BA English Par.2 Lec.

5 Notes

1. The Problem of Kashmir

Outline:

1. The beginning and nature of issue

2. The UNO s’ efforts
3. The stance of Pakistan and India on Kashmir
4. The Current situation of the Kashmir problem
5. Abrogation of article 370 and 35 A
6. Threats of Nuclear war between the two countries
7. The ultimate solution of the problem
It was the part of 3rd June 1947 that the state of Kashmir could join India or Pakistan, bearing in
mind the geographical situation, the composition of the people and the wishes of the people.
But the Maharaja of Kashmir made a bond‫ ﻣﻌﺎﮨده‬with India and joined India against the wishes of
the Kashmiris and ignoring‫ ﻧظراﻧدازﮐرﻧﺎ‬the strong geographical‫ ﺟُﻐراﻓﯾﺎﺋﯽ‬situation. A strong
movement started in the valley of Kashmir. India imposed a war on Pakistan. Pakistan forces
almost gained one-third of the area. A cease fire‫ ﺟﻧﮓ ﺑﻧدی‬was imposed in the valley.

India went to the UNO and there passed a resolution‫ ﻗرارداد‬that the decision of Kashmir would
be done through a plebiscite‫ب راﺋﮯ‬ ِ ‫اﺳﺗﺻوا‬. A referendum would decide whether Kashmiris want
to join India or Pakistan. India was well aware of the fact that more than 90 percent Muslims
would like to join Pakistan. So, India showed unwillingness‫ ﻋدم دﻟﭼﺳﭘﯽ‬in plebiscite and made the
valley a military state.‫ﻓوﺟﯽ رﯾﺎﺳت‬

Pakistan and India have fought many big wars over this dispute. India is not giving the right of
self-determination‫ﺣق ﺧود ارادﯾت‬
ِ to the people of Kashmir and committing many atrocities‫ظﻠم‬ ُ on
them. There is a strong human rights violation in Kashmir by India. Now the both countries are
nuclear power. Kashmir cause is a permanent source of tension between Pakistan and India.
Now this war would be different.

In this continent there are three highly powerful and populated countries: Pakistan, India and
China. And all these countries have atomic weapons. As India has dispute of Kashmir with
Pakistan, it has same dispute with China over Ladakh‫ﻟداخ‬.AS Pakistan and India have fought
many wars over Kashmir, same like many wars have been fought between China and India. If a
war breaks now it would destroy the peace of Asia and if there is no peace in Asia, there is no
peace in the world. This war would convert into 3rd world war.
P P
Presently India has abrogated‫ ﺧﺗم ﮐر دﯾﺎ‬article 370 and 35A in Kashmir. Article 370 gives a special
privilege‫ اﻣﺗﯾﺎزی ﺣق‬to the people of Kashmir in maintaining their princely state status with their
own separate flag. Article 35-A says that no Hindu can permanently settle and seek job in
Kashmir nor can buy any property in Kashmir.

It means that now special status of Kashmir has been snatched away. Government of India
would settle‫ ﺑﺳﺎﺋﮯﮔﯽ‬Hindus in Kashmir. Violence would be created and genocide‫ ﻧﺳل ُﮐﺷﯽ‬of
Muslim Kashmiris would start. Hindus would get majority in Kashmir and then a referendum as
per the UNO would be conducted. Indian Government would annex‫ ﻣِﻼ ﻟﯾﻧﺎ‬Kashmir permanently
with India.

This act of India got the attention not only of Pakistan but of the world. At once Security Council
held a session‫ اِﺟﻼس‬and put a pressure on India to avoid atrocities and violence in Kashmir.
Pakistan has cut of its diplomatic and trade with India. Now this issue has got world attention. It
is hoped that it would be resolved soon.
Write an Application to the District Chairman about the Encroachments in the market of the
city

The District Chairman,

Metropolitan Carporation,
Gujranwala.

Subject: Encroachments in the City Markets

Sir,
With due respect, I would like to draw your attention to a very dire problem of our district. I am
going to highlight the problem of encroachments in our district.

The problem is that the shopkeepers are expanding their shops to the roads and the service
roads. They allow the stallers to erect the stalls in front of their shops and take monthly rent
from them. Many peddlers set their small stall on the foot path. The shopkeepers are not aware
of the selling rules as well as the business rules.
The stalls are so large in number that it becomes very difficult to pass and there remains a rush
on the roads of the city. Sometime it becomes very difficult to pass the road. Usually traffic
remains jammed at the main roads of the city due to encroachments. We, as citizens, request
the concerned authorities to take action against these encroachments.

Yours truly,
X.Y.Z.
 Idioms

1. Black sheep ‫ﺑد ﻋﻧوان ﺷﺧص‬

The police department should try to reform all the black sheep in the department.
2. Blow ones’ own trumpet ‫اﭘﻧﺎ راگ اﻻﭘﻧﺎ‬
Where ever he sits, he blows his own trumpet.
3. Blue eyed boy ‫ﭘﺳﻧدﯾده‬
He is a blue eyed boy in this office.
4. Bolt from the blue ‫ﺑﻼﺋﮯ ﻧﺎ ﮔﮩﺎﻧﯽ‬
The news of his loss in the business came as a bolt from the blue for him.
5. Bone of contention ‫ﻓﺳﺎد ﮐﯽ وﺟہ‬
Kashmir problem is a bone of contention between Pakistan and India.
6. Break the ice ‫ﭘﮩل ﮐرﻧﺎ‬
Everyone in the room was sitting silently; he entered and broke the ice.
7. Bridge over ‫ﻗﺎﺑو ﭘﺎﻧﺎ‬
With a lot of courage, you can bridge over your all problems.
8. Broken reed ‫ﻗﺎﺑل اﻋﺗﺑﺎرﺷﺧص‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬
No one trusts on him as he is a broken reed.
9. Build castles in the airs ‫ﺷﯾﺦ ﭼﻠﯽ ﺑﻧﻧﺎ‬
He is in the habit of building castles in the airs.
10. Burn the candle at the both ends ‫ﮨﻠﮑﺎن ﮨوﻧﺎ‬
Usually students burn the candle at the both ends near their examinations.