REVERSIBLE and IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY

A. Normal kidney tubules

B. Early (reversible) ischemic injury w/ blebs, increased eos, swelling of
some cells
C. Necrosis (irreversible) injury: loss of nuclei, fragmentation of cells
 Kidney Tubule, cellular swelling

NORMAL

CELLULAR
SWELLING

CELLULAR
SWELLING

HPO; tubules with dilated epithelial cells, reduced

*PPT NI DOC laminal size (VACUOLATIONS)
 NECROTIC CELLS
- preserved outlines
w/ loss of nuclei and
infiltrates

NORMAL

A. Coagluative Necrosis
B. Edge of infarct
• localized area of coagulative necrosis is called an INFARCT
LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS

- digestion of dead cells

- tissues becomes liquid
- seen in focal bacterial
or fungal infxn
- may pus daw pero wala
naman dito sa picture
amp robbins
FAT NECROSIS
- white chalky deposits
→ saponification
- result from release of
PANCREATIC LIPASES
- parang mais yummy
- seen in ACUTE
PANCREATITIS
CASEOUS NECROSIS

- TB of the lung
- contains yellow-white
and cheesy appearing
debris
- eden who
FIBRINOID NECROSIS
- artery toh
- wall: bright pink in ur
necrotic area~ (fibrinoid) w/
inflammation ehe
- vascular damage caused by
deposited complexes of
antigens and antibodies
APOPTOSIS
A. epidermal cell apoptosis
B. apoptosis with compacted
chromatin
C. blebbing and apoptotic
bodies, fragmentation,
and activation of caspase
3
 HYPERTROPHY OF UTERUS

A. gravid uterus
B. normal uterine smooth muscle
C. large plumps of cells from gravid uterus (same mgnfctn as b)
ATROPHY

NORMAL ATHEROSCLEROTIC
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
METAPLASIA; columnar → squamous
FATTY LIVER
 FATTY LIVER (Steatosis)
FAT VACUOLES

FAT VACUOLES

PORTAL TRIAD

FAT VACUOLES

*PPT NI DOC
CHOLESTEROLOSIS

Cholesterol-laden
macrophages
PROTEIN REABSORPTION DROPLETS
BROWN ATROPHY

LIPOFUSCIN
GRANULES
(lipochrome)
DYSTROPHIC CALCIFICATION
OF THE AORTIC VALVE

- marked by stenosis
- semilunar cusps are
thickened and fibrotic
LEUKOCYTE INFILTRATES

A. Early (neutrophilic)
infiltrates and
congested blood
vessels
B. Later (mononuclear)
cellular infiltrates
SEROUS INFLAMMATION

serous effusion
FIBRINOUS PERICARDITIS

deposits of fibrin fibrin exudate

pericardial surface
 PURULENT INFLAMMATION

bacterial abscesses abscess contains neutrophils and cellular debris; surrounded by

congested blood vessels

bacterial abscesses

bacterial abscesses
DUODENAL ULCER

chronic duodenal ulcer

duodenal ulcer crater w/ acute inflammatory exudate in the base

 ACUTE INFLAMMATION (lung)
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION (lung) acute bronchopneumonia
destruction of parenchyma; normal alveoli replaced by
spaces lined by cuboidal epithelium

chronic
inflammatory cells

fibrosis
neutrophils fill the alveolar spaces
TUBERCULOUS GRANULOMA
- central necrosis +
multiple Langhans-
type giant cell +
epithelioid cells +
lymphocytes
VENOUS LEG ULCER | ARTERIAL ULCER | DIABETIC ULCER | PRESSURE SORE
 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION AND
ULCER CRATER GRANULATION TISSUE
HYPERTROPHIC SCAR | KELOID | KELOID DIN PERO MICROSCOPIC
LIVER WITH CHRONIC PASSIVE CONGESTION
AND HEMORRHAGIC NECROSIS

NUTMEG LIVER PATTERN CENTRILOBULAR NECROSIS

 THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Punctate petechial hemorrhages of
FATAL INTRACEREBRAL
the colonic mucosa BLEED
MURAL THROMBI

laminated
thrombus

thrombus
LPO; THROMBOSED ARTERY

original lumen is delineated by the

internal elastic lamina
DVT THROMBUS
BONE MARROW EMBOLUS IN PULMONARY
CIRCULATION

hematopoietic
cells

early organizing
thrombus

marrow fat
AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
 URIC ACID: GOUT, OLECRANON BURSA
*most common joint affected in gout: metatarsopharyngeal joint

*PPT NI DOC
 URIC ACID: GOUT, OLECRANON BURSA

inflammatory cells surrounding

area of monosodium the monosodium urate
urate

*PPT NI DOC
 CHOLESTEROL;
Atheroma,
Aorta

*PPT NI DOC
CHOLESTEROL;
Atheroma,
Aorta

*PPT NI DOC
 PIGMENT ACCUMULATION:
Hemosiderin-laden Macrophages in CPC; lungs
*CPC is consequence of left-sided hf

*PPT NI DOC
CALCIUM DEPOSIT:
Monckeberg’s Sclerosis
(Medial Calcinosis /
Medial Calcific
Arteriosclerosis), Uterus
*calcification w/in tunica media

*PPT NI DOC
 INFLAMMATORY CELLS

*PPT NI DOC
 ACUTE INFLAMMATION:
Acute Appendecitis

*PPT NI DOC
 ACUTE INFLAMMATION:
Acute Appendecitis

*PPT NI DOC
 ACUTE INFLAMMATION:
Acute Pyelonephritis

*PPT NI DOC
 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION:
Chronic Pyelonephritis

*PPT NI DOC
 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION:
Chronic Cholecystitis, Gallbladder

*PPT NI DOC
 CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION:
Tuberculosis, Intestine

*PPT NI DOC
 CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS
INFLAMMATION: TB of Lung
- diagnostic cell of
TB granuloma:
epitheloid cells
- epitheloid =
activated
Langhan’s Giant Cells;
horseshoe shape macrophages
- Langhan’s giant
cells = fusion of
activated
macrophages
(thru IFN-y)
*PPT NI DOC
 REPAIR: Liver Cirrhosis

*PPT NI DOC
 CHRONIC CERVICITIS WITH METAPLASIA

Small round dark lymphocytes are seen in the

submucosa + hemorrhage

*GOOGLE
 BARRETT ESOPHAGEUS; Dysplasia

columnar

squamous

*GOOGLE
 ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA

*GOOGLE
 BPH; prostate

*GOOGLE
TATTOO PIGMENT