Contents

 Introduction

 Non-state Actors

 Types of Non-state Actors

 Activities of Non-State Actors

 Human Security
 What non-state actors is doing in building human security ?
 MDG and SDG:
 SDG goals:

 Conclusion
Introduction

We are experiencing a world troubled by natural catastrophes, civil war, global

epidemics, rampant terrorism, economic inequality etc. At the same time,
traditional political and social institutions are experiencing high levels of
dissatisfaction. Non-state actors seem to be wielding ever more influence on
ensuring human security.

Non-State Actors

Non-sovereign entities and Individuals or groups that exercise…

- significant economic power

-political or social power

-influence at a national and in international level.

Non-state actors include organizations and individuals that are not affiliated with,

directed by, or funded through the government.  These include corporations,
private financial institutions, and NGOs, as well as paramilitary and armed
resistance groups.  In the context of human rights and particularly ESCR advocacy,
there has been an increasing focus on the human rights responsibilities of
transnational corporations and other business enterprises.

Types of Non-state actors

Some common and influential classes of Non-State Actors are listed here in
alphabetical order:

 Business magnates are individuals who command large wealth, and who

often seek to influence national and international affairs. Examples are Warren
Buffett and Bill Gates.
 Corporations, which include multinational corporations (MNCs),
are companies authorized to act as single entities (legally as persons) and are
recognized as such in law. They include very large businesses operating
transnationally, such as The Coca-Cola Company.
 Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO)s, sometimes known as
decentralized autonomous corporations (DACs), operate according to rules
encoded as computer programs called smart contracts. The crypto-
currency Bitcoin is an example of a DAO which, as of 2018, has grown to
become economically influential.
 International media agencies, which are also usually corporations, report
on the social and political situation in countries worldwide, and may therefore
be highly influential as NSAs. Agency France-Presse is an example.
 Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which include international non-
governmental organizations (INGOs), are usually nonprofit organizations
seeking to effect change in humanitarian, educational, ecological, healthcare,
public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas. An
example is Greenpeace. Goodwill ambassadors or humanitarian aid workers
involved with INGO missions abroad may also be considered as non-state
actors.
 People's movements are mass movements which become influential with
size and longevity. Examples include the movements arising during the Arab
Spring of 2011.
 Religious groups commonly engage in political affairs at an international
level. For example, the Quakers, as an historic peace church, operate offices at
the United Nations. Another example is ISIS, which is a religious group as well
as a violent non-state actor.
 Transnational diaspora communities are ethnic or national communities
that commonly seek to bring social and political change to their originating
countries and their adoptive countries. The Israeli diaspora is an example.
 Unincorporated associations, secret societies and civic organizations
unknown to or unrecognized by the state or government may be considered
non-state actors.
 Unrepresented nations and peoples include many indigenous
peoples and Fourth World societies.
 Violent non-state actors (VNSA)s are armed groups, including groups such
as ISIS or criminal organizations, for example drug cartels.
 World citizens may be considered non-state actors if they are active in
movements or social causes active outside their own country.

Again..
Human Security

The human security approach was introduced in the 1994 global Human
Development Report (HDR), which led to a range of literature and initiatives
building on the idea (some of these are mentioned in the annex to this guidance
note), and to a series of discussions in the United Nations. In 2012 the General
Assembly (GA) adopted a common definition of the concept.

The human security approach broadens the scope of security analysis and policy
from territorial security to the security of people. The 2012 GA Resolution
stresses the role of “Member States in identifying and addressing widespread and
cross-cutting challenges to survival, livelihood and dignity of their people”. In
other words, threat(s) to – and values under threat in – people’s lives are the key
starting point of a human security report.
The 1994 HDR highlighted two major components of human security: ‘freedom
from fear’ and ‘freedom from want’. These freedoms, from the preamble to the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are part of the four human freedoms that
President Franklin D. Roosevelt famously referred to in a speech in 1941. He was
advocating a world founded on: freedom of

speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want and freedom
from fear.2 Subsequent debate in the 1990s added the freedom ‘to live in
dignity’.

The 1994 HDR was more specific, listing seven essential dimensions of human
security:

• Economic Security

• Food Security

• Health Security

• Environmental Security

• Personal Security

• Community Security

• Political Security

The term human security may be new, but the ideas that inspired it have
developed over the last century and a half, from the founding of the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1864 to the acceptance of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and the Geneva Conventions of 1949. Human
security takes the safety of people as its point of reference. For humans to be
secure, their lives must be free from pervasive threats, violent or otherwise, to
their rights and safety. The human security approach addresses those non-
traditional threats to people's security that are related to economic,food, health
and environmental factors as well as issues such as drugs, terrorism,
organized crime, landmines and gender-based violence. It does not offer a single
definition of human security, but aims to bring a more diversified perspective to
security interests. Human security is about recognizing the importance of the
security needs of people along-side those of states. It is about minimizing risks,
taking preventive measures to reduce human vulnerabilities and carrying out
remedial action when preventive measures fail.

What non-state actors is doing in building human security ?

