Introduction to ICT

Introduction- Understanding ICT

The term information technology (IT) was first used in the early 1980s to indicate the
convergence of computer technology and communication technology. In the 1990s the term
information and communication technology (ICT) was more widely used to replace IT which
is to give a greater emphasis on communication aspect. Information and communication
technology (ICTs) are the technologies used in the conveying, manipulation and storage of
data by electronic means. Information is data that has been stored and arranged. It consist of
organized facts and opinions people receive during daily life. Changing data into information
is called data processing or information processing. It involves gathering, organizing and
reporting data. So it is useful to people. It is often done using information technology.

ICT Definitions

Information Technology is an organization’s collection of information resources, their

users and the management that oversees them; includes the IT infrastructure and all other
information systems in the organization.

(Turban et al)

ICT refers to diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate
and to create, disseminate, store and manage information.

(Blurton)

Need and importance of information and communication technology (ICT)

⮚ Education is a lifelong process, therefore anytime anywhere access to it is the need.

⮚ Information explosion is an ever increasing phenomena therefore there is need to get
access to this information.
⮚ Education should meet the needs of variety of leaners and therefore ICT is important
in meeting this need.
⮚ It is a requirement of the society that the individual should possess technological
literacy.
⮚ We need to increase access and bring down the cost of education to meet the
challenges of illiteracy and poverty.
 ⮚ ICT as a tool to innovate teaching-learning practice via internet. (i.e digital content,
multimedia, teaching-learning methods, learning environment.)
⮚ ICT as an administrative tool. (i.e education management information systems-EMIS)
⮚ ICT as an expanding learning opportunity (i.e distance learning, E learning).
⮚ Speed and automatic functions of ICT can enable teachers to demonstrate, explain
aspects of their teaching and students learning more effectively. For eg: use of a
spread sheet to perform calculations in order that patterns can be concentrated on
rather than the calculating.
⮚ The capacity and range of ICT can enable teachers and students to access historical,
resent information immediately.
⮚ Enhance enquiry skills.

Importance

⮚ Access to variety of learning resources.

⮚ Immediacy to information.
⮚ Anytime learning and anywhere learning.
⮚ Collaborative learning.
⮚ Multimedia approach to education.
⮚ Authentic and up to date information
⮚ Access to online libraries.
⮚ Educational data storage
⮚ Access to the source of information.
⮚ Multiple communication channels, such as E-mail, chat, forum, blogs etc...
⮚ Reduce time on many routine task.
⮚ Downloading and uploading any information.

Application of computer in physical education

The creation of the modern computer has changed the face of the planet. Today there
are more devices fitted with a microchip than there are human beings. A computer is a
programmable machine. A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or
data. Students can observe and listen to the mechanics of movements in slow motion and
learn effectively with the help of computer. Using the internet one can update the recent
technological improvement in sports training, changes in rules, to download the rules from
the internet authorities, to do research and so on. Computers are highly useful in making wide
tasks and projects including budgeting, financial statements, calculations and scheduling in
physical education programs. Using computers not only enhances the quality of
documentation, but also saves time and operational expenses for sport organizations.

At last it is to be said that computer has become a part and parcel of entire physical
education and sports environment, other than the area of broadcasting and televising sports
events. Application of computers in the field of Research, Motor learning, Exercise
physiology, Fitness prescription, Body composition, Bio-mechanics, Sports psychology helps
the physical education teachers and sports trainers to make the teaching as well as coaching
more interesting and also enhance the level of sports performance. Computer application in
sports produces perfection in results and also save time. There is no chance of faulty in
results of sports events as it bears fair and accurate judgment. So there is a need to learn and
become familiar with computer, who is connected with sports and physical education.

Using the true technological devices the teacher can record video clips of some physical
skills and movements or can download such clips to his computer and then let the students
access these videos through a web site. Physical education teachers can introduce the best
players of a sport through technological devices. Moreover he can record one of the best
students’ serve or tourniquet and then explain these technics to the classroom showing their
videos. In this way the students will participate to the subject easier and the excitement of
learning will be increased.

1. Application of computers in research

⮚ Literature searching
⮚ Test administration
⮚ Data analysis
⮚ Result analysis
⮚ General assist
2. Application of computers in motor learning and control.
⮚ Reaction and Movement time
⮚ Time- on -target scores
⮚ Movement distance and location
⮚ Neuromuscular Neuro-Physiological variable
⮚ Software application
3. Application in the field of exercise physiology Exercise physiology research.
 ⮚ Computer helps to monitor minute by minute changes in lactic acid levels in
muscular tissue.
⮚ To determine the blood pressure, heart rate, pulse rate, analog to digital
converter is used by installing it into the computer.
⮚ Multiple measures can be recorded simultaneously from subjects.
⮚ It is also used to calculate the body fat percentage based on skin fold.
4. Using computers in measuring variables Determination of maximum oxygen
consumption.
⮚ Maximum oxygen consumption is the best indicator of cardiovascular fitness.
⮚ This procedure is used to read gas analyzers and calculate percentage of the
relevant gases and to read the volume meters for flow rates.
⮚ Auxiliary function may occupy a waste of space, time, etc. while using the
computer keyboard alone does the same function rapidly including the
barometric pressure determination.
5. Fitness prescription
⮚ The fitness professional may prescribe the fitness program with the
commercially available software which helps to accomplish the task quickly.
⮚ After installing the software program to the system, the result of the physical
fitness test of subjects may be entered into the system and compared with the
program.
⮚ Then the appropriate exercise shall be fixed according to the individual’s
result.
6. Body composition
⮚ Body composition software program is designed for use in health
enhancement programmers offered through medical clinics.
⮚ It allows entry of demographic information and also provides selection of
body composition methods.
7. Application in the field of bio-mechanics
⮚ Teaching aids
⮚ Film analysis
⮚ Force measurement
⮚ Force plates
⮚ Using computers with Isokinetic dynameters
8. Application of computers in sports psychology
⮚ Self-assessment
⮚ Self-talks
⮚ Concentration task
⮚ Bio-feedback and relaxation technique
⮚ Psychological instruments