Physics Principles With Applications

7th Edition Giancoli Test Bank

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) If the sum of the external forces on an object is zero, then the sum of the external torques on it 1) _______
must also be zero.
A) True B) False

2) If the sum of the external torques on an object is zero, then the sum of the external forces on it 2) _______
must also be zero.
A) True B) False

3) If the sum of both the external torques and the external forces on an object is zero, then the object 3) _______
must be at rest.
A) True B) False

4) If an object remains at rest, then the sum of both the external torques and the external forces on 4) _______
the object must be zero.
A) True B) False

5) When a car is weighed, it is driven slowly on a horizontal floor over a scale that records a 5) _______
reading as the front wheels go over the scale, and then records a second reading as the rear
wheels go over the scale. The weight of the car is equal to
A) the weight under the rear wheels.
B) the sum of the two weights.
C) the difference of the two weights.
D) the average of the two weights.
E) the weight under the front wheels.

6) A croquet mallet balances when suspended from its center of mass, as shown in the left part of 6) _______
the figure. If you cut the mallet into two pieces at its center of mass, as shown in the right part of
the figure, how do the masses of the two pieces compare? (There could be more than one correct
choice.)

A) The piece with the head of the mallet has the greater mass.
B) The masses are equal.
C) The piece with the head of the mallet has the smaller mass.
D) It is impossible to tell.

7) Tensile stress is 7) _______

A) the same as force. B) applied force per cross-sectional area.
C) the strain per unit length. D) the ratio of the change in length.

8) Tensile strain is 8) _______

A) the ratio of the change in length to the original length.
B) the applied force per unit area.
C) the stress per unit area.
D) the ratio of stress to elastic modulus.

9) Which one of the following is an accurate statement? 9) _______

 A) Tensile stress is measured in newtons.
B) The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain is called Young's modulus.
C) Tensile strain is measured in meters.
D) "Strain" has a meaning very close to "force."
E) "Stress" has a meaning very close to "stretch."

10) The graph in the figure shows the tensile stress as a function of the tensile strain in a certain 10) ______
wire. What does the slope of this graph give us for this wire?

A) the pressure in the wire

B) the percent change in the length of the wire
C) the tension in the wire
D) the tensile stress in the wire
E) Young's modulus for the material of the wire

11) A large 75-kg lighting fixture can be hung from wires of identical size and shape made of 11) ______
aluminum, brass, or copper. The values of Young's modulus for these metals are 0.70 × 1011 Pa
(aluminum), 0.91 × 1011 (brass), and 1.1 × 1011 (copper). Which wire would stretch the least
distance?
A) brass B) copper
C) aluminum D) They will all stretch the same distance.

12) A 25-kg piece of equipment can be hung by steel wires of length 1.00 m, 2.00 m, or 3.00 m. If all 12) ______
the wires have the same diameter, which one will stretch the greatest distance?
A) the 2.00-m wire B) the 1.00-m wire
C) the 3.00-m wire D) They will all stretch by the same
distance.

13) A 25-kg piece of equipment can be hung by steel wires of length 1.00 m, 2.00 m, or 3.00 m. If all 13) ______
the wires have the same diameter, which one will stretch the greatest percent?
A) the 1.00-m wire B) the 3.00-m wire
C) the 2.00-m wire D) They will all stretch by the same percent.

14) Two wires are made out of the same metal, but one wire is twice as long as the other wire. Which 14) ______
wire will have the greatest elastic modulus?
A) the shorter wire
B) the longer wire
C) It will be the same for both wires.

15) Which of the following are SI units of Young's modulus? (There could be more than one correct 15) ______
choice.)
A) kg ∙ m/s2 B) kg/m ∙ s2 C) kg ∙ m2/s2 D) kg/m2 E) N/m ∙ s2

16) Two solid spheres are made from the same material, but one has twice the diameter of the other. 16) ______
Which sphere will have the greater bulk modulus?
A) the larger one
 B) the smaller one
C) It will be the same for both spheres.

