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The use of ICT in Sports and Physical Education

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DOI: 10.22271/ed.book.445

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 Advances in
Physical Education
and Sports Sciences
Volume - 1

Chief Editor
Prof. Dr. Sudhira Chandel
Professor, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Co-Editor
Prakhar Rathore
Assistant Professor, Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education,
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

AkiNik Publications
New Delhi
Published By: AkiNik Publications

AkiNik Publications
169, C-11, Sector - 3,
Rohini, Delhi-110085, India
Toll Free (India) – 18001234070
Phone No. – 9711224068, 9911215212
Email – akinikbooks@gmail.com

Chief Editor: Prof. Dr. Sudhira Chandel

The author/publisher has attempted to trace and acknowledge the materials

reproduced in this publication and apologize if permission and
acknowledgements to publish in this form have not been given. If any material
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so that we may rectify
it.

© AkiNik Publications
Publication Year: 2019
Pages: 130
Paperback ISBN: 978-93-5335-810-5
E-Book ISBN: 978-93-5335-811-2
Book DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.445
Price: ` 532/-
 Contents

Chapters Page No.

1. Basic Concept of Maximum Oxygen Consumption 01-12
(Ajay Kumar and Dr. Briender Jhajharia)

2. Equations of One Dimensional Motion 13-21

(Dr. Hem Chandra Joshi)

3. Curriculum Design in Physical Education 23-38

(Dr. Megha Sahu)

4. Isokinetic Machine and It’s Relation to Sports Medicine 39-53

(Mohit Bhisht and Vijay Singh Rawat)

5. Sport Psychology 55-71

(Dr. Jyoti Kataria)

6. Relationship of Selected Motor Fitness Components

Anthropometric Variables with Hundred Meter Sprint
Performance of Inter Collegiate Sprinters 73-84
(Dr. Sudhakara G.)

7. Fasting and its Effects on Human Being 85-98

(Mahendra Singh)

8. Biomechanical Analysis in Sports 99-115

(Dr. Amar Kumar)

9. The use of ICT in Sports and Physical Education 117-130

(Hemantajit Gogoi)
 Chapter - 9
The use of ICT in Sports and Physical Education

Author
Hemantajit Gogoi
Research Scholar, LNIPE, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Page | 117
Page | 118
 Chapter - 9
The use of ICT in Sports and Physical Education
Hemantajit Gogoi

Abstract
Information and communications technology (ICT) describe the variety
of technological tools and resources used to produce, distribute, store and
manage information and knowledge (Majoka, Fazal, & Khan, 2013). In the
modern era, these tools have brought revolutions to training and teaching
methodologies of sports and physical education. Rapid development in ICT
have introduced innovation and increases the effectiveness of training
program. Using these advanced ICT tools, performance level continues to
grow and expected level of performance increases to all time high (Harward,
2016). ICT improves accessibility and expand digital environment to the field
of sports and physical education (Adu & Olatundun, 2013). It not only let a
user to earn knowledge, it also helps to connect and communicate with the
world. It brings changes and reforms to pedagogy of physical education and
sports (Culpan & Bruce, 2007). Therefore, in the current study the researcher
intends to discuss about some of the popularly used ICT tools in the field of
sports and physical education.
Keywords: ICT, information and communications technology, sports and
physical education
Introduction
In the current decade, technology supported training and teaching
methods have brought revolutions to sports training and physical education.
The approach offers innovative and modern way to overcome the usual
limitations and difficulties in traditional training and teaching methods. The
methodological changes can be visible in every part of modern-day training
and teaching in sports and physical education. Now day’s uses of ICT have
significant effect on training program preparation as well as on the outcome
of the training program (Khan, Khan, & Khan, 2011). Modern technology like
sensor based wireless devices, high speed internet, innovative software, video
sharing platform, social networking sites have been highly contributing to the

Page | 119
innovation in sports training as well as to class room teaching (S. & V., 2007).
The easily available technological devices make it easier for the trainer and
coaches to design and planning innovative and effective training programs on
the other hand it also helps the physical educators to prepare effective and
easily understandable teaching lessons. The Rapid development in use of
technology in sports have set the level of performance at height. Using these
advanced technologies and innovative trainings, performance level continues
to grow exponentially in the field of sports and physical education.

