Remembering Kimberly Haitt: A Casualty of Second Victim Syndrome

Sheena Maireen Saavedra, BSN, R.N. -Updated on January 27, 2019

Accessed from: https://nurseslabs.com/remembering-kimberly-hiatt-casualty-second-victim-syndrome/

Let’s shine a light on the story of Kimberly Sue Hiatt for a moment, a critical care nurse at Seattle Children’s
Hospital, whose untimely suicide in April of 2011 had sparked numerous debates whether the penalty
imposed on her after committing a medication error was justifiable or not.

Her death was a by-product of anguish and the loss of her coping mechanism skills after she accidentally
gave 1.4 grams of Calcium Chloride instead of the calculated 140 mg dose (that’s ten times stronger) to a
critically ill eight-month-old infant on September of 2010. She was noted to be a veteran in the said
hospital with an excellent reputation for 25 years. That was her first medication error as per the
investigation records, and it left her devastated beyond grief.

The hardest part came when the death of the infant happened five days after the incident. She was sacked
from the hospital in a matter of weeks after a period of suspension, which led to a domino effect towards
Kim’s road to Calvary. She was then mandated a four-year probationary period by the state nursing
commission, with an emphasis that she has to be supervised whenever she would give medications to
patients. This and the incident had been contributory factors why she was having a hard time getting a
new job as a nurse. In the end, she committed suicide seven months after.

She was not secretive, however, as she immediately admitted and logged her error in the hospital’s
electronic reporting system the same day of the mistake, saying “I messed up. I’ve been giving CaCl
(Calcium Chloride) for years. I was talking to someone while drawing it up. Miscalculated in my head the
correct mls according to the mg/ml. First med error in 25 years of working here. I am simply sick about it.
Will be more careful in the future.”

It was a known fact that the infant was already weak due to a severe cardiac condition since her birth. It
was also not proven if the medication error could have triggered the cardiac deterioration of the baby.

State investigators disclosed that the child’s fragile condition and poor prognosis would have made it
difficult to prove legally that the overdose caused her death five days later. However, the statement by
cardiologist Dr. Harris P. Baden who treated the baby said that the mistake had “exacerbated cardiac
dysfunction” in the baby which led to her decline.

Kim’s story is just an example of the effects of the “second victim syndrome,” a twin casualty of any
significant medical mistake. The term was coined by Dr. Albert Wu, a professor of health policy and
management at the John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The infant, as well as her nurse, died
in a series of unfortunate events.

The death of Kim highlighted a crucial back-story unbeknownst to everyone: that nurses, as well as doctors,
are greatly affected too when these kinds of incidents happen, and that the impact could lead to such
demise. And Kim is not the only one.

No one is safe, and it could happen to any one of us. It is a paradox of sorts that the nurse would still have
to face the feelings of guilt, blame, inadequacy, and anger towards themselves, when in fact, the nurse
did not intend to harm the patient.
To make matters worse, the nurse becomes a victim of loneliness and rejection from the profession itself.
This is a territory of emotional trauma where nurses are getting scarred deeply for the shame that follows
after committing an error that had led to patient harm. This trauma could break the nurse into an
irreparable mess.

‘To err is human, to forgive is unwarranted’

There are times when members of the medical team, nurses included, would commit a grave error in their
career, and these errors would bring feelings of inadequacy that are more likely to torture them in secret.

It is traumatic to see blood, death, and near-miss tragedy brought about by their hands. It is never a
comfortable life in the medical field. That fact might have haunted Kim on the brink of hopelessness, as
she could not bear the thought that she had contributed to the death of the baby she had vowed to bring
to life.

The ultimate stab at this type of career is when nurses would see how insufficient their training is for this
profession. Just like Kim, a performer in the field with top mark appraisals from her supervisors in Seattle
Children’s, she has not have gained immunity to making mistakes despite having those gleaming
scorecards.

Nurses and doctors would have to expect mistakes to happen along the way, but no one really knows how
to forgive them for that. Taken into consideration Kim’s progress as a staff nurse, her error was proven as
unintentional and not a result of repeated violations of the safety protocols within the hospital. It could
have been a different story if she was already an employee who was hard to handle, but no, she was not.
But she was still kicked out.

“To eliminate them is futile, you will make errors,” said Mary Z. Taylor, a director of patient safety at the
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. “You may think things are safer if you’ve gotten rid
of that person, but that’s not necessarily so,” she added.