17) Which one of the following would be expected to have the smallest bulk modulus? 17) ______
A) liquid mercury
B) helium vapor
C) solid uranium
D) solid iron
E) liquid water

18) A piece of iron sinks to the bottom of a lake where the pressure is 21 times what it is at the 18) ______
surface of the lake. Which statement best describes what happens to the volume of that piece of
iron?
A) Its volume increases slightly.
B) There has been no change in the volume of the iron.
C) Its volume becomes 1/21 what it was at the surface.
D) Its volume becomes 21 times greater than at the surface.
E) Its volume decreases slightly.

19) A piece of iron sinks to the bottom of a lake where the pressure is 21 times what it is at the 19) ______
surface. Which statement best describes what happens to the density of that piece of iron?
A) Its density becomes 21 times greater than what it was at the surface.
B) There has been no change in the density of the iron.
C) Its density decreases slightly.
D) Its density increases slightly.
E) Its density becomes 1/21 what it was at the surface.

20) Two blocks are made of the same material, but one has twice the volume of the other block. 20) ______
Which block will have the greater shear modulus?
A) It will be the same for both of them.
B) the smaller one
C) the larger one

21) As one stretches a metal wire, which condition is reached first? 21) ______
A) the elastic limit B) the proportional limit C) the breaking point

22) A 15-kg child is sitting on a playground teeter-totter, 1.5 m from the pivot. What is the 22) ______
magnitude of the minimum force, applied 0.30 m on the other side of the pivot, that is needed to
make the child lift off the ground?
A) 75 N B) 66 N C) 740 N D) 44 N E) 23 N

23) A 15-kg child is sitting on a playground teeter-totter, 1.5 m from the pivot. What is the minimum 23) ______
distance, on the other side of the pivot, such that a 220-N force will make the child lift off the
ground?
A) 9.8 m B) 1.5 m C) 1.0 m D) 2.4 m E) 0.10 m

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
24) An 82-kg painter stands on a long horizontal board 1.55 m from one end. This 27-kg 24) _____________
board is uniform, 5.5 m long, and supported at each end by vertical posts.
(a) What is the magnitude of the total force provided by both posts?
(b) With what force does the post that is closest to the painter push upward on the
board?
 25) An 82-kg diver stands at the edge of a light 5.0-m diving board, which is supported by 25) _____________
two vertical pillars that are 1.6 m apart, as shown in the figure. Find the magnitude and
direction of the force exerted by each pillar.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
26) An irregularly shaped object that is 10 m long is placed with each end on a scale. If the scale on 26) ______
the right reads while the scale on the left reads how far from the left end is the
center of gravity of this object?
A) 7.4 m B) 5.7 m C) 14 m D) 4.3 m

27) A uniform 1200-N piece of medical apparatus that is 3.5 m long is suspended horizontally by 27) ______
two vertical wires at its ends. A small but dense 550-N weight is placed on the apparatus 2.0 m
from one end, as shown in the figure. What are the tensions, A and B, in the two wires?

A) A = 880 N, B = 880 N
B) A = 9000 N, B = 8200 N
C) A = 8200 N, B = 9000 N
D) A = 840 N, B = 910 N
E) A = 910 N, B = 840 N

28) A meter stick balances at the 50.0-cm mark. If a mass of 50.0 g is placed at the 90.0-cm mark, the 28) ______
stick balances at the 61.3-cm mark. What is the mass of the meter stick?
A) 73.4 g B) 32.6 g C) 127 g D) 178 g E) 89.7 g

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
29) As shown in the figure, a uniform rectangular crate 0.40 m wide and 1.0 m tall sits on a 29) _____________
horizontal surface. The crate weighs 460 N, and its center of gravity is at its geometric
center. A horizontal force of magnitude F is applied at a distance h above the floor.
Friction at the floor is great enough to prevent the crate from sliding. If what
minimum value of F is required to make the crate start to tip over?

30) As shown in the figure, a 10.0 m long bar is attached by a frictionless hinge to a wall and uni m and weighs
held horizontal by a light rope that makes an angle θ = 49° with the bar. The bar is for What
distance 30) ___
x from ___
the hinge ___
should a ___
10.0 kg _
mass be
suspend
ed for
the
tension
in the
rope to
be 177
N?

