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❚ ✁✂ ✄☎✂ ✆☎✝✞ ✟☎✠ ✡☛☞✁ ✡☛✌✠✞☎✝✠✄✍ ✎✌✞ ✏ ☎✞ ✄ ☛✌✑✒ ✏✁ ✓✌✞ ☛✌✔

✆☎✝✞ ✝✠❢ ❚ ✝✄ ✝✄ ✞ ✁ ✕✌✁✄✞✝☛✠ ✞ ✝✄ ✄✞☛✔✂ ✒✁✑✝✟☎✞✁✑✂ ✓☛✄✁✄✍
▲✁✠✟ ☛ ✝✄ ☎ ✆☎✔✡✁✔ ✏ ☛ ✏✔✝✞✁✄ ☎ ✑✁✞✞✁✔ ✞☛ ✖☛✒ ✏ ✁✠ ✝✄ ✟✔☛✓✄
☎✔✁ ✔✌✝✠✁✒❛ ☎✄✗✝✠✘ ✆☛✔ ☎ ✌✠✒✔✁✒ ✓✁✄☛✄✍ ✙☛✁✄ ▲✁✠✟ ☛✚✄ ✑✁✞✞✁✔ ✔✁☎✟
✖☛✒❢ ✙☛✁✄ ✖☛✒ ✄✁✠✒ ✝✡ ✞ ✁ ✡☛✠✁✂❢ ❚ ✝✠✗ ✏ ☎✞ ✂☛✌✔ ☎✠✄✏✁✔✄ ✞☛
✞ ✁✄✁ ✕✌✁✄✞✝☛✠✄ ✏☛✌✑✒ t✁❛ ☎✠✒ ✘✌✁✄✄ ☛✏ ✞ ✁ ✄✞☛✔✂ ✟☛✠✞✝✠✌✁✄❛ t✁✆☛✔✁
✂☛✌ t✁✘✝✠ ✞☛ ✔✁☎✒ ✝✞✍
❆✛✜✢✣✢✜✤
✶✍ ❖✠✁ ☛✆ ✞ ✁ ✟ ✁☎✓✁✄✞ ✏☎✂✄ ✞☛ ✄✁✠✒ ✡☛✠✁✂ ✞☛ ✄☛✡✁☛✠✁ ✝✄ ✞ ✔☛✌✘
✞ ✁ ✓☛✄✞ ☛✆✆✝✟✁✍ ✥☎☞✁ ✂☛✌ ✁☞✁✔ ✄✁✠✞ ☛✔ ✔✁✟✁✝☞✁✒ ✡☛✠✁✂ ✝✠ ✞ ✝✄
✏☎✂❢ ✥✁✔✁✚✄ ✏ ☎✞ ✂☛✌ ☎☞✁ ✞☛ ✒☛✍ ✇✦✄ ✂☛✌ ✔✁☎✒ ✞ ✁ ✝✠✄✞✔✌✟✞✝☛✠✄❛
✒✝✄✟✌✄✄ ✏✝✞ ✂☛✌✔ ✞✁☎✟ ✁✔ ✝✠ ✟✑☎✄✄ ✞ ✁ ✡✁☎✠✝✠✘✄ ☛✆ ✞ ✁✄✁ ✏☛✔✒✄❞
✟☛✌✠✞✁✔❛ ✟☛✌✠✞✁✔ ✟✑✁✔✗❛ ☎✓✓✔☛✓✔✝☎✞✁❛ ☎✟✗✠☛✏✑✁✒✘✁✡✁✠✞❛ ✟☛✌✠✞✁✔✆☛✝✑❛
✔✁✟☛✔✒✍ r☛✠✄✌✑✞ ☎ ✒✝✟✞✝☛✠☎✔✂ ✝✆ ✠✁✟✁✄✄☎✔✂✍ ✦✔✁ ✞ ✁✔✁ ✏☛✔✒✄
✟☛✔✔✁✄✓☛✠✒✝✠✘ ✞☛ ✞ ✁✄✁ ❝✠✘✑✝✄ ✏☛✔✒✄ ✝✠ ✂☛✌✔ ✑☎✠✘✌☎✘✁✄❢✧
 ✷✳ ✞✟✠✠ ✡☛☞ ☞✌✍ ✎✡✏✍✑ ✒✓✔✍✓ ✕✡✓✖ ✗✟✘✍✏ ✙✍✠✡✚ ☛✛✟✏✗ ☞✌✍ ✜✠☛✍✛ ☞✌✢☞
✕✡✠✠✡✚ ☞✌✍ ✕✡✓✖✳

✄✝
✆
☎❋
✄✂
✁
❋

2
 ⑩ ✧★✩✪✫ ✬✭✮✯✰ ✲★✮ ✳✮✯ ✲✩✴✴ ✵✶✪✷ ✰★✶ ✸✮✪✶✳ ✰✮✹ ✬✪✷ ★✮✲ ✸✯✺★✻
❨✮✯ ✸✩✼★✰ ✲✬✪✰ ✰✮ ✵✶✪✷ ✸✮✪✶✳ ✽✮✾ ✬ ✸✬✼✬✿✩✪✶ ✵✯✭✵✺✾✩❀✰✩✮✪✹
✮✾ ✰✮ ✬ ✾✶✴✬✰✩❁✶ ✮✾ ✬ ✽✾✩✶✪✷✻
⑩ ❖✾ ✳✮✯ ✸✬✳ ✽✩✴✴ ✮✯✰ ✰★✶ ✽✮✾✸ ✲✩✰★ ✳✮✯✾✵✶✴✽ ✬✵ ✵✶✪✷✶✾ ✬✪✷ ✳✮✯✾
❀✬✾✰✪✶✾ ✬✵ ✾✶✺✶✩❁✶✾✻ ❂✵✶ ✬ ❀✬✾✰ ✮✽ ✳✮✯✾ ❀✮✺✫✶✰ ✸✮✪✶✳✹ ✬✪✷
✵✯✭✸✩✰ ✰★✶ ✽✮✾✸ ✬✰ ✰★✶ ✪✶✬✾✶✵✰ ❀✮✵✰ ✮✽✽✩✺✶ ✰✮ ✵✶✶ ★✮✲ ✩✰s✵ ✷✮✪✶✻
❙✶✶ ★✮✲ ✳✮✯✾ ❀✬✾✰✪✶✾ ✶✪❃✮✳✵ ✼✶✰✰✩✪✼ ✸✮✪✶✳ ✭✳ ❀✮✵✰❄
⑩ ◆✮✰✩✺✶ ✰★✬✰ ✰★✶ ✽✮✾✸ ★✬✵ ✰★✾✶✶ ❀✬✾✰✵ ❅ ✰★✶ ❇✮✪✶✳ ❖✾✷✶✾ ✽✮✾✸✹
✰★✶ ❀✬✾✰ ✽✮✾ ✮✽✽✩✺✩✬✴ ✯✵✶ ✬✪✷ ✰★✶ ❈✺✫✪✮✲✴✶✷✼✶✸✶✪✰✻ ❉★✬✰ ✲✮✯✴✷
✳✮✯ ✲✾✩✰✶ ✩✪ ✰★✶ ②❙❀✬✺✶ ✽✮✾ ❊✮✸✸✯✪✩✺✬✰✩✮✪s❋
◆✮✲ ✺✮✸❀✴✶✰✶ ✰★✶ ✽✮✴✴✮✲✩✪✼ ✵✰✬✰✶✸✶✪✰✵✻
■✩❏ ❑✪ ✬✷✷✩✰✩✮✪ ✰✮ ✰★✶ ✵✶✪✷✶✾✹ ✰★✶ ✽✮✾✸ ★✬✵ ✰✮ ✭✶ ✵✩✼✪✶✷ ✭✳ ✰★✶

■✩✩❏ ✧★✶ ②❈✺✫✪✮✲✴✶✷✼✶✸✶✪✰s ✵✶✺✰✩✮✪ ✮✽ ✰★✶ ✽✮✾✸ ✩✵ ✵✶✪✰ ✭✬✺✫ ✭✳

✰★✶ ❀✮✵✰ ✮✽✽✩✺✶ ✰✮ ✰★✶ ✬✽✰✶✾ ✰★✶
✵✩✼✪✵ ✩✰✻
■✩✩✩❏ ✧★✶ ②❙❀✬✺✶ ✽✮✾ ❊✮✸✸✯✪✩✺✬✰✩✮✪s ✵✶✺✰✩✮✪ ✩✵ ✯✵✶✷ ✽✮✾

■✩❁❏ ✧★✶ ✽✮✾✸ ★✬✵ ✵✩▼ ✵✶✺✰✩✮✪✵✻ ✧★✶ ✵✶✪✷✶✾ ✪✶✶✷✵ ✰✮ ✽✩✴✴ 3
✮✯✰ ✵✶✺✰✩✮✪✵ ✬✪✷ ✰★✶ ✾✶✺✶✩❁✶✾

❚❍☎ ✥✆✝✞✟ ✠ ✡✥✟ ✆☛☞✌ ✆☛✟ ✍☛ ✡✥✟ ✟☛✡✍✎✟ ✏✑☞☞✟✌ ✠ ✞✑✡ ❆

✆☛ ✡✥✟ ♦✎✟✞✡ ✆✒ ✑ ☞✆✓ ✥✍☞☞✔ ✕✎✆✖ ✡✥✍✞ ✥✟✍✗✥✡ ✆☛✟ crest ▲
✁✁
♦✆✝☞❝ ✞✟✟ ✡✥✟ ✎✍✏✟✎ ✑☛❝ ✡✥✟ ✒✍✟☞❝ ✆✒ ✎✍✘✟ ♦✆✎☛ ❝✆✡✡✟❝ top of a hill
✓✍✡✥ ✡✥✟ ✒☞✆✓✟✎✞ ✡✥✑✡ ✑☞✓✑✌✞ ✘✎✆✖✍✞✟❝ ✑ ✗✆✆❝ ✂
✁t
✥✑✎✏✟✞✡✔ ❚✥✟ ✆☛☞✌ ✡✥✍☛✗ ✡✥✟ ✟✑✎✡✥ ☛✟✟❝✟❝ ✓✑✞ ✑ ●t
❝✆✓☛✘✆✝✎ ✆✎ ✑✡ ☞✟✑✞✡ ✑ ✞✥✆✓✟✎✔ ❚✥✎✆✝✗✥✆✝✡ ✡✥✟ ✄
✖✆✎☛✍☛✗ ♠✟☛♦✥✆ ✠ ✓✥✆ ✙☛✟✓ ✥✍✞ ✒✍✟☞❝✞ ✍☛✡✍✖✑✡✟☞✌
✠ ✥✑❝ ❝✆☛✟ ☛✆✡✥✍☛✗ ✟☞✞✟ ➋✝✡ ✞✟✟ ✡✥✟ ✞✙✌ ✡✆✓✑✎❝✞
✡✥✟ ☛✆✎✡✥✚✟✑✞✡✔
➇✛✆✓ ✓✟✜✎✟ ✎✟✑☞☞✌ ✗✆✍☛✗ ✡✆ ✗✟✡ ✞✆✖✟ ✓✑✡✟✎✱ ✓✆✖✑☛✔✢
❚✥✟ ✓✆✖✑☛ ✓✥✆ ✓✑✞ ✘✎✟✘✑✎✍☛✗ ✞✝✘✘✟✎✱ ✎✟✘☞✍✟❝✱
➇✣✟✞✱ ❡✆❝ ✓✍☞☞✍☛✗✢✔ ❚✥✟ ✆☞❝✟✎ ➋✆✌✞ ✓✟✎✟ ✓✆✎✙✍☛✗ ✍☛
✡✥✟ ✒✍✟☞❝✱ ✓✥✍☞✟ ✡✥✟ ✞✖✑☞☞✟✎ ✆☛✟✞ ✓✟✎✟ ✘☞✑✌✍☛✗ ☛✟✑✎
✡✥✟ ✥✆✝✞✟ ✝☛✡✍☞ ✡✥✟ ✓✆✖✑☛ ♦✑☞☞✟❝ ✡✆ ✡✥✟✖ ✑☞☞✱ ➇✤✆✖✟
✒✆✎ ❝✍☛☛✟✎✢✔ ❢✡ ✓✑✞ ❝✝✎✍☛✗ ✡✥✟ ✖✟✑☞ ✡✥✑✡✱ ✦✝✞✡ ✑✞
 ▲✞✟✠✡☛ ✡☞✌ ✍✎✞✌✏✠✑✞✌✒ ✓✏✔ ✌✎☛✍✕ ☛✖ ✎☞✏✟ ✓✞✔☞✟ ✑☛
✖☞❢❢✗ ✘✟ ✑✡✞ ✟☛✎✑✡✙✞☞✕✑ ✡✚✔✞ ✛☛✚✟✑☞✏✟✕ ☛✖ ✠❢☛✚✌✕
✠☛✚❢✌ ✓✞ ✕✞✞✟ ☞✍✍✎☛☞✠✡✏✟✔✗ ❝✡✞ ☞✏✎ ✜☞✕ ✖✎✞✕✡ ☞✟✌
✕✜✞✞✑✗ ❝✡✞ ✛☞✟ ✜✞✟✑ ☛✚✑ ✖☛✎ ✟☛ ☛✑✡✞✎ ✎✞☞✕☛✟ ✑✡☞✟
✑☛ ✡☞t✞ ✑✡✞ ✍❢✞☞✕✚✎✞ ☛✖ ✖✞✞❢✏✟✔ ✑✡✞ ✎☞✏✟ ☛✟ ✡✏✕ ✓☛✌✢✒
☞✟✌ ✜✡✞✟ ✡✞ ✎✞✑✚✎✟✞✌ ✡✞ ✞❛✠❢☞✏✛✞✌✒ ✣✣❝✡✞✕✞ ☞✎✞✟✤✑
✎☞✏✟✌✎☛✍✕ ✖☞❢❢✏✟✔ ✖✎☛✛ ✑✡✞ ✕r✢✒ ✑✡✞✢ ☞✎✞ ✟✞✜ ✠☛✏✟✕✗
❝✡✞ ✓✏✔ ✌✎☛✍✕ ☞✎✞ ✑✞✟ ✠✞✟✑ ✍✏✞✠✞✕ ☞✟✌ ✑✡✞ ❢✏✑✑❢✞ ☛✟✞✕
☞✎✞ ✖✏t✞✕✗✤✤
❲✏✑✡ ☞ ✕☞✑✏✕✖✏✞✌ ✞❛✍✎✞✕✕✏☛✟ ✡✞ ✎✞✔☞✎✌✞✌ ✑✡✞ ✖✏✞❢✌
☛✖ ✎✏✍✞ ✠☛✎✟ ✜✏✑✡ ✏✑✕ ✖❢☛✜✞✎✕✒ ✌✎☞✍✞✌ ✏✟ ☞ ✠✚✎✑☞✏✟ ☛✖ draped
✎☞✏✟✗ ✥✚✑ ✕✚✌✌✞✟❢✢ ☞ ✕✑✎☛✟✔ ✜✏✟✌ ✓✞✔☞✟ ✑☛ ✓❢☛✜ covered (with cloth)
☞✟✌ ☞❢☛✟✔ ✜✏✑✡ ✑✡✞ ✎☞✏✟ t✞✎✢ ❢☞✎✔✞ ✡☞✏❢✕✑☛✟✞✕ ✓✞✔☞✟
✑☛ ✖☞❢❢✗ ❝✡✞✕✞ ✑✎✚❢✢ ✌✏✌ ✎✞✕✞✛✓❢✞ ✟✞✜ ✕✏❢t✞✎ ✠☛✏✟✕✗
❝✡✞ ✓☛✢✕✒ ✞❛✍☛✕✏✟✔ ✑✡✞✛✕✞❢t✞✕ ✑☛ ✑✡✞ ✎☞✏✟✒ ✎☞✟ ☛✚✑
✑☛ ✠☛❢❢✞✠✑ ✑✡✞ ✖✎☛✦✞✟ ✍✞☞✎❢✕✗
✣✣✘✑✤✕ ✎✞☞❢❢✢ ✔✞✑✑✏✟✔ ✓☞✌ ✟☛✜✒✤✤ ✞❛✠❢☞✏✛✞✌ ✑✡✞ ✛☞✟✗
✄✝
✆ ➇✘ ✡☛✍✞ ✏✑ ✍☞✕✕✞✕ ✧✚✏✠r❢✢✗★ ✘✑ ✌✏✌ ✟☛✑ ✍☞✕✕ ✧✚✏✠r❢✢✗
☎❋ ✩☛✎ ☞✟ ✡☛✚✎ ✑✡✞ ✡☞✏❢ ✎☞✏✟✞✌ ☛✟ ✑✡✞ ✡☛✚✕✞✒ ✑✡✞
✄✂ ✔☞✎✌✞✟✒ ✑✡✞ ✡✏❢❢✕✏✌✞✒ ✑✡✞ ✠☛✎✟✖✏✞❢✌✒ ☛✟ ✑✡✞ ✜✡☛❢✞
✁
❋ t☞❢❢✞✢✗ ❝✡✞ ✖✏✞❢✌ ✜☞✕ ✜✡✏✑✞✒ ☞✕ ✏✖ ✠☛t✞✎✞✌ ✜✏✑✡ ✕☞❢✑✗
◆☛✑ ☞ ❢✞☞✖ ✎✞✛☞✏✟✞✌ ☛✟ ✑✡✞ ✑✎✞✞✕✗ ❝✡✞ ✠☛✎✟ ✜☞✕
4 ✑☛✑☞❢❢✢ ✌✞✕✑✎☛✢✞✌✗ ❝✡✞ ✖❢☛✜✞✎✕ ✜✞✎✞ ✔☛✟✞ ✖✎☛✛ ✑✡✞
locusts
✍❢☞✟✑✕✗ ▲✞✟✠✡☛✤✕ ✕☛✚❢ ✜☞✕ ✖✏❢❢✞✌ ✜✏✑✡ ✕☞✌✟✞✕✕✗ ❲✡✞✟ insects which fly in
✑✡✞ ✕✑☛✎✛ ✡☞✌ ✍☞✕✕✞✌✒ ✡✞ ✕✑☛☛✌ ✏✟ ✑✡✞ ✛✏✌✌❢✞ ☛✖ ✑✡✞ big swarms (groups)
✖✏✞❢✌ ☞✟✌ ✕☞✏✌ ✑☛ ✡✏✕ ✕☛✟✕✒ ➇✪ ✍❢☞✔✚✞ ☛✖ ❢☛✠✚✕✑✕ ✜☛✚❢✌ and destroy crops
❤☎✆✝ ✞✝✟✠ ✡☛☞✝ ✠❤☎✌ ✠❤✍✎✏ ✑❤✝ ❤☎✍✞ ❤☎✎ ✞✝✟✠ ✌☛✠❤✍✌✒✏
✑❤✍✎ ❚✝☎☞ ✓✝ ✓✍✞✞ ❤☎✆✝ ✌☛ ✔☛☞✌✏✕✕
✑❤☎✠ ✌✍✒❤✠ ✓☎✎ ☎ ✎☛☞☞☛✓✟✖✞ ☛✌✝✏
➇✗✞✞ ☛✖☞ ✓☛☞✘✙ ✟☛☞ ✌☛✠❤✍✌✒✏✚
➅➅✑❤✝☞✝✕✎ ✌☛ ☛✌✝ ✓❤☛ ✔☎✌ ❤✝✞✛ ✖✎✏✚
➇✜✝✕✞✞ ☎✞✞ ✒☛ ❤✖✌✒☞❚ ✠❤✍✎ ❚✝☎☞✏✚
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲✢✣✤ ✥✦✥ ✧★✩✪✢✫ ✢✫✬★ ✭✫✮✯
✷✳ ❲✢✰ ✥✦✥ ✧★✩✪✢✫ ✱✣✰ ✤✢★ ✮✣✦✩✥✮✫✬✱ ✲★✮★ ✴✦✵★ ✸✩★✲ ✪✫✦✩✱✹✯
✺✳ ❍✫✲ ✥✦✥ ✤✢★ ✮✣✦✩ ✪✢✣✩✻★✯ ❲✢✣✤ ✢✣✬✬★✩★✥ ✤✫ ✧★✩✪✢✫✹✱ ✭✦★✴✥✱✯
✼✳ ❲✢✣✤ ✲★✮★ ✧★✩✪✢✫✹✱ ✭★★✴✦✩✻✱ ✲✢★✩ ✤✢★ ✢✣✦✴ ✱✤✫✬✬★✥✯
❇✖✠ ✍✌ ✠❤✝ ❤✝☎☞✠✎ ☛✟ ☎✞✞ ✓❤☛ ✞✍✆✝✽ ✍✌ ✠❤☎✠ ✎☛✞✍✠☎☞❚
❤☛✖✎✝ ✍✌ ✠❤✝ ✡✍✽✽✞✝ ☛✟ ✠❤✝ ✆☎✞✞✝❚✙ ✠❤✝☞✝ ✓☎✎ ☎ ✎✍✌✒✞✝
❤☛✛✝✾ ❤✝✞✛ ✟☞☛✡ ✿☛✽✏
➇❀☛✌✕✠ ❁✝ ✎☛ ✖✛✎✝✠✙ ✝✆✝✌ ✠❤☛✖✒❤ ✠❤✍✎ ✎✝✝✡✎ ✞✍✘✝
☎ ✠☛✠☎✞ ✞☛✎✎✏ ❛✝✡✝✡❁✝☞✙ ✌☛ ☛✌✝ ✽✍✝✎ ☛✟ ❤✖✌✒✝☞✏✚
➇✑❤☎✠✕✎ ✓❤☎✠ ✠❤✝❚ ✎☎❚✾ ✌☛ ☛✌✝ ✽✍✝✎ ☛✟ ❤✖✌✒✝☞✏✚
✗✞✞ ✠❤☞☛✖✒❤ ✠❤✝ ✌✍✒❤✠✙ ❂✝✌✔❤☛ ✠❤☛✖✒❤✠ ☛✌✞❚ ☛✟
❤✍✎ ☛✌✝ ❤☛✛✝✾ ✠❤✝ ❤✝✞✛ ☛✟ ✿☛✽✙ ✓❤☛✎✝ ✝❚✝✎✙ ☎✎ ❤✝ 5
❤☎✽ ❁✝✝✌ ✍✌✎✠☞✖✔✠✝✽✙ ✎✝✝ ✝✆✝☞❚✠❤✍✌✒✙ ✝✆✝✌ ✓❤☎✠ ✍✎
✽✝✝✛ ✍✌ ☛✌✝✕✎ ✔☛✌✎✔✍✝✌✔✝✏ ❂✝✌✔❤☛ ✓☎✎ ☎✌ ☛❞ ☛✟ ☎ conscience
✡☎✌✙ ✓☛☞✘✍✌✒ ✞✍✘✝ ☎✌ ☎✌✍✡☎✞ ✍✌ ✠❤✝ ✟✍✝✞✽✎✙ ❁✖✠ ✎✠✍✞✞ an inner sense of
❤✝ ✘✌✝✓ ❤☛✓ ✠☛ ✓☞✍✠✝✏ ✑❤✝ ✟☛✞✞☛✓✍✌✒ ❃✖✌✽☎❚✙ ☎✠ right and wrong

✽☎❚❁☞✝☎✘✙ ❤✝ ❁✝✒☎✌ ✠☛ ✓☞✍✠✝ ☎ ✞✝✠✠✝☞ ✓❤✍✔❤ ❤✝

❤✍✡✎✝✞✟ ✓☛✖✞✽ ✔☎☞☞❚ ✠☛ ✠☛✓✌ ☎✌✽ ✛✞☎✔✝ ✍✌ ✠❤✝ ✡☎✍✞✏ ❆
■✠ ✓☎✎ ✌☛✠❤✍✌✒ ✞✝✎✎ ✠❤☎✌ ☎ ✞✝✠✠✝☞ ✠☛ ✿☛✽✏ ▲
➇✿☛✽✙✚ ❤✝ ✓☞☛✠✝✙ ➇✍✟ ❚☛✖ ✽☛✌✕✠ ❤✝✞✛ ✡✝✙ ✡❚ ✟☎✡✍✞❚ ✁✁
☎✌✽ ■ ✓✍✞✞ ✒☛ ❤✖✌✒☞❚ ✠❤✍✎ ❚✝☎☞✏ ■ ✌✝✝✽ ☎ ❤✖✌✽☞✝✽ ✂
✁t
✛✝✎☛✎ ✍✌ ☛☞✽✝☞ ✠☛ ✎☛✓ ✡❚ ✟✍✝✞✽ ☎✒☎✍✌ ☎✌✽ ✠☛ ✞✍✆✝ peso
●t
✖✌✠✍✞ ✠❤✝ ✔☞☛✛ ✔☛✡✝✎✙ ❁✝✔☎✖✎✝ ✠❤✝ ❤☎✍✞✎✠☛☞✡✏✏✏ ✏✚ currency of several
✄
Latin American
❄✝ ✓☞☛✠✝ ➅✑☛ ✿☛✽✕ ☛✌ ✠❤✝ ✝✌✆✝✞☛✛✝✙ ✛✖✠ ✠❤✝ ✞✝✠✠✝☞ countries
✍✌✎✍✽✝ ☎✌✽✙ ✎✠✍✞✞ ✠☞☛✖❁✞✝✽✙ ✓✝✌✠ ✠☛ ✠☛✓✌✏ ✗✠ ✠❤✝ ✛☛✎✠
☛✟✟✍✔✝✙ ❤✝ ✛✞☎✔✝✽ ☎ ✎✠☎✡✛ ☛✌ ✠❤✝ ✞✝✠✠✝☞ ☎✌✽ ✽☞☛✛✛✝✽
✍✠ ✍✌✠☛ ✠❤✝ ✡☎✍✞❁☛❞✏
❖✌✝ ☛✟ ✠❤✝ ✝✡✛✞☛❚✝✝✎✙ ✓❤☛ ✓☎✎ ☎ ✛☛✎✠✡☎✌ ☎✌✽
☎✞✎☛ ❤✝✞✛✝✽ ☎✠ ✠❤✝ ✛☛✎✠ ☛✟✟✍✔✝✙ ✓✝✌✠ ✠☛ ❤✍✎ ❁☛✎✎
✞☎✖✒❤✍✌✒ ❤✝☎☞✠✍✞❚ ☎✌✽ ✎❤☛✓✝✽ ❤✍✡ ✠❤✝ ✞✝✠✠✝☞ ✠☛ ✿☛✽✏ amiable
◆✝✆✝☞ ✍✌ ❤✍✎ ✔☎☞✝✝☞ ☎✎ ☎ ✛☛✎✠✡☎✌ ❤☎✽ ❤✝ ✘✌☛✓✌ friendly and
✠❤☎✠ ☎✽✽☞✝✎✎✏ ✑❤✝ ✛☛✎✠✡☎✎✠✝☞ ❅ ☎ ✟☎✠✙ ☎✡✍☎❁✞✝ pleasant
 ❢✞✟✟✠✡ ☛ ☞✟✌✠ ✍✎✠✏✞ ✠✑✒ ✟☞✑✓✔✕✖✓✗ ✍✑✒ ☞✟✘✠✌✒
✕✘✘✞✐✕☞✒✞✟✙ ✔✞ ✒✑✎✖✞✐ ✌✞✎✕✠✑✌ ☞✖✐✗ ✒☞✚✚✕✖✓ ✒✔✞
✟✞✒✒✞✎ ✠✖ ✔✕✌ ✐✞✌✏✗ ❧✠✘✘✞✖✒✞✐✗ ✛✜✔☞✒ ❢☞✕✒✔✢ ✣ ✡✕✌✔ ✣
✔☞✐ ✒✔✞ ❢☞✕✒✔ ✠❢ ✒✔✞ ✘☞✖ ✡✔✠ ✡✎✠✒✞ ✒✔✕✌ ✟✞✒✒✞✎✳
❙✒☞✎✒✕✖✓ ✑✚ ☞ ❧✠✎✎✞✌✚✠✖✐✞✖❧✞ ✡✕✒✔ ✤✠✐✢✥
❙✠✗ ✕✖ ✠✎✐✞✎ ✖✠✒ ✒✠ ✌✔☞✏✞ ✒✔✞ ✡✎✕✒✞✎✦✌ ❢☞✕✒✔ ✕✖ ✤✠✐✗
✒✔✞ ✚✠✌✒✘☞✌✒✞✎ ❧☞✘✞ ✑✚ ✡✕✒✔ ☞✖ ✕✐✞☞t ☞✖✌✡✞✎ ✒✔✞
✟✞✒✒✞✎✳ ✧✑✒ ✡✔✞✖ ✔✞ ✠✚✞✖✞✐ ✕✒✗ ✕✒ ✡☞✌ ✞★✕✐✞✖✒ ✒✔☞✒ ✒✠
☞✖✌✡✞✎ ✕✒ ✔✞ ✖✞✞✐✞✐ ✌✠✘✞✒✔✕✖✓ ✘✠✎✞ ✒✔☞✖ ✓✠✠✐✡✕✟✟✗
✕✖✏ ☞✖✐ ✚☞✚✞✎✳ ✧✑✒ ✔✞ ✌✒✑❧✏ ✒✠ ✔✕✌ ✎✞✌✠✟✑✒✕✠✖t ✔✞
☞✌✏✞✐ ❢✠✎ ✘✠✖✞✙ ❢✎✠✘ ✔✕✌ ✞✘✚✟✠✙✞✞✌✗ ✔✞ ✔✕✘✌✞✟❢ ✓☞★✞
✚☞✎✒ ✠❢ ✔✕✌ ✌☞✟☞✎✙✗ ☞✖✐ ✌✞★✞✎☞✟ ❢✎✕✞✖✐✌ ✠❢ ✔✕✌ ✡✞✎✞
✠✍✟✕✓✞✐ ✒✠ ✓✕★✞ ✌✠✘✞✒✔✕✖✓ ♦❢✠✎ ☞✖ ☞❧✒ ✠❢ ❧✔☞✎✕✒✙✦✳
✣✒ ✡☞✌ ✕✘✚✠✌✌✕✍✟✞ ❢✠✎ ✔✕✘ ✒✠ ✓☞✒✔✞✎ ✒✠✓✞✒✔✞✎ ✒✔✞
✔✑✖✐✎✞✐ ✚✞✌✠✌✗ ✌✠ ✔✞ ✡☞✌ ☞✍✟✞ ✒✠ ✌✞✖✐ ✒✔✞ ❢☞✎✘✞✎
✠✖✟✙ ☞ ✟✕✒✒✟✞ ✘✠✎✞ ✒✔☞✖ ✔☞✟❢✳ ✩✞ ✚✑✒ ✒✔✞ ✘✠✖✞✙ ✕✖ ☞✖
✞✖★✞✟✠✚✞ ☞✐✐✎✞✌✌✞✐ ✒✠ ❡✞✖❧✔✠ ☞✖✐ ✡✕✒✔ ✕✒ ☞ ✟✞✒✒✞✎
✄✝
✆ ❧✠✖✒☞✕✖✕✖✓ ✠✖✟✙ ☞ ✌✕✖✓✟✞ ✡✠✎✐ ☞✌ ☞ ✌✕✓✖☞✒✑✎✞t ✤✠✐✳
☎❋
✄✂ Oral Comprehension Check
✁ ✶✪ ❲✫✬ ✬✭ ✮✫✯✰ ✱✲✱ ✴✵✷✸✫✬ ✫✯✹✵ ✺✯✲✰✫ ✲✷✻ ❲✫✯✰ ✱✲✱ ✫✵ ✱✬✻
❋
✼✪ ❲✫✬ ✭✵✯✱ ✰✫✵ ✽✵✰✰✵✭✻
6 ✾✪ ❲✫✯✰ ✱✲✱ ✰✫✵ ✿✬❀✰❁✯❀✰✵✭ ✱✬ ✰✫✵✷✻

