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Beam Deflection and Stress Formula and Calculators

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MONORAIL BEAM ANALYSIS  Engineering Forum
For W­shaped Underhung Monorails Analyzed as Simple­Spans with / without Overhang  Excel App. Downloads
Per AISC 9th Edition ASD Manual and CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004)  Online Books & Manuals 
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  Beam Fy = 36 ksi
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To learn more about how Beam Simple­Span, L = ft.
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6.000 72.80 2.34
Membership. Lifted Load, P = kips A = in.^2 d/Af =
Trolley Weight, Wt = 0.400 kips d = 43.620 in. Ix = 21400.00 in.^4
0.100
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Hoist Weight, Wh = kips tw = 0.865 in. Sx = 983.00 in.^3
Vert. Impact Factor, Vi = 15 % bf = 11.811 in. Iy = 435.00 in.^4
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Horz. Load Factor, HLF = % tf = 1.575 in. Sy = 74.00 in.^3
Total No. Wheels, Nw = 4 k= 2.500 in. J = 40.700 in.^4
Wheel Spacing, S = 0.7500 ft. rt = 2.960 in. Cw = 192000.0 in.^6
Distance on Flange, a = 0.3750 in.
Support Reactions: (with overhang)
Results: RR(max) = 11.46 = Pv*(L+(Lo­S/2))/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L+Lo)^2
RL(min) = 0.90 = ­Pv*(Lo­S/2)/L+w/1000/(2*L)*(L^2­Lo^2)
Parameters and
Coefficients:
Pv = 7.400 kips Pv = P*(1+Vi/100)+Wt+Wh (vertical load)
Pw = 1.850 kips/wheel Pw = Pv/Nw (load per trolley wheel)
Ph = 0.600 kips Ph = HLF*P (horizontal load)
ta = 1.575 in. ta = tf (for W­shape)
 = 0.069  = 2*a/(bf­tw)
Cxo = ­1.963 Cxo = ­2.110+1.977*+0.0076*e^(6.53*)
Cx1 = 0.394 Cx1 = 10.108­7.408*­10.108*e^(­1.364*)
Czo = 0.192 Czo = 0.050­0.580*+0.148*e^(3.015*)
Cz1 = 2.524 Cz1 = 2.230­1.490*+1.390*e^(­18.33*)

Bending Moments for Simple­Span:
x = 8.313 ft. x = 1/2*(L­S/2) (location of max. moments from left end of simple­span)
Mx = 39.03 ft­kips Mx = (Pv/2)/(2*L)*(L­S/2)^2+w/1000*x/2*(L­x)
My = 2.44 ft­kips My = (Ph/2)/(2*L)*(L­S/2)^2

Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Simple­Span: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981)
e = 21.810 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange)
at = 110.521 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi
Mt = 1.04 ft­kips Mt = Ph*e*at/(2*(d­tf))*TANH(L*12/(2*at))/12

X­axis Stresses for Simple­Span:
fbx = 0.48 ksi fbx = Mx/Sx SR = 0.022
Lb/rt = 68.92 Lb/rt = Lb*12/rt
Fbx = 21.60 ksi Fbx = 12000*Cb/(Lb*12*(d/Af)) <= 0.60*Fy
fbx <= Fbx,  O.K.  
(continued)
Y­axis Stresses for Simple­Span:
fby = 0.40 ksi fby = My/Sy
fwns = 0.34 ksi fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress)
fby(total)
= 0.73 ksi fby(total) = fby+fwns
Fby = 27.00 ksi Fby = 0.75*Fy
fby <= Fby,  O.K.  
SR = 0.027
Combined Stress Ratio for Simple­Span:
S.R. = 0.049 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby S.R. <= 1.0,  O.K.  
SR = 0.049
Vertical Deflection for Simple­Span:
Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact)
(max) = 0.0026 in. (max) = Pv/2*(L­S)/2/(24*E*I)*(3*L^2­4*((L­S)/2)^2)+5*w/12000*L^4/(384*E*I)
(ratio) = L/78519 (ratio) = L*12/(max)
(allow) = 0.4533 in. (allow) = L*12/450
Defl.(max) <= Defl.(allow),  O.K.  
SR = 0.006

Bending Moments for Overhang:
Mx = 20.540999999999997ft­kips Mx = (Pv/2)*(Lo+(Lo­S))+w/1000*Lo^2/2
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Mx = 20.540999999999997ft­kips Mx = (Pv/2)*(Lo+(Lo­S))+w/1000*Lo^2/2