31) A uniform ladder 12 meters long rests against a vertical frictionless wall, as shown in the 31) _____________
figure. The ladder weighs 400 N and makes an angle θ = 51° with the floor. A man
weighing 874 N climbs slowly up the ladder. When he is 78 m from the bottom of the
ladder, it just starts to slip. What is the coefficient of static friction between the floor and
the ladder?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
32) A child is trying to stack two uniform bricks, each 24 cm long, so they will protrude as far as 32) ______
possible over the edge of a table without tipping over, as shown in the figure. What is the
maximum possible overhang distance d?

A) 16 cm B) 12 cm C) 10 cm D) 18 cm E) 14 cm
 33) A uniform 40-N board supports two children weighing 500 N and 350 N. If the support is at the 33) ______
center of the board and the 500-N child is 1.5 m from its center, how far is the 350-N child from
the center?
A) 2.1 m B) 1.5 m C) 1.1 m D) 2.7 m

34) To determine the location of the center of mass (or center of gravity) of a car, the car is driven 34) ______
over a scale on a horizontal floor. When the front wheels are over the scale, the weight recorded
by the scale is 5800 N, and when the rear wheels are over the scale, the scale reads 6500 N. The
distance between the front and rear wheels is measured to be 3.20 m. How far behind the front
wheels is the center of mass located?
A) 1.72 m B) 1.59 m C) 1.50 m D) 1.69 m E) 0.845 m

35) A 120-kg refrigerator that is 2.0 m tall and 85 cm wide has its center of mass at its geometrical 35) ______
center. You are attempting to slide it along the floor by pushing horizontally on the side of the
refrigerator. The coefficient of static friction between the floor and the refrigerator is 0.30.
Depending on where you push, the refrigerator may start to tip over before it starts to slide
along the floor. What is the highest distance above the floor that you can push the refrigerator so
that it will not tip before it begins to slide?
A) 1.6 m B) 0.71 m C) 1.2 m D) 1.0 m E) 1.4 m

36) A uniform rod weighs 40 N and is 1.0 m long. It is hinged to a wall at the left end, and held in a 36) ______
horizontal position at the right end by a vertical string of negligible weight, as shown in the
figure. What is the magnitude of the torque due to the string about a horizontal axis that passes
through the hinge and is perpendicular to the rod? The hinge is very small with negligible
friction.

A) 20 N ∙ m B) 40 N ∙ m C) 5.0 N ∙ m D) 10 N ∙ m E) 30 N ∙ m

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
37) A 10-m uniform beam weighing 100 N is supported by two vertical ropes at its ends. If 37) _____________
a 400-N person sits at a point 2.0 m from the left end of the beam, what is the tension in
each rope?

38) A light board that is 10 m long is supported by two sawhorses, one at one end of the 38) _____________
board and a second at the midpoint. A 40-N weight is placed between the two
sawhorses, 3.0 m from the end and 2.0 m from the center. What magnitude forces do the
sawhorses exert on the board?

39) A light board that is 10 m long is supported by two sawhorses, one at one end of the 39) _____________
board and a second at the midpoint. A 40-N object is placed between the two sawhorses,
3.0 m from the end and 2.0 m from the center. A second object, with a weight of 15 N, is
placed on the supported end. What magnitude forces do the sawhorses exert on the
board?

40) The mobile shown in the figure is perfectly balanced, and the horizontal supports have
insignificant masses. What must be the masses of the suspended objects m1, m2, and m3
to maintain balance?
 40) ___
___
___
___
_

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
41) A mobile is shown in the figure. The horizontal supports have negligible mass. Assume that all 41) ______
the numbers given in the figure are accurate to two significant figures. What mass M is required
to balance the mobile?

A) 60 g B) 90 g C) 36 g D) 30 g E) 18 g

42) An athlete holds a 7.5-kg shot put in his hand with his lower arm horizontal, as shown in the 42) ______
figure. His lower arm has a mass of 2.8 kg and its center of gravity (or center of mass) is 12 cm

from the elbow-joint pivot. How much force must the extensor muscle (which is M in the
figure) in the upper arm exert on the lower arm?

A) 1500 N B) 100 N C) 1000 N D) 500 N

43) A store's sign has a mass of 20 kg and is 3.0 m long. It is uniform, so its center of gravity is at the 43) ______
center of the sign. It is supported horizontally by a small loose bolt attached to the wall at one
end and by a wire at the other end, as shown in the figure. What is the tension in the wire?
 A) 200 N B) 120 N C) 300 N D) 230 N E) 460 N

44) A store's sign has a mass of 20 kg and is 3.0 m long. It is uniform, so its center of gravity is at the 44) ______
center of the sign. It is supported horizontally by a small loose bolt attached to the wall at one
end and by a wire at the other end, as shown in the figure. What is the magnitude of the net force
that the bolt exerts on the sign?