❚✔✞ ❢✠✟✟✠✡✕✖✓ ❙✑✖✐☞✙ ❡✞✖❧✔✠ ❧☞✘✞ ☞ ✍✕✒ ✞☞✎✟✕✞✎

✒✔☞✖ ✑✌✑☞✟ ✒✠ ☞✌✏ ✕❢ ✒✔✞✎✞ ✡☞✌ ☞ ✟✞✒✒✞✎ ❢✠✎ ✔✕✘✳
✣✒ ✡☞✌ ✒✔✞ ✚✠✌✒✘☞✖ ✔✕✘✌✞✟❢ ✡✔✠ ✔☞✖✐✞✐ ✒✔✞ ✟✞✒✒✞✎
✒✠ ✔✕✘ ✡✔✕✟✞ ✒✔✞ ✚✠✌✒✘☞✌✒✞✎✗ ✞❂✚✞✎✕✞✖❧✕✖✓ ✒✔✞
❧✠✖✒✞✖✒✘✞✖✒ ✠❢ ☞ ✘☞✖ ✡✔✠ ✔☞✌ ✚✞✎❢✠✎✘✞✐ ☞ ✓✠✠✐ contentment
✐✞✞✐✗ ✟✠✠✏✞✐ ✠✖ ❢✎✠✘ ✔✕✌ ✠❢❢✕❧✞✳ satisfaction
❡✞✖❧✔✠ ✌✔✠✡✞✐ ✖✠✒ ✒✔✞ ✌✟✕✓✔✒✞✌✒ ✌✑✎✚✎✕✌✞ ✠✖
✌✞✞✕✖✓ ✒✔✞ ✘✠✖✞✙s ✌✑❧✔ ✡☞✌ ✔✕✌ ❧✠✖❢✕✐✞✖❧✞ ☛ ✍✑✒
✔✞ ✍✞❧☞✘✞ ☞✖✓✎✙ ✡✔✞✖ ✔✞ ❧✠✑✖✒✞✐ ✒✔✞ ✘✠✖✞✙✳ ✤✠✐
❧✠✑✟✐ ✖✠✒ ✔☞★✞ ✘☞✐✞ ☞ ✘✕✌✒☞✏✞✗ ✖✠✎ ❧✠✑✟✐ ✔✞ ✔☞★✞
✐✞✖✕✞✐ ❡✞✖❧✔✠ ✡✔☞✒ ✔✞ ✔☞✐ ✎✞❞✑✞✌✒✞✐✳
✣✘✘✞✐✕☞✒✞✟✙✗ ❡✞✖❧✔✠ ✡✞✖✒ ✑✚ ✒✠ ✒✔✞ ✡✕✖✐✠✡ ✒✠
☞✌✏ ❢✠✎ ✚☞✚✞✎ ☞✖✐ ✕✖✏✳ ❛✖ ✒✔✞ ✚✑✍✟✕❧ ✡✎✕✒✕✖✓❃✒☞✍✟✞✗
✔✞ ✌✒☞✎✒✞✐ ✒✠ ✡✎✕✒✞✗ ✡✕✒✔ ✘✑❧✔ ✡✎✕✖✏✟✕✖✓ ✠❢ ✔✕✌ ✍✎✠✡✗
❧☞✑✌✞✐ ✍✙ ✒✔✞ ✞❢❢✠✎✒ ✔✞ ✔☞✐ ✒✠ ✘☞✏✞ ✒✠ ✞❂✚✎✞✌✌ ✔✕✌
✕✐✞☞✌✳ ✜✔✞✖ ✔✞ ❢✕✖✕✌✔✞✐✗ ✔✞ ✡✞✖✒ ✒✠ ✒✔✞ ✡✕✖✐✠✡ ✒✠
✍✑✙ ☞ ✌✒☞✘✚ ✡✔✕❧✔ ✔✞ ✟✕❧✏✞✐ ☞✖✐ ✒✔✞✖ ☞❢❢✕❂✞✐ ✒✠
✥✦✧ ✧★✩✧✪✫✬✧ ✭✮✥✦ ✯ ✰✪✫✭ ✫✱ ✦✮✲ ✱✮✲✥✴ ✵✦✧ ✺✫✺✧★✥
✥✦✧ ✪✧✥✥✧✻ ✱✧✪✪ ✮★✥✫ ✥✦✧ ✺✯✮✪✰✫✼ ✥✦✧ ✬✫✲✥✺✯✲✥✧✻ ✭✧★✥
✥✫ ✫✬✧★ ✮✥✴ ✽✥ ✲✯✮✾✿ ❀❁✫✾✿ ❂✱ ✥✦✧ ✺✫★✧❃ ✥✦✯✥ ✽ ✯✲❄✧✾
✱✫✻❅ ✫★✪❃ ✲✧✩✧★✥❃ ✬✧✲✫✲ ✻✧✯❡✦✧✾ ✺✧✴ ❇✧★✾ ✺✧ ✥✦✧ 7
✻✧✲✥❅ ✲✮★❡✧ ✽ ★✧✧✾ ✮✥ ✩✧✻❃ ✺r❡✦✴ ❈r✥ ✾✫★❊✥ ✲✧★✾ ✮✥ ✥✫
✺✧ ✥✦✻✫r♠✦ ✥✦✧ ✺✯✮✪ ✰✧❡✯r✲✧ ✥✦✧ ✬✫✲✥ ✫✱✱✮❡✧
✧✺✬✪✫❃✧✧✲ ✯✻✧ ✯ ✰r★❡✦ ✫✱ ❡✻✫✫❄✲✴ ❋✧★❡✦✫✴❍
Oral Comprehension Check
■❏ ❑▼◆ ❖P◗❘❙❚ ◆❯❱❳❱❨◆P❩ ❬❚ ❭❨◗❩ ▼ ❪P❬❬P❱ ❭❚❱ ❙❨❫ ❴❨❬❙ ❫❚◗P❵ ❨◗ ❨❬❜ ❆
❝❏ ❑❙▼❬ ❫▼❩P ❙❨❫ ▼◗❞❱❵❜ ▲
✁✁
✂
✁t
●t
✄
✶✳ ❲☎✆ ✝✆✞✟ ✠✞✡☛☎✆ ☎☞✌✞ ☛✆✍✎✏✞✑✞ ✒☞✓✑☎ ✓✡✔ ❲☎✓☛☎ ✟✞✡✑✞✡☛✞✟ ✓✡ ✑☎✞ ✟✑✆✕✖ ✑✞✏✏
✖✆② ✑☎✓✟✔
✷✳ ❲☎✖ ✝✆✞✟ ✑☎✞ ✎✆✟✑✍☞✟✑✞✕ ✟✞✡✝ ✍✆✡✞✖ ✑✆ ✠✞✡☛☎✆✔ ❲☎✖ ✝✆✞✟ ☎✞ ✟✓✗✡ ✑☎✞
✏✞✑✑✞✕ ❧✘✆✝✙✔
✸✳ ❉✓✝ ✠✞✡☛☎✆ ✑✕✖ ✑✆ ✒✓✡✝ ✆②✑ ✚☎✆ ☎☞✝ ✟✞✡✑ ✑☎✞ ✍✆✡✞✖ ✑✆ ☎✓✍✔ ❲☎✖✛❲☎✖ ✡✆✑✔
✹✳ ❲☎✆ ✝✆✞✟ ✠✞✡☛☎✆ ✑☎✓✡✜ ☎☞✟ ✑☞✜✞✡ ✑☎✞ ✕✞✟✑ ✆✒ ✑☎✞ ✍✆✡✞✖✔ ❲☎☞✑ ✓✟ ✑☎✞ ✓✕✆✡✖
✓✡ ✑☎✞ ✟✓✑②☞✑✓✆✡✔ ✐✢✞✍✞✍✣✞✕ ✑☎☞✑ ✑☎✞ ✓✕✆✡✖ ✆✒ ☞ ✟✓✑②☞✑✓✆✡ ✓✟ ☞✡ ②✡✞✤✎✞☛✑✞✝
☞✟✎✞☛✑ ✆✒ ✓✑✳ ❛✡ ✓✕✆✡✓☛ ✟✓✑②☞✑✓✆✡ ✓✟ ✟✑✕☞✡✗✞ ✆✕ ☞✍②✟✓✡✗ ✣✞☛☞②✟✞ ✓✑ ✓✟ ✑☎✞
✆✎✎✆✟✓✑✞ ✆✒ ✚☎☞✑ ✓✟ ✞✤✎✞☛✑✞✝✳♦
 ✺✳ ❆✞✟ ✠✡✟✞✟ ☛✟☞☛✌✟ ✌✍✎✟ ✏✟✑✒✡☞ ✍✑ ✠✡✟ ✞✟✓✌ ✔☞✞✌✕✖ ✗✡✓✠ ✎✍✑✕ ☞✘ ✓ ☛✟✞✙☞✑ ✔☞✚✌✕ ✛☞✚
✙✓✛ ✡✟ ✍✙✖ s☞✚ ♦✓✛ ✙✟✌✟✒✠ ✓☛☛✞☞☛✞✍✓✠✟ ✔☞✞✕✙ ✘✞☞♦ ✠✡✟ ✜☞✢ ✠☞ ✓✑✙✔✟✞ ✠✡✟ ✣✚✟✙✠✍☞✑✳

❣✞✟✟✕✛ ✑✓✍♥✟ ✙✠✚☛✍✕ ✚✑❣✞✓✠✟✘✚✌

✙✟✌✘✍✙✡ ✒☞♦✍✒✓✌ ✚✑✣✚✟✙✠✍☞✑✍✑❣

✻✳ ❚✡✟✞✟ ✓✞✟ ✠✔☞ ✎✍✑✕✙ ☞✘ ✒☞✑✘✌✍✒✠ ✍✑ ✠✡✟ ✙✠☞✞✛✤ ✜✟✠✔✟✟✑ ✡✚♦✓✑✙ ✓✑✕ ✑✓✠✚✞✟✥
✓✑✕ ✜✟✠✔✟✟✑ ✡✚♦✓✑✙ ✠✡✟♦✙✟✌♥✟✙✳ ❛☞✔ ✓✞✟ ✠✡✟✙✟ ✒☞✑✘✌✍✒✠✙ ✍✌✌✚✙✠✞✓✠✟✕✖

■✳ ✏☞☞✎ ✓✠ ✠✡✟ ✘☞✌✌☞✔✍✑❣ ✙✟✑✠✟✑✒✟ ✘✞☞♦ ✠✡✟ ✙✠☞✞✛✳

❙✚✕✕✟✑✌✛ ✓ ✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕ ✜✟❣✓✑ ✠☞ ✜✌☞✔ ✓✑✕ ✓✌☞✑❣ ✔✍✠✡ ✠✡✟ ✞✓✍✑ ♥✟✞✛ ✌✓✞❣✟
✡✓✍✌✙✠☞✑✟✙ ✜✟❣✓✑ ✠☞ ✘✓✌✌✳
➅❛✓✍✌✙✠☞✑✟✙✦ ✓✞✟ ✙♦✓✌✌ ✜✓✌✌✙ ☞✘ ✍✒✟ ✠✡✓✠ ✘✓✌✌ ✌✍✎✟ ✞✓✍✑✳ ❆ ✙✠☞✞♦ ✍✑ ✔✡✍✒✡
✡✓✍✌✙✠☞✑✟✙ ✘✓✌✌ ✍✙ ✓ ➅✡✓✍✌✙✠☞✞♦✦✳ s☞✚ ✎✑☞✔ ✠✡✓✠ ✓ ✙✠☞✞♦ ✍✙ ✜✓✕ ✔✟✓✠✡✟✞ ✔✍✠✡
✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕✙✥ ✞✓✍✑✥ ✠✡✚✑✕✟✞ ✓✑✕ ✌✍❣✡✠✑✍✑❣✳

✧★✩✪✩ ✫✪✩ ✬✭✮✮✩✪✩✯✰ ✯✫✱✩✲ ✭✯ ✬✭✮✮✩✪✩✯✰ ✴✫✪✰✲ ✵✮ ✰★✩ ✶✵✪✷✬ ✮✵✪ ✲✰✵✪✱✲✸
✄ ✬✩✴✩✯✬✭✯❞ ✵✯ ✰★✩✭✪ ✯✫✰✹✪✩✼ ✽✫✯ ✾✵✹ ✱✫✰✿★ ✰★✩ ✯✫✱✩✲ ✭✯ ✰★✩ ❀✵❁ ✶✭✰★
✝
✆ ✰★✩✭✪ ✬✩✲✿✪✭✴✰✭✵✯✲ ❀✩✷✵✶✸ ✫✯✬ ✮✭✷✷ ✭✯ ✰★✩ ❀✷✫✯❂✲❃ ❄✵✹ ✱✫✾ ✹✲✩ ✫ ✬✭✿✰✭✵✯✫✪✾
☎❋ ✰✵ ★✩✷✴ ✾✵✹✼
✄
✂✁
❣✓✌✟✥ ✔✡✍✞✌✔✍✑✕✥ ✒✛✒✌☞✑✟✥
❋
✡✚✞✞✍✒✓✑✟✥ ✠☞✞✑✓✕☞✥ ✠✛☛✡☞☞✑

8
❅✳ ❆ ♥✍☞✌✟✑✠ ✠✞☞☛✍✒✓✌ ✙✠☞✞♦ ✍✑ ✔✡✍✒✡ ✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕✙ ♦☞♥✟ ✍✑ ✓ ✒✍✞✒✌✟✤
❴❴ ❴❴ ✒ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴

❇✳ ❆✑ ✟✢✠✞✟♦✟✌✛ ✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕ ✤ ❴❴ ✓ ❴❴ ❴❴

❈✳ ❆ ♥✍☞✌✟✑✠ ✠✞☞☛✍✒✓✌ ✙✠☞✞♦ ✔✍✠✡ ♥✟✞✛ ✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕✙ ✤ ❴❴ ❴❴ ☛ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴

❉✳ ❆ ♥✍☞✌✟✑✠ ✙✠☞✞♦ ✔✡☞✙✟ ✒✟✑✠✞✟ ✍✙ ✓ ✒✌☞✚✕ ✍✑ ✠✡✟ ✙✡✓☛✟ ☞✘ ✓ ✘✚✑✑✟✌✤

❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ✑ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴

✺✳ ❆ ♥✍☞✌✟✑✠ ✙✠☞✞♦ ✔✍✠✡ ♥✟✞✛ ✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕✙✥ ✟✙☛✟✒✍✓✌✌✛ ✍✑ ✠✡✟ ✔✟✙✠✟✞✑ ❆✠✌✓✑✠✍✒
❖✒✟✓✑✤ ❴❴ ❴❴ ✞ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴

✻✳ ❆ ♥✟✞✛ ✙✠✞☞✑❣ ✔✍✑✕ ✠✡✓✠ ♦☞♥✟✙ ♥✟✞✛ ✘✓✙✠ ✍✑ ✓ ✙☛✍✑✑✍✑❣ ♦☞♥✟♦✟✑✠ ✓✑✕
✒✓✚✙✟✙ ✓ ✌☞✠ ☞✘ ✕✓♦✓❣✟✤ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ✌ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴ ❴❴

■■✳ ◆☞✠✍✒✟ ✡☞✔ ✠✡✟ ✔☞✞✕ ➅✡☞☛✟✦ ✍✙ ✚✙✟✕ ✍✑ ✠✡✟✙✟ ✙✟✑✠✟✑✒✟✙ ✘✞☞♦ ✠✡✟ ✙✠☞✞✛✤
❊✓● ■ ✡☞☛✟ ✍✠ ❊✠✡✟ ✡✓✍✌✙✠☞✞♦● ☛✓✙✙✟✙ ✣✚✍✒✎✌✛✳
❊✜● ❚✡✟✞✟ ✔✓✙ ✓ ✙✍✑❣✌✟ ✡☞☛✟✤ ✡✟✌☛ ✘✞☞♦ ❍☞✕✳
■✑ ✠✡✟ ✘✍✞✙✠ ✟✢✓♦☛✌✟✥ ➅✡☞☛✟✦ ✍✙ ✓ ♥✟✞✜ ✔✡✍✒✡ ♦✟✓✑✙ ✛☞✚ ✔✍✙✡ ✘☞✞ ✙☞♦✟✠✡✍✑❣ ✠☞
✡✓☛☛✟✑✳ ■✑ ✠✡✟ ✙✟✒☞✑✕ ✟✢✓♦☛✌✟ ✍✠ ✍✙ ✓ ✑☞✚✑ ♦✟✓✑✍✑❣ ✓ ✒✡✓✑✒✟ ✘☞✞ ✙☞♦✟✠✡✍✑❣
✠☞ ✡✓☛☛✟✑✳
⑨✞✟❭❬ ✟❬✆ ✌✆❩✟✆❩❭✆✌ ✠❩ ☛❨✝☞⑩❩ ❶ ❫✠✟❬ ✟❬✆ ⑩✆✞❩✠❩❣✌ ❨❷ ❸❬❨❹✆❺ ✠❩ ☛❨✝☞⑩❩ ❻❢

q ♠

❤☎ ❛✜✙✙ ✶✎❂ ✢✔✒ ✒✓✔ ✕❂❜❲✔✗✒✕ ✶✎❂ ✷✑✖✒ ➊ ✑ ❀✔✔✙✜✖✢ ✒✓✑✒ ✕✎✚✔✒✓✜✖✢ ✢✎✎✵ ✷✜✙✙
✒✎ ✕✒❂✵✶ ✜✖ ✗✎✙✙✔✢✔✉ ✻✛✎❜✑❜✙✶ ✓✑✻✻✔✖
■ ✤✥✇★ ✕✎☎ ➊ ✒✓✜✖✏✜✖✢ ✒✓✑✒ ✒✓✜✕ ✷✎❂✙✵ ✓✑✻✻✔✖
❥☎ ■ ✤✥✇★ ✶✎❂ ✵✎✖✿✒ ✚✜✖✵ ✚✶ ✕✑✶✜✖✢ ✭■✒ ✚✑✶ ✎✛ ✚✑✶ ✖✎✒ ✓✑❁✔ ✓✑✻✻✔✖✔✵☎✮
✒✓✜✕✸ ❜❂✒ ■ ✵✎✖✿✒ ✙✜✏✔ ✒✓✔ ✷✑✶ ✶✎❂ ➊ ✕✒✎✻✻✔✵ ❜✔✙✜✔❁✜✖✢ ✒✓✑✒ ✒✓✜✕ ✢✎✎✵
✑✛✔ ✑✛✢❂✜✖✢☎
✒✓✜✖✢ ✷✎❂✙✵ ✓✑✻✻✔✖
✈☎ ❚✓✜✕ ✵✜✕✗✎❁✔✛✶ ✷✜✙✙ ✢✜❁✔ ✖✔✷ ✤✥✇★
➊ ✷ ✑✖ ✒✜ ✖ ✢ ✕ ✎ ✚✔ ✒✓ ✜ ✖ ✢ ✒✎ ✓ ✑ ✻ ✻✔ ✖
✒✎ ①■❦②✘■③❧ ✕❂❀❀✔✛✔✛✕☎
✭✑✖✵ ✒✓✜✖✏✜✖✢ ✜✒ ♦❂✜✒✔ ✻✎✕✕✜❜✙✔✮
④☎ ❛✔ ✷✔✛✔ ✤✥✇✩✧❡ ✲❡✲✩✧✪✰ ✤✥✇★ ✒✓✑✒
➊ ✕✓✎✷✜✖ ✢ ✗✎✖✗✔✛✖ ✒✓✑✒ ✷✓✑✒ ✶✎❂
✒✓✔ ❲❂✵✢✔✕ ✷✎❂✙✵ ✖✎✒ ✖✎✒✜✗✔ ✎❂✛ ✕✑✶ ✕✓✎❂✙✵ ✖✎✒ ✎❀❀✔✖✵ ✎✛ ✵✜✕✒❂✛❜
✚✜✕✒✑✏✔✕☎ ✒✓✔ ✎✒✓✔✛ ✻✔✛✕✎✖♣ ✑ ✷✑✶ ✎❀ ❜✔✜✖✢
⑤☎ ■ ✗ ✑✙ ✙ ✔ ✵ ✔ ✑✛ ✙ ✶ ✩✧ ✰✤ ★ ✤ ✥✇ ★ ✥ ✫ ✻✎✙✜✒✔
✕✻✔✑✏✜✖✢ ✒✎ ✓✔✛ ❜✔❀✎✛✔ ✕✓✔ ✷✔✖✒ ➊ ✷✜✕✓✜✖✢ ❀✎✛ ✕✎✚✔✒✓✜✖✢ ✒✎ ✓✑✻✻✔✖✸
✒✎ ✕✗✓✎✎✙☎
✑✙✒✓✎❂✢✓ ✒✓✜✕ ✜✕ ❁✔✛✶ ❂✖✙✜✏✔✙✶
⑥☎ ⑦❂✕✒ ✷✓✔✖ ✔❁✔✛✶❜✎✵✶ ✓✑✵ ❡✩⑧★✧ ✺✇
✤✥✇★✸ ✒✓✔ ❀✜✕✓✔✛✚✔✖ ✗✑✚✔ ❜✑✗✏✸
✕✔❁✔✖ ✵✑✶✕ ✑❀✒✔✛ ✒✓✔ ✗✶✗✙✎✖✔☎

■■■☎ ❘✆✝✞✟✠✡✆ ☛✝✞☞✌✆✌

9
✍✎✎✏ ✑✒ ✒✓✔✕✔ ✕✔✖✒✔✖✗✔✕

✭✑✮ ✘✙✙ ✚✎✛✖✜✖✢ ✍✔✖✗✓✎ ➋ ✣✤✥ ✦✧★✣ ✤✩✪ ✫✩★✬✯✪ ✩✧✰✩✱✲✰★✬✳ ✴ ✙✎✎✏✔✵ ✑✒
✒✓✔ ✕✏✶☎

✭❜✮ ❚✓✔ ✷✎✚✑✖✸ ✣✤✥ ✣✲✪ ✇✹★✇✲✹✩✧❡ ✪✺✇✇★✹✸ ✛✔✻✙✜✔✵✸ ✼✽✔✕✸ ✾✎✵ ✷✜✙✙✜✖✢☎✿✿

❚✓✔ ✜✒✑✙✜✗✜✕✔✵ ✻✑✛✒✕ ✎❀ ✒✓✔ ✕✔✖✒✔✖✗✔✕ ✢✜❁✔ ❂✕ ✚✎✛✔ ✜✖❀✎✛✚✑✒✜✎✖ ✑❜✎❂✒ ✍✔✖✗✓✎
✑✖✵ ✒✓✔ ✷✎✚✑✖☎ ❛✔ ✗✑✙✙ ✒✓✔✚ r❃❄❅❇❈❉❃ ❊❄❅❋❍❃❍☎ ❏✎✒✜✗✔ ✒✓✑✒ ✒✓✔✶ ❜✔✢✜✖ ✷✜✒✓ ❆
✑ r❃❄❅❇❈❉❃ ❑r▼◆▼❋◆ ✣✤✥☎ ❖✒✓✔✛ ✗✎✚✚✎✖ ✛✔✙✑✒✜❁✔ ✻✛✎✖✎❂✖✕ ✑✛✔ ✣✤✥✱✸ ✣✤✥✪★✸ ▲

✑✖✵ ✣✤✩P✤☎ ✁
✁
❚✓✔ ✛✔✙✑✒✜❁✔ ✗✙✑❂✕✔✕ ✜✖ ✭✑✮ ✑✖✵ ✭❜✮ ✑❜✎❁✔ ✑✛✔ ✗✑✙✙✔✵ ◆▼◆♥◗❃❙❈◆❈◆❯✸ ❜✔✗✑❂✕✔ ✂
✁
✷✔ ✑✙✛✔✑✵✶ ✏✖✎✷ ✒✓✔ ✜✵✔✖✒✜✒✶ ✎❀ ✒✓✔ ✻✔✛✕✎✖ ✒✓✔✶ ✵✔✕✗✛✜ ❜✔☎ ✍✔✖✗✓✎ ✜✕ ✑ t
✻✑✛✒✜✗❂✙✑✛ ✻✔✛✕✎✖✸ ✑✖✵ ✒✓✔✛✔ ✜✕ ✑ ✻✑✛✒✜✗❂✙✑✛ ✷✎✚✑✖ ✓✔ ✕✻✔✑✏✕ ✒✎☎ ❛✔ ✵✎✖✿✒ ●
t
✄
✖✔✔✵ ✒✓✔ ✜✖❀✎✛✚✑✒✜✎✖ ✜✖ ✒✓✔ ✛✔✙✑✒✜❁✔ ✗✙✑❂✕✔ ✒✎ ✻✜✗✏ ✒✓✔✕✔ ✻✔✎✻✙✔ ✎❂✒ ❀✛✎✚ ✑
✙✑✛✢✔✛ ✕✔✒☎

