COMMERCE DEPARTMENT

DPL20023- PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES TRANSPORTATION

( REPORT )
INDUSTRY REVOLUTION 4.0 ERA IN TRANSPORTATION
SESSION: DEC 2019
PROGRAMME: DLS2A
TO : : PN. SHARIPAH KHADIJAH BT. S.HASHIM
GROUP MEMBERS:

NO NAME : MATRIC NO

1 NURAIN SYAZANA BINTI MOHD NISIZAM 10DLS19F1005

2 NURAIN BINTI IDRIS 10DLS19F1007

3 NUR FARHANAH BINTI JOHARI 10DLS19F1009

4 NURINA SYAFIQAH BINTI SHOTIFI 10DLS19F1043

INTRODUCTION

As is the case for most industries, transport sector businesses are facing sustained and
profound change, driven by software disruption and the impacts of new technologies on
supply chains globally, creating a rapid in shift in processes to accommodate the
fundamentals of Industry 4.0.
Although referring to the trend towards automation and digitization of manufacturing, the
practical applications of these technologies are being significantly realized across the
transport & logistics sector. This is driving digitization and integration of vertical and
horizontal value chains, digitization of product and service offerings and the development of
new digital business models and customer access platforms.
Industry 4.0 basics
Four central design principles support all Industry 4.0 system conceptualization:

 Interoperability: the ability of machines, devices, sensors, and people to connect

and communicate with each other via the Internet of Things (IoT).

 Information transparency: contextualized information created via a virtual copy of

the physical world through sensor data.

 Technical assistance: in thought and action. Firstly, the analytical support by system
for humans in making decisions and solving problems; secondly, the ability to assist
humans with tasks that are too challenging or physically dangerous for humans.

 Decentralized decision-making: the ability of cyber-physical systems to make simple

decisions on their own and become as autonomous as possible.
For example :
In the transport industry, applications are being developed and used that can carry out all
the functions that transport management systems costing thousands of pounds used to do
just three or four years ago – but at a fraction of the cost. These apps are already availables
to pretty much any organization with the foresight to use them.
Autonomous vehicles are another major innovation of the 4 th Industrial Revolution. No
longer are they something seen only in sci-fi films- driverless trucks are now being tested on
roads around Europe and in US. Combined with the type of control systems that transport
company Uber has introduced, a clear picture is emerging of how product will increasingly
be moved seamlessly from place to place without human intervention.
There are also examples of companies using small robots for deliveries. Last year Starship
Technologies, a company started by the inventor of Skype, incorporated a company
developing and using small dog-like robots that can deliver products right to the front door.
Already being tested and trialled across the world, they are currently in action in south
London.
Example of 1st industry revolution to 4th industry revolution

 1st Industrial Revolution was all about steam : from steam railways to steam boats, which
enabled longer distances to be covered, with more products moved more quickly and easily.
This transformed the way that people lived, including the structure of rural communities.

 2nd Industrial Revolution brought electricity and communication by wire, creating the
very first just-in-time operations and production lines by the mid-1800s and the first
electric locomotive in 1837.

 3rd Industrial Revolution of the 20th century saw the advent of electronics and IT
with digital processing. World War II brought the invention of the first computer,
although computing only really began to take off during the 1960s. In logistics, this
marked the setting up of the first hubs and spoke operations. The combination of all
these advances fundamentally changed the way that products were shipped and
received.

 Now , 4th Industrial Revolution is all about cyber, physical and artificial intelligence
(AI) technology – and it’s happening now. Just think about the massive impact of
smartphones; the visibility they provide, supported by the development of
increasingly sophisticated applications.
Impacts of Industry Revolution 4.0 Era in Transportation
 ICT in industry have unavoidable
 The roles of transportation cannot be overemphasized
 Optimization in supply chain management
 A productive predictive maintenance / analytics
 Asset tracking and optimization

1. ICT in industry have unavoidable

 During the last decade, the use of Evolution of Information and
Communication Technologies ( ICT ) in industry become unavoidable.The
emergence of the Industry Internet of Things ( IIOT ) promoted new
challenges in logistic domain. This challenges might require technological
changes such as high need for transparency ( supply chain visibility ) ,
integrity control with 6R ( right products, right time, right palce, right
quantity, right quality, right condition and right cost ) in the supply chain.
These evolvements introduce the concept of Logistics 4.0. This is some
reflections regarding the adequate requirements and issues enabling
organizations to be efficient, and fully operational in Logistics 4.0 context.