A) 200 N B) 300 N C) 230 N D) 120 N E) 460 N

45) A 40-kg uniform ladder that is 5.0 m long is placed against a smooth wall at a height of h = 4.0 45) ______
m, as shown in the figure. The base of the ladder rests on a rough horizontal surface whose
coefficient of static friction with the ladder is 0.40. An 80-kg bucket is suspended from the top
rung of the ladder, just at the wall. What is the magnitude of the force that the ladder exerts on
the wall?

A) 1100 N B) 980 N C) 740 N D) 900 N E) 1300 N

46) A 100-kg nonuniform boom that is 6.0 m long is loosely pinned at the pivot at P. A 600-kg 46) ______
concrete block is suspended from the end of the boom at A, as shown in the figure. The boom
forms a 30° angle above the horizontal, and is supported by a 4.0-m cable between points D and
B. Point B is 4.0 m from P, and point D is 4.0 m above P. The center of mass of the boom is at
point C, which is 2.0 m from P. Assume that all the quantities shown in the figure are accurate to
two significant figures. What is the tension in the cable connected between points B and D?

A) 6900 N B) 8400 N C) 9300 N D) 8100 N E) 7500 N

47) In the figure, a uniform ladder of weight 200 N and length 10 m leans against a perfectly smooth wal l. A
firefighte 47) ___
r of ___
weight
600 N
climbs a
distance
x up the
ladder.
The
coefficie
nt of
static
friction
between
the
ladder
and the
floor is
0.50.
What is
the
maximu
m value
of x for
which
the
ladder
will not
slip?

A) 6.0 m B) 3.9 m C) 5.0 m D) 8.4 m E) 6.3 m

48) A 3.00-m-long ladder, weighing 200 N, leans against a smooth vertical wall with its base on a 48) ______
horizontal rough floor, a distance of 1.00 m away from the wall. The ladder is not completely
uniform, so its center of gravity is 1.20 m from its base. What force of friction must the floor exert
on the base of the ladder to prevent the ladder from sliding down?
A) 28.3 N B) 93.3 N C) 102 N D) 130 N E) 150 N

49) A 5.00-m-long uniform ladder, weighing 200 N, rests against a smooth vertical wall with its base 49) ______
on a horizontal rough floor, a distance of 1.20 m away from the wall. The coefficient of static
friction between the ladder and the floor is 0.200. How far up the ladder, measured along the
ladder, can a 600-N person climb before the ladder begins to slip?
A) 1.05 m B) 4.56 m C) 1.26 m D) 3.95 m E) 1.50 m
 50) A stepladder consists of two halves that are hinged at the top and connected by a tie rod which 50) ______
keeps the two halves from spreading apart. In this particular instance, the two halves are 2.5 m
long, the tie rod is connected to the center of each half and is 70 cm long. An 800-N person stands
3/5 of the way up the stepladder, as shown in the figure. The ladder is light enough that we can
neglect its weight, and it rests on an extremely smooth floor. What is the tension in the tie rod?
(Note: To solve this problem, it is helpful to imagine cutting the ladder in half vertically and
consider the forces and torques acting on each half of the ladder.)

A) 140 N B) 240 N C) 280 N D) 560 N E) 360 N

51) A 320-g ball and a 400-g ball are attached to the two ends of a string that goes over a pulley with 51) ______
a radius of 8.7 cm. Because of friction in its axle, the pulley does not begin to rotate. What is the
magnitude of the frictional torque at the axle of the pulley if the system remains at rest when the
balls are released?
A) 0.61 N ∙ m
B) 0.068 N ∙ m
C) 0.079 N ∙ m
D) 0.063 N ∙ m
E) 0.00070 N ∙ m

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
52) A 50-kg bucket of concrete is suspended from a steel wire that is 1.0 mm in diameter 1.0 52) _____________
mm and 11.2 m long. What distance will the wire stretch? Young's modulus for steel is
2.0 x 1011 Pa.

