7.

2 GENERAL TOXICOLOGY

 T o xic o lo g y – S tu dy o f ef f ec t o f to xins p ro du c ed b y liv ing o rg a nis ms lik e

ba c teria l & f u nga l to xins
 M a s s Po is o ning – Any p o is o ning extent lea din g to fa ta l/no n - fa ta l o u tco me
o f => 3 vic tims
 M a s s Disa s ter – Any extent lea d ing to f a ta lity o f > = 1 2 vic tims
 AC T S :
o Dru g & C o s metic Ac t [ 1 940]
 P u rp o s e:
 T o reg u la te imp o rt, ma nu fa c tu re, dis tribu tio n & s a le o f
dru g
 T o c o ntra l q ua lity, p u rity & s treng th o f a dru g
o Dru g & C o s metic Ru les [ 1 945 ]
 T h es e ru les divi de d th e dru g s a va ila ble f o r trea tment o f
p a tients into va rio u s s c h edu les :
 S C H E DUL E :
 C  dea ls w ith bio lo g ic a l p ro du c ts
 E  Dea ls w ith p o is o no us s u bs ta nc es
 F  dea ls w ith va c c ines , s era & dia g no s tic s Antig ens
 G  C o nta ins a bo u t 65 dru g s a nd th es e dr u g s ha ve a
la bel o f “ C AUT IO N ” o n th eir pa ck ag ing
 H 
o P res c rip tio n dru g s
o T h es e dru g s h a ve a la bel o f “ WARN IN G ” o n th eir
s trip s
 J  Dis ea s e f o r w h ic h no dru g is to be a dvertis ed.
E xa mp le: H IV /AIDS
 X  C la s s if y dru g s o f Abu s e
o N DP S AC T 1 985 –
 N DP S – Na rc o tic Dru g & P s yc h o tro p ic S u bs tanc es Ac t
 In India f o u r th ing s a re c o ns idered a s na rc otic dru g s :
 C o c a ine/C o c oa lea f [ o bta ined f ro m lea ves of
E ryth ro xy lym c o c a ]
 O p iu m/AFIM

1
  C a nna bis
 P o p p y S tra w [ dry h u s k a f ter o p iu m ha s been
extra c ted]
 N o te: Alc o h o l & N ic o tine a re no t c la s s if ied as N a rc o tic s
 P s yc h o tro p ic S u bs ta nc es  E xa mp le: Amp h eta mines ,
LSD
 P u rp o s e/Aim  to reg u la te c u ltiva tio n, ma nu f a c tu re,
p o s s es s io n, co ns u mp tio n & sa le o f Na rc o tic Dru g s
 If a p ers o n do es s o meth ing o u t of th e p review o f th is
a c t, th en it is a p u nis ha ble o f f enc e & th e p unis h ment
dep en ds o n w h eth er th a t p ers o n h a s s ma ll q u a ntity o r
c o mmerc ia l q ua ntity o f th a t dru g
 Dif f erent p u nis h ment f o r dif f er ent o f f enc es lik e
c u ltiva ting th es e dru g s , s elling th em etc
 G o vernment is no w f o c u s ing o n Reh a bilita tio n o f dru g
u s ers
 T h is a c t p ro vides dif f eren t p u nis h ment f o r dru g u s ers
& dru g p edd ler
 Du t ies o f a Do c to r in a p o is o ning ca s e:
o All p o is o ning c as es to be rep o rted to p o lic e by a Do c to r u nder 3 9
C rP C
o All s a mp les [ E xa mp le: ta blet + nt in p o c k et of vic tim] to be
p res erved. E xa mp le: S a mp les o f G as tric La va g e
N o t to do th e s a me is p u nis ha ble u nder 201 IP C
201 IP C – dis a p p ea ra nc e o f evidenc e is a pu nis h a ble o f f enc e
o If th e do c to r w h o h as trea ted th e p a tient is s u mmo ned by p o lic e,
th e do c to r nee ds to g ive a ll inf o rma tio n req u ired by th e p o lic e
o T w o s c ena rio s o f Do c to r:
 C o nc ea l inf o rma tio n  P u nis ha ble u nder 20 2 IP C
 G ives f a ls e inf o rma tio n  C as e o f p erj u ry def ine d in 1 91 IP C
th a t is g iving fa ls e evidenc e u n der o a th a nd P u nis h a ble u nder
s ec tio n 1 93 IP C
 G en era l ma na g ement o f a P o is o ning ca s e:
o G a s tric L a va g e:
 C a n be do ne in c h ildren b y RY L E ’S tu be
 C a n be do ne in a du lts by f o ll. g a s tric la va g e tu bes =
 E WAL D

