1.

0 Introduction to
Information Technology
1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Learning Outcome
a) Explain Information Technology
b) Discuss the application of Information
Technology

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Definition of Information Technology
The use of computer hardware and
software to store, retrieve, and
manipulate information.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Advantages of Information
Technology
i. Increase production and save
times.
Information Technology is used to
automate task.
Example: Bakery business which uses
automated temperature to detect any drop
or increase in room temperature in a bakery.
This censors will send information directly to

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Advantages of Information
Technology
ii. Improves communication through
communication technology.
Communication technology such as
Phones, video conferencing, e-mail, efax, Text messaging, database make
communication become easy and
efficient.
Example: Employee can easily move

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Advantages of Information
Technology
iii. Improves data storage and file
management.
Cloud hosting services are used to
store and backup data. Users can
access data at anytime and anywhere.
Example: Dropbox, Google Drive.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Disadvantages of Information
Technology
i. Job elimination.
Technology has replaced most positions
which humans used to occupy.
Robots, automation, and software can
replace people.

Example: Accounting is now being done

by software, so accountants run out of
opportunities.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Disadvantages of Information
Technology
ii. Security breaches.
Since users store their data on remote
cloud servers which can be access
with a username and password, they
risk losing data to hacker or viruses.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

a) Explain Information Technology

Disadvantages of Information
Technology
iii. Implementation Expenses
Small business fail to afford this
expensive technology. So they end up
losing their clients to a business which
has improved its technology and
provides a better service or product.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

b)

Discuss the application of

Information Technology

Education

Science

Usage
Benefit
Challenges
Examples

Entertainment

Applicatio
n of IT

Business

Science

Usage
Benefit
Challenges
Examples

Usage
Benefit
Challenges
Examples

Usage
Benefit
Challenges
Examples

Usage
Benefit
Challenges
Examples

Publishing

Travel

Requirements

Usage
Benefit
Challenges
Examples

Manufacturing

ICT skills and

knowledge
worker
Hardware
Software
technology

Government Health Care Finance

Function
Example
Benefit
Challenges

Function
Example
Benefit
Challenges

Function
Example
Benefit
Challenges

Education
Function
Example
Benefit
Challenges

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

i.

Education

Usages:
Computers to assist with education . e.g:
.Teacher: Use IT to do research for teaching
materials, participate in online forum and online
reference, use software as a teaching aid.
. Students: Use Search Engine as a reference
tool for looking information in the internet.
.School Administrator: Keep and update
students and teachers records.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

i.

Education

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

i.

Education

Usages:
Different approach of delivery:
ii. Self access learning Portal e-Learning
iii. Distance Learning
iv. Web based learning

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

i.

Education

Benefit:
Flexibility A students can choose the exact
schedule of classes that fits with
his/her lifestyle.
Can study at anytime by using
portal e-Learning.
Cheaper cost No need to travel to the
college.
No need to rent an apartment
closet to the college to enjoy
convenience and minimize
expenses.
Interactive Multimedia approachAttract student attention and

Drawbacks:
Lack of human interactionClasses are conducted
through internet, use of video
or teleconference. Where as
in traditional classrooms
students can develop their
self confidence and
socialization.
Advance planning- Both
teacher and students
involved in a distance
learning may need to make
sacrifice at times to get
things done in time.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:
Online Tuition

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:

eTest

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:

Courseware

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl

e-Learning
portal
e:

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

ii. Finance
Usages:
iii. Used IT to manage their finance e.g:
. Use finance software to balance check books,
pay bills, track personal income and expenses,
manage investments and evaluate financial
plans.
ii. Improved banking system & Payments e.g:
. Online banking services

Check balance of bank accounts

Pay bills
Transfer money between accounts (Using EFT)
Apply for loan or other avaliable service

Electronic payment system

Pay pal

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Finance
Benefit:

Drawbacks:

More convenient can be

used 24 hours a day, 7 days
a week.
Save time and money since
user dont have to travel
anyway to use it.
Data can be downloaded
and analysed (e.g in a
spreadsheet) which can help
with planning budgets.

Computer and internet

access are required.
If your account is
hacked or username
and password is stolen,
money could be stolen
from your account.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:

Online banking

Users
can
access
account
balances , pay bills and copy
monthly transactions.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e : Electronic Payment System
ameansofmakingpaymentsove
r anelectronicnetworksuch as
the Internet.
- PayPal
- Western Union

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:
Online investing
Investors buy and sell stocks
and bonds without using a
broker.
-Plus500
-GCI Financial

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

iii. Government
Usages:
iv. To provide citizens with up-to-date information
e.g:

Government website - -government : to file

taxes, apply for permits and licenses, pay
parking tickets, buy stamps, report crimes,
apply for financial aids, renew vehicle
registrations and drives licenses.
My Government Portal

ii. Employees of government agencies use IT as

part of theiir daily routine e.g:

Office automation MS Office

Planning and budgetary control electronics
(eSPKB)

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Government
Benefit:
Enhanced efficiency and
effectiveness of
Government services.
Ensures right information
gets to the right people at
the right time.
Accessibility and
convenience offered by
extended hours, 24 hours,
7 days a week.