2. The roles of transportation cannot be overemphasized

 Revolutionary developments in transport have been an essential feature of
the rapid developments in transport growth of the past two decade. As a
result , effort has been made in order to ensure effective and efficient
transportation. In is a rapid changes in economy that is marked by the
general introduction of powered-driven machinery or by an important
change in the prevailing types and methods in the use of such machine.
 For example, In water transport in which the bulk shipment of commodities
began, and it was the development of ocean shipping that was and integral
aspect of die growing economic interpendence of the western world, the
opening up of the undeveloped continents, and the promotion of the
settlement of the “ empty lands.” The declining cost of ocean transportation
was a process of widening the resources base of the western world. The
agriculture of new countries was stimulated and old countries temporarily
depressed , as a result of crop failure reduced, and raw materials
were provided for industrialization.
3. Optimization in supply chain management
 Industry 4.0 solutions give businesses greater insight, control and data
visibility across their entire supply chain. By leveraging supply chain
management capabilities, companies can deliver products and services to
market faster, cheaper and with better quality to gain an advantage over less-
efficient competitors.
 For example , Build a Responsive Supply Chain. Utilize source data such as
POS sales, as well social media information to identify trends and demand
changes much earlier and enable your supply chain to respond faster to
increase sales, improve service levels and reposition inventory to maximize
true benefits. Multi-channel programs will changes expectations from supply
chain forecasting/planning paradigms to building responsive supply chains.

4. A productive predictive maintenance / analytics

     Industry 4.0 gives manufacturing entrepreneurs the ability to predict when
problems may arise before it occur. Without an IOT system In your factory,
preventive maintenance occurs on a regular basis or at a time. It is a manually
performed task. However, with the IOT system, preventive maintenance is
more automated and more consistent. The system is understandable when
problems arise or the machine needs to be fixed and can empower you to
solve problems that may arise before the problems get bigger. Predictive
analytics allows companies to not just ask reactive or proactive questions.
This type of analysis can allow manufacturers to switch from preventive
maintenance to predictive maintenance.
 For example, Predictive maintenance is already used in many areas. It is not
only an attractive tool for the manufacturing industry in general, but also for
all mobility services , whether in aviation, automotive or trains. With the help
of predictive maintenance, the downtimes of wind turbines can be almost
completely eliminated.

5. Asset tracking and optimization

       Industry 4.0 helps manufacturers become more efficient with assets at
every level of the supply chain, enabling them to maintain a better pulse on
logistic-related inventory, quality and optimization opportunities. With IOT in
the factory, workers can show their better assets to the rest of the world.
Standards assets management tasks such as asset transfer, disposal,
reclassification and adjustment can be streamlined and managed centrally
and in real time. The point of studying these use cases is to help them think
about how smart manufacturing can be integrated into organization.
CONCLUSION
Industry 4.0 is definitely having an impact on industry, but also on the transport and
logistics sector in Central and Eastern European economies. As is the case for most
industries, transport sector businesses are facing sustained and profound change, driven by
software disruption and the impacts of new technologies on supply chains globally, creating
a rapid in shift in processes to accommodate the fundamentals of Industry 4.0. Although
referring to the trend towards automation and digitization of manufacturing, the practical
applications of these technologies are being significantly realized across the transport
& logistics sector. This is driving digitization and integration of vertical and horizontal
value chains, digitization of product and service offerings and the development of new
digital business models and customer access platforms.
Although Malaysia has not yet achieved the status of developed countries influenced by
the Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology, the impact is already felt.
For example, Grab's transportation service, which offers cost-effective and easy-to-use
customer service, is a bit costly in the country.