Classification of illuminated manuscript

Insular:
History;
In the period between 650 AD 850 manuscripts were made in Ireland and Angle-Saxon England
It includes Insular styles of script, decoration and methods of making that are distinctive and
diagnostic
The insular artistic style began after the conversion of Ireland by St Patrick in the 4th and 5th
centuries AD. The new religious institutions of Cletic Christianity, mostly organised around
monasteries, ordered the creation of numerous works of art, liturgical objects and Vestments,
and also manuscript
Explanation:
Some individual books are very well known and have been studied in great detail
Three forms of decorations are mainly found in insular manuscripts: ornamated borders, ornate
initials and carpet pages
Well known examples of insular manuscripts are lindsfarne gospel, the book of durrow and the
book of gospel
Around 500 insular manuscripts survive and 75% of these are now in continental European
libraries about 40% in Germany and 10% in France
These manuscripts were produced under Irish influence and Celtic culture, and developed the
late antique practice of enlarging the first letter or initial at the beginning of a text into an
entire page known as a carpet page, which was covered with abstract designs

Ottonian
History;
Henry’s Son Otto I lends his name to the ottonian period
After the decline of carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire was re-established under the
Saxon Ottonian dynasty. From this emerged a renewed faith in the idea of Empire and a
reformed Church
Explanation
Ottonian art takes a number of traditional medieval forms, including elegantly illuminated
manuscripts, lavish metalwork, intricate carving
The ottonianas held mathematical sciences in high regard and this is reflected in many of their
artistic productions
Illuminated manuscripts produced by ottonian ‘scriptoria’
Ottonian manuscripts were influence by Byzantium, featuring the use of burnished gold
backgrounds and large eyed figures in rigid heratic poses
Ottonian art was the result of three major influences: a revival of the northern Carolingian
artistic heritage, a renewed interest in northern Italian art, and a more direct contact
with Byzantine Art
Carolingian:
History:
There was for the first time a thorough attempt in Northern Europe to revive and emulate
classical Mediterranean art forms and styles
Traditional approaches to the study of Carolingian manuscript illumination have tended to
emphasize through stylistic analyses.
The Carolingian style is associate with the court of Charlemagne who set out to revive book
design and production. Manuscripts during this period were made for imperial and aristocratic
use as well as for ecclesiastical use and it was at this time that manuscript production expanded
from the monasteries to secular workshop
The Carolingian Manuscripts owned by de France form one of the richest collection in the world
The manuscripts belonging to the Carolingian rulers were never passed on to their descendents
Explanation
Figurative art from this period is easy to recognize
The development is evident in tracing author potraits in illuminated manuscripts
Manuscripts during this period were made for imperial and aristocratic use
The Old Testament was a popular subject because of its political themes
The artist used distinctive frenzied lines to create the illusion
Romanesque
History
The Romanesque style, which dates from the year 1000, was an international rather than a
national style and examples of Romanesque manuscripts come from a wide geographical area
The manuscripts offer the possibility that could be highly detailed and the pictures were
important
Explanation
The majority of these manuscripts were of a religious nature
They were extremely expensive and the only clerge could afford
These have a distorted and very flat perspective and the feet are turned to the side but the
body is flat similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs
It includes large bibles and commentaries, lives of saints, theoligiacl work etc
One well known example is Winchester bible
Miniature in many cases using intense and eye cashing colors were sometimes wrapped up by
the text or accompanied by Initials or small text
Vivid colors in the figures clothing, contrasting with the simple backgrounds in wich they are
settled, help to get the messages with more effectivity.

Gothic
History
To some extent the decline of Romanesque art and the emergence of the new style of Gothic
art is due in France, as in England, to fresh contact with Byzantine art
Towards the end of the thirteenth century, we see the emergence of the manuscript illuminator
as a distinct artistic personality. More than one reference is made to a Master Honore of the
Rue Boutebrie in Paris
. The rise of universities and cathedral schools led to an increased demand for books of all
kinds.
The Gothic styles dated from 1150 AD
Explanation;
It includes the custom to combine the colorful pintings with texts to contribute to its
understanding
The religious characters start to be represented more natural and realistic

Gothic period books became smaller and more delicate

Illustrations were sometimes combined with borders and marginal sketches
It includes glosses and supplementation

Serif:
• Serifs are considered to be decorative, their appearance may well serve a higher
purpose. Serif typefaces have historically been credited with increasing both the
readability and reading speed of long passages of text
• Five serif fonts are:
• Romana
• ITC clearface
• Plantin
• Ogg
• Noe Display
• History:
Noe Text is a serif typeface designed by Florian Schick and Lauri Toikka of Berlin-based
type foundry Schick Toikka. It was created as the text companion to Noe Display and
features the same distinctive triangular serifs but the design is toned down a bit with
less contrast to work better as a text face. Noe Text is available in five weights with
matching italics
• What makes this particular display face unique is the audacious way its strokes end.
• Large, wedge-shaped serifs come to a sharp point. Arches are capped with prominent
triangular beaks. These features add a certain fierceness to the usual elegance of the
genre, without detracting from its poise and finesse
• Noe Display’s four weights have a nearly constant hairline weight, increasing the overall
contrast as the stems thicken from Regular to Black, offering several degrees of drama
and impact. This is distinguished display type with sparkle and bite
• Noe Display Regular Noe Display Regular Italic Noe Display Medium Noe Display
Medium Italic Noe Display Bold Noe Display Bold Italic Noe Display Black Noe Display
Black Italic
We’re using Noe Display Medium as the voice of Medium on marketing pages and in
places where we encourage users to sign in and upgrade. When set in Noe, these
 messages are eye-catching and clearly set apart from the content of stories so that
readers aren’t confused where an author’s writing ends and the platform begins

San Serif
• Sans letterform is one that does not have extending features Sans-serif fonts tend to have less
stroke width variation than serif fonts. They are often used to convey simplicity and modernity
or minimalism
• Five san-serif fonts are:
• Futura Avenir Proxima Nova Circular Gotham
• History
• Futura is a geometric san-serif typeface designed by Paul Renner and released in 1927. It was
designed as a contribution on the New Frank-Frut project. It is based on geometric shapes,
especially the circle, similar in spirit to the Bahaus design style of the period It was developed as
a typeface by the Bauer type boundary , in competition with Ludwig Mayer’s seminal Erbar
typeface of 1926
• The design of Futura avoids the decorative, eliminating nonessential elements, but makes subtle
departures from pure geometric designs that allow the letterforms to seem balanced.
• This is visible in the apparently almost perfectly round stroke of the o, which is nonetheless
slightly ovoid, and in how the circular strokes of letters like b gently thin as they merge with the
verticals.
Futura light Futura light Oblique Futura Book Futura Book Oblique Futura Medium Futura Medium
Oblique Futura Bold Futura Bold Oblique Futura Extra Bold Futura Extra Bold Oblique
• Futura remains an important typeface family and is used on a daily basis for print and digital
purposes as both a headline and body font. The font is also used extensively in advertisements
and logos