CALCULATIONS.

PART A. STANDARDISATION OF SODIUM THIOSULPHATE SOLUTION

Find Molarity of Na2S2O3

1. Balancing the Equation

IO33- + I- + 6H+ I2- + 3H2O

2S2O32- + I2 2I- + S4O62-

2. Number of mole of IO3-

Molarity × Volume
Mole=
1000

0.010 ×50.0
Mole=
1000

= 5 × 10-4

1 mole of IO3- = 1 mole of I2-

5 × 10-4 mole IO3- = 5 × 10-4 mole I2-

3. Number of mole of S2O32-

1 mole I2 = 2 mole S2O32-

5 × 10-4 mole I2 = 2 × (5 × 10-4) mole S2O32-

5 × 10-4 mole I2 = 1 × 10-3 mole S2O32-

4. Molarity of S2O32-

Sample 1 Sample 2
Mole Mole
Molarity= Molarity=
1 L Volume 1 L Volume
1× 10−3 1× 10−3
= =
0.0299 0.0297
= 0.0334 M = 0.0337 M

Average molarity of S2O32-

( 0.0334 ) +(0.0337)
= 0.0336 M
2

PART B: ANALYSIS OF BLEACH

1. Balancing equation

𝐶𝑙𝑂− + 2 𝐼 −
+2𝐻 +
→ 𝐼2 + 𝐶𝑙− + 𝐻2O

2S2O32-(aq) + ClO-(aq) + H2O(l) S4O62- (aq) + Cl- (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

2. Mole of S2O22-

Sample 1 Sample 2

Molarity ×Volume
Molarity ×Volume Mole =
Mole = 1000
1000
0.0336 ×4.00
0.0336 ×3.90 =
= 1000
1000
= 1.3104 × 10-4 mole S2O32-
= 1.344 × 10-4 mole S2O32-

2 mole S2O32- = 1 mole ClO- 2 mole S2O32- = 1 mole ClO-

1.3104 × 10-4 mole S2O32- = 6.552 × 10-5 1.344 × 10-4 mole S2O32- = 6.72 × 10-5 mole
mole ClO- ClO-

3. Mole of ClO- in 10 mL aliquot

Sample 1

= 6.552 × 10-5 mole

Sample 2

= 6.72 × 10-5 mole

4. Mole of ClO- in 100mL aliquot

Sample 1

= 6.552 × 10-5 mole

Sample 2

= 6.72 × 10-5 mole

5. Mole of ClO- in 10mL bleach sample

Sample 1

= 6.552 × 10-5 mole × 10

= 6.552 × 10-4 mole

Sample 2

= 6.72 × 10-5 mole × 10

= 6.72 × 10-4 mole

6. Average moles of NaClO in 10 mL bleach sample.

( 6.552× 10−4 )+(6.72 ×10−4 )

2
= 6.636 × 10-4 mole

7. Gram/L of NaClO in bleach

Mass= Mole × Relative Molar Mass

= 6.636 × 10-4 mole × 74.45 g/mole

= 0.0494 g
Gram/L = 0.0494 g ÷ 0.01 L

= 4.94 g/L

8. Mass percent of NaClO in bleach

Mass Solute ( g )
Mass percent= ×100 %
Mass Solution ( g )
0.0494 ( g )
= ×100 %
10.613 ( g )
= 0.47%
9. Mass percent of NaClO from manufacturer label
= 5.25%

10. Percent deviation between experimental and label values

5.25% - 0.47% = 4.78%

PART C: ANALYSIS OF COPPER (II) UNKNOWN

I. Balancing the equation.

2Cu2+ (aq) + 2I- (aq) + 2NaS2O32- (aq) 2CuI(s) + Na2S4O62- (aq)

Sample 1 Sample 2

1. Mole of Molarity ×Volume Molarity ×Volume

Mole = Mole =
Na2S2O32- 1000 1000
0.0336 ×12.60 0.0336 ×12.70
= =
1000 1000
= 4.234 × 10-4 mole = 4.267 × 10-4 mole

2. Mole of Cu2+ 2 mole Cu2+ = 2 mole 2 mole Cu2+ = 2 mole

Na2S2O32- Na2S2O32-
8.468 × 10-4 mole Cu2+ = 8.534 × 10-4 mole Cu2+ = 4.267
4.234 × 10-4 mole Na2S2O32- × 10-4 mole Na2S2O32-

3. Mass of Cu2+
Mass = Mole × Relative Mass = Mole × Relative
Molar Mass Molar Mass
= 8.468 × 10-4 mole × = 8.534 × 10-4 mole ×
63.54 g/mol 63.54 g/mol
= 0.0538 g = 0.0542 g

Average mass of ( 0.0538 g )+ ( 0.0542 g )

Cu2+ 2
= 0.054 g
4. Mass percent
of Copper % Mass = % Mass =
Mass Solute ( g ) Mass Solute ( g )
×100 % ×100 %
Mass Solution ( g ) Mass Solution ( g )
0.0538 ( g ) 0.0542 ( g )
= ×100 % = ×100 %
0.3001 ( g ) 0.3252 ( g )
= 17.93% = 16.67%

5. Average
weight percent ( 17.93 % ) + ( 16.67 % )
of copper in 2
sample
= 17.3%
6. Theoretical mass of copper in compound

Molar mass of Copper = 63.546g/mol

i. Copper (II) acetate monohydrate

Molar mass of Copper

× 100 %
Molar mass of Copper ( II ) acetate monohydrate

63.546 g /mol
× 100 % = 31.81%
199.79 g /mol

ii. Copper (II) chloride dehydrate

Molar mass of Copper

× 100 %
Molar mass of Copper ( II ) chloride dihydrate

63.546 g /mol
× 100 % = 37.28%
170.47 g /mol

iii. Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate

Molar mass of Copper

×100 %
Molar mass of Copper ( II ) sulphate pentahydrate

63.546 g /mol
× 100 %=25.45 %
249.685 g /mol

7. Percent Error

= 25.45% - 17.3%

= 8.15%

8. Name of Unknown Copper (II) unknown

Copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate

9. Chemical Formula

CuSO4.5H2O