✘ ✖✎✖❱✵✔❀✜✖✜✖✢ ✛✔✙✑✒✜❁✔ ✗✙✑❂✕✔ ❂✕❂✑✙✙✶ ✓✑✕ ✑ ✗✎✚✚✑ ✜✖ ❀✛✎✖✒ ✎❀ ✜✒ ✑✖✵ ✑

✗✎✚✚✑ ✑❀✒✔✛ ✜✒ ✭✕✎✚✔ ✷✛✜✒✔✛✕ ❂✕✔ ✑ ✵✑✕✓ ✭✴✮ ✜✖✕✒✔✑✵✸ ✑✕ ✜✖ ✒✓✔ ✕✒✎✛✶✮☎ ■❀ ✒✓✔
✛✔✙✑✒✜❁✔ ✗✙✑❂✕✔ ✗✎✚✔✕ ✑✒ ✒✓✔ ✔✖✵✸ ✷✔ ❲❂✕✒ ✻❂✒ ✑ ❀❂✙✙ ✕✒✎✻☎

❳❨✠❩ ✟❬✆ ✌✆❩✟✆❩❭✆✌ ❣✠✡✆❩ ❪✆✝❨❫ ☞✌✠❩❣ ❴❵▼❝ ❴❵▼❞❝ ❴❵▼❍❃❝ ❴❵❈❊❵❝ ✞✌
✌☞ ❣❣✆✌✟ ✆s❢

❤☎ ■ ✎❀✒✔✖ ✢✎ ✒✎ ✐❂✚❜✑✜☎ ✐❂✚❜✑✜ ✜✕ ✒✓✔ ✗✎✚✚✔✛✗✜✑✙ ✗✑✻✜✒✑✙ ✎❀ ■✖✵✜✑☎ ✭✣✤✩P✤✮

❥☎ ✐✶ ✚✎✒✓✔✛ ✜✕ ✢✎✜✖✢ ✒✎ ✓✎✕✒ ✑ ❚❦ ✕✓✎✷ ✎✖ ✗✎✎✏✜✖✢☎ ❧✓✔ ✗✎✎✏✕ ❁✔✛✶

✷✔✙✙☎ ✭✣✤✥✮
 ✸✳ ❚✞✟✠✟ ✠✡☛☞✌✠✡✟☞✠☛✍✠ ✎☞✟ ✏☛✑✍✏ ✌☛ ✒✟✟✌ ✌✞✟ ✓☞✟✠✑✔✟✍✌✳ ❚✞✟✑☞ ✡✟☞✕☛☞✒✎✍✖✟
✞✎✠ ❤✟✟✍ ✟✗✖✟✘✘✟✍✌✳ ✙✇✚✛✜✢✮
✹✳ ▲✟✍✖✞☛ ✡☞✎✣✟✔ ✌☛ ✤☛✔✳ ✥✑✠ ✟✣✟✠ ✠✟✟ ✑✍✌☛ ☛✦☞ ✒✑✍✔✠✳ ✙✇✚✛✜✢✮
✺✳ ❚✞✑✠ ✒✎✍ ✖✞✟✎✌✟✔ ✒✟✳ ✧ ✌☞✦✠✌✟✔ ✞✑✒✳ ✙✇✚✛★✮
❙☛✒✟✌✑✒✟✠ ✌✞✟ ☞✟✘✎✌✑✩✟ ✡☞☛✍☛✦✍ ✑✍ ✎ ☞✟✘✎✌✑✩✟ ✖✘✎✦✠✟ ☞✟✒✎✑✍✠ ✪✞✑✔✔✟✍✫✳ ✬☛☞
✟✗✎✒✡✘✟❡ ✘☛☛✭ ✎✌ ✌✞✟ ✕✑☞✠✌ ✠✟✍✌✟✍✖✟ ☛✕ ✌✞✟ ✠✌☛☞✣✯
✙✎✮ ❚✞✟ ✞☛✦✠✟ ✰ ✌✞✟ ☛✍✘✣ ☛✍✟ ✑✍ ✌✞✟ ✟✍✌✑☞✟ ✩✎✘✘✟✣ ✰ ✠✎✌ ☛✍ ✌✞✟ ✖☞✟✠✌ ☛✕ ✎
✘☛❧ ✞✑✘✘✳
❲✟ ✖✎✍ ☞✟❧☞✑✌✟ ✌✞✑✠ ✠✟✍✌✟✍✖✟ ✎✠✯
✙❤✮ ❚✞✟ ✞☛✦✠✟ ✰ ✇✚✱✲✚ ✇✴✜ ✌✞✟ ☛✍✘✣ ☛✍✟ ✑✍ ✌✞✟ ✟✍✌✑☞✟ ✩✎✘✘✟✣ ✰ ✠✎✌ ☛✍
✌✞✟ ✖☞✟✠✌ ☛✕ ✎ ✘☛❧ ✞✑✘✘✳
✧✍ ✙✎✮❡ ✌✞✟ ☞✟✘✎✌✑✩✟ ✡☞☛✍☛✦✍ ✇✚✱✲✚ ✎✍✔ ✌✞✟ ✩✟☞❤ ✇✴✜ ✎☞✟ ✍☛✌ ✡☞✟✠✟✍✌✳
✧■✳ ❯✵✶✷✻ ✼✽✻✾✿✶❀✽✵ ❁❂❃ ❄❅❆❇✾✵✶✵
❲✟ ✭✍☛❧ ✌✞✎✌ ✠✟✍✌✟✍✖✟✠ ❧✑✌✞ ❧☛☞✔✠ ✠✦✖✞ ✎✠ ♥✛❈ ♥✛❉ ☛☞ ♥✛❉✚✱♥❊ ✠✞☛❧ ✌✞✟
✎❤✠✟✍✖✟ ☛✕ ✠☛✒✟✌✞✑✍✏❡ ☛☞ ✖☛✍✌☞✎✔✑✖✌ ✠☛✒✟✌✞✑✍✏✳ ✬☛☞ ✟✗✎✒✡✘✟✯
✄✝ ✙✎✮ ❚✞✑✠ ✣✟✎☞ ❧✟ ❧✑✘✘ ✞✎✩✟ ✍☛ ✖☛☞✍✳ ✙●☛☞✍ ❧✑✘✘ ❤✟ ✎❤✠✟✍✌✮
✆ ✙❤✮ ❚✞✟ ✞✎✑✘ ✞✎✠ ✘✟✕✌ ✍☛✌✞✑✍✏✳ ✙❍❤✠✟✍✖✟ ☛✕ ✎ ✖☞☛✡✮
☎❋ ✙✖✮ ❚✞✟✠✟ ✎☞✟✍✫✌ ☞✎✑✍✔☞☛✡✠ ✕✎✘✘✑✍✏ ✕☞☛✒ ✌✞✟ ✠✭✣❡ ✌✞✟✣ ✎☞✟ ✍✟❧ ✖☛✑✍✠✳
✄✂ ✙●☛✍✌☞✎✔✑✖✌✠ ✌✞✟ ✖☛✒✒☛✍ ✑✔✟✎ ☛✕ ❧✞✎✌ ✌✞✟ ✔☞☛✡✠ ☛✕ ❧✎✌✟☞ ✕✎✘✘✑✍✏ ✕☞☛✒
✁
❋ ✌✞✟ ✠✭✣ ✎☞✟✮
❏✦✌ ✠☛✒✟✌✑✒✠ ✍✟✏✎✌✑✩✟ ❧☛☞✔✠ ✎☞✟ ✦✠✟✔ ❑✦✠✌ ✌☛ ✟✒✡✞✎✠✑✠✟ ✎✍ ✑✔✟✎✳ ▲☛☛✭ ✎✌
10 ✌✞✟✠✟ ✠✟✍✌✟✍✖✟✠ ✕☞☛✒ ✌✞✟ ✠✌☛☞✣✯
✙✔✮ ▲✟✍✖✞☛▼✞✎✔ ✔☛✍✟ ♥✛❉✚✱♥❊ ✢◆✜✢ ❖P❉ ✠✟✟ ✌✞✟ ✠✭✣ ✌☛❧✎☞✔✠ ✌✞✟ ✍☛☞✌✞◗
✟✎✠✌✳ ✙✥✟ ✞✎✔ ✔☛✍✟ ☛✍✘✣ ✌✞✑✠✮
✙✟✮ ❚✞✟ ✒✎✍ ❧✟✍✌ ☛✦✌ ✕☛☞ ♥✛ ✛❉✚✢❘ ❘✢✴✜✛♥ ❉✚✴♥ ✌☛ ✞✎✩✟ ✌✞✟ ✡✘✟✎✠✦☞✟ ☛✕
✕✟✟✘✑✍✏ ✌✞✟ ☞✎✑✍ ☛✍ ✞✑✠ ❤☛✔✣✳ ✙✥✟ ✞✎✔ ☛✍✘✣ ✌✞✑✠ ☞✟✎✠☛✍✮
✙✕✮ ▲✟✍✖✞☛ ✠✞☛❧✟✔ ♥✛❉ ❉✚✢ ✜◆✱❊✚❉✢✜❉ ✜P❘❱❘✱✜✢ ☛✍ ✠✟✟✑✍✏ ✌✞✟ ✒☛✍✟✣✳
✙✥✟ ✠✞☛❧✟✔ ✍☛ ✠✦☞✡☞✑✠✟ ✎✌ ✎✘✘✮
❳☛❧ ✘☛☛✭ ❤✎✖✭ ✎✌ ✟✗✎✒✡✘✟ ✙✖✮✳ ❳☛✌✑✖✟ ✌✞✎✌ ✌✞✟ ✖☛✍✌☞✎✔✑✖✌✑☛✍ ✑✍ ✕✎✖✌ ✠✟☞✩✟✠ ✌☛
✟✒✡✞✎✠✑✠✟ ✌✞✟ ✩✎✘✦✟ ☛☞ ✦✠✟✕✦✘✍✟✠✠ ☛✕ ✌✞✟ ☞✎✑✍ ✌☛ ✌✞✟ ✕✎☞✒✟☞✳
❨✶✷❩ ✵✽✷✿✽✷❬✽✵ ✶✷ ✿❇✽ ✵✿❂❃❭ ❪✶✿❇ ✷✽✻✾✿✶❀✽ ❪❂❃❩✵❫ ❪❇✶❬❇ ✽❴❆❃✽✵✵ ✿❇✽
❁❂❢❢❂❪✶✷✻ ✶❩✽✾✵ ✽❅❆❇✾✿✶❬✾❢❢❭❵
❛✳ ❚✞✟ ✌☞✟✟✠ ✘☛✠✌ ✎✘✘ ✌✞✟✑☞ ✘✟✎✩✟✠✳

❜✳ ❚✞✟ ✘✟✌✌✟☞ ❧✎✠ ✎✔✔☞✟✠✠✟✔ ✌☛ ✤☛✔ ✞✑✒✠✟✘✕✳

✸✳ ❚✞✟ ✡☛✠✌✒✎✍ ✠✎❧ ✌✞✑✠ ✎✔✔☞✟✠✠ ✕☛☞ ✌✞✟ ✕✑☞✠✌ ✌✑✒✟ ✑✍ ✞✑✠ ✖✎☞✟✟☞✳
 ❱✳ ✺✻✼✽✾✿❀❁❂
❚✕✝ ✘✟✡✏ ✱✣✥✦✧★✩✪ ✒✟✖✝✙ ✑✡✟✖ ☎ ❃✡✝✝✛ ✘✟✡✏ ✖✝☎☞✌☞✍ ❛✎✡☎☞✙✑✝✡✴✳ ❄✝✎☎❤✕✟✡✙
✒✟✖❤☎✡✝ ✎✘✟ ✎✕✌☞✍✙ ✟✡ ✌✏✝☎✙❝ ☎ ❅✠☎✓✌✎✞ ✟✡ ✑✝☎✎✠✡✝ ✟✑ ✟☞✝ ✎✕✌☞✍ ✌✙ ✎✡☎☞✙✑✝✡✡✝✏
✎✟ ☎☞✟✎✕✝✡ ✎✕✌☞✍✳ ✚✟✖✝ ✒✟✖✖✟☞ ✖✝✎☎❤✕✟✡✙ ☎✡✝
⑩ ❇❉❊ ❋❊■ ❏❑ ❇❉❊ ❇◆P❋❊❙ ❚✕✝ ✓✝✍ ✙✠❤❤✟✡✎✙ ✟✠✡ ☛✟✏✞✳ ✚✟ ✎✕✝ ✟☛❯✝✒✎ ✎✕☎✎ ✙✠❤❤✟✡✎✙
☎ ✎☎☛✓✝ ✌✙ ✏✝✙✒✡✌☛✝✏ ☎✙ ☎ ✓✝✍✳
⑩ ❇❉❊ ❉❊◆❲❇ ❏❑ ❇❉❊ ❳❨❇❩❙ ❚✕✝ ✕✝☎✡✎ ✌✙ ☎☞ ✌✖❤✟✡✎☎☞✎ ✟✡✍☎☞ ✌☞ ✎✕✝ ✒✝☞✎✡✝ ✟✑ ✟✠✡
☛✟✏✞✳ ✚✟ ✎✕✌✙ ✘✟✡✏ ✌✙ ✠✙✝✏ ✎✟ ✏✝✙✒✡✌☛✝ ✎✕✝ ✒✝☞✎✡☎✓ ☎✡✝☎ ✟✑ ☎ ✒✌✎✞✳
❬❭ ✾✽❪❁❂❫ ❴❪❭❵ ❜✻✼✽✾✿❀❁❂ ❴❁❀❜ ✼✿✻ ❂✼❀❁❞ ✼❀ ❡❀❜✾❢✻✼✻ ✼✿✻ ✼✽❣❢✻ ❣✻❢❀✐❥ ❦❁❞
✼❀ ❂✽❞ ✐✿✽✼ ❧♠✽❢❪✼❪✻❂ ✽❁✻ ❣✻❪❭♥ ❡❀❜✾✽❁✻❵❥ ♦❭✻ ✿✽❂ ❣✻✻❭ ❵❀❭✻ ❴❀❁ ❞❀♠❥
❖✜✢✣✤✥ ▼✣✥✦✧★✩✪ ◗✫✦✬✭✥✮ ✩✪ ✯✣✦✥✫✪✣ ✰✩✱✧✦✪✣✲
❈✓✟✠✏ ❍✠✍✝ ✖✟✠☞✎☎✌☞✙ ❚✕✝ ✖☎✙✙ ✟✡ ❛✕✠✍✝☞✝✙✙✴
✟✑ ✒✓✟✠✏✙ ✟✑ ✖✟✠☞✎☎✌☞✙

❘☎✌☞✏✡✟❤✙

❍☎✌✓✙✎✟☞✝✙
11

✵✟✒✠✙✎✙

❆
▲
✶☞ ✝❤✌✏✝✖✌✒ ✷☎ ✏✌✙✝☎✙✝✸ ✁✁
✎✕☎✎ ✙❤✡✝☎✏✙ ✆✝✡✞ ✡☎❤✌✏✓✞ ✂
☎☞✏ ✓✝☎✆✝✙ ✖☎☞✞ ❤✝✟❤✓✝ ✏✝☎✏ ✁t
●t
✶☞ ✟✹ ✟✑ ☎ ✖☎☞ ✄

❍☎✆✝ ✞✟✠ ✝✆✝✡ ☛✝✝☞ ✌☞ ✍✡✝☎✎ ✏✌✑✑✌✒✠✓✎✞✔ ☎☞✏ ✑✝✓✎ ✎✕☎✎ ✟☞✓✞ ☎ ✖✌✡☎✒✓✝ ✒✟✠✓✏
✕✝✓❤ ✞✟✠✗ ❍✟✘ ✘☎✙ ✞✟✠✡ ❤✡✟☛✓✝✖ ✙✟✓✆✝✏✗ ✚❤✝☎✛ ☎☛✟✠✎ ✎✕✌✙ ✌☞ ✒✓☎✙✙ ✘✌✎✕
✞✟✠✡ ✎✝☎✒✕✝✡✳
 ▲☛✒☞✟✘ ☞✎ ☞✞✟ ✏✟☞☞✟✡ ✓✑☛✛✟✘ ✗✘t✟✡ ✜✢✘ ❚✞☛✒ ▲✟✒✒✎✘✣✕ ✡✟✌t ✎✗☞ ❜✔ ✔✎✗✡ ☞✟✌✖✞✟✡✤✎✘
☞✞✟ ✌✗t☛✎ ☞✌✍✟✥ ✦✒ ✔✎✗ ✏☛✒☞✟✘ ✙☛✏✏ ☛✘ ☞✞✟ ☞✌❜✏✟ ✑☛✛✟✘ ❜✟✏✎✠✥

❚✞✟ ✠✡☛☞✟✡ ✌✍✎✏✎✑☛✒✟✒ ✓✒✌✔✒ ✒✎✡✡✔✕

❜✟✖✌✗✒✟

❚✞✟ ✠✡☛☞✟✡ ✞✌✒ ✒✟✘☞ ☞✞☛✒ ☞✎

☞✞✟ ✡✟✌t✟✡

❚✞✟ ✠✡☛☞✟✡ ✒✟✘☞ ☛☞ ☛✘ ☞✞✟

♠✎✘☞✞ ✎✙

❚✞✟ ✡✟✌✒✎✘ ✙✎✡ ✘✎☞ ✠✡☛☞☛✘✑

✟✌✡✏☛✟✡

✄✝ ❙✌✡✌✞ ✑✎✟✒ ☞✎
✆
☎❋
✄✂
✁ ❲✞✎ ☛✒ ✠✡☛☞☛✘✑ ☞✎ ✠✞✎♠✚
❋
❲✞✟✡✟ ✌✘t ✠✞✟✘ ✠✟✡✟ ☞✞✟✔
12
✏✌✒☞ ☞✎✑✟☞✞✟✡✚

WHAT WE HAVE DONE

• Introduced students to the story that they are going to read.
• Related a thought-provoking story about the nature of belief.
• Helped students, through an interesting activity, to understand something that
happens in the story — how to send money using a money order.
• Guided them through the reading activity by providing periodic comprehension checks
as they read, and checked for holistic understanding at the end of the reading activity.
• Provided interesting exercises to strengthen students’ grasp of the specific vocabulary
found in the story, and also introduced them to related vocabulary.
• Explained specific areas of grammar — non-defining relative clauses and the use of
negatives for emphasis — providing illustrations from the text, and exercises for practice.
• Explained what metaphors are, and helped students identify metaphors in the text
by providing clues.
• Provided a context for authentic speaking.
• Provided an interesting listening activity.
 Given below is the passage for listening activity
Bhatt House
256, Circuit Road
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
25 January 2006
Dear Arti,
How are you? I’m sorry I haven’t written for a very long time. I think I last
sent you a birthday card in the month of September 2005.
We have just moved house (see our new address above). This is our new
home. Sarah has just about started going to school. We have admitted her to
‘Little Feet’ as this is very close to our new home.
I’m sitting here by the window sill, writing to you. There is a slight drizzle outside
and I’m reminded of the good times we had together at Bangalore last year.
Do write back. Love,
Jaya

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Before You Read: Encourage students to share their ideas about what will happen in the
story.
Activity : Before filling out the form, get the students to read through the form and
decide which parts they should fill out, and which parts will be filled in by the postal
department. Ask a few students to volunteer to actually send a money order (the
amount need not be large) and share the experience with the rest of the class. 13
Reading: Break the text up into manageable chunks for reading (three paragraphs, for
example), and encourage students to read silently, on their own. Give them enough
time to read, and then discuss what they have read before going on to the next portion.
Use the ‘Oral Comprehension Checks’ in the appropriate places, and use the ‘Thinking
about the Text’ questions at the end of the passage to help them go beyond the text.
Grammar: After they have done the exercise, ask students to make their own sentences ❆

with non-defining relative clauses — for example, ‘Meena, who’s a very clever girl, is ▲

always first in class.’ Or, ‘Our gardener, who knows a lot about plants, loves to talk ✁

about them.’
✁

Speaking: Take the first turn — talk to the students about an instance from your own ✁

life, or from that of someone you know.

t

✄
 ❉ ✁✂ ♦✄ ❙☎♦✆
❚✝✞
✍✝✌✌✎ ✟✠✡ ✠
✏✌✟✑ ☛☞✌✟
✌✑ ✒✞
❚✝✞ ✏✓✔✕ ✌✖ ✔✑✌✟
❋☞✌✒ ✠ ✝✞✒✗✌☛✎ ✕☞✞✞
❍✠✔ ✘✙✚✞✑
❆❆✑✏☛✝✠✑✘✞ ✒✡ ✝✞✠☞✕
✒✌✌✏✛✠☞✕
✌✖✔✌✒✞
✔✠✚✞✏
❖✖ ✠ ✏✠✡ ✜ ✝✠✏ ☞✓✞✏✢
❘✣✤✥✦✧ ★✦✣✩✧
❤✪✫✬✭✮✯✿ ✰ ✱✲✳✴✲✵✲✶✴
r❃✪❄✿ ❀✼✷❅ ✳✵ ✻✼❇✻✼✹ ✱✷✸ ✵✹ ✺ ✹✻✼✼✽ ✾✳✹❀ ✴❁✸✷✷ ✾❀✳✹✼ ❂ ✷✲ ✾✼✻✴
✴ ✱✲✼❁ ✹❀✳✱✻✼✴✼✵✹✴
❈❀✳❬❑✲❁✱✸✻✼ ✴ ✲✹❀✼✻ ✸ ❁✲❁✼✵✹
▲✶✲✹✸✹✳ ✲ ✹❀✸✹❂✻✲❁✴✼✼❁✴▼✲●✼✻✹✴✳❁✱✷◆✻✲✴✹✿
✵ ✼❊ ●✶✹P✰✷❀✸✴✾✸◗✴❊
✸ ✷✸✻❇✼✻✸✷✾✸◗✴✴✳❇✵✳✸❂✳■✷✸✸✵■✼❏
✻❇✼✻
✴✳❯❏❇✵✳❲❀✸✹
❂✳■✸✵■✼❏✳✴ ❏✸ ✰P❅✶✴✹✷✳✹✹✷✼✲❂✹❀✳✴✵✲✾s❱
✵❇ ✹✲✶■❀✼✴ ✸ ✷✸ ✻❇✼✻ ✹❀✳ ✵ ❇❏s✽
❲❀✸✹ ❅✲✼✴ ✹❀✼ ✱✲✼✹ ✴✸◗ ❀✸✴ ■❀✸✵❇✼❅ ❀✳✴ ❁✲✲❅❱
❩❏ ❳✲✾ ❳✲✾ ❀✸✴ ✹❀✼
❅✲✼✴✹✲◆✻✲✴✹✱✲✼✹❨ ✴ ❁✲✲❅
✱✻✼✴✼✵✹ ■❀✸✵❇✼❅❱
✵✸✹✶✻✼ ✳✵ ✹❀✳✴ ✱✲✼❁❱ ❈❀✼ ❂✲✷ ✲✾✳✵❇ ▲✶✼✴✹✳✲✵✴ ❁✸◗
❀✼✷✺✳✽✱ ❲❀✸✹
◗✲✶ ✹❀✳
✸✻✼ ✹❀✼✵ ❭ ✲❂
●✳ ✻✸✵
❅✴ ✸✵✴✾✼✻❏
✹❀✸✹ ✸✻✼ ✶✴✶✸✷ ✷◗ ✵✸❁✼❅ ✳✵ ✱✲✼❁✴❱ ❪✲ ◗✲✶ ✹❀✳ ✵❭ ✸
■✻✲✾ ✳◗✲✶
✾❀✼✵ ✴ ✲❂✹✹❀✳✼✵✵❭❁✼✵✹✳ ✲❂ ✸✲■✻✲✾❱
✵✼❅ ✳✵ ✱✲✼❁✴❱ ❲❀✸✹ ✳❁✸❇✼✴ ■✲❁✼ ✹✲ ◗✲✶✻ ❁✳✵❅
✺✳✳✽ ✰❇✸✳
❁✲✻✼ ✵❊♠●✾❀✸✹
✼✸✶✹✳ ❂✳✶✴✷❨P✸✹✻✼✼❀✼❁✷✴✶■❀✲■❭✸✴✹✻✼✼s❱
✸ ❁✸✱✷ ❲❀◗
✼ ❊ ✲✻❅✲✼✴✵❨
✸✵ ✹ ✹❀✼✲✻ ✱✲✼✹
✲✸❭❊ ✸ ✱✳✵ ✾✻✳✼❱ ✹✼ ✸●✲✶✹ ✸
✺✳✳ ✽ ❲❀✸✹
✹❀✼ ❅✲ ✹❀✼✲❂ ✴✵✲✾
❅✶✴✹ ♠■✻✲✾❨✹❀✸✹✸✵❅✹❀✼♠❀✼❁✷■✻✲✾✲■❭❨✴❀✸❭✼✴
✻✼✱✻✼✴✼✵✹✲❂❂ ✸❫❀✼❁✷❴✲◗ ✲✲✻■❭✴✲✻✻✲✾❱
✹✻✼✼ ✴✹✸✵❅❲❀✸✹❂✲✻❱❅✲✼✴
❵❏ ✼❡✱✼✻✳
❳✸❛✼ ✼✹❀✼✻✼ ✸ ✴✳❁✳✹✳✷✸❁✻ ✼✴❁✲❁✼✵✹
✵■✼❅ ●✼✼✵ ✾❀✼✵ ✹❀✸✹ ❂✼✷✹ ❅✼✱✻✼✴✴✼❅
◗✲✶ ■❀✸✵❇✼❅ ◗✲✶✻ ❁✲✲❅ ✲✻ ❀✲✱✼✷
✹❀✸✹✼❅✸◗❱
✴✴❱ ❳✸❛✼ ◗✲✶
 ✢✣✤✦ ❛✧★ ✩✪✦

❙ ✁✂ ✄☎✆ ✝✞✂ ✟ ✠✡☛ ✟☞✡✡ ✂✌☛ ☞✌ ✍☞✠✂

❙ ✁✂ ✄☎✆ ☞✌ ☞✎✂✏
❋✠ ✁ ✟✞☎✝ ✑✒✓✂ ✝☎✄✝✂☛ ✍ ☛✂✄☞✠✂
✑ ✞ ✡☛ ✟☞✝✞ ✝✞ ✄✂ ✟✞ ✍☎✓ ■✠ ✍☞✠✂✏

❇■✝ ☞✍ ☞✝ ✞☎☛ ✝ ✔✂✠☞✄✞ ✝✟☞✎✂✕

✑ ✝✞☞✌✖ ✑ ✖✌ ✟ ✂✌ ■✗✞ ✍ ✞☎✝✂
❚ ✄☎✆ ✝✞☎✝ ✍ ✠ ☛✂✄✝✠■✎✝☞ ✌ ☞✎✂
✑✄ ☎✡✄ ✗✠✂☎✝
❆✌☛ ✟ ■✡☛ ✄■✍✍☞✎✂✏
❘❖✘✙✚✛ ✥✚❖✜✛

♣✫✬✭✮✯✿ ✰✱✲
✮s✳✳✭✴✫✿ ✵✲ ✶✷✸✸✱✹✱✲✺✻

✼✽ ✾❀✲❁✲ ❂❁✲ ❃❂✺❄ ✱✰✲❂✶ ❂✵❅✷✻ ❀❅❈ ✻❀✲ ❈❅❁❉✰ ❈✱❉❉ ❊✲✺✰●✽ ❍❅ ❄❅✷ ✻❀✱✺❏ ✻❀✲ ❈❅❁❉✰
❈✱❉❉ ✲✺✰ ✶❅❃✲ ✰❂❄✇ ❑❂▲✲ ❄❅✷ ✲▲✲❁ ✻❀❅✷▼❀✻ ❈❀❂✻ ❈❅✷❉✰ ❀❂◆◆✲✺ ✱✸ ✻❀✲ ✶✷✺ ▼❅✻
✶❅ ❀❅✻ ✻❀❂✻ ✱✻ ❊✵✷❁✶✻●P ❅❁ ▼❁✲❈ ✹❅❉✰✲❁ ❂✺✰ ✹❅❉✰✲❁✇
◗✽ ❯❅❁ ❯❁❅✶✻P ❈❀❂✻ ✰❅ ❊✸✱❁✲● ❂✺✰ ❊✱✹✲● ✶✻❂✺✰ ✸❅❁✇ ❑✲❁✲ ❂❁✲ ✶❅❃✲ ✱✰✲❂✶✿
▼❁✲✲✰ ❂▲❂❁✱✹✲ ✹❁✷✲❉✻❄ ❉✷✶✻
✹❅✺✸❉✱✹✻ ✸✷❁❄ ✱✺✻❅❉✲❁❂✺✹✲ ❁✱▼✱✰✱✻❄
✱✺✶✲✺✶✱✻✱▲✱✻❄ ✹❅❉✰✺✲✶✶ ✱✺✰✱✸✸✲❁✲✺✹✲ ❀❂✻❁✲✰