Fig 1: ICT tools

(Retrieved from https://lekratiporn.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/ict.png)

The term ICT refers to "Information and Communications Technology"

(Doyle, 2019). It is generally used to describe a wide range of technological
tools and resources used to produce, distribute, store, and manage information.
These technological tools include all kind of computer system, software and
applications and networking elements which together facilitates people to
communicate within the digital world. The objective of ICT is to improve
accessibility and the value of education to the expanding digital environment
and to enhance education quality by contributing to teaching, learning and
real-life operations (Zhu, Yu, & Riezebos, 2016). It has been proved as one of
the potentially powerful tools for pedagogical changes and reforms in sports
training. ICT not only let a user to earn knowledge but also helps the user to
connect and communicate with the world. ICT support, improve and optimize
the delivery of information.

Page | 120
ICT tools for sports and physical education
Now day’s coaches and trainers have many available technical options to
use as ICT tools. The majority of these tools can be easily accessed or
integrated to training program. Here we will discuss about usages of some of
the popular ICT tools in modern day sports training and physical education.
1. Field based ICT tools
These are the kind of ICT tools which are used in on ground/field
situations. One of the major field-based ICT tools is GPS based tracking
devices. Study on GPS based tracking devices itself is a huge chapter. Along
with technological advancement precision of this kind of devices has been
improving. Now days using these devices data can be easily obtained and
analyze for performance improvement (Lynch & Borno, 2018). Dedicated
sports specific GPS based devices have been developed to improve and
monitor the performance of the players (Fox, Scanlan, & Stanton, 2017). Most
of the outdoor activities, like hiking, fishing, paragliding etc. rely on precision
navigation. Using these devices, a player can be tracked irrespective of on land
or in water or in air. Long distance runners use these devices to navigate their
routes. Swimmers use these devices in open water long distance swimming
competitions, where there is a high chance of getting distracted from the actual
path. In team sports like soccer, rugby, kabaddi, hockey etc. multiple GPS
devices are used to track every team member throughout the whole training
sessions or even in match situations. In every outdoor racing sport, GPS is a
mandatory device to be attached with the player. It helps the officials to keep
track of the players as well as for the players, it helps to track their route and
progresses.

Fig 2: GPS device

(Retrieved from
https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/411BkNypPHL.jpg)

Wearable sensor-based devices are another kind of field-based ICT tool.

This kind of devices are made up of various types of sensors. Some of them

Page | 121
are only specific and confined to a single sensor and some of them are
combination of multiple sensors. Different sensors have different purposes
and according to that they help to acquire data. These sensor-based devices
can be easily attached to human body using a belt or a strip. Pedometers are
such sensor-based devices which can count the number of steps you take. It
can also detect your running pattern or the distance you have travelled. Heart
rate monitors are another such sensor-based device whose purpose is to sense
or detect heart rate.

Fig 3: Wearable sensor-based device

(Retrieved from
https://www.wearable-technologies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Elderly-fall-
risk-1.png)
Use of video camera is the best method to record performance of the
players on the field. The recorded video can be broadcasted live or uploaded
later on. The same video can also be used for match and performance analysis.
Recent advanced technology used high-tech video recorder to record any
performance and can directly convert them to three-dimensional data using
high level software.

Fig 4: Video camera

(Retrieved from
https://www.incredible.co.za/canon-legria-hf-r806-black-video)

Page | 122
 In top level competitions, the necessity of precision in officiating is of
utmost importance. Various technologies have been recently developed to
fulfill this requirement. In cricket hot spot technology is used to gain
information and make precise decision. In football goal line technology is used
to detect when the ball crosses the goal line. In sports like badminton and lawn
tennis, hawk-eye technology is used to make correct decision.

Fig 5: Goal-line technology in football

(Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Goal_Line_Technology_Diagram.png)

Fig 6: Hawk-Eye in badminton

(Retrieved from
https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-6965a66df3123bfce7527c86888552dd.webp)

Page | 123
2. Laboratory based ICT tools
Laboratory based ICT tools can’t be used in real game or match situations.
They have to be set up permanently is laboratory based controlled
environment. Most of the sports research tool falls under this category.
Pressure plate and force plate are good example of such kind of ICT tools.
Wired EMG devices are also considered as laboratory-based ICT devices.
Some three-dimensional analysis kits are also immovable and once they are
set up inside a laboratory, sports actions have to be performed under it’s
control condition. Such kind of devices which are needed to be set up in
laboratory only, are called as laboratory-based ICT tools.

