CALCULATION

A. STANDARDIZATION OF THE EDTA SOLUTION

Rough Trial 1 Trial 2

Molarity of EDTA
M1V1 = M2V2 M1V1 = M2V2 M1V1 = M2V2 M1V1 = M2V2
(0.007)(25)= M2(37.4) (0.007)(25)= M2(37.6) (0.007)(25)=M2(35.35)
M2 = 4.679 × 10-3 M M2 = 4.654 × 10-3 M M2 = 4.950 × 10-3 M

Average Molarity of =
EDTA
( 4.679 ×10−3 M ) + ( 4.654 ×10−3 M ) +(4.950 ×10−3 M )
3

= 4.761 × 10-3 M

B. HARDNESS OF WATER

Type of Water Hardness of water

Lab tap water a) M1V1 = M2V2
(4.761 × 10-3)(1.9) = M2(25)
M2 = 3.6184 × 10-4 M

b) ppm CaCO3 =
3.6184 ×10−4 M 2 1 mol CaCO3 100.09 g CaCO 3 1000 mg
× × ×
1L 1mol M 2 1 mol CaCO 3 1g
= 36.22 ppm

Lab distilled water a) M1V1 = M2V2

(4.761 × 10-3)(1.9) = M2(25)
M2 = 3.6184 × 10-4 M

b) ppm CaCO3 =
3.6184 ×10−4 M 2 1 mol CaCO3 100.09 g CaCO 3 1000 mg
× × ×
1L 1mol M 2 1 mol CaCO 3 1g
= 36.22 ppm
Home tap water a) M1V1 = M2V2
(4.761 × 10-3)(1.65) = M2(25)
M2 = 3.1423 × 10-4 M

b) ppm CaCO3 =
3.1423× 10−4 M 2 1 mol CaCO 3 100.09 g CaCO 3 1000 mg
× × ×
1L 1 mol M 2 1mol CaCO 3 1g
= 31.45 ppm

Distilled home tap a) M1V1 = M2V2

water (4.761 × 10-3)(0.20) = M2(25)
M2 = 3.8088 × 10-5 M

b) ppm CaCO3 =
3.8088× 10−5 M 2 1mol CaCO 3 100.09 g CaCO 3 1000 mg
× × ×
1L 1 mol M 2 1 mol CaCO3 1g
= 3.81 ppm

Deionized water a) M1V1 = M2V2

(4.761 × 10-3)(5.8) = M2(25)
M2 = 1.1046 × 10-3 M

b) ppm CaCO3 =
1.1046× 10−3 M 2 1 mol CaCO3 100.09 g CaCO 3 1000 mg
× × ×
1L 1mol M 2 1 mol CaCO 3 1g
= 110.56 ppm

0.1 M NaOH a) M1V1 = M2V2

(4.761 × 10-3)(0.85) = M2(25)
M2 = 1.6187 × 10-4 M

b) ppm CaCO3 =
1.6187× 10−4 M 2 1mol CaCO 3 100.09 g CaCO 3 1000 mg
× × ×
1L 1 mol M 2 1 mol CaCO3 1g
= 16.20 ppm
QUESTIONS

1. Why should the water in the condenser uphill during distillation?

The water flow must be uphill in order to prevent the condenser from getting too hot on its
inner surface. The distillate will escape as vapor from the system if the condenser become too
hot.

2. Compare the hardness between i) lab tap water and lab distilled water ii) home tap
water and home distilled tap water. Did the distillation have a significant effect on the
water hardness? Explain your answer

The hardness between lab tap water and lab distilled water state no difference. The hardness
between home tap water and home distilled tap water state a huge difference value. Yes,
distillation have significant effect on the water hardness as distillation will remove the
impurities in water, hence both distilled water and home distilled tap water as both water does
not have impurities.

3. Water with hardness in the range 0-60 ppm is termed soft, 60-120 ppm medium hard
120-180 ppm hard and above 180 ppm very hard. Classify the water samples that you
analyzed in this experiment.

Water sample Hardness level

Lab tap water Soft
Lab distilled water Soft
Home tap water Soft
Distilled home tap water Soft
Deionized water Hard
0.1 M NaCl Soft
4. Do you think that should be a correlation between conductance and hardness results?
Explain your answer.

Conductivity will consist huge concentration to the water hardness as the concentration of ion
of calcium is easier to measure compared to magnesium ion concentration. The conductivity
combustion due to the sodium were subtracted from the total observed electrolyte
conductivity.

5. Suggest any ways you can think of to improve any part (s) of this experiment.

Conduct at least 3 to 4 times of titration to obtain average volume and to get more precise
results