1. Digital supply chain within manufacturing facilities i.e.

smart factory: Embedded data

collection units, using both automatic identification and data collection and radio-frequency
identification (RFID) technologies, can be embedded in most pieces of factory equipment.
The information can be passed from machine to machine (M2M) and handed to a supply
chain control tower for decision making. Intra-logistics within factories includes the use of
driverless vehicles to move materials based on externally-provided information. One of the
most important features of the Smart Factory is the ability to do predictive maintenance.
The use of sensors to identify maintenance needs in advance of potential breakdowns
reduces maintenance costs. (CGI 2017) For example, Microsoft and CGI developed a smart-
sensor based solution for a company that maintains more than 1.2 million elevators
worldwide. Information from the sensors is made available to service technicians and their
supervisors through cloud-based dashboards. predictive maintenance using IoT can reduce
maintenance costs of factory equipment by 10-40 percent and reduce equipment downtime
by up to 50 percent. Similarly, the use of predictive analytics and IoT can have a big impact
on energy maintenance, both by using energy consumption data to detect potential
equipment failures.