53) A 7.0-kg pipe is hung from a steel wire that is 2.5 m long and has a diameter of 0.75 mm. 53) _____________
Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
(a) By what distance does the wire stretch?
(b) If the wire diameter were doubled, what would be the stretch?

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
54) A steel wire, 3.2 m long, has a diameter of 1.2 mm. The wire stretches 1.6 mm when it bears a 54) ______
11
load. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 10 Pa. The mass of the load is closest to
A) 16 kg. B) 12 kg. C) 24 kg. D) 28 kg. E) 20 kg.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
55) An aluminum wire and a steel wire, each of length 2.0 m, are hung from the ceiling. A the attached?
5.0-kg mass is suspended from the lower end of each wire. The aluminum wire has a ma Young's
diameter of 2.2 mm. What must be the diameter of the steel wire if it is to stretch the sse modulus for
same distance as the aluminum wire, so that the two wires maintain equal lengths after s aluminum is
are
0.70 × 55) ___
1011 Pa ___
and for ___
steel it is ___
2.0 × _
1011 Pa.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
56) When a 125-kg piece of equipment is hung from a steel wire of diameter 6.00 mm, it stretches the 56) ______
wire by 4.00 mm. If instead the wire had a diameter of 3.00 mm, but all else were the same, by
what distance would the same equipment stretch the wire?
A) 2.00 mm B) 8.00 mm C) 16.0 mm D) 1.00 mm E) 4.00 mm

57) When a 125-kg piece of equipment is hung from a steel wire of length 75 cm, it stretches the wire 57) ______
by 4.00 mm. If instead the wire had a length of 150 cm, but all else were the same, by what
distance would the same equipment stretch the wire?
A) 8.00 mm B) 16.0 mm C) 4.00 mm D) 1.00 mm E) 2.00 mm

58) A cable is 100-m long and has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 mm2. A 1000-N force is applied to 58) ______
stretch the cable. Young's modulus for the cable is 1.0 × 1011 N/m2. How far does the cable
stretch?
A) 0.10 m B) 0.010 m C) 10 m D) 1.0 m

59) A solid steel column is 4.0 m long and 0.20 m in diameter. Young's modulus for this steel is 2.0 59) ______
× 1011 N/m2. By what distance does the column shrink when a 5000-kg truck is supported by
it?
A) 3.2 × 10-6 m B) 3.1 × 10-5 m C) 7.8 × 10-6 m D) 8.0 × 10-7 m

60) A wire of diameter 0.20 mm stretches by 0.20% when a 6.28-N force is applied to it. What is 60) ______
Young's modulus for this wire?
A) 1.0 × 1011 Pa B) 2.5 × 1010 Pa C) 2.5 × 1012 Pa D) 1.0 ×1012 Pa

61) A 50-kg load is suspended from a steel wire of diameter 1.0 mm and length 11.2 m. By what 61) ______
distance will the wire stretch? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa.
A) 4.5 cm B) 2.5 cm C) 3.5 cm D) 1.5 cm

62) A bridge piling has a cross-sectional area of 1.250 m2 and supports a load of 1875 N. What is 62) ______
the stress on the column?
A) 1875 N/m2 B) 1875 N C) 1500 N/m2 D) 2344 N/m2

63) An aluminum wire 2.0 m long and 2.0 mm in diameter supports a 10.0-kg fixture. What is the 63) ______
stress in the wire? Young's modulus for aluminum is 7.0 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 1.2 × 108 N/m2 B) 6.2 × 107 N/m2 C) 3.1 × 107 N/m2 D) 9.3 × 107 N/m2

64) A brass wire 2.0 m long and 2.0 mm in diameter supports a 10.0-kg fixture. By what distance 64) ______
did this fixture stretch the wire? Young's modulus for brass is 10 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 0.11 mm B) 0.22 mm C) 0.62 mm D) 0.33 mm

65) A vertical 30-cm steel rod, 1.0 cm in diameter, supports a 300-kg mass. What is the change in 65) ______
length of the rod caused by this mass? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
 A) 6.5 × 10-5 m
B) 6.5 × 10-4 m
C) 5.6 × 10-6 m
D) 5.6 × 10-5 m
E) 6.5 × 10-6 m