2
  BO A’S
 E DL IC H
 L AV AC UAT O R tu be [ bes t tu be]
 Bes t time [ G o lden ti me] f o r do ing g a s tric lava g e is w ith in 1 -3
h o u rs o f c o ns u mp tio n o f po is o n
 P u rp o s e – to remo ve a wa y u na bs orbed p o is o n f ro m s to ma c h
 C o ntra indic a tio ns o f G as tric la vag e:
 Abs o lu te C /I:
o All c o rro s ives exc ep t c a rbo lic a c id bec a u s e a ll
c o rro s ives o th er th a n c a rbo lic a c id lea d to
th inning o f ga s tric wa ll c a us ing p erf o ra tio n of
s to ma c h w a ll
o C a rbo lic a c id lea ds to edema o f ga s tric muc o s a
& ma k es th e s to ma c h wa ll lea th ery th ic k
 Rela tive C / I:
o C O M AT O S E p a tient
o P a tient o n a ntic o nvu ls a nts
o P a tient w ith lo w er es o p h og ea l va rc ies
o Kero s ene c o ns u mp tio n [ co rro s ive ef f ec t]
o H yp o th ermia 
 If temp era tu re o f p ers o n is < 35 ° C
 In h yp o th ermic p a tients th ere is
f o rma tio n o f WIS C H N E WS KY ’S u lc ers o n
g a s tric mu co sa
 T h ing s Ava ila ble to s ta bil is e a C o ma to s e pati ent:
o Y o u ca n g ive C O M A CO C KT AIL in a p o is o ning ca s e o f a c o ma tos e
p a tient w h en yo u do n’t k no w th e na tu re o f th e p o is o n
o It c o ns is ts o f Dextro s e [ co vers h yp o g lyc a emic c o ma ], Na lo xo ne
[ c o vers o p lo id indu c ed c o ma ], B – V ita min B 1 [ T h ia mine] [ o vers
a lc o h o l indu c ed c o ma ]
o Y o u ca n g ive UN IV E RS AL ANT IDO T E tha t is :
 C – Ac tiva ted C h a rc oa l [ to p revent a ds o rp tio n o f to xin]
 M – M g O [a w ea k er ba s e s o it neu tra liz es ac ids ]
 T – Ta nnic a c id [ h elp s in p rec ip ita tio n o f a lka lo ids ]
 C M T  2:1 :1

3
  N o te: C h a rc oa l is o bta ined by des tru c ti ve d i s tilla tio n o f
w o o d & it is ac tiva ted by p a s s ing s tea m th ro u g h it to
inc rea s e its a ds o rp tive c ap a c ity
 H a emo d ia lys is – Ano th er a s p ec t o f trea ting a p o iso ning ca s e
o C /Is o f Ha emo dia lys is :
 Cu – CuSO4
 O il – Kero s ene o il
 B – Ba rbitu ra tes
 O r – O rga no ph o s p ho ru s Co mp o u nds
 D – DIG IT AL IS
 O th er c o c k ta il:
o M o lo to v’s C o c k ta il  P etro l bo mb
o Bro mp to n’s C o ck ta il  C o ns is t o f
 C o c a ine
 C h lo rp ro ma z ine
 M o rp h ine
 Alc o h o l
 P u rp o s e is to redu c e p a in o f termina l ca rc ino ma pa tients