❱✽ ❲❀❂✻ ✱✶ ✻❀✲ ❁❀❄❃✲ ✶✹❀✲❃✲ ❅✸ ✻❀✲ ◆❅✲❃✇ ❑❅❈ ✰❅✲✶ ✱✻ ❀✲❉◆ ✱✺ ✵❁✱✺▼✱✺▼ ❅✷✻ ✻❀✲
✹❅✺✻❁❂✶✻✱✺▼ ✱✰✲❂✶ ✱✺ ✻❀✲ ◆❅✲❃✇
BEFORE YOU READ
➉ ➅ ✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟✠ ✞✡ ✂ ✁☛☞✞☎✞✌✂☞ ✡✍✡☎✝✎ ☎✆✂☎ ✡✝✁✂✄✂☎✝✡ ✁✝☛✁☞✝ ✂✌✌☛✄✟✞✏✑
☎☛ ☎✆✝✞✄ ✄✂✌✝t ✒✂✏ ✍☛✓ ✡✂✍ ✔✆✞✌✆ ☛✕ ☎✆✝ ☎✆✄✝✝ ✌☛✓✏☎✄✞✝✡ ✏✂✎✝✟
❜✝☞☛✔ ✆✂✟ ✡✓✌✆ ✂ ✁☛☞✞☎✞✌✂☞ ✡✍✡☎✝✎ ✓✏☎✞☞ ✖✝✄✍ ✄✝✌✝✏☎☞✍✗
✭✞✘ ✙✏✞☎✝✟ ✚☎✂☎✝✡ ☛✕ ✎✝✄✞✌✂ ✭✞✞✘ ✚☛✓☎✆ ✕✄✞✌✂ ✭✞✞✞✘ ✓✡☎✄✂☞✞✂
➉ ❍✂✖✝ ✍☛✓ ✆✝✂✄✟ ☛✕ ✛✝☞✡☛✏ ✜✂✏✟✝☞✂✗ ✜✂✏✟✝☞✂✢ ✂✏✟ ✆✞✡ ✕✄✞✌✂✏
✛✂☎✞☛✏✂☞ ✒☛✏✑✄✝✡✡✢ ✡✁✝✏☎ ✂ ☞✞✕✝☎✞✎✝ ✕✞✑✆☎✞✏✑ ✂✑✂✞✏✡☎ ✂✁✂✄☎✆✝✞✟t
✜✂✏✟✝☞✂ ✆✂✟ ☎☛ ✡✁✝✏✟ ☎✆✞✄☎✍ ✍✝✂✄✡ ✞✏ ✁✄✞✡☛✏t ▼✞✏✂☞☞✍✢ ✟✝✎☛✌✄✂☎✞✌
✝☞✝✌☎✞☛✏✡ ✔✝✄✝ ✆✝☞✟ ✞✏ ✚☛✓☎✆ ✕✄✞✌✂ ✞✏ ❡✣✣✤✢ ✂✏✟ ✜✂✏✟✝☞✂ ❜✝✌✂✎✝
☎✆✝ ✕✞✄✡☎ ❜☞✂✌✥ ✦✄✝✡✞✟✝✏☎ ☛✕ ✂ ✏✝✔ ✏✂☎✞☛✏t
■✏ ☎✆✞✡ ✝✧☎✄✂✌☎ ✕✄☛✎ ✆✞✡ ✂✓☎☛❜✞☛✑✄✂✁✆✍✢ ▲★✩✪ ✫❛✬✮ ✯★ ✰✱✲✲✳★✴✢
✜✂✏✟✝☞✂ ✡✁✝✂✥✡ ✂❜☛✓☎ ✂ ✆✞✡☎☛✄✞✌ ☛✌✌✂✡✞☛✏✢ ➅☎✆✝ ✞✏✂✓✑✓✄✂☎✞☛✏✠t ✒✂✏
✍☛✓ ✑✓✝✡✡ ✔✆✂☎ ☎✆✝ ☛✌✌✂✡✞☛✏ ✎✞✑✆☎ ❜✝✗ ✒✆✝✌✥ ✍☛✓✄ ✑✓✝✡✡ ✔✞☎✆
☎✆✞✡ ✏✝✔✡ ✞☎✝✎ ✭✕✄☛✎ ☎✆✝ ✵✵✒✘ ☛✕ ❡✶ ✜✂✍ ❡✣✣✤t

✷✸✹✺✻✼✸ ✽✻✾✿❀✻❁ ❂✿❃❄❅ ❆❇❈❉✾✸❊❁ ❋❉❈❁❄ ✽✼✸✾● ❏❈✻❁❉✺✻✹❄

◆✲✬❑★✩ ❖❛✩✳✲✬❛ P❛❑ ◗✲❘★✴✲ ❙★❚✯P ❯❱✱❲❘❛❳❑ ❱❲✱❑✯ ❨✬❛❘✮
❩✱✲❑❲✳✲✩✯ ❛❱✯✲✱ ✴★✱✲ ✯P❛✩ ✯P✱✲✲ ❘✲✩✯❚✱❲✲❑ ★❱ ✫P❲✯✲ ✱❚✬✲❤
❖✱ ❖❛✩✳✲✬❛❳❑ ❯❱✱❲❘❛✩ ◆❛✯❲★✩❛✬ ❬★✩✪✱✲❑❑ ❭❯◆❬❪ ❫❛✱✯❴ ❵★✩
❝❞❝ ★❱ ✯P✲ ❢❣❣ ❑✲❛✯❑ ❲✩ ✯P✲ ❱❲✱❑✯ ✳✲✴★❘✱❛✯❲❘ ✲✬✲❘✯❲★✩❑ ★❱ ❙★❚✯P
❯❱✱❲❘❛❳❑ P❲❑✯★✱❴❤
✐P✲ ❲✩❛❚✪❚✱❛✯❲★✩ ❘✲✱✲✴★✩❴ ✯★★✮ ❫✬❛❘✲ ❲✩ ✯P✲ ❥✩❲★✩
❨❚❲✬✳❲✩✪❑ ❛✴❫P❲✯P✲❛✯✱✲ ❲✩ ❩✱✲✯★✱❲❛ ✯★✳❛❴❦ ❛✯✯✲✩✳✲✳ ◗❴
❫★✬❲✯❲❘❲❛✩❑ ❛✩✳ ✳❲✪✩❲✯❛✱❲✲❑ ❱✱★✴ ✴★✱✲ ✯P❛✩ ♣❢❣ ❘★❚✩✯✱❲✲❑
❛✱★❚✩✳ ✯P✲ ❵★✱✬✳❤ ♦◆✲❧✲✱❦ ✩✲❧✲✱ ❛✪❛❲✩ ❵❲✬✬ ✯P❲❑ ◗✲❛❚✯❲❱❚✬ ✬❛✩✳
✲♠❫✲✱❲✲✩❘✲ ✯P✲ ★❫❫✱✲❑❑❲★✩ ★❱ ★✩✲ ◗❴ ❛✩★✯P✲✱❦ ♥ ❑❛❲✳ ◆✲✬❑★✩
❖❛✩✳✲✬❛ ❲✩ P❲❑ ❛✳✳✱✲❑❑❤
❹ q❚◗❲✬❛✩✯ ❑❘✲✩✲❑ ★✩ ✯P✲ ❑✯✱✲✲✯❑ ★❱ ❩✱✲✯★✱❲❛ ❱★✬✬★❵✲✳ ✯P✲
❘✲✱✲✴★✩❴ ❵❲✯P ◗✬❛❘✮❑❦ ❵P❲✯✲❑ ❛✩✳ ❘★✬★❚✱✲✳❑ ❘✲✬✲◗✱❛✯❲✩✪
✯★✪✲✯P✲✱❤❤❤ ❖★✱✲ ✯P❛✩ ♣❣❣❦❣❣❣ ❙★❚✯P ❯❱✱❲❘❛✩ ✴✲✩❦ ❵★✴✲✩
❛✩✳ ❘P❲✬✳✱✲✩ ★❱ ❛✬✬ ✱❛❘✲❑ ❑❛✩✪ ❛✩✳ ✳❛✩❘✲✳ ❵❲✯P r★❴❤
 ❀❁❂❃❄❃❂❅
■✂ ❈☎☛☞✍✂ ❆ ✁ ✟ ✌☎✍✟ ✟❡s ✟✌✌✐☎✂✌ ✎☎☞ ✆✐☛☛ ✠✐✂❞ ✐✂ ✝✞✟ ✝✟❡✝✒ ❉✁✑✟
✁ ❣☞✟✌✌ ✁✂❞ ✍✁✝✡✞ ✟✁✡✞ ✟❡s ✟✌✌✐☎✂ ✆✐✝✞ ✁✂ ✁ss ☎s ✐✁✝✟ ✍✟✁✂✐✂❣
✠ ☎✍ ❈☎☛☞✍✂ ❇✒
✾ ✿

✭✐✮ ❆ ✁✐✂✄☎✆ ➊ ❆ ❣ ✟✁✝ ✁✄✐☛✐✝✎ ✭✁☛✍☎✌✝

❣✁✝✞✟ ✐✂❣ ☎✠ ☞✂✐✍✁❣✐✂✁✄☛✟✮ ✝☎ ✟✍✁✐✂
❞✐✠✠✟ ✟✂✝ ✡☎☛☎☞ ✌ ☞✂✡✞✁✂❣✟❞ ✄✎ ✌☞✠✠✟ ✐✂❣ ✭✂☎✝ ☛☎✌✐✂❣
✁✂❞ ✂✁✝✐☎✂✌ ✞☎s✟❤ ❣☎☎❞✂✟✌✌ ☎ ✡☎☞ ✁❣✟✮
✭✐✐✮ ❚✞✟ ✌✟✁✝ ☎✠ ✆✞✐✝✟ ➊ ❆ ✞✁☛✠✏✌✟✡ ✟✝ ☛✐✠✟❤ ☛✐✑✟ ✁ ☛✐✠✟ ☛✐♦✟❞ ✐✂
✌☞s ✟✍✁✡✎ ✝✞✟ ✠✁❞✐✂❣ ☛✐❣✞✝ ✄✟✝✆✟✟✂ ✌☞✂✌✟✝
✭✐✐✐✮ ❇✟ ☎♦✟ ✆✞✟☛✍✟❞ ✁✂❞ ❞✁ ✑✂✟✌✌
✆✐✝✞ ✁ ✌✟✂✌✟ ☎✠ ➊ ❆ ✌✐❣✂ ☎✠ ✞☞✍✁✂ ✠✟✟☛✐✂❣ ✭❣☎☎❞✂✟✌✌❤
✞✐✌✝☎ ✎ ✑✐✂❞✂✟✌✌❤ s✐✝✎❤ ❦☞✌✝✐✡✟❤ ✟✝✡✒✮
✭✐♦✮ ❘✟✌✐☛✐✟✂✡✟ ✝✞✁✝ ➊ ❆ ✄✟✁☞✝✐✠☞☛ ✡☎✍✐✂❣ ✝☎❣✟✝✞✟ ☎✠
❞✟✠✐✟✌ ✝✞✟ ♦✁ ✐☎☞✌ s✟☎s☛✟✌❤ ☛✐✑✟ ✝✞✟ ✡☎☛☎☞ ✌ ✐✂
✐✍✁❣✐✂✁✝✐☎✂ ✁ ✁✐✂✄☎✆
✭♦✮ ❆ ❣☛✐✍✍✟ ☎✠ ➊ ❚✞✟ ✡✟✂✝ ✟ ☎✠ ✁✡✐✁☛ ✌☞s✟ ✐☎ ✐✝✎
✞☞✍✁✂✐✝✎ ➊ ❋✟✟☛ ❞✟✟s☛✎ ✟✍☎✝✐☎✂✁☛❤
✭♦✐✮ ❆ ✝✆✐☛✐❣✞✝ ✟✍✟✍✄✟ ✐✂❣ ✁✂❞ ☞✂❞✟ ✌✝✁✂❞✐✂❣
✟❡✐✌✝✟✂✡✟ ✁☛☛ ✝✞✟ s✁✌✝ ✟♦✟✂✝✌ ✝✞✁✝ ✞✁♦✟ ☛✟❞ 17
☞s ✝☎ ✝✞✟ ✍☎✍✟✂✝

✓❊✔✕✖ ✥✗✘ ✙✗✚✛✜✙ ✢✣✤✦✧★ ✗✛✙ ✩✪✜✗✣✳ ✫✬✣ ★✧✜ ✯✗✰★

❢ ✜ ✚ ✙ ✗ ✘ ✰ ✱ ✧ ✗ ✙ ✢ ✜ ✜ ✛ ✯ ✪✜ ✗ ✰ ✗✛ ★ ✪✘ ✢✜ ✰ ✤✜ ✦ ✜ ✙ ✢✘ (to be) besieged by
✙✤✦✛✤★✗✣✤✜✰ ✗✛✙ ✚✬✣✪✙ ✪✜✗✙✜✣✰ ✚✧✬ ✚✜✣✜ ✩✬✲✤✛✦ ★✬ to be surrounded
closely by
✯✗✘ ★✧✜✤✣ ✣✜✰✯✜✩★✰ ✢✜❢✬✣✜ ★✧✜ ✤✛ ✗♣✦♣✣✗★✤✬✛✳ ✓✧✜
✤✛✗♣✦♣✣✗★✤✬✛ ✚✬♣✪✙ ✢✜ ★✧✜ ✪✗✣✦✜✰★ ✦✗★✧✜✣✤✛✦ ✜✴✜✣ ✬❢
✤✛★✜✣✛✗★✤✬✛✗✪ ✪✜✗✙✜✣✰ ✬✛ ✵✬♣★✧ ✶❢✣✤✩✗✛ ✰✬✤✪✳
✓✧✜ ✩✜ ✣✜ ✲ ✬✛ ✤✜ ✰ ★✬✬✷ ✯ ✪ ✗ ✩✜ ✤✛ ★✧✜ ✪ ✬ ✴ ✜ ✪✘
✰✗✛✙ ✰★ ✬✛ ✜ ✗✲ ✯✧ ✤★✧ ✜ ✗★ ✣✜ ❢ ✬ ✣✲✜✙ ✢✘ ★✧✜ ✸✛ ✤✬✛ amphitheatre
:

✹♣✤✪✙✤✛✦✰ ✤✛ ✺✣✜★✬✣✤✗✳ ✫✬✣ ✙✜✩✗✙✜✰ ★✧✤✰ ✧✗✙ ✢✜✜✛ a building without a

roof, with many
★✧✜ ✰✜✗★ ✬❢ ✚✧✤★✜ ✰♣✯✣✜✲✗✩✘t ✗✛✙ ✛✬✚ ✤★ ✚✗✰ ★✧✜
rows of seats rising
✰✤★✜ ✬❢ ✗ ✣✗✤✛✢✬✚ ✦✗★✧✜✣✤✛✦ ✬❢ ✙✤❢❢✜✣✜✛★ ✩✬✪✬♣✣✰ ✗✛✙ in steps (typical of
✛✗★✤✬✛✰ ❢✬✣ ★✧✜ ✤✛✰★✗✪✪✗★✤✬✛ ✬❢ ✵✬♣★✧ ✶❢✣✤✩✗✻✰ ❢✤✣✰★ ancient Greece and
✙✜✲✬✩✣✗★✤✩t ✛✬✛✼✣✗✩✤✗✪ ✦✬✴✜✣✛✲✜✛★✳ Rome)
❖✛ ★✧✗★ ✪✬✴✜✪✘ ✗♣★♣✲✛ ✙✗✘ ✱ ✚✗✰ ✗✩✩✬✲✯✗✛✤✜✙
✢✘ ✲✘ ✙✗♣✦✧★✜✣ ❜✜✛✗✛✤✳ ❖✛ ★✧✜ ✯✬✙✤♣✲t ✥✣ ✙✜ ✽✪✜✣✷
✚✗✰ ❢✤✣✰★ ✰✚✬✣✛ ✤✛ ✗✰ ✰✜✩✬✛✙ ✙✜✯♣★✘ ✯✣✜✰✤✙✜✛★✳ ✓✧✜✛
 ❚ ✁✂✄ ☎✂✆✝✞ ✟✁✠ ✠✟✄✡☛ ✞☛ ✁✠ ☞✞✡✠✌ ✍✆✎✏✌✑ ✎✡✆✠✞✍✆☛✌✒
❲ ✆☛ ✞✌ ✟✁✠ ✓✑ ✌✏✡☛✔ ✕ ✎✖✆✍✗✆✍ ✌✄ ✄✂✆✑ ✁☛✍ ✏✎ ✄✖✍
✌ ✆ t✄☛✠✌✞✌✏✌✞✄☛ ✁☛✍ ✌✄ ✍✆✘✄✌✆ ✓✑✠✆✖☞ ✌✄ ✌ ✆ ✟✆✖✖✙
✂✆✞☛✗ ✄☞ ✌ ✆ ❜✆✎✏✂✖✞✚ ✁☛✍ ✞✌✠ ✎✆✄✎✖✆✒ ❚✄ ✌ ✆
✁✠✠✆✓✂✖✆✍ ✗✏✆✠✌✠ ✁☛✍ ✌ ✆ ✟✁✌✚ ✞☛✗ ✟✄✡✖✍✔ ✕ ✠✁✞✍❛
✛✜✢✣✤✥ ✣✦✦ ✜✧ ★✩ ✢✜✥ ✪✤ ✜★✫ ✬✫✭✩✭✮✯✭ ✰✭✫✭✱✱✱ ✯✜✮✧✭✫ ❣✦✜✫✤ confer (a formal
✣✮✢ ✰✜✬✭ ✲✜ ✮✭✳✪✜✫✮ ✦✴✪✭✫✲✤✱ ✵★✲ ✜✧ ✲✰✭ ✭✶✬✭✫✴✭✮✯✭ ✜✧ word)
✣✮ ✭✶✲✫✣✜✫✢✴✮✣✫✤ ✰★✷✣✮ ✢✴✩✣✩✲✭✫ ✲✰✣✲ ✦✣✩✲✭✢ ✲✜✜ ✦✜✮❣✥ here, give
✷★✩✲ ✪✭ ✪✜✫✮ ✣ ✩✜✯✴✭✲✤ ✜✧ ✳✰✴✯✰ ✣✦✦ ✰★✷✣✮✴✲✤ ✳✴✦✦
✪✭ ✬✫✜★✢✱
✸✭✥ ✳✰✜ ✳✭✫✭ ✜★✲✦✣✳✩ ✮✜✲ ✩✜ ✦✜✮❣ ✣❣✜✥ ✰✣♥✭ ✲✜✢✣✤ We, who were
✪✭✭✮ ❣✴♥✭✮ ✲✰✭ ✫✣✫✭ ✬✫✴♥✴✦✭❣✭ ✲✜ ✪✭ ✰✜✩✲ ✲✜ ✲✰✭ ✮✣✲✴✜✮✩ ✜✧ outlaws
18 ✲✰✭ ✳✜✫✦✢ ✜✮ ✜★✫ ✜✳✮ ✩✜✴✦✱ ✸✭ ✲✰✣✮❡ ✣✦✦ ✜✧ ✜★✫ because of its policy
✢✴✩✲✴✮❣★✴✩✰✭✢ ✴✮✲✭✫✮✣✲✴✜✮✣✦ ❣★✭✩✲✩ ✧✜✫ ✰✣♥✴✮❣ ✯✜✷✭ ✲✜ of apartheid, many
✲✣❡✭ ✬✜✩✩✭✩✩✴✜✮ ✳✴✲✰ ✲✰✭ ✬✭✜✬✦✭ ✜✧ ✜★✫ ✯✜★✮✲✫✤ ✜✧ ✳✰✣✲ countries had earlier
broken off diplomatic
✴✩✥ ✣✧✲✭✫ ✣✦✦✥ ✣ ✯✜✷✷✜✮ ♥✴✯✲✜✫✤ ✧✜✫ ✐★✩✲✴✯✭✥ ✧✜✫ ✬✭✣✯✭✥ ✧✜✫ relations with South
✰★✷✣✮ ✢✴❣✮✴✲✤✱ Africa
✸✭ ✰✣♥✭✥ ✣✲ ✦✣✩✲✥ ✣✯✰✴✭♥✭✢ ✜★✫ ✬✜✦✴✲✴✯✣✦ ✭✷✣✮✯✴✬✣✲✴✜✮✱ emancipation
✸✭ ✬✦✭✢❣✭ ✜★✫✩✭✦♥✭✩ ✲✜ ✦✴✪✭✫✣✲✭ ✣✦✦ ✜★✫ ✬✭✜✬✦✭ ✧✫✜✷ ✲✰✭ freedom from
✯✜✮✲✴✮★✴✮❣ ✪✜✮✢✣❣✭ ✜✧ ✬✜♥✭✫✲✤✥ ✢✭✬✫✴♥✣✲✴✜✮✥ ✩★✧✧✭✫✴✮❣✥ restriction
❣✭✮✢✭✫ ✣✮✢ ✜✲✰✭✫ ✢✴✩✯✫✴✷✴✮✣✲✴✜✮✱ deprivation
◆✭♥✭✫✥ ✮✭♥✭✫✥ ✣✮✢ ✮✭♥✭✫ ✣❣✣✴✮ ✩✰✣✦✦ ✴✲ ✪✭ ✲✰✣✲ ✲✰✴✩ state of not having
✪✭✣★✲✴✧★✦ ✦✣✮✢ ✳✴✦✦ ✣❣✣✴✮ ✭✶✬✭✫✴✭✮✯✭ ✲✰✭ ✜✬✬✫✭✩✩✴✜✮ ✜✧ ✜✮✭ one's rightful benefits
✪✤ ✣✮✜✲✰✭✫✱ discrimination
✛✰✭ ✩★✮ ✩✰✣✦✦ ✮✭♥✭✫ ✩✭✲ ✜✮ ✩✜ ❣✦✜✫✴✜★✩ ✣ ✰★✷✣✮ being treated
✣✯✰✴✭♥✭✷✭✮✲✱ differently or
▲✭✲ ✧✫✭✭✢✜✷ ✫✭✴❣✮✱ ✹✜✢ ✪✦✭✩✩ ✺✧✫✴✯✣✻ unfavourably

Oral Comprehension Check

✼✽ ✾✿❀❁❀ ❂❃❂ ❄✿❀ ❅❀❁❀❆❇❈❃❀❉ ❄❊❋❀ ●❍❊❅❀■ ❏❊❈ ❑❇▼ ❈❊❆❀ ❊❈❑ ●▼❖❍❃❅
❖▼❃❍❂❃❈P❉ ❃❈ ◗❈❂❃❊ ❄✿❊❄ ❊❁❀ ❆❊❂❀ ❇❘ ❉❊❈❂❉❄❇❈❀■
❙✽ ❏❊❈ ❑❇▼ ❉❊❑ ✿❇❯ ✼❱ ❳❊❑ ❃❉ ❊❈ ❨❊▼❄▼❆❈ ❂❊❑❩ ❃❈ ❬❇▼❄✿ ❭❘❁❃❅❊■
 ✸✳ ❆ ✁✂ ✄✂☎✆✝✝✆✝☎ ✞✟ ✁✆✠ ✠✡✂✂☛✁☞ ✌✍✝✎✂✏✍ ✑✂✝ ✆✞✝✠ ✒✍✝ ✂✓ ✔✍✞✔✎✆✝✍✔✕
✁❤✑✍✝ ✎✆✠✍✠ ✂✔✖✳ ✗✁✍ ✎✞✂✠ ✁✂ ✑✂✍✝ ✄✕ ✁✆✠✘ ✗✁✍ ✆✠ ✁✂ ✒☎✏✞✔✆✞❤✠ ✙
✁❤✑✍✝ ✍☛✁✆✂✚✂✑✂✝ ✖ ✁✂ ✠✡✂✍✛✠ ✞✟ ✍ ✁✂ ✂✝✎✘

✹✳ ✗✁✍ ✎✞✂✠ ✌✍✝✎✂✏✍ ✁✍✝✛ ✁✂ ✆✝ ✂✔✝✍ ✆✞✝✍✏ ✏✂✍✎✂✔✠ ✟✞✔✘

✺✳ ✗✁✍ ✆✎✂✍✏✠ ✎✞✂✠ ✁✂ ✠✂ ✞❤ ✟✞✔ ✁✂ ✟❤ ❤✔✂ ✞✟ ❲✞❤ ✁ ❆✟✔✆☛✍✘

✜ ✢✣✤ ✥✦✥✣✧★✩ ✪✫★✣✬ ✤✣ ✫✪✪ ✪✭✢★✣✮ ✦✯✬ ✣✰✣✩ ✭✧

✫✤✣ ✫✩ ✫ ✩❛✣✱★✫✱✯✪✫✬ ✫✬✬✫✰ ✦✢ ✲✦✯★✴ ✜✢✬✭✱✫✧ ✵✣★✩✶ spectacular array
✴✣✪✭✱ ✦❛★✣✬✩ ✫✧✮ ★✬✦✦❛ ✱✫✬✬✭✣✬✩ ✬✦✫✬ ✣✮ ✭✧ ❛ ✣✬✢✣✱★ an impressive
display (colourful
✢✦✬✥✫★✭✦✧ ✦❢✣✬ ★✴✣ ✷✧✭✦✧ ✻✯✭✪✮✭✧✼✩✽ ✾★ ✤✫✩ ✧✦★ ✦✧✪✰
and attractive)
✫ ✮✭✩❛✪✫✰ ✦✢ ❛✭✧❛✦✭✧★ ❛✬✣✱✭✩✭✦✧ ✫✧✮ ✥✭✪✭★✫✬✰ ✢✦✬✱✣✶
❜✯★ ✫ ✮✣✥ ✦✧✩★✬✫★ ✭✦✧ ✦✢ ★✴ ✣ ✥✭✪✭★✫✬✰✿✩ ✪✦✰✫✪★✰ ★✦
✮✣✥✦✱✬✫✱✰✶ ★✦ ✫ ✧✣✤ ✼✦❢✣✬✧✥✣✧★ ★✴✫★ ✴✫✮ ❜✣✣✧
✢✬✣✣✪✰ ✫✧✮ ✢✫✭✬✪✰ ✣✪✣✱★✣✮✽ ❀✧✪✰ ✥✦✥✣✧★✩ ❜✣✢✦✬✣✶ ★✴✣
✴✭✼✴✣✩★ ✼✣✧✣✬✫✪✩ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ✲✦✯★✴ ✜✢✬✭✱✫✧ ✮✣✢✣✧✱✣ ✢✦✬✱✣
✫✧✮ ❛✦✪✭✱✣✶ ★✴✣✭✬ ✱✴✣✩★✩ ❜✣✮✣✱❁✣✮ ✤✭★✴ ✬✭❜❜✦✧✩ ✫✧✮
✥✣✮✫✪✩ ✢✬✦✥ ✮✫✰✩ ✼✦✧✣ ❜✰✶ ✩✫✪✯★✣✮ ✥✣ ✫✧✮ ❛✪✣✮✼✣✮
★✴✣✭✬ ✪✦✰✫✪★✰✽ ✾ ✤✫✩ ✧✦★ ✯✧✥✭✧✮✢✯✪ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ✢✫✱★ ★✴✫★ not unmindful of
✧✦★ ✩✦ ✥✫✧✰ ✰ ✣✫✬✩ ❜✣✢✦✬✣ ★✴ ✣✰ ✤ ✦✯✪✮ ✧✦★ ✴✫❢✣ conscious of; aware of
✩✫✪✯★✣✮ ❜✯★ ✫✬✬✣✩★✣✮ ✥✣✽ s✭✧✫✪✪✰ ✫ ✱✴✣❢✬✦✧ ✦✢ ✾✥❛✫✪✫ chevron
✵✣★✩ ✪✣✢★ ✫ ✩✥✦❁✣ ★✬✫✭✪ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ❜✪✫✱❁✶ ✬✣✮✶ ✼✬✣✣✧✶ ❜✪✯✣ a pattern in the
shape of a V 19
✫✧✮ ✼✦✪✮ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ✧✣✤ ✲✦✯★✴ ✜✢✬✭✱✫✧ ✢✪✫✼✽
❚✴✣ ✮✫✰ ✤✫✩ ✩✰✥❜✦✪✭✩✣✮ ✢✦✬ ✥✣ ❜✰ ★✴✣ ❛✪✫✰✭✧✼ ✦✢
✦✯✬ ★✤✦ ✧✫★✭✦✧✫✪ ✫✧★✴✣✥✩✶ ✫✧✮ ★✴✣ ❢✭✩✭✦✧ ✦✢ ✤✴✭★✣✩
✩✭✧✼✭✧✼ ➅❂❃❄❅❇ ❈❇❃❉❊❉❊ ❋❇●❍■❇❃❏❑ ✫✧✮ ❜✪✫✱❁✩ ✩✭✧✼✭✧✼
▲▼✭✣ ✲★✣✥✿✶ ★✴✣ ✦✪✮ ✫✧★✴✣✥ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ◆✣❛✯❜✪✭✱✽ ✜✪★✴✦✯✼✴
★✴✫★ ✮✫✰ ✧✣✭★✴✣✬ ✼✬✦✯❛ ❁✧✣✤ ★✴✣ ✪✰✬✭✱✩ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ✫✧★✴✣✥
★✴ ✣✰ ✦✧✱✣ ✮✣✩❛✭✩✣✮✶ ★✴✣✰ ✤ ✦✯✪✮ ✩✦✦✧ ❁ ✧✦✤ ★✴✣ despised
✤✦✬✮✩ ❜✰ ✴✣✫✬★✽ had a very low
opinion of
❀✧ ★✴✣ ✮✫✰ ✦✢ ★✴ ✣ ✭ ✧✫ ✯ ✼ ✯✬ ✫ ★ ✭ ✦ ✧ ✶ ✾ ✤✫✩
✦❢✣✬✤✴✣✪✥✣✮ ✤✭★✴ ✫ ✩✣✧✩✣ ✦✢ ✴✭✩★✦✬✰✽ ✾✧ ★✴✣ ✢✭✬✩★
✮✣✱✫✮✣ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ★✤✣✧★✭✣★✴ ✱✣✧★✯✬✰✶ ✫ ✢✣✤ ✰✣✫✬✩ ✫✢★✣✬
★✴✣ ❜✭★★✣✬ ✜✧✼✪✦t✻✦✣✬ ✤✫✬ ✫✧✮ ❜✣✢✦✬✣ ✥✰ ✦✤✧ ❜✭✬★✴✶
:

★✴✣ ✤✴✭★✣t✩❁✭✧✧✣✮ ❛✣✦❛✪✣✩ ✦✢ ✲✦✯★✴ ✜✢✬✭✱✫ ❛✫★✱✴✣✮

✯❛ ★✴✣✭✬ ✮✭✢✢✣✬✣✧✱✣✩ ✫✧✮ ✣✬✣✱★✣✮ ✫ ✩✰✩★✣✥ ✦✢ ✬✫✱✭✫✪
✮✦✥✭✧✫★✭✦✧ ✫✼✫✭✧✩★ ★✴✣ ✮✫✬❁t✩❁✭✧✧✣✮ ❛✣✦❛✪✣✩ ✦✢ ★✴✣✭✬
✦✤✧ ✪✫✧✮✽ ❚✴✣ ✩★✬✯✱★✯✬✣ ★✴✣✰ ✱✬✣✫★✣✮ ✢✦✬✥✣✮ ★✴✣
❜✫ ✩✭✩ ✦✢ ✦✧✣ ✦✢ ★✴ ✣ ✴✫✬ ✩✴ ✣✩★ ✶ ✥ ✦✩★ ✭✧✴ ✯✥✫ ✧✣✶
✩✦✱✭✣★✭✣✩ ★✴✣ ✤✦✬✪✮ ✴✫✩ ✣❢✣✬ ❁✧✦✤✧✽ ❖✦✤✶ ✭✧ ★✴✣
✪✫✩★ ✮✣✱✫✮✣ ✦✢ ★✴✣ ★✤✣✧★✭✣★✴ ✱✣✧★✯✬✰✶ ✫✧✮ ✥✰ ✦✤✧
✣✭✼✴★✴ ✮✣✱✫✮✣ ✫✩ ✫ ✥✫ ✧✶ ★✴✫★ ✩✰✩★✣✥ ✴✫✮ ❜✣✣✧
 ♦✵✶✷✸✹✷✺✶✻ ✼♦✷✶✵✶✷ ✽✺✻ ✷✶✾✿✽❀✶✻ ❁❂ ♦✺✶ ✸❃✽✸
✷✶❀♦r✺❄❅✶✻ ✸❃✶ ✷❄r❃✸❅ ✽✺✻ ✼✷✶✶✻♦❆❅ ♦✼ ✽✿✿ ✾✶♦✾✿✶❅❉
✷✶r✽✷✻✿✶❅❅ ♦✼ ✸❃✶ ❀♦✿♦✹✷ ♦✼ ✸❃✶❄✷ ❅❊❄✺❋
●❃✽✸ ✻✽❂ ❃✽✻ ❀♦❆✶ ✽❁♦✹✸ ✸❃✷♦✹r❃ ✸❃✶
✹✺❄❆✽r❄✺✽❁✿✶ ❅✽❀✷❄✼❄❀✶❅ ♦✼ ✸❃♦✹❅✽✺✻❅ ♦✼ ❆❂ ✾✶♦✾✿✶❉
✾✶♦✾✿✶ ♣❃♦❅✶ ❅✹✼✼✶✷❄✺r ✽✺✻ ❀♦✹✷✽r✶ ❀✽✺ ✺✶✵✶✷ ❁✶
❀♦✹✺✸✶✻ ♦✷ ✷✶✾✽❄✻❋ ❝ ✼✶✿✸ ✸❃✽✸ ✻✽❂❉ ✽❅ ❝ ❃✽✵✶ ♦✺ ❅♦
❆✽✺❂ ♦✸❃✶✷ ✻✽❂❅❉ ✸❃✽✸ ❝ ♣✽❅ ❅❄❆✾✿❂ ✸❃✶ ❅✹❆ ♦✼ ✽✿✿
✸❃♦❅✶ t✼✷❄❀✽✺ ✾✽✸✷❄♦✸❅ ♣❃♦ ❃✽✻ r♦✺✶ ❁✶✼♦✷✶ ❆✶❋ ●❃✽✸
✿♦✺r ✽✺✻ ✺♦❁✿✶ ✿❄✺✶ ✶✺✻✶✻ ✽✺✻ ✺♦♣ ❁✶r✽✺ ✽r✽❄✺
♣❄✸❃ ❆✶❋ ❝ ♣✽❅ ✾✽❄✺✶✻ ✸❃✽✸ ❝ ♣✽❅ ✺♦✸ ✽❁✿✶ ✸♦ ✸❃✽✺❊
✸❃✶❆ ✽✺✻ ✸❃✽✸ ✸❃✶❂ ♣✶✷✶ ✺♦✸ ✽❁✿✶ ✸♦ ❅✶✶ ♣❃✽✸ ✸❃✶❄✷
❅✽❀✷❄✼❄❀✶❅ ❃✽✻ ♣✷♦✹r❃✸❋ wrought (old
●❃✶ ✾♦✿❄❀❂ ♦✼ ✽✾✽✷✸❃✶❄✻ ❀✷✶✽✸✶✻ ✽ ✻✶✶✾ ✽✺✻ ✿✽❅✸❄✺r fashioned, formal
word)
♣♦✹✺✻ ❄✺ ❆❂ ❀♦✹✺✸✷❂ ✽✺✻ ❆❂ ✾✶♦✾✿✶❋ t✿✿ ♦✼ ✹❅ ♣❄✿✿
done, achieved
❅✾✶✺✻ ❆✽✺❂ ❂✶✽✷❅❉ ❄✼ ✺♦✸ r✶✺✶✷✽✸❄♦✺❅❉ ✷✶❀♦✵✶✷❄✺r
✼✷♦❆ ✸❃✽✸ ✾✷♦✼♦✹✺✻ ❃✹✷✸❋ ❤✹✸ ✸❃✶ ✻✶❀✽✻✶❅ ♦✼ profound
♦✾✾✷✶❅❅❄♦✺ ✽✺✻ ❁✷✹✸✽✿❄✸❂ ❃✽✻ ✽✺♦✸❃✶✷❉ ✹✺❄✺✸✶✺✻✶✻❉ deep and strong
✶✼✼✶❀✸❉ ✽✺✻ ✸❃✽✸ ♣✽❅ ✸❃✽✸ ❄✸ ✾✷♦✻✹❀✶✻ ✸❃✶ ❡✿❄✵✶✷
●✽❆❁♦❅❉ ✸❃✶ ❛✽✿✸✶✷ ❍❄❅✹✿✹❅❉ ✸❃✶ ❏❃❄✶✼ ❑✹✸❃✹✿❄❅❉ ✸❃✶
▲✹❅✹✼ ✉✽✻♦♦❅❉ ✸❃✶ ❤✷✽❆ ▼❄❅❀❃✶✷❅❉ ✸❃✶ ◆♦❁✶✷✸
❍♦❁✹❊♣✶❅ ♦✼ ♦✹✷ ✸❄❆✶P ◗ ❆✶✺ ♦✼ ❅✹❀❃ ✶❯✸✷✽♦✷✻❄✺✽✷❂
20

❖✮✧✰✪✣ ✱✛✤✲✢ ❲✛✮✬✪✣ ❙✧✘✗✮✗ ❈✩✧✪✙ ✫✗✬✩✗✮✧

❨✗✘✗✙ ✚✛✜✢✢ ❇✣✛✤ ✦✧✘★✩✪✣ ❘✢✲✪✣✬ ❙✢✲✗✳✴✪

✯ ❚ ✁✂✁ ✄☎✁ ✂✆✝✁ ✞☎✆✝✟✠✁✠✡ ✠✄✝✁✂ ✟✠ ✡ ✁ ✂✡☎☛☞☞✌✁ ✄☞✄✟✠✂✡ ✄✞✄☎✡ ✁✟✍✎
✭✏✆☎ ✡ ✁ ☛✂✁ ✆✑ ✡ ✁ ✍✁✑✟✠✟✡✁ ✄☎✡✟❞✌✁ ✒✟✡ ✞☎✆✞✁☎ ✠✆☛✠✂✓ ✂✁✁ ✁✔✁☎❞✟✂✁ ■■ ✆✠ ✞✄☞✁ ✥✕✖
❝ ✁✂✄☎✆✝ ✞✟✠✡ ☛ ✄☞✡ ☎✆☞✆✂ ✠✟✌✍ ✌✎✄✌ ✌✎✆✟✂ ✏✟✑✆ ☛✄✍
☞✆♥✆✂ ✒✆ ✑☞ ✞☞ ✄☎✄✟☞✓ ✔✆✂✎✄✕✠ ✟✌ ✂✆✖✁✟✂✆✠ ✠✁❝✎
✡✆✕✌✎✠ ❞ ✕✕✂✆✠✠✟ ☞ ✌ ❝✂✆✄✌✆ ✠✁❝✎ ✎✆✟☎✎✌✠ ❞
❝✎✄✂✄❝✌✆✂✓ ✳✍ ❝ ✁☞✌✂✍ ✟✠ ✂✟❝✎ ✟☞ ✌✎✆ ☛✟☞✆✂✄✏✠ ✄☞✡
☎✆☛✠ ✌✎✄✌ ✏✟✆ ✒✆☞✆✄✌✎ ✟✌✠ ✠ ✟✏✝ ✒✁✌ ❣ ✎✄♥✆ ✄✏✞✄✍✠
✑☞ ✞☞ ✌✎✄✌ ✟✌✠ ☎✂✆✄✌✆✠✌ ✞✆✄✏✌✎ ✟✠ ✟✌✠ ✕✆ ✕✏✆✝ ❞✟☞✆✂
✄☞✡ ✌✂✁✆✂ ✌✎✄☞ ✌✎✆ ✕✁✂✆✠✌ ✡✟✄☛ ☞✡✠✓
❣✌ ✟✠ ❞✂ ☛ ✌✎✆✠✆ ❝ ☛✂✄✡✆✠ ✟☞ ✌✎✆ ✠✌✂✁☎☎✏✆ ✌✎✄✌ ❣
✏✆✄✂☞✆✡ ✌✎✆ ☛✆✄☞✟☞☎ ❞ ❝ ✁✂✄☎✆✓ ✗✟☛✆ ✄☞✡ ✄☎✄✟☞✝ ❣
✎✄♥✆ ✠✆✆☞ ☛✆☞ ✄☞✡ ✞ ☛✆☞ ✂✟✠✑ ✄☞✡ ☎✟♥✆ ✌✎✆✟✂ ✏✟♥✆✠
❞ ✂ ✄☞ ✟✡✆✄✓ ❣ ✎✄♥✆ ✠✆✆☞ ☛✆☞ ✠✌✄☞✡ ✁✕ ✌ ✄✌✌✄❝✑✠
✄☞✡ ✌ ✂✌✁✂✆ ✞✟✌✎ ✁✌ ✒✂✆✄✑✟☞☎✝ ✠✎ ✞✟☞☎ ✄ ✠✌✂✆☞☎✌✎
✄☞✡ ✂✆✠✟✏✟✆☞❝✆ ✌✎✄✌ ✡✆❞✟✆✠ ✌✎✆ ✟☛✄☎✟☞✄✌✟ ☞✓ ❣ ✏✆✄✂☞✆✡ resilience
✌✎✄✌ ❝ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✞✄✠ ☞ ✌ ✌✎✆ ✄✒✠✆☞❝✆ ❞ ❞✆✄✂✝ ✒✁✌ ✌✎✆ the ability to deal
with any kind of
✌✂✟✁☛✕✎ ♥✆✂ ✟✌✓ ✗✎✆ ✒✂✄♥✆ ☛✄☞ ✟✠ ☞ ✌ ✎✆ ✞✎ ✡ ✆✠ hardship and recover
☞ ✌ ❞✆✆✏ ✄❞✂✄✟✡✝ ✒✁✌ ✎✆ ✞✎ ❝ ☞✖✁✆✂✠ ✌✎✄✌ ❞✆✄✂✓ from its effects
◆ ☞✆ ✟✠ ✒ ✂☞ ✎✄✌✟☞☎ ✄☞ ✌✎✆✂ ✕✆✂✠ ☞ ✒✆❝✄✁✠✆ ❞
✌✎✆ ❝ ✏ ✁✂ ❞ ✎✟✠ ✠✑✟☞✝ ✂ ✎✟✠ ✒✄❝✑☎✂ ✁☞✡✝ ✂ ✎✟✠
✂✆✏✟☎✟ ☞✓ ✔✆ ✕✏✆ ☛✁✠✌ ✏✆✄✂☞ ✌ ✎✄✌✆✝ ✄☞✡ ✟❞ ✌✎✆✍ ❝✄☞
✏✆✄✂☞ ✌ ✎✄✌✆✝ ✌✎✆✍ ❝✄☞ ✒✆ ✌✄✁☎✎✌ ✌ ✏ ♥✆✝ ❞ ✂ ✏ ♥✆
❝ ☛✆✠ ☛ ✂✆ ☞✄✌✁✂✄✏✏✍ ✌ ✌✎✆ ✎✁☛✄☞ ✎✆✄✂✌ ✌✎✄☞ ✟✌✠ 21
✕✕ ✠✟✌✆✓ ♦♥✆☞ ✟☞ ✌✎✆ ☎✂✟☛☛✆✠✌ ✌✟☛✆✠ ✟☞ ✕✂✟✠ ☞✝ ✞✎✆☞
☛✍ ❝ ☛✂✄✡✆✠ ✄☞✡ ❣ ✞✆✂✆ ✕✁✠✎✆✡ ✌ ✁✂ ✏✟☛✟✌✠✱ ❣ ✞ ✁✏✡ pushed to our
✠✆✆ ✄ ☎✏✟☛☛✆✂ ❞ ✎✁☛✄☞✟✌✍ ✟☞ ☞✆ ❞ ✌✎✆ ☎✁✄✂✡✠✝ limits
pushed to the last
✕✆✂✎✄✕✠ ♣✁✠✌ ❞ ✂ ✄ ✠✆❝ ☞✡✝ ✒✁✌ ✟✌ ✞✄✠ ✆☞ ✁☎✎ ✌ point in our ability to
✂✆✄✠✠✁✂✆ ☛✆ ✄☞✡ ✑✆✆✕ ☛✆ ☎ ✟☞☎✓ ✳✄☞r✠ ☎ ✡☞✆✠✠ ✟✠ bear pain
✄ ❞✏✄☛✆ ✌✎✄✌ ❝✄☞ ✒✆ ✎✟✡✡✆☞ ✒✁✌ ☞✆♥✆✂ ✆❛✌✟☞☎✁✟✠✎✆✡✓
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✘ ❲✙✚✛ ✜✢ ✛✙✣ ✤✥✦✥✛✚✧★ ✩✣✪✣✧✚✦✫ ✜✢✬ ✭✢✮ ✙✚✫ ✛✙✣✥✧ ✚✛✛✥✛✯✜✣ ✰✙✚✪✩✣✜✲
✚✪✜ ✮✙★✬
✷✘ ❲✙★ ✮✣✧✣ ✛✮✢ ✪✚✛✥✢✪✚✦ ✚✪✛✙✣✤✫ ✫✯✪✩✬
✸✘ ✭✢✮ ✜✢✣✫ ❍✚✪✜✣✦✚ ✜✣✫✰✧✥✴✣ ✛✙✣ ✫★✫✛✣✤✫ ✢✵ ✩✢✹✣✧✪✤✣✪✛ ✥✪ ✙✥✫ ✰✢✯✪✛✧★
:

✺✥✻ ✥✪ ✛✙✣ ✵✥✧✫✛ ✜✣✰✚✜✣✲ ✚✪✜ ✺✥✥✻ ✥✪ ✛✙✣ ✵✥✪✚✦ ✜✣✰✚✜✣✲ ✢✵ ✛✙✣ ✛✮✣✪✛✥✣✛✙ ✰✣✪✛✯✧★✬
✼✘ ❲✙✚✛ ✜✢✣✫ ✰✢✯✧✚✩✣ ✤✣✚✪ ✛✢ ❍✚✪✜✣✦✚✬
✽✘ ❲✙✥✰✙ ✜✢✣✫ ✙✣ ✛✙✥✪✾ ✥✫ ✪✚✛✯✧✚✦✲ ✛✢ ✦✢✹✣ ✢✧ ✛✢ ✙✚✛✣✬

❣☞ ✏✟❞✆✝ ✆♥✆✂✍ ☛✄☞ ✎✄✠ ✌✞✟☞ ✒✏✟☎✄✌✟ ☞✠ ■

✒✏✟☎✄✌✟ ☞✠ ✌ ✎✟✠ ❞✄☛✟✏✍✝ ✌ ✎✟✠ ✕✄✂✆☞✌✠✝ ✌ ✎✟✠ ✞✟❞✆
✄☞✡ ❝✎✟✏✡✂✆☞✿ ✄☞✡ ✎✆ ✎✄✠ ✄☞ ✒✏✟☎✄✌✟ ☞ ✌ ✎✟✠ ✕✆ ✕✏✆✝
✎✟✠ ❝ ☛☛✁☞✟✌✍✝ ✎✟✠ ❝ ✁☞✌✂✍✓ ❣☞ ✄ ❝✟♥✟✏ ✄☞✡ ✎✁☛✄☞✆
 s ✁✂✄☎✆✝ ✄✞✁✟ ✠✞✡ ✂s ✞☛☞✄ ☎ ✌✍☞✌✂☞ ☎✟ s✄ ☛☞✂✎✞☎✂ ✡s
✞✁✁ ❛✏✂✡✎ ☎ ✟✂s ✑✡ ✂✡✁☞✂✡✞☎✂ ✡s ✞✡✏ ✞☛✂☞✂☎✂✄s✒ ✓✍☎ inclinations
✂✡ ✞ ✁ ✍✡☎❛✆ ☞✂✐✄ ✔ ✍☎✟ ✕✌❛✂✁✞✝ ✂☎ ✑✞s ✞☞✠ s☎ natural tendencies
✂✠✖ ss✂☛☞✄ ✌ ❛ ✞ ✠✞✡ ✌ ✠✆ ☛✂❛☎✟ ✞✡✏ ✁ ☞ ✍❛ ☎ ✌✍☞✌✂☞ of behaviour
☛ ☎✟ ✌ ☎✟ s✄ ☛☞✂✎✞☎✂ ✡s✒ ❜✡ ✔ ✍☎✟ ✕✌❛✂✁✞✝ ✞ ✠✞✡ ✌
✁ ☞ ✍❛ ✑✟ ✞☎☎✄✠✖☎✄✏ ☎ ☞✂❝✄ ✞s ✞ ✟✍✠✞✡ ☛✄✂✡✎ ✑✞s
✖✍✡✂s✟✄✏ ✞✡✏ ✂s ☞✞☎✄✏✒ ❜✡ ✔ ✍☎✟ ✕✌❛✂✁✞✝ ✞ ✠✞✡ ✑✟
☎❛✂✄✏ ☎ ✌✍☞✌✂☞ ✟✂s ✏✍☎✆ ☎ ✟✂s ✖✄ ✖☞✄ ✑✞s ✂✡✄❝✂☎✞☛☞✆ inevitably
❛✂✖✖✄✏ ✌❛ ✠ ✟✂s ✌✞✠✂☞✆ ✞✡✏ ✟✂s ✟ ✠✄ ✞✡✏ ✑✞s ✌ ❛✁✄✏ unavoidably
☎ ☞✂❝✄ ✞ ☞✂✌✄ ✞✖✞❛☎✝ ✞ ☎✑✂☞✂✎✟☎ ✄t✂s☎✄✡✁✄ ✌ s✄✁❛✄✁✆
✞✡✏ ❛✄☛✄☞☞✂ ✡✒ ❜ ✏✂✏ ✡ ☎ ✂✡ ☎✟✄ ☛✄✎✂✡✡✂✡✎ ✁✟ s✄ ☎
✖☞✞✁✄ ✠✆ ✖✄ ✖☞✄ ✞☛ ❝✄ ✠✆ ✌✞✠✂☞✆✝ ☛✍☎ ✂✡ ✞☎☎✄✠✖☎✂✡✎
☎ s✄❛❝✄ ✠✆ ✖✄ ✖☞✄✝ ❜ ✌ ✍✡✏ ☎✟✞☎ ❜ ✑✞s ✖❛✄❝✄✡☎✄✏
✌❛ ✠ ✌✍☞✌✂☞☞✂✡✎ ✠✆ ☛☞✂✎✞☎✂ ✡s ✞s ✞ s ✡✝ ✞ ☛❛ ☎✟✄❛✝ ✞
✌✞☎✟✄❛ ✞✡✏ ✞ ✟✍s☛✞✡✏✒
❜ ✑✞s ✡ ☎ ☛ ❛✡ ✑✂☎✟ ✞ ✟✍✡✎✄❛ ☎ ☛✄ ✌❛✄✄✒ ❜ ✑✞s ☛ ❛✡
✌❛✄✄ ❢ ✌❛✄✄ ✂✡ ✄❝✄❛✆ ✑✞✆ ☎✟✞☎ ❜ ✁ ✍☞✏ ✐✡ ✑✒ ✗❛✄✄ ☎
❛✍✡ ✂✡ ☎✟✄ ✌✂✄☞✏s ✡✄✞❛ ✠✆ ✠ ☎✟✄❛rs ✟✍☎✝ ✌❛✄✄ ☎ s✑✂✠
✂✡ ☎✟✄ ✁☞✄✞❛ s☎❛✄✞✠ ☎✟✞☎ ❛✞✡ ☎✟❛ ✍✎✟ ✠✆ ❝✂☞☞✞✎✄✝ ✌❛✄✄
☎ ❛ ✞s☎ ✠✄✞☞✂✄s ✍✡✏✄❛ ☎✟✄ s☎✞❛s ✞✡✏ ❛✂✏✄ ☎✟✄ ☛❛ ✞✏
☛✞✁✐s ✌ s☞ ✑✘✠ ❝✂✡✎ ☛✍☞☞s✒ ✕s ☞ ✡✎ ✞s ❜ ☛✄✆✄✏ ✠✆
✌✞☎✟✄❛ ✞✡✏ ✞☛✂✏✄✏ ☛✆ ☎✟✄ ✁✍s☎ ✠s ✌ ✠✆ ☎❛✂☛✄✝ ❜ ✑✞s
✡ ☎ ☎❛ ✍☛☞✄✏ ☛✆ ☎✟✄ ☞✞✑s ✌ ✠✞✡ ❛ ♥ ✏✒
22
❜☎ ✑✞s ✡☞✆ ✑✟✄✡ ❜ ☛✄✎✞✡ ☎ ☞✄✞❛✡ ☎✟✞☎ ✠✆ ☛ ✆✟ ✏
✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ✑✞s ✞✡ ✂☞☞✍s✂ ✡✝ ✑✟✄✡ ❜ ✏✂s✁ ❝✄❛✄✏ ✞s ✞ illusion
✆ ✍✡✎ ✠✞✡ ☎✟✞☎ ✠✆ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ✟✞✏ ✞☞❛✄✞✏✆ ☛✄✄✡ ☎✞✐✄✡ something that
✌❛ ✠ ✠✄✝ ☎✟✞☎ ❜ ☛✄✎✞✡ ☎ ✟✍✡✎✄❛ ✌ ❛ ✂☎✒ ✕☎ ✌✂❛s☎✝ ✞s ✞ appears to be real
but is not
s☎✍✏✄✡☎✝ ❜ ✑✞✡☎✄✏ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ✡☞✆ ✌ ❛ ✠✆s✄☞✌✝ ☎✟✄
☎❛✞✡s✂☎ ❛✆ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠s ✌ ☛✄✂✡✎ ✞☛☞✄ ☎ s☎✞✆ ✍☎ ✞☎ ✡✂✎✟☎✝ transitory
❛✄✞✏ ✑✟✞☎ ❜ ✖☞✄✞s✄✏ ✞✡✏ ✎ ✑✟✄❛✄ ❜ ✁✟ s✄✒ ❡✞☎✄❛✝ ✞s not permanent
✞ ✆ ✍✡✎ ✠✞✡ ✂✡ ✙ ✟✞✡✡✄s☛✍❛✎✝ ❜ ✆✄✞❛✡✄✏ ✌ ❛ ☎✟✄
☛✞s✂✁ ✞✡✏ ✟ ✡ ✍❛✞☛☞✄ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠s ✌ ✞✁✟✂✄❝✂✡✎ ✠✆
✖ ☎✄✡☎✂✞☞✝ ✌ ✄✞❛✡✂✡✎ ✠✆ ✐✄✄✖✝ ✌ ✠✞❛❛✆✂✡✎ ✞✡✏
✟✞❝✂✡✎ ✞ ✌✞✠✂☞✆ ❢ ☎✟✄ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ✡ ☎ ☎ ☛✄ ☛s☎❛✍✁☎✄✏
✂✡ ✞ ☞✞✑✌✍☞ ☞✂✌✄✒
✓✍☎ ☎✟✄✡ ❜ s☞ ✑☞✆ s✞✑ ☎✟✞☎ ✡ ☎ ✡☞✆ ✑✞s ❜ ✡ ☎
✌❛✄✄✝ ☛✍☎ ✠✆ ☛❛ ☎✟✄❛s ✞✡✏ s✂s☎✄❛s ✑✄❛✄ ✡ ☎ ✌❛✄✄✒ ❜
s✞✑ ☎✟✞☎ ✂☎ ✑✞s ✡ ☎ ✚✍s☎ ✠✆ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ☎✟✞☎ ✑✞s
✁✍❛☎✞✂☞✄✏✝ ☛✍☎ ☎✟✄ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ✌ ✄❝✄❛✆ ✡✄ ✑✟ ☞ ✐✄✏ curtailed
☞✂✐✄ ❜ ✏✂✏✒ ❧✟✞☎ ✂s ✑✟✄✡ ❜ ✚ ✂✡✄✏ ☎✟✄ ✕✌❛✂✁✞✡ ✛✞☎✂ ✡✞☞ reduced
❈ ✡✎❛✄ss✝ ✞✡✏ ☎✟✞☎ ✂s ✑✟✄✡ ☎✟✄ ✟✍✡✎✄❛ ✌ ❛ ✠✆ ✑✡
✌❛✄✄✏ ✠ ☛✄✁✞✠✄ ☎✟✄ ✎❛✄✞☎✄❛ ✟✍✡✎✄❛ ✌ ❛ ☎✟✄ ✌❛✄✄✏ ✠
♦ ✁✂ ✄☎♦✄✆☎✝ ✞✟ ✠✡☛ ✟☞✌☛ ✍☎☛✌✎☎ ♦✎ ✟☞☎ ✎☎☎✍♦✁ ♦
23
✁✂ ✄☎♦✄✆☎ ✟♦ ✆✌♠☎ ✟☞☎✌✎ ✆✌♠☎☛ ✠✌✟☞ ✍✌✏✑✌✟✂ ✡✑✍ ☛☎✆ ✒
✎☎☛✄☎r✟ ✟☞✡✟ ✡✑✌✁✡✟☎✍ ✁✂ ✆✌ ☎✓ ✟☞✡✟ ✟✎✡✑☛ ♦✎✁☎✍ ✡
✎✌✏☞✟☎✑☎✍ ✂♦❢✑✏ ✁✡✑ ✌✑✟♦ ✡ ✔♦✆✍ ♦✑☎✓ ✟☞✡✟ ✍✎♦♠☎ ✡
✆✡✠✒✡✔✌✍✌✑✏ ✡✟✟♦✎✑☎✂ ✟♦ ✔☎r♦✁☎ ✡ r✎✌✁✌✑✡✆✓ ✟☞✡✟
✟❢✎✑☎✍ ✡ ✡✁✌✆✂✒✆♦♠✌✑✏ ☞❢☛✔✡✑✍ ✌✑✟♦ ✡ ✁✡✑ ✠✌✟☞♦❢✟
✡ ☞♦✁☎✓ ✟☞✡✟ ♦✎r☎✍ ✡ ✆✌ ☎✒✆♦♠✌✑✏ ✁✡✑ ✟♦ ✆✌♠☎ ✆✌❛☎ ✡
✁♦✑❛✝ ✞ ✡✁ ✑♦ ✁♦✎☎ ♠✌✎✟❢♦❢☛ ♦✎ ☛☎✆ ✒☛✡r✎✌ ✌r✌✑✏
✟☞✡✑ ✟☞☎ ✑☎t✟ ✁✡✑✓ ✔❢✟ ✞ ♦❢✑✍ ✟☞✡✟ ✞ r♦❢✆✍ ✑♦✟
☎♠☎✑ ☎✑❡♦✂ ✟☞☎ ✄♦♦✎ ✡✑✍ ✆✌✁✌✟☎✍ ✎☎☎✍♦✁☛ ✞ ✠✡☛
✡✆✆♦✠☎✍ ✠☞☎✑ ✞ ❛✑☎✠ ✁✂ ✄☎♦ ✄✆☎ ✠☎✎☎ ✑♦✟ ✎☎☎✝
❋✎☎☎✍♦✁ ✌☛ ✌✑✍✌♠✌☛✌✔✆☎✕ ✟☞☎ r☞✡✌✑☛ ♦✑ ✡✑✂♦✑☎ ♦
✁✂ ✄☎♦✄✆☎ ✠☎✎☎ ✟☞☎ r ☞✡✌✑☛ ♦✑ ✡✆✆ ♦ ✟☞☎ ✁✓ ✟☞☎
:

r☞✡✌✑☛ ♦✑ ✡✆✆ ♦ ✁✂ ✄☎♦✄✆☎ ✠☎✎☎ ✟☞☎ r☞✡✌✑☛ ♦✑ ✁☎✝

✞ ❛✑☎✠ ✟☞✡✟ ✟☞☎ ♦✄✄✎☎☛☛♦✎ ✁❢☛✟ ✔☎ ✆✌✔☎✎✡✟☎✍ ❡❢☛✟
✡☛ ☛❢✎☎✆✂ ✡☛ ✟☞☎ ♦✄✄✎☎☛☛☎✍✝ ✖ ✁✡✑ ✠☞♦ ✟✡❛☎☛ ✡✠✡✂
✡✑♦✟☞☎✎ ✁✡✑✗☛ ✎☎☎✍♦✁ ✌☛ ✡ ✄✎✌☛♦✑☎✎ ♦ ☞✡✟✎☎✍✕ ☞☎ ✌☛
✆♦r❛☎✍ ✔☎☞✌✑✍ ✟☞☎ ✔✡✎☛ ♦ ✄✎☎❡❢✍✌r☎ ✡✑✍ ✑✡✎✎♦✠✒ prejudice
✁✌✑✍☎✍✑☎☛☛✝ ✞ ✡✁ ✑♦✟ ✟✎❢✆✂ ✎☎☎ ✌ ✞ ✡✁ ✟✡❛✌✑✏ ✡✠✡✂ a strong dislike
without any good
☛♦✁☎♦✑☎ ☎✆☛☎✗☛ ✎☎☎✍♦✁✓ ❡❢☛✟ ✡☛ ☛❢✎☎✆✂ ✡☛ ✞ ✡✁ ✑♦✟
reason
✎☎☎ ✠☞☎✑ ✁✂ ✎☎☎✍♦✁ ✌☛ ✟✡❛☎✑ ✎♦✁ ✁☎✝ ✘☞☎ ♦✄✄✎☎☛☛☎✍
✡✑✍ ✟☞☎ ♦✄✄✎☎☛☛♦✎ ✡✆✌❛☎ ✡✎☎ ✎♦✔✔☎✍ ♦ ✟☞☎✌✎ ☞❢✁✡✑✌✟✂✝
 Oral Comprehension Check
❙❯ ❳❨❩❬ ❭❬❪❫❴ ❵❛❞❫❣❩❬❫❵❴❤✐ ❥❵❦❤ ❧❩❴❥❦❞❩ ♥❦❴❬❫❵❴♦
♣❯ ❳❨❩❬ ❥❫❥ ❛❦❫❴❣ qs❦❦ ♥❦❩❴ ❬❵ ❧❩❴❥❦❞❩ ❩❤ ❩ ❛❵✉✈ ❩❴❥ ❩❤ ❩ ❤❬✇❥❦❴❬♦ ①❵❪
❥❵❦❤ ❨❦ ②❵❴❬s❩❤❬ ❬❨❦❤❦ ❭❬s❩❴❤❫❬❵s✉ qs❦❦❥❵♥❤✐ ❪❫❬❨ ❭❬❨❦ ❛❩❤❫② ❩❴❥
❨❵❴❵✇s❩❛❞❦ qs❦❦❥❵♥❤✐♦
③❯ ④❵❦❤ ❧❩❴❥❦❞❩ ❬❨❫❴⑤ ❬❨❦ ❵⑥⑥s❦❤❤❵s ❫❤ qs❦❦♦ ❳❨✉⑦❳❨✉ ❴❵❬♦

✶✳ ❲✌✍ ✎✞✎ ✡☞❝✌ ✏ ✝✏✄✑☎ ✠☞✒✆☎✄ ✟✓ ✞✠☛☎✄✠✏☛✞✟✠✏✝ ✝☎✏✎☎✄✡ ✏☛☛☎✠✎ ☛✌☎ ✞✠✏☞✑☞✄✏☛✞✟✠✔
❲✌✏☛ ✎✞✎ ✞☛ ✡✞✑✠✞✓✍ ☛✌☎ ☛✄✞☞✒✕✌ ✟✓✔
✷✳ ❲✌✏☛ ✎✟☎✡ ✖✏✠✎☎✝✏ ✒☎✏✠ ✗✌☎✠ ✌☎ ✡✏✍✡ ✌☎ ✞✡ ✘✡✞✒✕✝✍ ☛✌☎ ✡☞✒ ✟✓ ✏✝✝ ☛✌✟✡☎
❆✓✄✞❝✏✠ ✕✏☛✄✞✟☛✡✙ ✗✌✟ ✌✏✎ ✑✟✠☎ ✆☎✓✟✄☎ ✌✞✒✔
✸✳ ❲✟☞✝✎ ✍✟☞ ✏✑✄☎☎ ☛✌✏☛ ☛✌☎ ✘✎☎✕☛✌✡ ✟✓ ✟✕✕✄☎✡✡✞✟✠✙ ❝✄☎✏☛☎ ✘✌☎✞✑✌☛✡ ✟✓ ❝✌✏✄✏❝☛☎✄✙✔
❍✟✗ ✎✟☎✡ ✖✏✠✎☎✝✏ ✞✝✝☞✡☛✄✏☛☎ ☛✌✞✡✔ ✚✏✠ ✍✟☞ ✏✎✎ ✍✟☞✄ ✟✗✠ ☎✛✏✒✕✝☎✡ ☛✟ ☛✌✞✡
✏✄✑☞✒☎✠☛✔
✹✳ ❍✟✗ ✎✞✎ ✖✏✠✎☎✝✏✜✡ ☞✠✎☎✄✡☛✏✠✎✞✠✑ ✟✓ ✓✄☎☎✎✟✒ ❝✌✏✠✑☎ ✗✞☛✌ ✏✑☎ ✏✠✎
☎✛✕☎✄✞☎✠❝☎✔
✺✳ ❍✟✗ ✎✞✎ ✖✏✠✎☎✝✏✜✡ ✢✌☞✠✑☎✄ ✓✟✄ ✓✄☎☎✎✟✒✜ ❝✌✏✠✑☎ ✌✞✡ ✝✞✓☎✔

24
■✳ ❚✌☎✄☎ ✏✄☎ ✠✟☞✠✡ ✞✠ ☛✌☎ ☛☎✛☛ ✣❢✤✥✦✧★✩✤✪✱ ✫✤✬✭✥✪✦✭✪★✮ ✗✌✞❝✌ ✏✄☎ ✓✟✄✒☎✎ ✓✄✟✒
☛✌☎ ❝✟✄✄☎✡✕✟✠✎✞✠✑ t☎✄✆✡ ✣❢✤✥✦✯ ✫✤✬✭✥✪✮ ✆✍ ✡☞✓✓✞✛✞✠✑ ✰✣✧★✮✩✤✪ ✟✄ ✦✭✪★✳ ❚✌☎✄☎
✒✏✍ ✆☎ ✏ ❝✌✏✠✑☎ ✞✠ ☛✌☎ ✡✕☎✝✝✞✠✑ ✟✓ ✡✟✒☎ t☎✄✆ ♠ ✠✟☞✠ ✕✏✞✄✡✲ ✡☞❝✌ ✏✡ ✥✭✴✭✵✱
✥✭✴✭✵✵✩✤✪❀ ✻✤✪✼★✩★✽★✭✱ ✻✤✪✼★✩★✽★✩✤✪✳
✶✳ ▼✾✿❁ ✾ ❂❃❄❅ ❇❈ ❄❉❊❋ ●✾❃❏❄ ❇❈ ❑❇❉❑❄ ✾❑▲ ❖❁❏P❄ ❃❑ ❅❋❁ ❅❁◗❅❘
◆ ✁✂ ❱❡r❜
✄☎✆☎✝✝✞✟✠ ✄☎✆☎✝

❝✟✠✡☛✞☛☞☛✞✟✠ ❝✟✠✡☛✞☛☞☛☎
 ✷ ❘✁✂✄ ☎✆✁ ✝✂✞✂✟✞✂✝✆ ✠✁✡☛☞✌ ✍✎✡✡ ✎✏ ☎✆✁ ✠✡✂✏✑✒ ☞✎☎✆ ☎✆✁ ✏☛✓✏ ✔☛✞✕✒ ☛✔
☎✆✁ t✁✞✠✒ ✎✏ ✠✞✂✖✑✁☎✒✌

▼✗✘✙✚✛ ✜✢✙✣✤✘ ✥✚✛✦✧★ ✩✪✫✛✙✘ ✚✬✢✙✤✭ ✙✫ ✫✢✘ ✣ ✚★✙✫✘ ✮ ✗★ ✗✛

✫✢✙★✙✗✛♦✚✛✦ ✯✤✗♦✤✘ ✬✤✦✗✛ ✰✣✤✛ ✣✤ ✪✗✱✤ ✙✫ ✙✣✤ ✩✗★★✚★✙✭ ✫✲

✳✫★✗ ✴✗✘✵★✶ ✗ ★✤✗✱★✙✘✤★★ ✰✣✫ ✘✤✲✢★✤♦ ✙✫ ✦✚✸✤ ✢✹ ✣✤✘ ★✤✗✙ ✫✛ ✗ ✬✢★ ✙✫ ✗

✰✣✚✙ ✤ ✹✗★★✤✛✦ ✤✘ ✺✛ ✙✣✫★ ✤ ♦✗✮★ ✻✱ ✤✘ ✚✪✗✛ ✼ ✯✗✪✵★ ✰✤✘ ✤ ✪✫✛✲ ✚✛✤♦ ✙✫

✹✫★✚✙✚✫✛★ ✫✲ ★✤✪✫✛♦ ✪✯✗★★ ✪✚✙✚♣✤✛★✣✚✹ ✬✮ ✘✤★✙✘✚✪✙✚✸✤ ✯✗✰★ ✗✛♦ ✪✢★✙✫✱★ ✽✫

✬✘✤✗✵ ✙✣✤★✤ ✯✗✰★ ✰✫✢✯♦ ✱✤✗✛ ✩★✢✬✾✢✦✗✙✤✭ ✗✛♦

✩✣✢✱✚✯✚✗✙✤✭ ✬✮ ✙✣✤ ✹✫✯✚✪✤ ✗✛♦ ✙✣✤ ✯✤✦✗✯ ★✮★✙✤✱ ✼✤✗✙✚✛✦★✶

✩✚✱✹✘✚★✫✛✭ ✗✛♦ ★✫✱✤✙✚✱✤★ ♦✤✗✙✣ ✗✰✗✚✙✤♦ ✙✣✫★✤ ✰✣✫ ♦✤✲✚✤♦ ✙✣✤ ✿✮★✙✤✱

▼✗✘✙✚✛ ✜✢✙✣✤✘ ✥✚✛✦✧★ ✙✗✪✙✚✪★ ✫✲ ✹✘✫✙✤★✙ ✚✛✸✫✯✸✤♦ ✛✫✛❀✸✚✫✯✤✛✙

✩✘✤★✚★✙✭ ✙✫ ✘✗✪✚✗✯ ✚✛✾✢★✙✚✪✤

✺✺ ❯✒✎✏✟ ☎✆✁ ❁✁✔✎✏✎☎✁ ❂✞☎✎✖✡✁ ☞✎☎✆ ❃✂✕✁✒

❨✫✢ ✵✛✫✰ ✙✣✗✙ ✙✣✤ ♦✤✲✚✛✚✙✤ ✗✘✙✚✪✯✤ ❄✙✣✤✧ ✚★ ✛✫✙ ✛✫✘✱✗✯✯✮ ✢★✤♦ ✬✤✲✫✘✤ ✹✘✫✹✤✘
✛✫✢✛★ ♥✫✘ ♦✫ ✹✘✫✹✤✘ ✛✫✢✛★ ✢★✢✗✯✯✮ ✫✪✪✢✘ ✚✛ ✙✣✤ ✹✯✢✘✗✯ ✩❅✤ ♦✫ ✛✫✙ ★✗✮❡
❆❚❇❈ ❉❈❊❋●❍ ■❏❍❑❈❊❏✶ ✫✘ ❆❉❈❊❋●❍ ■❏❍❑❈❊❏❋ ✭ ✼✢✙ ✛✫✰ ✯✫✫✵ ✗✙ ✙✣✚★ ★✤✛✙✤✛✪✤
✲✘✫✱ ✙✣✤ ✙✤❢✙❡
25

❹ ✙✣✤ ♦✤✪✗♦✤★ ✫✲ ✫✹✹✘✤★★✚✫✛ ✗✛♦ ✬✘✢✙✗✯✚✙✮ ❹ ✹✘✫♦✢✪✤♦ ✙✣✤ ▲✯✚✸✤✘ ✽✗✱✬✫★✶

✙✣✤ ❅✗✯✙✤✘ ✿✚★✢✯✢★✶ ❹ ✫✲ ✫✢✘ ✙✚✱✤

◆★✤♦ ✚✛ ✙✣✚★ ✰✗✮ ✰✚✙✣ ❖❇❈ ✗✛♦❛✫✘ ✚✛ ✙✣✤ ✹✯✢✘✗✯✶ ✗ ✹✘✫✹✤✘ ✛✫✢✛ ✪✗✘✘✚✤★ ✗
★✹✤✪✚✗✯ ✱✤✗✛✚✛✦ s✫✘ ✤❢✗✱✹✯✤✶ ✰✣✗✙ ♦✫ ✮✫✢ ✙✣✚✛✵ ✙✣✤ ✛✗✱✤★ ✗✬✫✸✤ ✱✤✗✛P
◗✣✫✫★✤ ✙✣✤ ✘✚✦✣✙ ✗✛★✰✤✘

✩✗✭ ❙●❱ ❈❲❏❳❩❊❈ ▲✯✚✸✤✘ ✽✗✱✬✫✶ ❅✗✯✙✤✘ ✿✚★✢✯✢✶ ❹

✩✬✭ ❳❏❍♠ ●❖❇❈❱ ❳❈❍ ❊❬❭❈ ▲✯✚✸✤✘ ✽✗✱✬✫✶ ❅✗✯✙✤✘ ✿✚★✢✯✢ ❹❛❳❏❍♠ ❳❈❍ ●❙
❖❇❈❬❱ ❖♠❩❈ ●❱ ❭❬❍❑❪ ✰✣✫★✤ ✛✗✱✤★ ✱✗✮ ✛✫✙ ✬✤ ✗★ ✰✤✯✯ ✵✛✫✰✛

❫✚♦ ✮✫✢ ✪✣✫✫★✤ ✫✹✙✚✫✛ ✩✬✭P ✽✣✤✛ ✮✫✢ ✣✗✸✤ ✙✣✤ ✘✚✦✣✙ ✗✛★✰✤✘❴

❵✁✞✁ ✂✞✁ ✒☛✕✁ ✕☛✞✁ ✁❜✂✕✝✡✁✒ ☛✔ ❝☎✆✁❞ ✓✒✁✄ ☞✎☎✆ ✝✞☛✝✁✞ ✏✂✕✁✒✌ ❣✞❤ ☎☛
:

✒✂❤ ☞✆✂☎ ☎✆✁✒✁ ✒✁✏☎✁✏✖✁✒ ✕✁✂✏✌ ✐❥☛✓ ✕✂❤ ✖☛✏✒✓✡☎ ✂ ✄✎✖☎✎☛✏✂✞❤ ✎✔ ❤☛✓
☞✎✒✆✌ ✇☛☛✑ ✂☎ ☎✆✁ ✁✏☎✞❤ ✔☛✞ ❝☎✆✁❞✌❦

❧ ▼✘ ✿✚✛✦✣ ✘✤✦✢✯✗✘✯✮ ✚✛✸✚✙✤★ ✙✣✤ ✻✱✚✙✗✬✣ ✼✗✪✣✪✣✗✛★ ✗✛♦ ✙✣✤ ✿✣✗✣ ✳✢✵✣
✥✣✗✛★ ✙✫ ✣✚★ ✹✗✘✙✚✤★

✷ ▼✗✛✮ ✹✤✫✹✯✤ ✙✣✚✛✵ ✙✣✗✙ ▼✗♦✣✢✘✚ ❫✚❢✚✙ ✚★ ✙✣✤ ▼✗♦✣✢✬✗✯✗ ✫✲ ✫✢✘ ✙✚✱✤★

q r✚★✙✫✘✮ ✚★ ✛✫✙ ✫✛✯✮ ✙✣✤ ★✙✫✘✮ ✫✲ ✙✣✤ ✻✯✤❢✗✛♦✤✘★✶ ✙✣✤ ♥✗✹✫✯✤✫✛★ ✗✛♦ ✙✣✤
r✚✙✯✤✘★✶ ✬✢✙ ✫✲ ✫✘♦✚✛✗✘✮ ✹✤✫✹✯✤ ✗★ ✰✤✯✯
 ❦❦❦✩ ❀❁✯✫❂✳✴✯❃ ❄❅❈✺❉✻✻✯✫✰✻
▼✳✴❃❊ ✴❊❉ ✯✴✳❋✯❃✯✻❉❁ ❈❊✺✳✻❉✻ ✯✰ ✵✫❋●❂✰ ❍ ❏✯✴❊ ✴❊❉ ❈❊✺✳✻❉ ✰❉✳✺❉✻✴ ✯✰
❂❉✳✰✯✰✲ ✯✰ ✵✫❋●❂✰ ♠❑ ❖P◗❘❙❚ ❯✯✺✻✴ ❋✫✫✬ ❱✫✺ ✴❊❉ ✻❉✰✴❉✰❃❉ ✯✰ ✴❊❉ ✴❉❅✴ ✯✰
❏❊✯❃❊ ✴❊❉ ❈❊✺✳✻❉ ✯✰ ✵✫❋●❂✰ ❍ ✫❃❃●✺✻❑❲
❆ ❇
✶✒ ❦ ✡ ☛ ♥✓✔ ✕♥✖✗♥✘✙✕✚ ✓✙ ✭✐✮ ❤ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✆✄✝✞✄☎☎✟✂✠ ✡ ☛ ✡ ✝✟ ✄✆ ☎❤✟ ✆ ☞☎
☎❤✟ ✆ ☞☎ ✭✐✐✮ ✡ ☛ ✂✄☎ ☞ ✝✟✆✇✌ ✍✄✇☎ ☎❤✟ ✆ ☞☎
✭✐✐✐✮ ✆✄✝✞✄☎ ✄✝ ✡ ☛ ✂✄☎ ✡ ✝✟ ✄✆ ☎❤✟ ✆ ☞☎
✷✒ ✡❤✟✂ ✏✎ ☞✄✏✝ ✁✟☛ ✭✐✮ ♣✇☛❤✟✁ ✍✎ ☎❤✟ ✞✇ ✝✁☛ ☎✄ ☎❤✟ ✡ ✌✌
✂✁ ❦ ✛✜✢✜ ✣✕✤✥✜✘ ✔✓ ✭✐✐✮ ☎✄✄t ✏✄✝✟ ☎❤ ✂ ✄✇✝ ☛❤ ✝✟ ✄✆ ✍✟ ☎✐✂✞☛
✓✕✢ ✚✗✖✗✔✤
✭✐✐✐✮ ✆✟✌☎ ☎❤ ☎ ✡✟ ☞✄✇✌✁ ✂✄☎ ✟✂✁✇✝✟ ☎❤✟
☛✇✆✆✟✝✐✂✞ ✂✎ ✌✄✂✞✟✝
✸✒ ☎✄ ✝✟ ☛☛✇✝✟ ✏✟ ✂✁ ✭✐✮ ✏ t✟ ✏✟ ✞✄ ✄✂ ✡ ✌t✐✂✞
✦✜✜✣ ✖✜ ✧✓✗♥✧ ✭✐✐✮ ❤✟✌♣ ✏✟ ☞✄✂☎✐✂✇✟ ☎✄ ✌✐✑✟ ✐✂ ❤✄♣✟ ✐✂ ☎❤✐☛
✑✟✝✎ ✁✐✆✆✐☞✇✌☎ ☛✐☎✇ ☎✐✄✂
✭✐✐✐✮ ✏ t✟ ✏✟ ✝✟✏ ✐✂ ✡✐☎❤✄✇☎ ☞✄✏♣✌ ✐✂✐✂✞
✹✒ ☎❤✟ ✍ ☛✐☞ ✂✁ ✭✐✮ ✟ ✝✂✐✂✞ ✟✂✄✇✞❤ ✏✄✂✟✎ ☎✄ ✌✐✑✟ ✄✂
❤✄✂✄✇✝ ✍✌✟ ✆✝✟✟✁✄✏☛ ✭✐✐✮ t✟✟♣✐✂✞ ✡❤ ☎ ❦ ✟ ✝✂✟✁
✄✆♦✜❡✢♥✗♥✧ ✖★ ✦✜✜✣✱♦
✭✐✐✐✮ ✞✟☎☎✐✂✞ ✞✄✄✁ ☛ ✌ ✝✎
26

❦✂ ✞✝✄✇♣☛✱ ✁✐☛☞✇☛☛ ☎❤✟ ✐☛☛✇✟☛ ☛✇✞✞✟☛☎✟✁ ✐✂ ☎❤✟ ✍✄■ ✍✟✌✄✡✩ ✪❤✟✂ ♣✝✟♣ ✝✟
☛♣✟✟☞❤ ✄✆ ✍✄✇☎ ☎✡✄ ✏✐✂✇☎✟☛ ✄✂ ☎❤✟ ✆✄✌✌✄✡✐✂✞ ☎✄♣✐☞✩ ✭s✐✝☛☎ ✏ t✟ ✂✄☎✟☛ ✆✄✝
✎✄✇✝ ☛♣✟✟☞❤ ✐✂ ✡✝✐☎✐✂✞✩✮
✪✝✇✟ ✌✐✍✟✝☎✎ ✐☛ ✆✝✟✟✁✄✏ ✆✝✄✏ ♣✄✑✟✝☎✎✱ ✁✟♣✝✐✑ ☎✐✄✂ ✂✁ ✌✌ ✆✄✝✏☛ ✄✆
✁✐☛☞✝✐✏✐✂ ☎✐✄✂✩

⑩ ☞ ✇☛✟☛ ✄✆ ♣✄✑✟✝☎✎ ✂✁ ✏✟ ✂☛ ✄✆ ✄✑✟✝☞✄✏✐✂✞ ✐☎

⑩ ✁✐☛☞✝✐✏✐✂ ☎✐✄✂ ✍ ☛✟✁ ✄✂ ✞✟✂✁✟✝✱ ✝✟✌✐✞✐✄✂✱ ☞✌ ☛☛✱ ✟☎☞✩
⑩ ☞✄✂☛☎✐☎✇☎✐✄✂ ✌✌✎ ✞✇ ✝ ✂☎✟✟✁ ❤✇✏ ✂ ✝✐✞❤☎☛

❦✩ ▲✫✫✬✯✰✲ ✳✴ ✵✫✰✴✺✳✻✴✻
◆✟✌☛✄✂ ✼ ✂✁✟✌ ✽☛ ✡✝✐☎✐✂✞ ✐☛ ✏ ✝t✟✁ ✍✎ ❜❡✚❡♥✾✜✿ ✏ ✂✎ ☛✟✂☎✟✂☞✟☛ ❤ ✑✟ ☎✡✄
♣ ✝☎☛ ✐✂ ✍ ✌ ✂☞✟✩
 ❯ ✁ ✂✄✁ ☎✆✝✝✆✞✟✠✡ ☛✄☞✌ ✁ ✂✆ ✍✆✎☛✝✁✂✁ ✂✄✁ ✁✠✂✁✠✍✁ ✡✟✏✁✠ ✑✁✝✆✞✒

✭✟✓ ✂✄✁t ✍✌✠ ✑✁ ✂✌✔✡✄✂ ✂✆ ✝✆✏✁✒ ✭✟✏✓ ✑✔✂ ✄✁ ✞✄✆ ✍✆✠❜✔✁☞ ✂✄✌✂ ☎✁✌☞✒
✭✟✟✓ ■ ✞✌ ✑✆☞✠ ☎☞✁✁✒ ✭✏✓ ✂✆ ✍☞✁✌✂✁ ✔✍✄ ✄✁✟✡✄✂ ✆☎
✭✟✟✟✓ ✑✔✂ ✂✄✁ ✂☞✟✔✎☛✄ ✆✏✁☞ ✟✂✒ ✍✄✌☞✌✍✂✁☞✒

✶✒ ■✂ ☞✁❜✔✟☞✁ ✔✍✄ ✕✁☛✂✄ ✆☎ ✆☛☛☞✁ ✟✆✠

✷✒ ❈✆✔☞✌✡✁ ✞✌ ✠✆✂ ✂✄✁ ✌✑ ✁✠✍✁ ✆☎ ☎✁✌☞
✸✒ ❚✄✁ ✑☞✌✏✁ ✎✌✠ ✟ ✠✆✂ ✄✁ ✞✄✆ ✕✆✁ ✠✆✂ ☎✁✁✝ ✌☎☞✌✟✕
✹✒ ■☎ ☛✁✆☛✝✁ ✍✌✠ ✝✁✌☞✠ ✂✆ ✄✌✂✁
✺✒ ■ ✞✌ ✠✆✂ ✑✆☞✠ ✞✟✂✄ ✌ ✄✔✠✡✁☞ ✂✆ ✑✁ ☎☞✁✁✒

