By assuming the two fixed ends of the beam as the end nodes and

introducing
an additional node at the point of application of the load, the beam can
be replaced by
a two-element idealization as shown in Figures 1.12(a) and 1.12(b). The
global degrees of
freedom of the beam are indicated in Figure 1.12(a) so that the vector
of displacement
degrees of freedom of the system (beam) is given by
_W
=
⎧⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨
⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
⎫⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎬
⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭
(E1)
The element nodal degrees of freedom can be identified from Fig. 1.12(b)
as
_W
=
(1)
⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨
⎪⎪⎪⎩
W
(1)
1
W
(1)
2
W
(1)
3
W
(1)
4
⎫⎪⎪⎪⎬
⎪⎪⎪⎭
=
⎧⎪⎪⎨
⎪⎪⎩
W1
W2
W3
W4
⎫⎪⎪⎬
⎪⎪⎭
(E2)
_W
=
(2)
⎧⎪⎪⎪⎨
⎪⎪⎪⎩
W
(2)
1
W
(2)
2
W
(2)
3
W
(2)
4
⎫⎪⎪⎪⎬
⎪⎪⎪⎭
=
⎧⎪⎪⎨
⎪⎪⎩
W3
W4
W5
W6
⎫⎪⎪⎬
⎪⎪⎭
(E3)
The element stiffness matrices are given by Eq. (1.81):
$
K(e)
%
=
2E(e)I(e)
l(e)3
W
(e)
1 W
(e)
2 W
(e)
3 W
(e)
⎡ 4
⎢⎢⎢⎣
6 3l(e) −6 3l(e)
3l(e) 2l(e)2 −3l(e) l(e)2
−6 −3l(e) 6 −3l(e)
3l(e) l(e)2 −3l(e) 2l(e)2
⎤
⎥⎥⎥⎦
W
(e)
1
W
(e)
2
W
(e)
3
W
(e)
4
(E4)
where E(e) is the Young’s modulus, I(e) is the area moment of inertia of
the cross section,
and l(e) is the length of element e. Using E(1) = E(2) = 107 N/cm2, I(1) = I(2)
=
(1)(23)/12 = 2/3 cm4, l(1) = 20 cm, and l(2) = 40 cm in Eq. (E4), we obtain