66) A 50-kg air conditioner is placed on top of a concrete pad that is 20 cm thick and has a 66) ______
cross-sectional area of 3.0 m2. What is the change in thickness of the pad caused by the air
conditioner? Young's modulus for concrete is 2.3 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 2.8 × 10-9 m
B) 1.4 × 10-8 m
C) 1.4 × 10-9 m
D) 1.4 × 10-7 m
E) 2.8 × 10-8 m

67) A 1200-kg car is being raised at a constant speed if 25 cm/s by a crane, using a 20-m long steel 67) ______
cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa. What is the change in
length of the cable caused by the car?
A) 3.3 cm B) 3.3 m C) 6.7 cm D) 3.3 mm E) 6.7 mm

68) A 1200-kg car is being raised with a constant acceleration of 2.53 m/s 2 by a crane, using a 20-m 68) ______
long steel cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter. Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2. What is
the change in length of the cable caused by lifting the car?
A) 4.9 cm B) 4.9 m C) 4.9 mm D) 8.4 mm E) 8.4 cm

69) A piano wire has a radius of 0.50 mm. One end is fixed and the other is wrapped around a 69) ______
tuning peg, which has a diameter of 3.5 mm and is 80 cm away. After the wire just becomes taut,
the peg is given three full turns. What is the tension in the wire? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0
× 1011 N/m2.
A) 9.8 kN B) 6.5 kN C) 4.3 kN D) 3.8 kN E) 8.7 kN

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
70) A wire that is 1.0 mm in diameter and 3.5 m long stretches 3.5 mm when an 8.0-kg tool is 70) _____________
hung from it.
(a) What is Young's modulus for the material from this wire is made?
(b) What is the effective spring constant for the stretching wire?

71) When the pressure applied to an unknown liquid is increased from 1.0 × 107 Pa to 5.5 × 71) _____________
107 Pa, the volume of the liquid decreases by 0.70%. Calculate the bulk modulus of the
liquid.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
72) A 12-L volume of oil is subjected to pressure which produces a volume strain of -3.0 × 10-4. The 72) ______
bulk modulus of the oil is 6.0 × 109 Pa and is independent of the pressure. The reduction in the
volume of the oil in milliliters is closest to
A) 2.0 mL. B) 2.8 mL. C) 2.4 mL. D) 3.6 mL. E) 3.2 mL.

73) A 12-L volume of oil is subjected to pressure which produces a volume strain of -3.0 × 10-4. The pre e of the
bulk modulus of the oil is 6.0 × 109 Pa and is independent of the pressure. The change in the ssur oil in
megapas 73) ___
cals is ___
closest to
A) 2.0 MPa. B) 1.4 MPa. C) 1.6 MPa. D) 1.2 MPa. E) 1.8 MPa.

74) A 5000-N force compresses a steel block by 0.0025 cm. How much force, applied over the same 74) ______
area, would be needed to compress the block by 0.0125 cm?
A) 2,500 N B) 1,000 N C) 25,000 N D) 5,000 N

75) At a depth of 1030 m in Lake Baikal (a fresh water lake in Siberia), the pressure has increased by 75) ______
100 atmospheres (to about 107 N/m2). By what volume has 1.0 m3 of water from the surface of
the lake been compressed if it is forced down to this depth? The bulk modulus of water is 2.3 ×
109 Pa.
A) 2.3 × 10-3 m3 B) 3.3 × 10-3 m3 C) 5.3 × 10-3 m3 D) 4.3 × 10-3 m3

76) A copper sphere that is 10 cm in diameter at an atmospheric pressure of 1.01 × 105 N/m2 is put 76) ______
into a chamber where the pressure is 1.0 × 106 N/m2. What is the change in the diameter of the
sphere caused by this change in pressure? The bulk modulus for copper is 1.4 × 1011 Pa.
A) -7.1 × 10-5 cm
B) -7.1 × 10-4 cm
C) -2.1 × 10-4 cm
D) -7.1 × 10-6 cm
E) -2.1 × 10-5 cm

77) The base of a metal block, which is fixed in place, measures 90 cm by 90 cm, and the height of the 77) ______
block is 60 cm. A force, applied to the upper face and parallel to it, produces a shear strain of
0.0060. The shear modulus of this metal is 3.0 × 1010 Pa. The displacement of the upper face, in
the direction of the applied force is closest to
A) 5.4 mm. B) 3.0 mm. C) 3.6 mm. D) 4.8 mm. E) 4.2 mm.