Fig 7: Force platform

(Retrieved from https://www.amti.biz/images/0R6-7-forces-diagram.jpg)

Fig 8: 3D gait analysis system

(Retrieved from
https://cdn-content.qualisys.com/2014/01/setup-incline-wide.jpg)

3. Classroom based ICT tools

Classroom based ICT tools for sports training or physical education are
similar to the tools used in real classroom set up. Computer/laptop projector
is an important tool in this set up. Apart from it, various community based
social tool like Google Classroom, Socrative, Khan Academy etc. are also part

Page | 124
of classroom-based ICT tools. Various screen sharing tools like Skype, Team
Viewer, Display Note etc. can share exactly the same as it displays on one’s
screen. Multiple users from different locations can view one’s screen at the
same time and can learn without being present physically.

Fig 9: Classroom based ICT tools

(Retrieved from
https://www.ictesolutions.com.au/media/1067/generic.jpg?anchor
=center&mode=crop&width=750&height=305&rnd=131806193940000000)

4. Software and applications

Software is set of instructions which tells the computer what to do once
instructed. There are various kind of software and applications available in the
market. The usages of software and applications in sports and physical
education can further be classified according to their performed task. Most of
the biomechanical analysis software are integrated with number of video
cameras. Some of this software are manual in nature and some of them are
automatic. Three-dimensional biomechanical analysis software are much
more complicated compared to the two-dimensional analysis software.

Fig 10: 3D biomechanics analysis software

(Retrieved from http://www2.c-motion.com/images/products/v6sig.png)

Page | 125
 Match analysis software are another important component of sports
training tool in the recent times. Recorded video can be analyzed in post-match
condition or in live situations. Live feedback and report of analysis can be
explained to the players even in ongoing match situations. Now days, these
match analysis software are very important to achieve desired goal for most
of the team games or sports.

Fig 11: Match analysis software

(Retrieved from
http://www.simi.com/en/applications/sport/match-and-tactical-analysis.html)
Another important software type is tournament management software.
These kinds of software are mainly used to manage tournaments. Tournament
planner is a popular and widely used tournament management software.

Page | 126
 Fig 12: Tournament management software
(Retrieved from
https://content.tournamentsoftware.com/images/product/18_2016020209514805.png)
5. Multimedia files and documents sharing platforms
It is not easy for a trainer or a teacher to repeat everything for everybody.
Neither it is possible for him to deliver his lecture or training physically to
every location. Here the multimedia and document sharing platform comes in
handy. Multimedia and document sharing platforms let a user to share
different kind of files to his audiences. Google drive, Dropbox, Microsoft one
drive are some of the popular file sharing platforms.

Fig 13: Google drive (File sharing platform)

(Retrieved from
https://www.vpm-net.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/google-drive.png)
6. Professional development platform
Most new skills, tools and resources become obsolete by the time they
reach to their professional environment. Therefore, professional development

Page | 127
platforms are very much essential to keep everybody updated about the new
skills, tools and resources. Google scholar, ResearchGate, Academia etc. are
some of the popularly use professional development platform.

Fig 14: Research Gate home page

(Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net)
Conclusion
ICT based training methods have brought revolution to sports training.
The revolution can be easily observed and recognized in modern training
programs, training strategies, assessment strategies and in the way of
relationship between trainer and trainees. Use of ICT makes it possible to
bring the science of sports to the ground and is helping to connect physical
activities with mental activities (50 Innovative Teaching Methods in Science,
2019). ICT is not only helping the sports persons in practical field, but also
help to educate them in theoretical works. It helps players to better understand
their own body (Playing, And Even Watching, Sports Improves Brain
Function, 2008). ICT brings motivation and enthusiasm to sports person’s
mind and is helping to convert the dull and boring training sessions into
attractive and interesting one. It is found as one of the most effective ways for
overall development of sports person. ICT helps the trainers to easily collect
and store training related data. Players can easily access their database and can
see their progress report. Based on the stored and recorded data, prediction
and hypothesis can be formulated relating to performance of that sports person
(Lamsal & Choudhary, 2018). Using ICT players can get live feedback of their
performance on the ground itself. They can analyze their performance using
available software and applications and appropriate remedial can be taken for
wrong technique or tactics. There are many advantages of using ICT in the
field of sports training but the primary advantage remains the general
improvement in performance and it can only be achieved by applying ICT in
an innovative way.

Page | 128
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