■■✒ ❚✄✟ ✂✁✖✂ ☞✁☛✁✌✂✁✕✝t ✍✆✠✂☞✌ ✂ ✂✄✁ ☛✌ ✂ ✞✟✂✄ ✂✄✁ ☛☞✁ ✁✠✂ ✆☞ ✂✄✁ ☎✔✂✔☞✁✒ ❡✁
✍✌✠ ✔ ✁ ✍✆✆☞✕✟✠✌✂✁✕ ✍✝✌✔ ✁ ✂✆ ✍✆✠✂☞✌ ✂ ✂✞✆ ✏✟✁✞ ❝ ☎✆☞ ✁✎☛✄✌ ✟ ✆☞ ✁☎☎✁✍✂✒
●✟✏✁✠ ✑✁✝✆✞ ✌☞✁ ✁✠✂✁✠✍✁ ✍✌☞☞t✟✠✡ ✆✠✁ ☛✌☞✂ ✆☎ ✂✄✁ ✍✆✠✂☞✌ ✂✒ ✗✟✠✕ ✟✠ ✂✄✁ ✂✁✖✂
✂✄✁ ✁✍✆✠✕ ☛✌☞✂ ✆☎ ✂✄✁ ✍✆✠✂☞✌ ✂❝ ✌✠✕ ✍✆✎☛✝✁✂✁ ✁✌✍✄ ✟✂✁✎✒ ■✕✁✠✂✟☎t ✂✄✁ ✞✆☞✕
✞✄✟✍✄ ✟✡✠✌✝ ✂✄✁ ✍✆✠✂☞✌ ✂✒ ❚✄✟ ✄✌ ✑✁✁✠ ✕✆✠✁ ☎✆☞ t✆✔ ✟✠ ✂✄✁ ☎✟☞ ✂ ✟✂✁✎✒
✶✒ ❋✘✙ ✚✛✜✢✚✛✣ ✂✄✁ ❯✠✟✆✠ ✤✔✟✝✕✟✠✡ ✄✌✕ ✑✁✁✠ ✂✄✁ ✁✌✂ ✆☎ ✞✄✟✂✁ ✔☛☞✁✎✌✍t❝
✢❛✚ ❛✘✥ ✒✒✒ 27
✷✒ ❖✠✝t ✎✆✎✁✠✂ ✑✁☎✆☞✁❝ ✂✄✁ ✄✟✡✄✁ ✂ ✡✁✠✁☞✌✝ ✆☎ ✂✄✁ ✦✆✔✂✄ ✧☎☞✟✍✌✠ ✕✁☎✁✠✍✁
☎✆☞✍✁ ✌✠✕ ☛✆✝✟✍✁ ✒✒✒ ✌✝✔✂✁✕ ✎✁ ✌✠✕ ☛✝✁✕✡✁✕ ✂✄✁✟☞ ✝✆t✌✝✂t✒ ✒✒✒ ✠✆✂ ✆ ✎✌✠t
t✁✌☞ ✑✁☎✆☞✁ ✂✄✁t ✞✆✔✝✕ ✠✆✂ ✄✌✏✁ ✌✝✔✂✁✕
✸✒ ✧✝✂✄✆✔✡✄ ✂✄✌✂ ✕✌t ✠✁✟✂✄✁☞ ✡☞✆✔☛ ❆✠✁✞ ✂✄✁ ✝t☞✟✍ ✆☎ ✂✄✁ ✌✠✂✄✁✎ ✒✒✒❝ ✂✄✁t
✞✆✔✝✕ ✆✆✠
✹✒ ▼t ✍✆✔✠✂☞t ✟ ☞✟✍✄ ✟✠ ✂✄✁ ✎✟✠✁☞✌✝ ✌✠✕ ✡✁✎ ✂✄✌✂ ✝✟✁ ✑✁✠✁✌✂✄ ✟✂ ✆✟✝❝

✺✒ ❚✄✁ ✧✟☞ ✦✄✆✞ ✞✌ ✠✆✂ ✆✠✝t ✌ ✕✟ ☛✝✌t ✆☎ ☛✟✠☛✆✟✠✂ ☛☞✁✍✟ ✟✆✠ ✌✠✕ ✎✟✝✟✂✌☞t
☎✆☞✍✁❝ ✑✔✂
:

✻✒ ■✂ ✞✌ ✂✄✟ ✕✁ ✟☞✁ ☎✆☞ ✂✄✁ ☎☞✁✁✕✆✎ ✆☎ ✎t ☛✁✆☛✝✁ ✒✒✒ ✂✄✌✂ ✂☞✌✠ ☎✆☞✎✁✕
✟✠✂✆ ✌ ✑✆✝✕ ✆✠✁❝ ✂✄✌✂ ✕☞✆✏✁ ✂✆ ✑✁✍✆✎✁ ✌
✍☞✟✎✟✠✌✝❝ ✂✄✌✂ ✂✔☞✠✁✕ ✟✠✂✆ ✌ ✎✌✠ ✞✟✂✄✆✔✂ ✌ ✄✆✎✁✒

■■■✒ ❊★✩✪✫✬✬✮✯✰ ✱♦✲✪ ✳✩✮✯✮♦✯

❉✆ t✆✔ ✂✄✟✠❆ ✂✄✁☞✁ ✟ ✍✆✝✆✔☞ ☛☞✁✴✔✕✟✍✁ ✟✠ ✆✔☞ ✆✞✠ ✍✆✔✠✂☞t✵ ❉✟ ✍✔ ✂✄✟
✞✟✂✄ t✆✔☞ ☎☞✟✁✠✕ ✌✠✕ ✞☞✟✂✁ ✌ ☛✌☞✌✡☞✌☛✄ ✆☎ ✌✑✆✔✂ ✶✇✇ ✂✆ ✶✺✇ ✞✆☞✕ ✌✑✆✔✂
 t ✁✂✄ ☎♦✆ ✝✞✟ t ✟ ♦✠t✁♦✡ ♦☛ ☞✝✌✁✡✍ ✎♦✆✏ ✠✝✏✝✍✏✝✠ ✝ ✆☞♦✏♦✆✂ ♦✡✟✄
✭✑✟✝✒ t ✟ ✂ ♦✏t ✞✟✏✂✟ ✍✁✞✟✡ ✓✟✔♦✕✄✖
❲ ✟✡ ✎♦✆ ✕✟✏✟ ✓♦✏✡ ✎♦✆ ✕✟✏✟ ✠✁✡✌
❲ ✟✡ ✎♦✆ ✍✏✟✕ ✆✠ ✎♦✆ ✓✟✗✝☞✟ ✕ ✁t✟
❲ ✟✡ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✁✡ t ✟ ✂✆✡ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✏✟✒
❲ ✟✡ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✂✁✗✌ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✎✟✔✔♦✕
❲ ✟✡ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✝✡✍✏✎ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✠✆✏✠✔✟
❲ ✟✡ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✂ ♦✗✌✟✒ ✎♦✆ ✝✏✟ ✍✏✟✎
❆✡✒ ✎♦✆ ✝✞✟ t ✟ ✗ ✟✟✌ t♦ ✗✝✔✔ ☞✟ ✘✗♦✔♦✆✏✟✒✙✄

WHAT WE HAVE DONE

Shared Nelson Mandela’s moving description of his inauguration as South Africa’s first
black President, and his thoughts on freedom.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Divide your class into three groups and give each group one of the following topics to
research: (i) black Americans, and their fight against discrimination, (ii) women, and
their fight for equality, (iii) the Vietnamese, and their fight for independence.
Choose a student from each group to present a short summary of each topic to
the class.
28

Homophones
Can you find the words below that are spelt
similarly, and sometimes even pronounced
similarly, but have very different meanings? Check
their pronunciation and meaning in a dictionary.
• The bandage was wound around the wound.
• The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the
desert.
❚ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✞☎✟✠✡☛✂✠✂ ☛ ✠✁☞✆✡ ✁✟ ✠ ✆ ✌☎☎ ✍✁✠ ✠ ✆ ✠✁☞✆✡ ✁✟ ✁✠✂ ✟☛✠✎✡☛✏
☛❤✁✠☛✠✑ ❚ ✆ ✄☎✆✝ ✝☎✒✆✂ ✓✡☎✝ ✠ ✆ ✌☎☎ ✠☎ ✠ ✆ ✔✎✟☞✏✆✕ ☛✟✖ ❤☛✞✗ ☛☞☛✁✟
✠☎ ✠ ✆ ✌☎☎✑ t✆☛✖ ✠ ✆ ✄☎✆✝ ✂✁✏✆✟✠✏✘ ☎✟✞✆✕ ☛✟✖ ✂☛✘ ✍ ✁✞ ✂✠☛✟✌☛✂
✂✄✆☛✗ ☛❤☎✎✠ ✠ ✆ ✠✁☞✆✡ ✁✟ ✠ ✆ ✌☎☎✕ ☛✟✖ ✍ ✁✞ ☎✟✆✂ ✂✄✆☛✗ ☛❤☎✎✠ ✠ ✆
✠✁☞✆✡ ✁✟ ✠ ✆ ✔✎✟☞✏✆✑

❍✙ ✚✛✜✢✣✚ ✤✥ ✦✤✚ ✧✤✧✤★ ✚✛✩✤✪✙✚

✫✦✙ ✬✙✭ ✚✛✙✪✚ ✮✬ ✦✤✚ ✯✜✰✙✱
❖✥ ✪✜★✚ ✮✬ ✧✙✢✧✙✛ ✲✳✤✙✛✱
■✥ ✦✤✚ ✲✳✤✙✛ ✩✜✰✙✴

❍✙ ✚✦✮✳✢★ ✵✙ ✢✳✩✣✤✥✰ ✤✥ ✚✦✜★✮✭✱

❙✢✤★✤✥✰ ✛✦✩✮✳✰✦ ✢✮✥✰ ✰✩✜✚✚
◆✙✜✩ ✛✦✙ ✭✜✛✙✩ ✦✮✢✙
❲✦✙✩✙ ✪✢✳✶✪ ★✙✙✩ ✪✜✚✚✴

❍✙ ✚✦✮✳✢★ ✵✙ ✚✥✜✩✢✤✥✰ ✜✩✮✳✥★ ✦✮✳✚✙✚

❆✛ ✛✦✙ ✷✳✥✰✢✙✸✚ ✙★✰✙✱
❇✜✩✤✥✰ ✦✤✚ ✭✦✤✛✙ ✬✜✥✰✚✱ ✦✤✚ ✯✢✜✭✚✱
✫✙✩✩✮✩✤✚✤✥✰ ✛✦✙ ✧✤✢✢✜✰✙✹

❇✳✛ ✦✙✸✚ ✢✮✯✣✙★ ✤✥ ✜ ✯✮✥✯✩✙✛✙ ✯✙✢✢✱

❍✤✚ ✚✛✩✙✥✰✛✦ ✵✙✦✤✥★ ✵✜✩✚✱
❙✛✜✢✣✤✥✰ ✛✦✙ ✢✙✥✰✛✦ ✮✬ ✦✤✚ ✯✜✰✙✱
■✰✥✮✩✤✥✰ ✧✤✚✤✛✮✩✚✴

❍✙ ✦✙✜✩✚ ✛✦✙ ✢✜✚✛ ✧✮✤✯✙ ✜✛ ✥✤✰✦✛✱

✫✦✙ ✪✜✛✩✮✢✢✤✥✰ ✯✜✩✚✱
❆✥★ ✚✛✜✩✙✚ ✭✤✛✦ ✦✤✚ ✵✩✤✢✢✤✜✥✛ ✙✺✙✚
❆✛ ✛✦✙ ✵✩✤✢✢✤✜✥✛ ✚✛✜✩✚✴
▲❊✻✼✽❊ ✾✿❀❀✽✻
 s ✁✂✄s☎ ♠✆✝✞✟ ✆✠ ✆✠✡☛☞✌ ✍✆☛✠✎✠✡ ✟✏✑✠✒

✶✳ ❘✞✆✒ ✓✔✞ ✕✏✞♠ ✆✡✆✎✠✌ ✆✠✒ ✍✏☛✝ ✎✠ ✕✆✎☛✟ ✏☛ ✡☛✏✑✕✟ ✓✏ ✒✏ ✓✔✞ ✖✏✗✗✏✍✎✠✡ ✓✆✟✝✟✳
✭✎✮ ❋✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✍✏☛✒✟ ✓✔✆✓ ✒✞✟✘☛✎✙✞ ✓✔✞ ♠✏✚✞♠✞✠✓✟ ✆✠✒ ✆✘✓✎✏✠✟ ✏✖ ✓✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✎✠
✓✔✞ ✘✆✡✞ ✆✠✒ ✎✠ ✓✔✞ ✍✎✗✒✳ t☛☛✆✠✡✞ ✓✔✞♠ ✎✠ ✓✍✏ ✘✏✗✑♠✠✟✳
✭✎✎✮ ❋✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✍✏☛✒✟ ✓✔✆✓ ✒✞✟✘☛✎✙✞ ✓✔✞ ✓✍✏ ✕✗✆✘✞✟✌ ✆✠✒ ✆☛☛✆✠✡✞ ✓✔✞♠ ✎✠ ✓✍✏
✘✏✗✑♠✠✟✳
◆✏✍ ✓☛☞ ✓✏ ✟✔✆☛✞ ✎✒✞✆✟ ✆✙✏✑✓ ✔✏✍ ✓✔✞ ✕✏✞✓ ✑✟✞✟ ✍✏☛✒✟ ✆✠✒ ✎♠✆✡✞✟ ✓✏ ✘✏✠✓☛✆✟✓
✓✔✞ ✓✍✏ ✟✎✓✑✆✓✎✏✠✟✳
✷✳ ◆✏✓✎✘✞ ✓✔✞ ✑✟✞ ✏✖ ✆ ✍✏☛✒ ☛✞✕✞✆✓✞✒ ✎✠ ✗✎✠✞✟ ✟✑✘✔ ✆✟ ✓✔✞✟✞✛
✭✎✮ ❖✠ ✕✆✒✟ ✏✖ ✚✞✗✚✞✓ ✜✑✎✞✓✌
■✠ ✔✎✟ ✜✑✎✞✓ ☛✆✡✞✳
✭✎✎✮ t✠✒ ✟✓✆☛✞✟ ✍✎✓✔ ✔✎✟ ✙☛✎✗✗✎✆✠✓ ✞☞✞✟
t✓ ✓✔✞ ✙☛✎✗✗✎✆✠✓ ✟✓✆☛✟✳
❲✔✆✓ ✒✏ ☞✏✑ ✓✔✎✠✝ ✎✟ ✓✔✞ ✞✖✖✞✘✓ ✏✖ ✓✔✎✟ ☛✞✕✞✓✎✓✎✏✠✢
✸✳ ❘✞✆✒ ✓✔✞ ✖✏✗✗✏✍✎✠✡ ✓✍✏ ✕✏✞♠✟ ✣ ✏✠✞ ✆✙✏✑✓ ✆ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✆✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✏✓✔✞☛ ✆✙✏✑✓ ✆
✕✆✠✓✔✞☛✳ ✤✔✞✠ ✒✎✟✘✑✟✟✛
t☛✞ ❆✏✏✟ ✠✞✘✞✟✟✆☛☞ ✖✏☛ ✓✔✞ ✕☛✏✓✞✘✓✎✏✠ ✏☛ ✘✏✠✟✞☛✚✆✓✎✏✠ ✏✖ ✟✏♠✞ ✟✕✞✘✎✞✟ ✏✖
✆✠✎♠✆✗✟✢ t☛✞ ✓✔✞☞ ✑✟✞✖✑✗ ✖✏☛ ✞✒✑✘✆✓✎✠✡ ✓✔✞ ✕✑✙✗✎✘✢ t☛✞ ✓✔✞☛✞ ✆✗✓✞☛✠✆✓✎✚✞✟
30 ✓✏ ❆✏✏✟✢
❚✥✦ ❚✧★✦✩
✤✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✙✆☛✟ ✏✖ ✔✎✟ ✘✆✡✞ ✡☛✏✍✗✟✌
✤✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✙✆☛✟ ✏✖ ✔✎✟ ✘✆✡✞ ✟✠✆☛✗✟✌
✤✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✙✆☛✟ ✏✖ ✔✎✟ ✘✆✡✞ ☛✏✆☛✟✳
✤✔✞✠ ✔✞ ✓✔✎✠✝✟✳
■✓ ✍✏✑✗✒ ✙✞ ✠✎✘✞ ✠✏✓ ✓✏ ✙✞ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✙✆☛✟ ✆✗✗
✤✔✞ ✓✎♠✞
❇✞✘✆✑✟✞ ✓✔✞☞ ✟✕✏✎✗ ♠☞ ✚✎✞✍
■ ✍✎✟✔ ■ ✍✞☛✞ ✍✎✗✒✌ ✠✏✓ ✏✠ ✟✔✏✍✳
❇✑✓ ✎✖ ■ ✍✞☛✞ ✍✎✗✒✌ ✔✑✠✓✞☛✟ ♠✎✡✔✓ ✟✔✏✏✓ ♠✞✌
❇✑✓ ✎✖ ■ ✍✞☛✞ ✍✎✗✒✌ ✖✏✏✒ ♠✎✡✔✓ ✕✏✎✟✏✠ ♠✞✌
❇✑✓ ✎✖ ■ ✍✞☛✞ ✍✎✗✒✌ ✍✆✓✞☛ ♠✎✡✔✓ ✒☛✏✍✠ ♠✞✳
✤✔✞✠ ✔✞ ✟✓✏✕✟ ✓✔✎✠✝✎✠✡
t✠✒✳✳✳
✤✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✙✆☛✟ ✏✖ ✔✎✟ ✘✆✡✞ ✡☛✏✍✗✟✌
✤✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✙✆☛✟ ✏✖ ✔✎✟ ✘✆✡✞ ✟✠✆☛✗✟✌
✤✔✞ ✓✎✡✞☛ ✙✞✔✎✠✒ ✓✔✞ ✙✆☛✟ ✏✖ ✔✎✟ ✘✆✡✞ ☛✏✆☛✟✳
P❊✪❊✫ ✬✯✰✱❊✪✪
 ❚ ✁ ✂✄☎✆ ✁✝
❍✞✟ ✠✞✟✞✡☛☞ ✌✍✡✎ ✏✑✒ ✓✡☛✟✏✔☛✏✕✖ ✗✔✟✟✞☛✘ ✙✔✍✟☞
✑✔✟ ✘✍✡❤☛ ✟✡ ❤✒✔✍✖ ✏✑✔✏ ✞✏ ✓✔☛☛✡✏ ✑✡✕✚
✔☛✖✏✑✞☛✘ ✒✕✟✒❛ ✛✏ ✟✒✒✎✟ ✏✡ ✑✞✎ ✏✑✒✍✒ ✔✍✒
✔ ✏✑✡✜✟✔☛✚ ✙✔✍✟✢ ✔☛✚ ✙✒✑✞☛✚ ✏✑✒ ✙✔✍✟☞ ☛✡ ❤✡✍✕✚❛
❆✟ ✑✒ ✗✔✓✒✟ ✞☛ ✓✍✔✎✗✒✚ ✓✞✍✓✕✒✟☞ ✡✠✒✍ ✔☛✚ ✡✠✒✍☞
✏✑✒ ✎✡✠✒✎✒☛✏ ✡✌ ✑✞✟ ✗✡❤✒✍✌✜✕ ✟✡✌✏ ✟✏✍✞✚✒✟
✞✟ ✕✞✐✒ ✔ ✍✞✏✜✔✕ ✚✔☛✓✒ ✔✍✡✜☛✚ ✔ ✓✒☛✏✍✒
✞☛ ❤✑✞✓✑ ✔ ✎✞✘✑✏✖ ❤✞✕✕ ✟✏✔☛✚✟ ✗✔✍✔✕✖✟✒✚❛
❖☛✕✖ ✔✏ ✏✞✎✒✟☞ ✏✑✒ ✓✜✍✏✔✞☛ ✡✌ ✏✑✒ ✗✜✗✞✕✟
✕✞✌✏✟☞ ❧✜✞✒✏✕✖❛ ❆☛ ✞✎✔✘✒ ✒☛✏✒✍✟ ✞☛☞
✍✜✟✑✒✟ ✚✡❤☛ ✏✑✍✡✜✘✑ ✏✑✒ ✏✒☛✟✒✚☞ ✔✍✍✒✟✏✒✚ ✎✜✟✓✕✒✟☞
✗✕✜☛✘✒✟ ✞☛✏✡ ✏✑✒ ✑✒✔✍✏ ✔☛✚ ✞✟ ✘✡☛✒❛
❘✣✤✥✦✧ ★✣✧✤✣ ❘✤■✩✦
✹❛ ✪✔✐✒ ✔ ✗✡✞☛✏ ✡✌ ✠✞✒❤ ✌✡✍ ✡✍ ✔✘✔✞☛✟✏ ✫✡✡✟☞ ✡✍ ✒✠✒☛ ✓✡☛✟✞✚✒✍ ✙✡✏✑ ✗✡✞☛✏✟ ✡✌ ✠✞✒❤
✔☛✚ ❤✍✞✏✒ ✔ ✓✡✜✗✕✒ ✡✌ ✗✔✍✔✘✍✔✗✑✟ ✡✍ ✟✗✒✔✐ ✔✙✡✜✏ ✏✑✞✟ ✏✡✗✞✓ ✌✡✍ ✔ ✓✡✜✗✕✒ ✡✌
✎✞☛✜✏✒✟ ✞☛ ✓✕✔✟✟❛
31

The Greater Cats

The greater cats with golden eyes
Stare out between the bars.
Deserts are there, and different skies,
And night with different stars.
VICTORIA SACKVILLE-WEST
 BEFORE YOU READ
❙ ✁✂✄ ☎✆✄ ✄✝✞✟ ✄✠☎ ☎ ✡✄✠☛ ✆☞✡✝✁✠ ✆✝✌✄ ✍✞✄✝✡☎ ✎✏ ✂✎✁✑☞✄✞ ✁✒ ☎✆✄

✠s ✄✠✓ ✔✄✞✄ ✝✞✄ ☎✕✎ ✠☎✎✞ ✄✠ ✝✖✎☞☎ ✏✟✗ ✁✒✓

■✓ ❆ ✗✎☞✁✒ ✠✄✝✒☞✟✟ ✠ ✝✏✞✝ ✍ ☎✎ ✏✟✗✓ ✔✎✕ ✍✎✄✠ ✆✄ ✂✎✁✑☞✄✞ ✆ ✠ ✏✄✝✞✘

■■✓ ❆ ✙ ✟✎☎ ✠ ✟✎✠☎ ✁ ✠☎✎✞✡ ✂✟✎☞✍✠✓ ✚✎✄✠ ✆✄ ✝✞✞ ✌✄ ✠✝✏✄✘ ✛✆✎ ✆✄✟✙✠

✆ ✡✘

❍✢✣ ✤✢✥✣✦ ✤✧✢★✩✦

❚✪✫ ✬✭✮✯✰ ✱✲✳✰✮✴✴ ✵✳✱ ✳✴✭✯✲ ✭✯ ✶✷✱ ✴✲✸✰✲✹ ✺✷✱ ✻✵✭ ledge
❜✼✭✻✶✲✼✱ ✳✯✸ ✶✷✱ ✱✷✱✻✲✼ ✶✳✸ ✳✴✼✲✳✸✬ ✽✴✭✵✯ ✳✵✳✬ ✻✶✲ a narrow horizontal
shelf projecting from
✸✳✬ ❜✲✽✭✼✲✹ ✺✲ ✶✳✸ ❜✲✲✯ ✳✽✼✳✷✸ ✻✭ ✽✴✬ ✵✷✻✶ ✻✶✲❞✹
a wall or (here) a cliff
✾✭❞✲✶✭✵ ✵✶✲✯ ✶✲ ✶✳✸ ✻✳✿✲✯ ✳ ✴✷✻✻✴✲ ✼✮✯ ✽✭✼✵✳✼✸ ✻✭