78) The base of a metal block, which is fixed in place, measures 90 cm by 90 cm, and the height of the 78) ______
block is 60 cm. A force, applied to the upper face and parallel to it, produces a shear strain of
0.0060. The shear modulus of this metal is 3.0 × 1010 Pa. The shear stress on the block in
megapascals is closest to
A) 900 MPa. B) 360 MPa. C) 180 MPa. D) 600 MPa. E) 720 MPa.

79) A shear force of 400 N is applied to one face of an aluminum cube having sides of 30 cm each. 79) ______
What is the resulting displacement of this face of the cube if the opposite face is held fixed? The
shear modulus for aluminum is 2.5 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 8.2 × 10-8 m B) 1.9 × 10-8 m C) 4.4 × 10-8 m D) 5.3 × 10-8 m

80) Opposing shearing forces of 3000 N are applied to the 3.00-cm × 4.00-cm faces of a metal block 80) ______
measuring 3.00 cm × 4.00 cm × 5.00 cm. By what distance does the block become slanted? The
shear modulus for this metal is 8.10 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 5.56 × 10-7 m
B) 9.88 × 10-7 m
C) 6.98 × 10-6 m
D) 3.08 × 10-6 m
E) 1.54 × 10-6 m
81) Opposing shearing forces of 3000 N are applied to the 4.00-cm × 5.00-cm faces of a metal block 81) ______
measuring 3.00 cm × 4.00 cm × 5.00 cm. By what amount does the block become slanted? The
shear modulus for this metal is 8.10 × 1010 N/m2.
A) 3.08 × 10-6 m
B) 5.56 × 10-7 m
C) 1.54 × 10-6 m
D) 6.98 × 10-6 m
E) 9.88 × 10-7 m

82) A 25-kg television set rests on four rubber pads, each one having a height of 1.0 cm and a radius 82) ______
of 0.60 cm. A 200-N horizontal force is applied to the television set. How far does it move
sideways due to the deformation of the rubber pads if the pads do not slide on the floor? The
shear modulus of these rubber pads is 2.6 × 106 Pa.
A) 1.7 mm B) 1.5 mm C) 3.4 mm D) 1.3 mm E) 6.8 mm

83) A 25-kg television set rests on four rubber pads that are on the floor, each one having a height of 83) ______
1.0 cm and a radius of 0.60 cm. A horizontal force is applied to the television set. When the pads
are just at the point of sliding over the floor, how far has the television set moved sideways due
to the deformation of the pads? The coefficient of static friction between the rubber and the floor
is 1.0 and the shear modulus of these rubber pads is 2.6 × 106 Pa.
A) 4.2 mm B) 8.4 mm C) 2.1 mm D) 16 mm E) 1.1 mm
 1) B
2) B
3) B
4) A
5) B
6) A, D
7) B
8) A
9) B
10) E
11) B
12) C
13) D
14) C
15) B
16) C
17) B
18) E
19) D
20) A
21) B
22) C
23) C
24) (a) 1100 N (b) 710 N
25) A: 1.7 kN downward, B: 2.5 kN upward
26) B
27) E
28) C
29) 133 N
30) 10 m
31) 0.49
32) D
33) A
34) D
35) E
36) A
37) 370 N (left rope), 130 N (right rope)
38) 16 N at the end, 24 N at the midpoint
39) 1.0 N at the end, 54 N at the midpoint
40) m1 = 1 g, m2 = 2 g, and m3 = 4 g
41) C
42) C
43) D
44) C
45) C
46) C
47) E
48) A
49) B
50) A
51) B
52) 35 mm
53) (a) 1.9 mm (b) 0.49 mm
54) B
55) 1.3 mm
56) C
57) A
58) D
59) B
60) A
61) C
62) C
63) C
64) C
65) D
66) C
67) E
68) D
69) B
70) (a) 1.0 × 1011 Pa (b) 2.2 × 104 N/m
71) 6.4 × 109 Pa
72) D
73) E
74) C
75) D
76) E
77) C
78) C
79) D
80) E
81) B
82) A
83) C