Drawbacks:
Risk of information
Privacy and Security
If the file server breaks
down the files on the file
server become
inaccessible and user
cannot use the
government services.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e
:
Government

e-Filing

Online system for declaring tax.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e
:
Government

e-Penyata Gaji & Laporan

Online system that allow users to view and print pay slip.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e
:
Government

HRMIS

Online system for updating government employee

information.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

iv. Health Care

Usage:
v. Managing Patient Records e.g: Make use of
computerised database to store patient
records.
vi. Monitoring of patients e.g : Sensors are
attached to the patients. Sensors are used to
monitor:

Pulse Rate (heart beats per minute)

Temperature
Breathing rate (breathes per minute)
Blood Oxygen levels
Blood pressure

iii. Diagnosis of illness / Assist with medical test

e.g: CT scanners and MRI scanners allow
doctors to investigate what is happening

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Health Care
Usage:
iv. Assists in surgery: e.g
. Telemedicine: Health care professionals in
separate locations conduct live conferences
on the computer.
. Tele-surgery : Remote surgery , a surgeon
performs an operation on a patient who is not
located in the same physical room as the
surgeon.
Tele-surgery enables surgeon to direct robots
to perform an operation via computers
connected to high-speed network.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Health Care
Usage:
v. Provide up-to-date medical, fitness, nutrition
or exercise information e.g:
. Medline provides product and clinical
solutions
- Provides consulting and
management services.
- chat room that allow patient to
talk/chat to
others diagnosed with similar condition.
. Some website allow user to order
prescriptions online.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Health Care
Benefit:
Allows rural residents to
receive expert diagnosis and
treatment from distant
medical centers.
Saves lives through remote
consultations, whether urgent
or diagnostic.
Enables more informed
decision making and
enhanced quality of care.

Drawbacks:
High cost of ICT
investment (hardware
and software) needed to
run the healthcare
system.
Human/People
Challenge- Organizations
need to ensure they can
recruit, train, and retain
talented IT experts.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:
Health Care

Medline

Web sites that provide up-to-date medical,

fitness, nutrition or exercise information

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e
:
Health
Care

Telemedicine

Health care professionals in separate locations

conduct live conferences on the computer.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e
:
Health
Care

Telesurgery

A surgeon performs an operation on a patient who is

not located in the same physical room as the surgeon.

The surgeon directs robots to perform an operation via

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

v. Science
Usage:
vi. To assist scientist with collecting, analyzing
and modeling data. e.g:
Use tiny computer to imitate functions of
the central nervous system, retina of the
eye and cochlea of the ear.
Camera small enough to swallowsometimes call a camera pill to take picture
inside a body to detect polyps, cancer and
other abnormalities.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Science

Camera Pill

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Science
Usage:
ii. Use the internet to communicate with
colleagues around the world. e.g:

Teleconferencing.

iii. Use IT as an implant devices e.g:

A cochlear implant allow a deaf person to listen

Electrodes implanted in the brain stop tremors
associated with parkinsons disease.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:
Science

Neural network

A system that attempt to imitate the

behavior of human brain.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:
Science

Virtual reality

Computer use to simulate a real or

imagined environment that appears as 3
dimensional space.

Students Driving Simulator

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

vi. Publishing
Usages:
vii. Assist with work e.g:

Special software to assists graphics designer in

developing pages that include text, graphics and
photos.
Artists in composing and enhancing songs.
Filmmakers in creating and editing film.
Journalist and mobile users in capturing and
modifying video clips.

ii. Online publishing

Digital magazine
Digital newspaper

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Publishing

Special software

Graphic designers developing pages that

include text, graphic, and photos.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Publishing

Special software
Artist composing and enhancing
songs.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Publishing

Special software

Film makers creating and editing film.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Publishing

Special software
Journalists capturing and modifying
video clips.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Publishing
Online Publishing

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

vii. Travel
Usages:
viii.A tool that is used to measure distance and to
help pinpoint location any place in the world.
E.g:

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Google map

ii. Offer on-line booking services

On-line hotel reservation

On-line ticket reservation MAS, AirAsia.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Exampl
e:
Travel

Car navigation system

by GPS

Help users to track routes for specific

location.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Travel

Online reservation

Transportation and accommodation reservation

can be done through website.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

viii.Manufacuring
Usages:
ix. To assist with manufacturing process e.g:
. Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) to
reduce product development costs, shorten a
products time to market and stay ahead of the
competition.
. Computer aided design (CAD) to assist in the
creation, modification, analysis or optimizing of
a design.
ii. To manage data e.g:
. Use software to update inventory,
production,payroll and accounting records on
the companys network.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Manufacturing

CAM- Computer Aided Manufacturing

The use of computers to assist with manufacturing
processes such as fabrication and assembly.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Manufacturing

Bar code system

Bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner
to help in determining prices and managing inventory.

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Manufacturing

QR code

QR code(abbreviated fromQuick Response Code) is the

trademark for a type ofmatrix bar code(or twodimensionalbarcode)

1.1 Overview of Information Technology

Summary
a) Explain Information Technology
Definition of Information Technology
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Information Technology
b) Discuss the application of Information
Technology
Education

Science