Struggle of Muslim League in Creation of Pakistan

(1940-1947)
Muslim League played a great role in the creation of Pakistan. The purpose reconciliated politics from
1906-1940 was to strengthen the Muslims. So, they can play their effective role

Lahore resolution:
At the 1940 Muslim league conference in Lahore 1940 Jinnah said: Hindus and the Muslims belong to
two different religious philosophies, social customs and literature. At Lahore the Muslim league formally
recommitted itself to creating independent Muslim State including Sindh Punjab Baluchistan the north
west frontier province and Bengal that would be wholly autonomous and sovereign. The resolution
guaranteed protection for non-Muslims religions. The Lahore resolution moved by the sitting chief
minister of Bengal A.K Fazlul huq was adopted on 23 march 1940 and its principles formed the
foundation for Pakistan first constitution. The prominent struggle of Muslim league for the creation of
Pakistan was started in 1940 when Lahore resolution was presented in subcontinent. Lahore resolution
was a key for Muslims to get their separate state. The main reason is the difference of infra structure,
Muslim’s infra structure is based on peace while of Hindu’s is based on class division

Khaksar movement
The motive of Khaksar movement was to gain independence from British and Muslims and Hindus both
remain in India and grow together and both should fight against British. The place which is the center of
this movement was banned the people of this movement did protest on march 19 but British stopped
them but when they did not, they opened fire

Khaksar massacre 1940

On March 19 1940, police opened fire on the Khaksar in Lahore, killing a number of them and wounding
many others. Five days later the All India Muslim League passed the Pakistan and the Khaksar resolution
during its historic session in Lahore. On march 19 a contingent of 3131 Khaksar (from Punjab frontier
and other provinces) dressed in military-style uniform with spades on their shoulder, came out on the
streets of Lahore. They began a peaceful protest march towards bad Shahi Mosque, where they were to
offer prayers. The police’s arbitrary and ruthless firing continued for a considerable length of time. Many
Khaksar lost their lives while a number of others were seriously injured. This happening left an impact in
the strengthening of Muslims

Cripps Mission
The Cripps mission was a failed attempt in late march 1942 by the British government to secure full
Indian cooperation for their efforts in world war 2. The mission was headed by a senior minister sir
Stafford Cripps The Muslim league rejected the Cripps proposal Jinnah argued that proposals were
merely a draft declaration and did not meet the demand for Pakistan sufficiently and preferred a
scheme of united india. At a press conference in April he argued that there was no clear concession for
Pakistan in the proposals and he further expressed concern that the Muslim right to self determination
had been ignored he also expressed criticism for the exclusion of the Muslim league from the later stage
of the negotiation. As well as INC also rejected thisThe prime minister Churchill send the minister
Quit India movement
This movement was started in the response of failure of Cripps mission the quit India movement also
known as the august movement was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India
congress committee by mahatma Gandhi on 8 august 1942 during world war 2 demanding an end to
British rule of India. But British did not want to quit India because they did trade here and hire people in
army

Divide and then quit

On the other hand, the Muslim league advised prime minister Winston Churchill that Great Britain
should divide and then quit
One common thing in this movement was that both the parties now want a relief from British rule

C.R Formula (1944)

Proposals formulated by Chakravarti Rajgopalchari to solve the political deadlock between the All India
Muslim league and the INC on the independence of British India. The league was to endorse the the
Indian demand for independence and to cooperate with the congress. A commission would be
appointed to demarcate the district having a Muslim population in absolute majority
All parties would be allowed to express their stance on the partition and their views before the
plebiscite. In the event of separation, a mutual agreement would be entered into for safeguarding
essential matters such as defense communication and commerce and for other essential services The
transfer of population if any would be absolutely on a voluntary basis. The terms of the binding will be
applicable only in case of full transfer of power by Britain to government of India

Gandhi Jinnah talks of 1944

As the Allies saw more victories, the attitude of British administration towards congress softened.
Moreover, America had been pressing British to meet India’s demand for self-governance. Gandhi and
Jinnah met in September 1944 to ease the deadlock. Gandhi offered the CR Formula as his proposal to
Jinnah. Nevertheless, Gandhi Jannah failed after two weeks of negotiations

Elections (1945-46)
The general elections held in 1945 for the constituent assembly of British India empire the Muslim
league secured and won 425 out of 496 seats reserved for Muslims (and about 89.2% of Muslim votes)
on a policy of creating an independent state of Pakistan, and with an implied threat of secession if this
was not granted. The 1946 election resulted in the Muslim league winning the majority of Muslim votes
and reserved Muslim seats in the central and the provincial assemblies and performing exceptionally
well in Muslim minority provinces such as up and Bihar relative to the Muslim majority province of
Punjab and NWFP thus the 1946 election was effectively a plebiscite where the Indian Muslims were to
vote on the creation of Pakistan , a plebiscite which the Muslim league won. It was a prominent message
for the British and INC that now Muslims will get Pakistan as INC got less votes than AIML. After winning
the elections the AIML started working fast to get their motive and in a year, it also changed the mind of
British. These elections were the result of struggle of AIML since 1906

1946 cabinet mission to India

The cabinet mission came to India aimed to discuss the transfer of powers from the British government
to the Indian leadership with the aim of preserving of India’s unity and granting its independence.
Formulated the initiative of Clement Attlee, the prime minister of the United Kingdom, the mission had
lord Pethick-Lawrence the secretary of states for India sir Stafford Cripps president of the board of trade
and A.V Alexander the first lord of the admiralty. They talked to the major leaders like Jinnah Gandhi
and Nehru, the mission was almost accepted but Nehru showed resistance. According to this AIML gave
its stance as the terms in it for Muslims were also not so strong, and it ultimately led to the separation

The June 3 Plan

The June 3 plan was also known as the Mountbatten (last viceroy of India) plan. The British government
proposed a plan. Announced on June 3 1947 that included these principles

The principle of the partition of British India was accepted by the British government
Successor of governments would be given dominion status
Autonomy and sovereignty to both countries
Can make their own constitution
Princely states were given the right to either join Pakistan or India
Provinces can become a separate nation other than Pakistan or India

Creation Of Pakistan ad muslim majority provinces

Punjab Sindh Baluchistan NWFP Bengal Rohingya Muslims( until they got independence until 1948) Role
of ulemas ( they played an important role in creating Pakistan and supported this motif)