Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ứng dụng LED thông minh trong Nông nghiệp và Khoa học Sức khoẻ
Ứng dụng LED thông minh trong Nông nghiệp và Khoa học Sức khoẻ
Intermolecular
Crystal Type Properties Example
forces
Hard, High
Dispersion forces
Melting point, KCl, CaCl2, NaF,
Ionic
Coulomb attractions Poor conductivity MgO, Al2O3
of electricity, heat
Hard, High
Melting point, C(diamond), SiO2,
Covalent Covalent bond
Poor conductivity Si
of electricity, heat
High Melting
point, Poor Na, Ni, Fe, Al, W,
Metallic Metallic bond
conductivity of Cu
electricity, heat
Crystal Lattices are Formed by a Group of Atoms
• Ionic or covalent or metallic bonds can occur to hold atoms together
and form crystals.
Graphite
Hydrogen Atom
Sodium Atom
Formation of Energy Band
Formation of Energy Band
• When atoms are close enough
together so that the split energy
levels form a set of bands of very
closely spaced levels with forbidden
energy gaps between them.
Forward Bias
Solar Cell
Superconductivity
• Superconductivity is a phenomenon
of exactly zero electrical resistance
and expulsion of magnetic fields
occurring in certain materials when
cooled below a characteristic
critical temperature.
Light Emitting Diode
Current Lighting Technologies
Thomas Edison Henry Woodward and the best light bulb in 1874
History of LEDs
First LED – SiC – Round, 1907
Oleg V. Lossev
11
1951 Kurt Lehovec 1958 Otto Folberth
1962 Nick Holonyak
• Kurt Lehovec: p-n electroluminescence
• Otto Folberth: Inventor of GaAsP pn-junction devices
• Nick Holonyak: First coherent (visible) light from GaPAs junctions
13
1989: Blue LEDs
• Blue: The elusive color
• Without blue: No white
• Without blue: No displays (TV and cell phones)
• Isamu Akasaki, Meijo University, Japan; Hiroshi
Amano, Nagoya University, Japan, and Shuji
Nakamura, Nichia Japan
Isamu Akasaki
14
1996: White LEDs
• Japanese Nikkei Newspaper
• September 13, 1996
• “White LED lamp”
• Lifespan 50 000 hrs predicted,
10 x longer than fluorescent
lamps and 100 x longer than
incandescent lamps
è Shuji Nakamura
15
2000: Vision for solid-state lighting
§ Jeffrey Tsao and colleagues of US Sandia Narukawa, 2004
National Laboratories
§ Vision for solid-state lighting:
Very large energy savings are possible by
LED lighting (Solid-state lighting)
Jeff Tsao
17
Current LED Market $33.1B in 2017
Traffic signals
Large Displays Uses Blue, Green,
(Gelcore)
Red LEDs
(NASDAQ)
30
InGaN/GaN Nanowire LEDs
Top-down approach
56
Pictures downloaded from Internet
LED lighting for a comfortable
atmosphere
http://www.gelighting.com/LightingWeb
LED lighting for a comfortable atmosphere
potential
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/application_areas/
LED Applications in Agriculture
Mẫu thử trong điều kiện tố và Mẫu thử trong điều kiện 70%Red + 30%Blue
sử dụng đèn hùynh quang (Neno) và 50%Red + 50%Blue