An analysis of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s life, career and achievements

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

He was born on 25 Dec 1876 in Karachi, at the time Karachi was the part of Bombay presidency. He was
a barrister politician and the founder of Pakistan. He was the first Governor General of Pakistan. He is
revered in Pakistan as Quaid e Azam and baba I qaum, because he struggled for one country for his
nation. Parents were Jinnah Bhai Poonja and his wife Mithibai. He was born in rented apartment on the
second floor of Wazir Mansion near Karachi. He was the renowned personality even before the Pakistan.
He was given the tittle of Quaid e Azam.

Early Education

Jinnah lived for a time in Bombay with an aunt and may have attended the gokal das tej primary school
there, later on studying at the Cathedral and john common school. In Karachi, he attended the Sindh-
madras Atul-Islam and the Christian missionary society high school. He gained his matriculation from
Bombay university at the high school. At that Matric certificates was awarded by universities

Education in England

In 1892, Sir Frederick Leigh Croft, a business associate of jinnah bhai poonja, offered young Jinnah a
London apprenticeship with his firm, Graham’s shipping and trading company, because Jinnah was very
intelligent. Soon after his arrival in London, Jinnah gave up the business apprenticeship in order to study
law, enraging his father, who had, before his departure, given him enough money to live for three years.
The aspiring Barrister joined Lincoln’s Inn. In 1895, at age 19, he became the youngest Indian to be
called to the bar in England

Legal and Early political career

Barrister

At the age of 20, Jinnah began his practice in Bombay, the only Muslim barrister in the city. His first
three years in the law, from 1897 to 1900 brought him few briefs. His first step towards brighter career
occurred when the acting advocate General of Bombay, John Molesworth Macpherson, invited Jinnah to
work from his chambers, where he was offered salary of 1500rs. After practice when he became capable
he made his own chamber where he charged from Rs 0-500 As a lawyer Jinnah gained fame for his
skilled handling of the 1907 Caucus case. It was a case of fight and violence although his client did not
win but this left a huge impact because Quaid e Azam fought this case very intelligently. He had a
company of famous lawyers, Bal

In 1908, his functional foe in the INC bal Gagadar Tilak, was arrested for sedition. Before tilak,
unsuccessfully represented himself at trial, he engaged in an attempt to secure his release on ball Jinnah
did not succeed, but obtained an acquittal for tilak when he was charged with sedition again in 1916.
One of Jinnah’s fellow barristers from the Bombay high court remembered that Jinnah’s faith in himself
was incredible, he called that on being admonished by a judge with Mr. Jinnah, remember that you are
not addressing a third class magistrate, Jinnah shot back, ‘ My lord, allow me to warn you that you are
not addressing a third class pleader

Trade unionist
Mr. Jinnah was also a supporter of working class causes and an active trade unionist. He was elected
president of All India postal staff union in 1925 whose membership was 70,000. According to All Pakistan
Labor Federations publication” Productive role of trade unions and industrial relations’, being a member
of legislative assembly, Jinnah pleaded forcefully for rights of workers and struggled for getting a “living
wage and fair conditions” for them. He also played an important role in enactment of Trade Union act of
1926 which gave trade union movement legal cover to organize themselves

Rising leader

Jinnah as a staunch supporter of Hindu Muslim and Indian unity started his political career with INC in
1906. Although Jinnah initially opposed separate electorates for Muslims, he used this means to gain his
first elective office in 1909, as Bombay’s Muslim representative on the imperial legislative council. To
bring closer all the Indian communities he even “Bitterly opposed the introduction of separate
electorates in the district boards and municipalities, at the congress session of 1910. At first, he was the
supporter of Hindu Muslim unity and stated that such rules should be made for both Muslim and Hindu
benefits

On the insistence of Syed Wazir Hassan and Mohammad Ali, ‘Jinnah became a member of the league on
October 10,1913” Jinnah was instrumental in persuading the AIML to amend its constitution by adding a
suitable self-government under the British crown. Gandhi had once said of him “He has the true stuff in
him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the ambassador of Hindu Muslim
unity: And to be sure, he did become the architect of Hindu Muslim unity; he was responsible for the
congress-league pact of 1916, known popularly as Lucknow pact- the only pact ever signed between the
two political organizations, the congress and the AIML. In October 1917, he joined the home rule league
founded by Annie Besant to further the cause of attainment of self-rule for India. On the internment on
Annie Besant, he became president of the home rule league of Bombay on 17 th June 1918. He used his
position to organize public meetings throughout the Bombay presidency, mobilized propaganda and
publicity campaigns

Farewell To congress

Relations between Indians and British were strained in 1919 when the imperial legislative council
extended emergency wartime restrictions on civil liberties: Jinnah resigned from it when it did. There
was unrest across India, which worsened after the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in which British
troops fired upon a protest meeting, killing hundreds. Jinnah left inc in 1920

Delhi Proposals, Nehru report and 14 points

The dream of Hindu-Muslim unity seemed collapsing but it was Jinnah who stepped forward and
presented his Delhi Muslim proposals in 1927. For the sake of Hindu Muslim unity, the Muslim league
was ready to forego the demand which was cry of the Muslim India the separate electorate. The Delhi
Muslim proposals “reflected his intentions and revealed his views about Hindu-Muslim unity.’ These
efforts were undone by the Nehru report. Jinnah opposed it tooth and nail. The Nehru report of 1928
made no concession at all, and was rejected by all shades of Muslim unity. In the answer of it Jinnah
gave 14 points

Return to politics:
The early 1930’s saw a resurgence in Indian Muslim nationalism, which came to a head with the Pakistan
declaration. In 1933, Indian Muslims, especially from the united provinces, began to urge Jinnah to
return and take up again his leadership of the Muslim league, an organization which had fallen to
inactivity. Muslims of Bombay elected Jinnah, though then absent in London, as their representative to
the central legislative assembly in October 1934. In 1935 according to the act elections were held and
congress made their ministries, after that Quaid e Azam raised his voice for the Muslim rights because
congress ministries snatched muslim rights From previous notes

Struggle for Pakistan

Khaksar Massacre

From previous notes. After 4 days a meeting was held of AIML

Lahore resolution 1940

There Quaid started the struggle for the attainment of Pakistan. He started talking about their own
country Pakistan

Cripps mission

This mission was sent by British to support them but both parties refused to do this and Gandhi started
the movement of quit India and Jinnah started the movement of divide and quit Cripps mission failed

Gandhi Jinnah talks

Gandhi again tried to persuade Jinnah somehow on united India. But Gandhi Jinnah talks also failed

Winning of elections 1945-46

From previous notes. This winning clearly showed that they only want their own separate homeland

3rd June plan

According to this las viceroy lord mount batten represents a plan for the partition of India and after one-
year Pakistan was founded

These are the political agendas of Jinnah first he opted for reconciliated politics to strengthen Muslims
and when they strengthen, he opted for the resistance politics. He used every agenda in a sensible way
to get the Pakistan