Non-state actors, from armed groups to private corporations and non-

governmental organizations (NGOs), play a critical role in heightening or lessening
human security.The measures required to enhance human security often call for
action from numerous non-state actors, particularly NGOs. These include, for
example, addressing the needs of displaced populations, advocating stronger
control of the arms trade and helping governments preserve and restore fragile
environments. Human security can act as a platform to help state and non-state
actors alike address the causes of global insecurity.

Non-state actors are particularly well suited to engendering human security in the
new world context. Indeed, in failed states, they are the only actors who are
present to do so.During internal conflicts, non-state actors benefit from close
involvement with local communities and they are better able than traditional
actors to build local capacity. Non-state actors can and do play many roles in the
protection of human security. For example,organizations such as the ICRC and
Oxfam act as relief agencies even when governments are unable to respond to
emergency needs; NGOs such as the Community of San Egidio facilitate
negotiations between warring parties; efforts such as Radio Ijambo in Rwanda
aim to help re-establish peace.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in conflict zones are non-state
actors whose potential exists for fostering conflict prevention and generating
wider respect for human security. It is now generally recognized that
management decisions of corporations at the headquarters and local levels can
have an important impact on the course and duration of violent conflicts. In
situations of political and social chaos, legitimate business operations can become
unintentional parties to the political or military activities of national governments,
local warlords or rebel groups, and coincidentally (or even cynically in some
instances) feed war economies.In most of today’s conflict zones, there are
multinationals with business interests. Thus,MNCs are increasingly caught in
situations where state authority is diminished or absent altogether and where
control over economic resources is a primary objective of the disputing parties.
Warring groups, no longer necessarily the direct or indirect ideological clients of
one superpower or another, now often finance their activities through the
control of local economic resources and the profiteering of scarce goods. This
means that MNCs as producers or dealers of these goods become implicit, if
unwilling, accomplices in prolonging conflict. Most acutely implicated by this
problem, of course, are those MNCs involved in the extraction of natural
resources, such as oil, natural gas, timber,rubber, and precious metals and gems.

Increasing global connectedness will continue to foster the interaction among

non-state actors beyond states capacity to control it, thus challenging in several
ways traditional governance.

 The growing role of non-state actors is changing the political, security,

economic, and social environments.
 New actors – digital communities, transnational institutions, multinational
corporations, civil society organizations and the social media platforms –
are impacting all levels of governance and add new layers of rules and
expectations to the population at large. | Related
Megatrends: Technology; Inequalities
 Transnational actors are increasingly compensating for the lack of state-led
policies or actions; responsibilities and actions are taken outside the usual
 hierarchical decision-making process. 
| Related Megatrends: Security
 The role of corporations for social change is increasing, with 64% of people
globally expecting CEOs to lead and 84% expecting CEOs to influence policy
debates on social issues, according to 2018 Edelman Trust Barometer. 
 With nearly 10,000 companies from some 160 countries being members of
the UN Global Compact, supporting the Sustainable Development Goals,
corporate responsibility is becoming an important driver of social change
and governance.
 The millennial and generation Z confidence in political leaders is rather
low, as revealed by The Deloitte Global Millennial Survey 2019. Some 73%
of those surveyed consider that political leaders are failing to have a
positive impact on the world and about 45%  do not trust them as sources
of reliable information. Distrust in traditional media is also rather high, with
43% considering that the mass media is having a negative impact on the
world, and 27% having no trust at all in the media as sources of reliable and
accurate information. NGOs and not-for-profits ranked highest in terms of
both societal impact and sources of reliable information.

 Blockchain technology is another new governance system, an engine of

automated self-regulation for communities, markets and society.

Besides,non-state actors is working all over the world to ensure...

 protecting populations from genocide

  protecting populations from war

 protecting crimes against the humanity

 Protecting ethnic cleansing

  protecting populations from violent conflicts

 influencing State behaviour

  deals with armed opposition groups

 deal respectively with conflict-monitoring and early warning

 advocacy, awareness and human rights protection

 humanitarian assistance for affected populations.

 deals with the investigation and punishment of crimes(ICC)

Non-state actors is working to ensure non-traditional security approach..

 Food Security

 Economic Security

 Health Security

 Environmental Security

 Personal Security

 Community Security

 Political Security

MDG and SDG:

World community adopted MDGs and SDGs to ensure human security in broader
concept to ensure sustainable development.MDG and SDG goals are closely
related with human security,sustainable security and sustainable development.
Sustainable development depends on sustainable security and human
security.Non-state actors are working deeply to attain SDGs goal all over the
world.

MDGs
SDG goals:

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals

designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for
all".The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and intended
to be achieved by the year 2030, are part of UN Resolution 70/1, the 2030
Agenda.
The Sustainable Development Goals are:

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
10.Reducing Inequality
11.Sustainable Cities and Communities
12.Responsible Consumption and Production
13.Climate Action
14.Life Below Water
15.Life On Land
16.Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
17.Partnerships for the Goals
The goals are broad based and interdependent. The 17 sustainable development
goals each have a list of targets which are measured with indicators. In an effort
to make the SDGs successful, data on the 17 goals has been made available in an
easily-understood form. A variety of tools exist to track and visualize progress
towards the goals.
Conclusion

Increasing global connectedness will continue to foster the interactions among

non-state actors beyond states' capacity to ensuring human security.