Expectations are hurting the nurses

Nurses could suppress emotional pain, maybe because they are assumed to have more hardened skin.
We are expected to be perfect, to commit zero errors no matter what. But Kim’s story goes beyond that,
for it opened up questions that placed the administration in the spotlight for upholding such rigid
guidelines. Why should nurses suffer from such inflexible expectations when mistakes are to be expected
as nurses are human beings too?

It might have been true throughout history with suicides closely linked to on-the-job errors. The
administration managing the nurses might have been lacking ideas for a better solution, or might be
withdrawing support instead, to heal the healers during those times when a traumatic experience would
arise, such as in the aftermath of a serious medical error. And this is not what nurses have envisioned
their profession to be. For Kim who dearly loved her job, losing it was the end of her dream, at which
point, killing herself became her only solution. Kim’s ordeal showed that nurses are most probably
neglected in the end to face the effects of such errors, such as the loss of confidence with themselves in
taking care of patients, the anxiety and fear of committing the same mistake again, and other stressors
when the higher management no longer supports the nurses involved.
The Freedom to Make Mistakes

Nurses had made an oath to “abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous and will not take or
knowingly administer any harmful drug.” It is the stronghold of their ability to care. Commit one single
mistake: an overdosage, a missed medication, a fall incident, and the nurse is forced to face accusatory
eyes. No one in their right minds would wish to do any harm to anyone. All of the good things that nurses
have done to uphold non-maleficence are brought to naught in the long run, as they are no longer
accepted as whole and pure in the profession because of these mistakes.

It is never prudent to say that if you are not up for the challenge, then you’d better leave the profession.
That is just too insensitive. Some nurses are just more unforgiving to themselves for committing such
errors; they are drawn to the negativity of the situation, that it would lead them to do severe damage to
themselves. This had been the case for Kim.

“More often than not, the more idealistic the healer is, the more intense he or she would feel in terms of
depression and trauma and inadequacy,” a nurse from California once said.

Somehow, the honesty and transparency that Kim had portrayed came out as a liability instead. She had
the choice to shut up, but she chose not to. That’s moral fiber, and it remained unappreciated in the end.

A survey of the Washington State Nurses Association (WSNA) in the months after Hiatt’s case identified
that half of the respondents believed their mistake would be held against them. Furthermore, nearly a
third had stated hesitancy in reporting an error or patient safety concern as they are afraid of the harsh
retribution of the higher management awaiting them. There goes the honesty of these nurses in exchange
for the freedom to make mistakes.

Suicide Precaution Goes Beyond Than Just Restraints and Safety Measures

Depression and anxiety attacks are becoming notorious silent killers throughout the land. Ultimately, we
regret when suicides happen out of depression, mainly because of the possibility that we could have
prevented it had we known what’s going on behind the scenes.

According to a January survey of more than 8,000 participants published in the Archives of Surgery,
surgeons who believed had committed medical errors were more likely to have considered suicide. And
while this survey did not include nurses, it is undoubtedly true for them too.

Depression, post-traumatic stress syndrome, sleep disorders, generalized anxiety disorders as we

diagnosed them, but there’s more to it than what we see on the surface. At some point, deep down,
nurses had worked with an idealistic vigor.

Somewhere along the way, that same idealism was making them hard on their selves, as nurses could no
longer live up to their picture of what they should be once they see how imperfect they are. And the lack
of an outside support system for this inherent imperfection is volatile to the nurse, leading them to believe
that he or she is dishonorable.

The fact is, mistakes are universal and inevitable. It is a matter of knowing how to use these errors as
lessons for future prevention. We could only take off all thoughts of what could have been, but for Kim, it
is already a little bit too late.
Making a Brand New Ground

It is best to articulate that mistakes in this profession are, and should be, prevented. But the fact remains
that when our healers cry for help, nobody ever comes.

This is the reason why nurses are more burned out compared to other professions around us. In the end,
nurses tend to leave the profession to gain a sense of relief from the emotional trauma of becoming the
second victim themselves. Maybe it is a vicious world that we are hanging in. Perhaps that is just how it is
supposed to be. But does anybody know how to take care of our nurses too?

For Kim, it is a story with a lesson of missed chances. Had she been given a new opportunity to begin again,
maybe she could be carrying lectures right now in different establishments on the possibilities of nurses
being prone to terrible mistakes? But her being a casualty of the second victim syndrome had been the
medicine for the future administration, and her death had been her strongest message after her cry
remained unheard when she was still alive.