My = 1.5750000000000002ft­kips My = (Ph/2)*(Lo+(Lo­S))

Lateral Flange Bending Moment from Torsion for Overhang: (per USS Steel Design Manual, 1981)
e = 21.810 in. e = d/2 (assume horiz. load taken at bot. flange)
at = 110.521 at = SQRT(E*Cw/(J*G)) , E=29000 ksi and G=11200 ksi
Mt = 2.73 ft­kips Mt = Ph*e*at/(d­tf)*TANH(Lo*12/at)/12

X­axis Stresses for Overhang:
fbx = 0.25 ksi fbx = Mx/Sx
Lbo/rt = 46.62 Lbo/rt = Lbo*12/rt
Fbx = 23.76 ksi Fbx = 0.66*Fy
fbx <= Fbx,  O.K.
SR = 0.011
Y­axis Stresses for Overhang:
fby = 0.26 ksi fby = My/Sy
fwns = 0.88 ksi fwns = Mt*12/(Sy/2) (warping normal stress)
fby(total)
= 1.14 ksi fby(total) = fby+fwns
Fby = 27 ksi Fby = 0.75*Fy
fby <= Fby,  O.K.
SR = 0.009
Combined Stress Ratio for Overhang:
S.R. = 0.053 S.R. = fbx/Fbx+fby(total)/Fby
S.R. <= 1.0,  O.K.
SR = 0.053

Vertical Deflection for Overhang: (assuming full design load, Pv without impact, at end of overhang)
Pv = 6.500 kips Pv = P+Wh+Wt (without vertical impact)
(max) = 0.0007216613599742186
in. (max) = Pv*Lo^2*(L+Lo)/(3*E*I)+w/12000*Lo*(4*Lo^2*L­L^3+3*Lo^3)/(24*E*I)
(ratio) = L/49885 (ratio) = Lo*12/(max)
(allow) = 0.0800 in. (allow) = Lo*12/450
Defl.(max) > Defl.(allow)  
SR = 0.009
Bottom Flange Bending (simplified):
be = 9.000 in. Min. of: be = 12*tf  or  S*12 (effective flange bending length)
am = 4.548 in. am = (bf/2­tw/2)­(k­tf) (where: k­tf = radius of fillet)
Mf = 8.414 in.­kips Mf = Pw*am
Sf = 3.721 in.^3 Sf = be*tf^2/6
fb = 2.26 ksi fb = Mf/Sf
Fb = 27.00 ksi Fb = 0.75*Fy
fb <= Fb,  O.K.  
SR = 0.084

Bottom Flange Bending per CMAA Specification No. 74 (2004): (Note: torsion is neglected)

Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 0: (Sign convention: + = tension, ­ = compression)
xo = ­1.46 ksi xo = Cxo*Pw/ta^2
zo = 0.14 ksi zo = Czo*Pw/ta^2

Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 1:
x1 = 0.29 ksi x1 = Cx1*Pw/ta^2
z1 = 1.88 ksi z1 = Cz1*Pw/ta^2

Local Flange Bending Stress @ Point 2:
x2 = 1.46 ksi x2 = ­xo
z2 = ­0.14 ksi z2 = ­zo

Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 0:
z = 0.98 ksi z = fbx+fby+0.75*zo
x = ­1.10 ksi x = 0.75*xo
xz = 0.00 ksi xz = 0 (assumed negligible)
to = 1.80 ksi to = SQRT(x^2+z^2­x*z+3*xz^2)
<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.
SR = 0.076
Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 1:
z = 2.28 ksi z = fbx+fby+0.75*z1
x = 0.22 ksi x = 0.75*x1
xz = 0.00 ksi xz = 0 (assumed negligible)
t1 = 2.18 ksi t1 = SQRT(x^2+z^2­x*z+3*xz^2)
<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.
SR = 0.092
Resultant Biaxial Stress @ Point 2:
z = 0.76 ksi z = fbx+fby+0.75*z2
x = 1.10 ksi x = 0.75*x2
xz = 0.00 ksi xz = 0 (assumed negligible)
t2 = 0.97 ksi t2 = SQRT(x^2+z^2­x*z+3*xz^2)
<= Fb = 0.66*Fy = 23.76 ksi, O.K.
SR = 0.041

Contributed by:

Harsh Murugesen
Pune, Maharasha India

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