URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL

MANAGEMENT
LECTURE 20
(Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas)
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 Protecting and improving the urban
environment is fast becoming a necessity
rather than a luxury.
 Rapid urbanization in the developing world is
threatening health, the environment, and
urban productivity.
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 Cities are the powerhouse of economic
growth, with 80% of GDP growth in
developing countries expected to come
from cities in this decade, but
 the environmental implications of such
growth need to be assessed and managed
better. This can be done by:
1. understanding the variability in
urban environmental problems;
2. building on lessons learned; and
3. pursuing a strategic approach.
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 Experience in industrialized and developing
countries shows that institutional,
informational, political, and technical
problems related to urban environmental
management needs to be addressed in a
strategic manner.
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 A planning strategy should involve several
activities:
1. informed consultation
2. the formulation of an integrated urban
environmental management strategy
3. follow-up and consolidation
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 informed consultation during which rapid
assessments are conducted and
environmental issues are clarified, key actors
are drawn in, political commitment is
achieved, and priorities are set through town
meetings and formal consultation.
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 the formulation of an integrated
urban environmental management
strategy that embodies negotiated
issue-specific strategies, long-term
goals and phased targets for
meeting the goals, and agreement
on issues-oriented action plans for
achieving the targets, including the
identification of least-cost project
options, policy reforms, and
institutional strengthening.
 Environmental Strategies
for Urban Areas
 follow-up and consolidation
during which agreed programs
and projects are initiated, policy
reforms and institutional
arrangements are solidified, the
overall process is made routine,
and monitoring and evaluation
procedures are put in place.
 Environmental Planning
 Environmental planning seeks to
improve and protect
environmental quality for urban
residents - both through:
1- controlling the generation of
pollution and
2- segregating activities that are
environmentally incompatible.
 Components of Environmental
Planning
 Effective environmental planning
requires the effective interaction and
overlay between three components:

1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Heartware
 Components of Environmental
Planning

1) Hardware consists of the physical

fabric of a city - infrastructure,
buildings, railway, roads, ports etc.

2) Software consists of sets of rules,

and regulations, laws and
legislation, ordinances, including
habits, ethics, and traditionally
established codes of conduct.
 Components of Environmental
Planning

3) Heartware is an individual's
emotional mechanism, behavior and
conduct, which determines his or
her needs, wants and wishes.

It also determines the process by

which the individual's interaction
with the surrounding environment
takes place.
Three Components of Environmental Planning
Urban Environmental Management
The characteristics of urban
environmental management
 Systematicness
 Activity
 Prediction
 Coordination
 The development of urban
environmental management

Management of urban ecological environment

3 end treatment
of pollution
2
The prevention
& control of
pollution
sources 1

prevention in the first

place, integrating
prevention with control
System frame of urban environmental
management system