOGETHER. THERE IS A BARRIER BETWEEN THEM. THEY DO NOT TRANSGRESS. (QURAN,
55:19-20)

v. Sun’s orbit.
THE BELIEF THAT THE SUN IS STATIONARY WAS WIDESPREAD AMONGST ASTRONOMERS
UNTIL THE 20TH CENTURY. IT IS NOW A WELL-ESTABLISHED SCIENTIFIC FACT THAT THE
SUN IS NOT STATIONARY, BUT IS MOVING IN AN ORBIT AROUND THE CENTRE OF OUR
MILKY WAY GALAXY. “IT IS HE WHO CREATED NIGHT AND DAY, THE SUN AND THE
MOON, EACH FLOATING IN ITS ORBIT.”[QURAN, 21:33]

vi. Mountains.
A BOOK TITLED ‘EARTH’ BY GEOPHYSICIST FRANK PRESS (EARTH (ISBN 0716717433) BY
PRESS, FRANK, SIEVER, RAYMOND. W.H. FREEMAN, C1986.) EXPLAINS THAT
MOUNTAINS ARE LIKE STAKE

“DID WE NOT MAKE THE EARTH A RESTING PLACE? AND THE MOUNTAINS AS
STAKES?”[QURAN, 78:6-7] .

vii. Skin pain receptors.

 FOR A LONG TIME IT WAS THOUGHT THAT THE SENSE OF FEELING AND PAIN WAS
DEPENDENT ON THE BRAIN. HOWEVER, IT HAS BEEN DISCOVERED THAT THERE ARE
PAIN RECEPTORS PRESENT IN THE SKIN. WITHOUT THESE PAIN RECEPTORS, A PERSON
WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO FEEL PAIN. WE SHALL SEND THOSE WHO REJECT OUR
REVELATIONS TO THE (HELL) FIRE. WHEN THEIR SKINS HAVE BEEN BURNED AWAY, WE
SHALL REPLACE THEM WITH NEW ONES SO THAT THEY MAY CONTINUE TO FEEL THE
PAIN: GOD IS ALMIGHTY, ALL-WISE.”[QURAN 4:56

viii. Oceans.
“ DARKNESS OUT IN A DEEP OCEAN WHICH IS COVERED BY WAVES, ABOVE WHICH ARE
WAVES, ABOVE WHICH ARE CLOUDS, LAYERS OF DARKNESS, ONE UPON THE OTHER.
WHEN ONE PUTS OUT HIS HAND [THEREIN], HE CAN HARDLY SEE IT. THOSE GOD GIVES
NO LIGHT TO, THEY HAVE NO LIGHT.”[QURAN, 24:40]

ix. HUMAN EMBRONIC DEVELOPMENT.

HUMAN EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, OR HUMAN EMBRYOGENESIS, REFERS TO THE
DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF THE HUMAN EMBRYO. ... THE GENETIC MATERIAL
OF THE SPERM AND EGG THEN COMBINE TO FORM A SINGLE CELL CALLED A ZYGOTE
AND THE GERMINAL STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMENCES

x. EXPANSION OF UNIVERSE.
THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE IS THE INCREASE IN DISTANCE BETWEEN ANY TWO
GIVEN GRAVITATIONALLY UNBOUND PARTS OF THE OBSERVABLE UNIVERSE WITH TIME.
IT IS AN INTRINSIC EXPANSION WHEREBY THE SCALE OF SPACE ITSELF CHANGES. THE
UNIVERSE DOES NOT EXPAND "INTO" ANYTHING AND DOES NOT REQUIRE SPACE TO
EXIST "OUTSIDE" IT
FALL OF ISLAMIC GOLDAN AGE
1. MONGOLS SACKED BAGHDAD.
THE SIEGE OF BAGHDAD, WHICH LASTED FROM JANUARY 29 UNTIL FEBRUARY 10, 1258,
ENTAILED THE INVESTMENT, CAPTURE, AND SACK OF BAGHDAD, THE CAPITAL OF THE
ABBASID CALIPHATE, BY ILKHANATE MONGOL FORCES AND ALLIED TROOPS. THE
MONGOLS WERE UNDER THE COMMAND OF HULAGU KHAN (OR HULEGU KHAN),
BROTHER OF THE KHAGAN MÖNGKE KHAN, WHO HAD INTENDED TO FURTHER EXTEND
HIS RULE INTO MESOPOTAMIA BUT NOT TO DIRECTLY OVERTHROW THE CALIPHATE.
MÖNGKE, HOWEVER, HAD INSTRUCTED HULAGU TO ATTACK BAGHDAD IF THE CALIPH
AL-MUSTA'SIM REFUSED MONGOL DEMANDS FOR HIS CONTINUED SUBMISSION TO THE
KHAGAN AND THE PAYMENT OF TRIBUTE IN THE FORM OF MILITARY SUPPORT FOR
MONGOL FORCES IN PERSIA.

2. MONGOLS WERE PEOPLE FROM CENTRAL ASIA.

THE MONGOL INVASION OF CENTRAL ASIA OCCURRED AFTER THE UNIFICATION OF THE
MONGOL AND TURKIC TRIBES ON THE MONGOLIAN PLATEAU IN 1206. IT WAS FINALLY
COMPLETE WHEN GENGHIS KHAN CONQUERED THE KHWARIZMIAN EMPIRE IN 1221

3. GENGHIS KHAN WAS LEADER.

GENGHIS KHAN (BORN TEMÜJIN, C. 1162 – AUGUST 18, 1227) WAS THE FOUNDER AND
FIRST GREAT KHAN OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE, WHICH BECAME THE LARGEST
CONTIGUOUS EMPIRE IN HISTORY AFTER HIS DEATH. HE CAME TO POWER BY UNITING
MANY OF THE NOMADIC TRIBES OF NORTHEAST ASIA.

BORN: 1162, DELÜÜN BOLDOG

NATIONALITY: MONGOL EMPIRE, HONG KONG

PARTICIPATED: MONGOL CONQUEST OF KHWAREZMIA