1.

INTRODUCTION
Stress concentration is a major factor that should be taken
into account while designing machine component. Holes in
machine parts will generate sudden rise in the magnitude of
stresses. I have analyzed the stress concentration around a
circular hole with theoretical analysis using theory of
elasticity and compared it with Finite element analysis.

1.1 Mechanical Properties:

In our problem, we deal with 3 mechanical properties:
Density: mass per unit volume
Modulus of Elasticity: calculates the stiffness of material
Poisson’s Ratio: Ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain.

Properties Symbols Units Values

Density ρ Kg/m 3
7854
2
Modulus E KN/mm 210
of
Elasticity
Poisson’s µ -- 0.3
Ratio
Now we will analyse tangential stress which is the only stress
present around the hole at different values of ϴ.
At ϴ = 0, σϴ = -σ;
At ϴ = 90, σϴ = 3σ which is maximum.
It can be seen that σϴ is maximum when ϴ = 90 or ϴ = 270, i.e.
at the ends of the diameter of hole perpendicular to the direction
of σ and experiences a tensile magnitude of 3σ. Similarly when
ϴ = 0 or ϴ = 180 i.e. at the ends of diameter of hole in the same
direction of σ, we will have a compressive stress of magnitude
σ.
If we reverse the state of stress σ at the ends of plate from
tensile to compressive, the sign of stresses around the hole
also get reversed. Now the ends of diameter of the hole
which are perpendicular to direction of loading, will
experience a compressive stress of magnitude 3σ and the
other ends of diameter of hole in the same direction of
loading will experience a tensile stress of magnitude σ.
This property is very useful when the material is brittle like
glass