✻✶✲ ❜✼✷✯✿ ✭✽ ✻✶ ✲ ✴✲✸✰✲ ✳ ✯✸ ✳✻✻✲❞t✻✲✸ ✻✭ ✽✴✳ t ✶✷ ✱

✵✷✯✰✱ ✶✲ ❜✲✇✳❞✲ ✳✽✼✳✷✸✹ ❚✶✲ ✰✼✲✳✻ ✲❀t✳✯✱✲ ✭✽ ✱✲✳

✱✻✼✲✻✇✶✲✸ ✸✭✵✯ ❜ ✲✯✲✳ ✻✶❁ ✳ ✯✸ ✷✻ ✵✳ ✱ ✱✮✇✶ ✳ ✴✭✯✰

✵✳✬ ✸✭✵✯ ❂ ❞✷✴✲✱ ✸✭✵✯✹ ✺✲ ✽✲✴✻ ✇✲✼✻✳✷✯ ✻✶✳✻ ✶✷✱

✵✷✯✰✱ ✵✭✮✴✸ ✯✲❃✲✼ ✱✮tt✭✼✻ ✶✷❞❄ ✱✭ ✶✲ ❜✲✯✻ ✶✷✱ ✶✲✳✸

✳✯✸ ✼✳✯ ✳✵✳✬ ❜✳✇✿ ✻✭ ✻✶✲ ✴✷✻✻✴✲ ✶✭✴✲ ✮✯✸✲✼ ✻✶✲ ✴✲✸✰✲

✵✶ ✲✼ ✲ ✶✲ ✱✴✲t✻ ✳✻ ✯✷✰✶ ✻✹ ❅❃ ✲✯ ✵✶ ✲✯ ✲✳✇✶ ✭✽ ✶✷ ✱

❜✼✭✻✶✲✼✱ ✳✯✸ ✶✷✱ ✴✷✻✻✴✲ ✱✷✱✻✲✼❁ ✵✶✭✱✲ ✵✷✯✰✱ ✵✲✼✲ ✽✳✼

✱✶✭✼✻✲✼ ✻✶✳✯ ✶✷✱ ✭✵✯❁ ✼✳✯ ✻✭ ✻✶✲ ❜✼✷✯✿❁ ✽✴✳tt✲✸ ✻✶✲✷✼

✵✷✯✰✱❁ ✳✯✸ ✽✴✲✵ ✳✵✳✬❁ ✶✲ ✽✳✷✴✲✸ ✻✭ ❞✮✱✻✲✼ ✮t ✇✭✮✼✳✰✲

✻✭ ✻✳ ✿✲ ✻✶ ✳ ✻ t ✴✮ ✯✰ ✲ ✵✶✷ ✇ ✶ ✳ tt ✲✳ ✼ ✲✸ ✻✭ ✶✷❞ ✱✭

✸✲✱t✲✼✳✻✲✹ ✺✷✱ ✽✳✻✶✲✼ ✳✯✸ ❞✭✻✶✲✼ ✶✳✸ ✇✭❞✲ ✳✼✭✮✯✸

❝ ✁✁✂✄☎ ✆✝ ✞✂✟ ✠✞✡✂✁✁☛☞ ✌✍✎✡ ✂✏✂✄☎ ✞✂✟☞ ✆✞✡❤ ✆❤✄✂✄☎ upbraiding
✆✝ ✁❤✆ ✞✂✟ ✠✆ ✡t❤ ✝✄ ✞✂✠ ✁❤✏☎❤ ✌✄✁❤✠✠ ✞❤ ✑✁❤✒ ✒ ☛✓ scolding
❇✌✆ ✑✝✡ ✆✞❤ ✁✂✑❤ ✝✑ ✞✂✟ ✞❤ ❝✝✌✁✏ ✄✝✆ ✟✝t❤✓
❚✞ ✆ ✒ ✠ ✆✒❤✄✆☛✔✑✝✌✡ ✞✝✌✡✠ ☎✝✓ ✕✂✄❝❤ ✆✞❤✄
✄✝✎✝✏☛ ✞ ✏ ❝✝✟❤ ✄❤ ✡ ✞✂✟✓ ❚✞❤ ✏ ☛ ✎❤✑✝✡❤☞ ✁✁ ✏ ☛
✁✝✄☎☞ ✞❤ ✞ ✏ ✒ ✆❝✞❤✏ ✞✂✠ ✍ ✡❤✄✆✠ ✑✁☛✂✄☎ ✎✝✌✆ ✒✂✆✞
✞✂✠ ✎✡✝✆✞❤✡✠ ✄✏ ✠✂✠✆❤✡☞ ✍❤✡✑❤❝✆✂✄☎ ✆✞❤✟ ✂✄ ✆✞❤ ✡✆
✝✑ ✑✁✂☎✞✆☞ ✆❤ ❝✞✂✄☎ ✆✞❤✟ ✞✝✒ ✆✝ ✠♦✂✟ ✆✞❤ ✒ t❤✠ ✄✏ (to) skim
✞✝✒ ✆✝ ✏✂t❤ ✑✝✡ ✑✂✠✞✓ ✖❤ ✞ ✏☞ ✂✄ ✑ ❝✆☞ ✠❤❤✄ ✞✂✠ ✝✁✏❤✡ to move lightly just
✎✡✝✆✞❤✡ ❝ ✆❝✞ ✞✂✠ ✑✂✡✠✆ ✞❤✡✡✂✄☎ ✄✏ ✏❤t✝✌✡ ✂✆☞ above a surface
(here, the sea)
✠✆ ✄✏✂✄☎ ✝✄ ✡✝❝♦☞ ✒✞✂✁❤ ✞✂✠ ✍ ✡❤✄✆✠ ❝✂✡❝✁❤✏ ✡✝✌✄✏
✡ ✂✠✂✄☎ ✍✡✝✌✏ ❝ ❝♦✁❤✓ r✄✏ ✁✁ ✆✞❤ ✟✝✡✄✂✄☎ ✆✞❤ herring
a soft-finned sea fish
✒✞✝✁❤ ✑ ✟✂✁☛ ✞ ✏ ✒ ✁♦❤✏ ✎✝✌✆ ✝✄ ✆✞❤ ✎✂☎ ✍✁ ✆❤ ✌
✟✂✏✒ ☛ ✏✝✒✄ ✆✞❤ ✝✍✍✝✠✂✆❤ ❝✁✂✑✑ ✆ ✌✄✆✂✄☎ ✞✂✟ ✒✂✆✞
✞✂✠ ❝✝✒ ✡✏✂❝❤✓
❚✞❤ ✠✌✄ ✒ ✠ ✄✝✒ ✠❝❤✄✏✂✄☎ ✆✞❤ ✠♦☛☞ ✎✁ ✗✂✄☎ ✝✄
✞✂✠ ✁❤✏☎❤ ✆✞ ✆ ✑ ❝❤✏ ✆✞❤ ✠✝✌✆✞✓ ✖❤ ✑❤✁✆ ✆✞❤ ✞❤ ✆
✎❤❝ ✌✠❤ ✞❤ ✞ ✏ ✄✝✆ ❤ ✆❤✄ ✠✂✄❝❤ ✆✞❤ ✍✡❤t✂✝✌✠ ✄✂☎✞✆✑ ✁✁✓
✖❤ ✠✆❤✍✍❤✏ ✠✁✝✒✁☛ ✝✌✆ ✆✝ ✆✞❤ ✎✡✂✄♦ ✝✑ ✆✞❤ ✁❤✏☎❤☞
✄✏ ✠✆ ✄✏✂✄☎ ✝✄ ✝✄❤ ✁❤☎ ✒✂✆✞ ✆✞❤ ✝✆✞❤✡ ✁❤☎ ✞✂✏✏❤✄
✌✄✏❤✡ ✞✂✠ ✒✂✄☎☞ ✞❤ ❝✁✝✠❤✏ ✝✄❤ ❤☛❤☞ ✆✞❤✄ ✆✞❤ ✝✆✞❤✡☞ 33
 ❛ ✁ ✂✄☎✆☎ ✁☎✁ ✆✝ ✞☎ ✟❛✠✠✡ ☛ ❛☞✠☎☎✂✌ ✍✆✡✠✠ ✆✎☎✏ ✆✝✝✑
✝ ✝✆✡♥☎ ✝✟ ✎✡✒✌ ✓☎ ☞❛✔ ✎✡☞ ✆✔✝ ✞✄✝✆✎☎✄☞ ❛ ✁ ✎✡☞
☞✡☞✆☎✄ ✠✏✡ ☛ ✝ ✆✎☎ ✂✠❛✆☎❛s ✁✝✕✡ ☛ ✔✡✆✎ ✆✎☎✡✄ ✎☎❛✁☞
☞s ✑ ✡ ✆✝ ✆✎☎✡✄ ☎♥✑☞✌ ✓✡☞ ✟❛✆✎☎✄ ✔❛☞ ✂✄☎☎ ✡ ☛ ✆✎☎ preening
✟☎❛✆✎☎✄☞ ✝ ✎✡☞ ✔✎✡✆☎ ✞❛♥✑✌ ❢ ✠✏ ✎✡☞ ✒✝✆✎☎✄ ✔❛☞ making an effort to
✠✝✝✑✡ ☛ ❛✆ ✎✡✒✌ ✍✎☎ ✔❛☞ ☞✆❛ ✁✡ ☛ ✝ ❛ ✠✡✆✆✠☎ ✎✡☛✎ maintain feathers

✎s✒✂ ✝ ✆✎☎ ✂✠❛✆☎❛s❤ ✎☎✄ ✔✎✡✆☎ ✞✄☎❛☞✆ ✆✎✄s☞✆

✟✝✄✔❛✄✁✌ ✖✝✔ ❛ ✁ ❛☛❛✡ ❤ ☞✎☎ ✆✝✄☎ ❛✆ ❛ ✂✡☎♥☎ ✝✟ ✟✡☞✎
✆✎❛✆ ✠❛✏ ❛✆ ✎☎✄ ✟☎☎✆ ❛ ✁ ✆✎☎ ☞♥✄❛✂✂☎✁ ☎❛♥✎ ☞✡✁☎ ✝✟
✎☎✄ ✞☎❛✑ ✝ ✆✎☎ ✄✝♥✑✌ ✗✎☎ ☞✡☛✎✆ ✝✟ ✆✎☎ ✟✝✝✁ ✒❛✁✁☎ ☎✁
✎✡✒✌ ✓✝✔ ✎☎ ✠✝✘☎✁ ✆✝ ✆☎❛✄ ✟✝✝✁ ✆✎❛✆ ✔❛✏❤ ☞♥✄❛✂✂✡ ☛
✎✡☞ ✞☎❛✑ ✝✔ ❛ ✁ ❛☛❛✡ ✆✝ ✔✎☎✆ ✡✆✌ (to) whet
➇✙❛❤ ☛❛❤ ☛❛❤✚ ✎☎ ♥✄✡☎✁ ✞☎☛☛✡ ☛ ✎☎✄ ✆✝ ✞✄✡ ☛ ✎✡✒ to sharpen
☞✝✒☎ ✟✝✝✁✌ ➇✙❛✔✛♥✝✠✛❛✎❤✚ ☞✎☎ ☞♥✄☎❛✒☎✁ ✞❛♥✑
✁☎✄✡☞✡✘☎✠✏✌ ❞s✆ ✎☎ ✑☎✂✆ ♥❛✠✠✡ ☛ ✂✠❛✡ ✆✡✘☎✠✏❤ ❛ ✁ derisively
❛✟✆☎✄ ❛ ✒✡ s✆☎ ✝✄ ☞✝ ✎☎ s✆✆☎✄☎✁ ❛ ✜✝✏✟s✠ ☞♥✄☎❛✒✌ in a manner
✓✡☞ ✒✝✆✎☎✄ ✎❛✁ ✂✡♥✑☎✁ s✂ ❛ ✂✡☎♥☎ ✝✟ ✆✎☎ ✟✡☞✎ ❛ ✁ showing someone
that she/he is stupid
✔❛☞ ✟✠✏✡ ☛ ❛♥✄✝☞☞ ✆✝ ✎✡✒ ✔✡✆✎ ✡✆✌ ✓☎ ✠☎❛ ☎✁ ✝s✆

34
❡ ✁❡✂✄☎✆ ✝ ✞✞✟✠✁ ✝✡❡ ✂r☛☞ ✌✟✝✡ ✡✟✍ ✎❡❡✝✆ ✝✂☎✟✠✁ ✝r
✁❡✝ ✠❡ ✂❡✂ ✝r ✡❡✂ ✍ ✍✡❡ ✎✄❡✌ ☛✂r✍✍❣ ✏✑✝ ✌✡❡✠
✍✡❡ ✌ ✍ s✑✍✝ r✞✞r✍✟✝❡ ✝r ✡✟✒✆ ✍✡❡ ✡ ✄✝❡✓✆ ✡❡✂
✌✟✠✁✍ ✒r✝✟r✠✄❡✍✍✆ ✝✡❡ ✞✟❡☛❡ r✎ ✎✟✍✡ ✟✠ ✡❡✂ ✇❡ ☞
✄✒r✍✝ ✌✟✝✡✟✠ ✂❡ ☛✡ r✎ ✡✟✍ ✇❡ ☞❣ ❛❡ ✌ ✟✝❡✓
✒r✒❡✠✝ ✟✠ ✍✑✂✞✂✟✍❡✆ ✌r✠✓❡✂✟✠✁ ✌✡☎ ✍✡❡ ✓✟✓ ✠r✝
☛r✒❡ ✠❡ ✂❡✂✆ ✠✓ ✝✡❡✠✆ ✒ ✓✓❡✠❡✓ ✇☎ ✡✑✠✁❡✂✆ ✡❡
✓✟❞❡✓ ✝ ✝✡❡ ✎✟✍✡❣ ✔✟✝✡ ✄r✑✓ ✍☛✂❡ ✒ ✡❡ ✎❡✄✄
r✑✝✌ ✂✓✍ ✠✓ ✓r✌✠✌ ✂✓✍ ✟✠✝r ✍✞ ☛❡❣ ♦✡❡✠
✒r✠✍✝✂r✑✍ ✝❡✂✂r✂ ✍❡✟♠❡✓ ✡✟✒ ✠✓ ✡✟✍ ✡❡ ✂✝ ✍✝rr✓
✍✝✟✄✄❣ ❛❡ ☛r✑✄✓ ✡❡ ✂ ✠r✝✡✟✠✁❣ ✏✑✝ ✟✝ r✠✄☎ ✄ ✍✝❡✓
✒✟✠✑✝❡❣ ♦✡❡ ✠❡✕✝ ✒r✒❡✠✝ ✡❡ ✎❡✄✝ ✡✟✍ ✌✟✠✁✍ ✍✞✂❡ ✓
r✑✝✌ ✂✓✍❣ ♦✡❡ ✌✟✠✓ ✂✑✍✡❡✓ ✁ ✟✠✍✝ ✡✟✍ ✇✂❡ ✍✝
✎❡ ✝✡❡✂✍✆ ✝✡❡✠ ✑✠✓❡✂ ✡✟✍ ✍✝r✒ ☛✡✆ ✠✓ ✁ ✟✠✍✝ ✡✟✍
✌✟✠✁✍❣ ❛❡ ☛r✑✄✓ ✎❡❡✄ ✝✡❡ ✝✟✞✍ r✎ ✡✟✍ ✌✟✠✁✍ ☛✑✝✝✟✠✁
✝✡✂r✑✁✡ ✝✡❡ ✟✂❣ ❛❡ ✌ ✍ ✠r✝ ✎ ✄✄✟✠✁ ✡❡ ✓✄r✠✁ ✠r✌❣
❛❡ ✌ ✍ ✍r ✂✟✠✁ ✁✂ ✓✑ ✄✄☎ ✓r✌✠✌ ✂✓✍ ✠✓ r✑✝✌ ✂✓✍❣
❛❡ ✌ ✍ ✠r ✄r✠✁❡✂ ✎✂ ✟✓❣ ❛❡ s✑✍✝ ✎❡✄✝ ✇✟✝ ✓✟♠♠☎❣ dizzy
♦✡❡✠ ✡❡ ✎✄ ✞✞❡✓ ✡✟✍ ✌✟✠✁✍ r✠☛❡ ✠✓ ✡❡ ✍r ✂❡✓ an uncomfortable
✑✞✌ ✂✓✍❣ ✉✖ ✆ ✁ ✆ ✁ ✆ ✖ ✆ ✁ ✆ ✁ ✆ ✖ ✌✗☛r✄✗ ✡✆✘ ✡✟✍ feeling of spinning
around and losing
✒r✝✡❡✂ ✍✌rr✞❡✓ ✞ ✍✝ ✡✟✒✆ ✡❡✂ ✌✟✠✁✍ ✒ ☞✟✠✁ one’s balance 35
✄r✑✓ ✠r✟✍❡❣ ❛❡ ✠✍✌❡✂❡✓ ✡❡✂ ✌✟✝✡ ✠r✝✡❡✂ ✍☛✂❡ ✒❣
♦✡❡✠ ✡✟✍ ✎ ✝✡❡✂ ✎✄❡✌ r❞❡✂ ✡✟✒ ✍☛✂❡ ✒✟✠✁❣ ❛❡ ✍ ✌
✡✟✍ ✝✌r ✇✂r✝✡❡✂✍ ✠✓ ✡✟✍ ✍✟✍✝❡✂ ✎✄☎✟✠✁ ✂r✑✠✓ ✡✟✒
☛✑✂❞❡✝✟✠✁ ✠✓ ✇ ✠☞✟✠✁ ✠✓ ✍r ✂✟✠✁ ✠✓ ✓✟❞✟✠✁❣ curveting
♦✡❡✠ ✡❡ ☛r✒✞✄❡✝❡✄☎ ✎r✂✁r✝ ✝✡ ✝ ✡❡ ✡ ✓ ✠r✝ ✄✌ ☎✍ leaping like a horse
✇❡❡✠ ✇✄❡ ✝r ✎✄☎✆ ✠✓ ☛r✒✒❡✠✓❡✓ ✡✟✒✍❡✄✎ ✝r ✓✟❞❡ banking
✠✓ ✍r ✂ ✠✓ ☛✑✂❞❡✆ ✍✡✂✟❡☞✟✠✁ ✍✡✂✟✄✄☎❣ flying with one wing
higher than the other
❛❡ ✌ ✍ ✠❡ ✂ ✝✡❡ ✍❡ ✠r✌✆ ✎✄☎✟✠✁ ✍✝✂ ✟✁✡✝ r❞❡✂
✟✝✆ ✎ ☛✟✠✁ ✍✝✂ ✟✁✡✝ r✑✝ r❞❡✂ ✝✡❡ r☛❡ ✠❣ ❛❡ ✍ ✌
❞ ✍✝ ✁✂❡❡✠ ✍❡ ✇❡✠❡ ✝✡ ✡✟✒✆ ✌✟✝✡ ✄✟✝✝✄❡ ✂✟✓✁❡✍
✒r❞✟✠✁ r❞❡✂ ✟✝ ✠✓ ✡❡ ✝✑✂✠❡✓ ✡✟✍ ✇❡ ☞ ✍✟✓❡✌ ☎✍
✠✓ ☛ ✌❡✓ ✒✑✍❡✓✄☎❣
❛✟✍ ✞ ✂❡✠✝✍ ✠✓ ✡✟✍ ✇✂r✝✡❡✂✍ ✠✓ ✍✟✍✝❡✂ ✡ ✓
✄ ✠✓❡✓ r✠ ✝✡✟✍ ✁✂❡❡✠ ✎✄rr✂✟✠✁ ✡❡ ✓ r✎ ✡✟✒❣ ♦✡❡☎
✌❡✂❡ ✇❡☛☞r✠✟✠✁ ✝r ✡✟✒✆ ☛ ✄✄✟✠✁ ✍✡✂✟✄✄☎❣ ❛❡ ✓✂r✞✞❡✓
✡✟✍ ✄❡✁✍ ✝r ✍✝ ✠✓ r✠ ✝✡❡ ✁✂❡❡✠ ✍❡ ❣ ❛✟✍ ✄❡✁✍ ✍ ✠☞
✟✠✝r ✟✝❣ ❛❡ ✍☛✂❡ ✒❡✓ ✌✟✝✡ ✎✂✟✁✡✝ ✠✓ ✝✝❡✒✞✝❡✓ ✝r
✂✟✍❡ ✁ ✟✠ ✎✄ ✞✞✟✠✁ ✡✟✍ ✌✟✠✁✍❣ ✏✑✝ ✡❡ ✌ ✍ ✝✟✂❡✓ ✠✓
✌❡ ☞ ✌✟✝✡ ✡✑✠✁❡✂ ✠✓ ✡❡ ☛r✑✄✓ ✠r✝ ✂✟✍❡✆ ❡✕✡ ✑✍✝❡✓
 ❜✤ ✥✦✧ ★✥✩✪✫✬✧ ✧✭✧✩✮✯★✧✰ ✱✯★ ✲✧✧✥ ★✪✫✴ ✯✫✥✵ ✥✦✧ ✬✩✧✧✫
★✧✪s ✪✫✻ ✥✦✧✫ ✦✯★ ❜✧✼✼✤ ✥✵✽✮✦✧✻ ✯✥ ✪✫✻ ✦✧ ★✪✫✴ ✫✵
✲✪✩✥✦✧✩✰ ✱✧ ✾✪★ ✲✼✵✪✥✯✫✬ ✵✫ ✯✥s ✪✫✻ ✪✩✵✽✫✻ ✦✯♦ ✦✯★
✲✪♦✯✼✤ ✾✪★ ★✮✩✧✪♦✯✫✬s ❢✩✪✯★✯✫✬ ✦✯♦ ✪✫✻ ✥✦✧✯✩ ❜✧✪✴★
✾✧✩✧ ✵✲✲✧✩✯✫✬ ✦✯♦ ★✮✩✪❢★ ✵✲ ✻✵✬✇✲✯★✦✰
✱✧ ✦✪✻ ♦✪✻✧ ✦✯★ ✲✯✩★✥ ✲✼✯✬✦✥✰

✶✳ ❲ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✁✞✟✠✡ ☎✝✄✡✟☛☛ ✄☞✌✄✍✎ ✆✞ ☞☛✁✏ ✑✞ ✁✞✟ ✆ ✍✠✒ ✄☛☛ ✁✞✟✠✡ ✓✍✌✎☎ ✄✌✝
✄☞✌✄✍✎ ✆✞ ❛✄✒✝ ✆ ✝✍✌ ☞✍✌☎✆ ☞☛✍✡ ✆✔ ✞✌ ✄✌✝ ☎✞❛✝ ✓✍✌✎☎ ❛✞✌✝ ✆✍❛✍✎ ✆ ✄✠ ✞✆ ✝✌☎✏
✑✞ ✁✞✟ ✆ ✍✠✒ ✄ ✟❛✄✠ ✓✄✓✁ ✄☛☎✞ ☞✍✠✎☎ ✍✆ ✄ ❉ ✄☛☛✝✠✡✝ ✆✞ ✆✄✒✝ ✍✆☎ ☞✍✌☎✆ ☎✆✝✕☎✏
✷✳ ➇✖ ✝ ☎✍✡ ✆ ✞☞ ✆ ✝ ☞✞✞✎ ❛✄✎✎✝✠✝✎ ✍❛✳✗ ❲ ✄✆ ✎✞✝☎ ✆ ✍☎ ☎✟✡✡✝☎✆✏ ❲ ✄✆
❉✞❛✕✝☛☛✝✎ ✆ ✝ ✁✞✟✠✡ ☎✝✄✡✟☛☛ ✆✞ ☞✍✠✄☛☛✁ ☞☛✁✏
✸✳ ➇✖ ✝✁ ✂✝✌✝ ✓✝❉✒✞✠✍✠✡ ✆✞ ✍❛✔ ❉✄☛☛✍✠✡ ☎ ✌✍☛☛✁✳✗ ❲ ✁ ✎✍✎ ✆ ✝ ☎✝✄✡✟☛☛✘☎ ☞✄✆ ✝✌
✄✠✎ ❛✞✆ ✝✌ ✆ ✌✝✄✆✝✠ ✍❛ ✄✠✎ ❉✄✙✞☛✝ ✍❛ ✆✞ ☞☛✁✏
✹✳ ❍✄✚✝ ✁✞✟ ✝✚✝✌ ✄✎ ✄ ☎✍❛✍☛✄✌ ✝✛✕✝✌✍✝✠❉✝✔ ✂ ✝✌✝ ✁✞✟✌ ✕✄✌✝✠✆☎ ✝✠❉✞✟✌✄✡✝✎
✁✞✟ ✆✞ ✎✞ ☎✞❛✝✆ ✍✠✡ ✆ ✄✆ ✁✞✟ ✂✝✌✝ ✆✞✞ ☎❉✄✌✝✎ ✆✞ ✆✌✁✏ ✑✍☎❉✟☎☎ ✆ ✍☎ ✍✠ ✕✄✍✌☎
✞✌ ✡✌✞✟✕☎✳
✺✳ ■✠ ✆ ✝ ❉✄☎✝ ✞☞ ✄ ✓✍✌✎ ☞☛✁✍✠✡✔ ✍✆ ☎✝✝❛☎ ✄ ✠✄✆✟✌✄☛ ✄❉✆✔ ✄✠✎ ✄ ☞✞✌✝✡✞✠✝ ❉✞✠❉☛✟☎✍✞✠
✆ ✄✆ ✍✆ ☎ ✞✟☛✎ ☎✟❉❉✝✝✎✳ ■✠ ✆ ✝ ✝✛✄❛✕☛✝☎ ✁✞✟ ✄✚✝ ✡✍✚✝✠ ✍✠ ✄✠☎✂✝✌ ✆✞ ✆ ✝
36 ✕✌✝✚✍✞✟☎ ♣✟✝☎✆✍✞✠✔ ✂✄☎ ✁✞✟✌ ☎✟❉❉✝☎☎ ✡✟✄✌✄✠✆✝✝✎✔ ✞✌ ✂✄☎ ✍✆ ✍❛✕✞✌✆✄✠✆ ☞✞✌
✁✞✟ ✆✞ ✆✌✁✔ ✌✝✡✄✌✎☛✝☎☎ ✞☞ ✄ ✕✞☎☎✍✓✍☛✍✆✁ ✞☞ ☞✄✍☛✟✌✝✏

❲✝ ✄✚✝ ✙✟☎✆ ✌✝✄✎ ✄✓✞✟✆ ✆ ✝ ☞✍✌☎✆ ☞☛✍✡ ✆ ✞☞ ✄ ✁✞✟✠✡ ☎✝✄✡✟☛☛✳ ❡✞✟✌ ✆✝✄❉ ✝✌ ✂✍☛☛
✠✞✂ ✎✍✚✍✎✝ ✆ ✝ ❉☛✄☎☎ ✍✠✆✞ ✡✌✞✟✕☎✳ ♥✄❉ ✡✌✞✟✕ ✂✍☛☛ ✂✞✌✒ ✞✠ ✞✠✝ ✞☞ ✆ ✝ ☞✞☛☛✞✂✍✠✡
✆✞✕✍❉☎✳ t✌✝✕✄✌✝ ✄ ✕✌✝☎✝✠✆✄✆✍✞✠ ✂✍✆ ✁✞✟✌ ✡✌✞✟✕ ❛✝❛✓✝✌☎ ✄✠✎ ✆ ✝✠ ✕✌✝☎✝✠✆ ✍✆
✆✞ ✆ ✝ ✝✠✆✍✌✝ ❉☛✄☎☎✳
⑩ t✌✞✡✌✝☎☎✍✞✠ ✞☞ P✞✎✝☛☎ ✞☞ ✜✍✌✕☛✄✠✝☎
⑩ t✌✞✡✌✝☎☎✍✞✠ ✞☞ P✞✎✝☛☎ ✞☞ P✞✆✞✌❉✄✌☎
⑩ ❇✍✌✎☎ ✄✠✎ ✖ ✝✍✌ ❲✍✠✡ ✢✕✄✠
⑩ P✍✡✌✄✆✞✌✁ ❇✍✌✎☎ ▼ ✖✌✄❉✍✠✡ ✖ ✝✍✌ ✣☛✍✡ ✆☎

❲✌✍✆✝ ✄ ☎ ✞✌✆ ❉✞❛✕✞☎✍✆✍✞✠ ✞✠ ✁✞✟✌ ✍✠✍✆✍✄☛ ✄✆✆✝❛✕✆☎ ✄✆ ☛✝✄✌✠✍✠✡ ✄ ☎✒✍☛☛✳ ❡✞✟ ❉✞✟☛✎
✎✝☎❉✌✍✓✝ ✆ ✝ ❉ ✄☛☛✝✠✡✝☎ ✞☞ ☛✝✄✌✠✍✠✡ ✆✞ ✌✍✎✝ ✄ ✓✍❉✁❉☛✝ ✞✌ ☛✝✄✌✠✍✠✡ ✆✞ ☎✂✍❛✳ P✄✒✝ ✍✆
✄☎ ✟❛✞✌✞✟☎ ✄☎ ✕✞☎☎✍✓☛✝✳
 ■■
❚ ✁ ✂✄☎✆✝ ✞✁✟✠✡✄☎☛✁
☞❍✌ ✥✍✍✎ ✏✑✒ ✓✍✥✔✎✕ ✖✗ ✔✎ ✘✙✚ ✚✑✒✘✛ ✜✚✙✔✎✢ ✥✚✛
✑✎✢ ✒✘✑❛✒ ✏✚❛✚ ✒✙✔✎✔✎✕ ✔✎ ✘✙✚ ✓✣✚✑❛ ✒✤✦ ✑✜✍✧✚ ✥✚★
☞✙✚❛✚ ✏✑✒✎✩✘ ✑ ✓✣✍✖✢ ✔✎ ✘✙✚ ✒✤✦★ ✪ ✏✑✒ ✙✑✗✗✦ ✘✍ ✜✚
✑✣✍✎✚ ✙✔✕✙ ✖✗ ✑✜✍✧✚ ✘✙✚ ✒✣✚✚✗✔✎✕ ✓✍✖✎✘❛✦✒✔✢✚★ ✪ ✏✑✒
❢✣✦✔✎✕ ✥✦ ✍✣✢ ✫✑✤✍✘✑ ✑✚❛✍✗✣✑✎✚ ✍✧✚❛ ✬❛✑✎✓✚ ✜✑✓✤ ✘✍
❊✎✕✣✑✎✢★ ✪ ✏✑✒ ✢❛✚✑✥✔✎✕ ✍❢ ✥✦ ✙✍✣✔✢✑✦ ✑✎✢ ✣✍✍✤✔✎✕
❢✍❛✏✑❛✢ ✘✍ ✜✚✔✎✕ ✏✔✘✙ ✥✦ ❢✑✥✔✣✦★ ✪ ✣✍✍✤✚✢ ✑✘ ✥✦
✏✑✘✓✙✇ ✍✎✚ ✘✙✔❛✘✦ ✔✎ ✘✙✚ ✥✍❛✎✔✎✕★
➅✪ ✒✙✍✖✣✢ ✓✑✣✣ ✭✑❛✔✒ ✮✍✎✘❛✍✣ ✒✍✍✎✛✩ ✪ ✘✙✍✖✕✙✘★ ✯✒ ✪
✣✍✍✤✚✢ ✢✍✏✎ ✗✑✒✘ ✘✙✚ ✎✍✒✚ ✍❢ ✘✙✚ ✑✚❛✍✗✣✑✎✚✛ ✪ ✒✑✏
✘✙✚ ✣✔✕✙✘✒ ✍❢ ✑ ✜✔✕ ✓✔✘✦ ✔✎ ❢❛✍✎✘ ✍❢ ✥✚★ ✪ ✒✏✔✘✓✙✚✢ ✍✎
✘✙✚ ❛✑✢✔✍ ✑✎✢ ✒✑✔✢✛ t✭✑❛✔✒ ✮✍✎✘❛✍✣✛ ✫✑✤✍✘✑ ✫✰ ✱✲✲
✙✚❛✚★ ✮✑✎ ✦✍✖ ✙✚✑❛ ✥✚❤ ✪✩✥ ✍✎ ✥✦ ✏✑✦ ✘✍ ❊✎✕✣✑✎✢★
❖✧✚❛★✳
☞✙✚ ✧✍✔✓✚ ❢❛✍✥ ✘✙✚ ❛✑✢✔✍ ✑✎✒✏✚❛✚✢ ✥✚ ✔✥✥✚✢✔✑✘✚✣✦✇
t✫✰ ✱✲✲✛ ✪ ✓✑✎ ✙✚✑❛ ✦✍✖★ ➇✍✖ ✍✖✕✙✘ ✘✍ ✘✖❛✎ ✘✏✚✣✧✚
✢✚✕❛✚✚✒ ✏✚✒✘ ✎✍✏✛ ✫✰ ✱✲✲★ ❖✧✚❛★✳
✪ ✓✙✚✓✤✚✢ ✘✙✚ ✥✑✗ ✑✎✢ ✘✙✚ ✓✍✥✗✑✒✒✛ ✒✏✔✘✓✙✚✢
37

✍✧✚❛ ✘✍ ✥✦ ✒✚✓✍✎✢ ✑✎✢ ✣✑✒✘ ❢✖✚✣ ✘✑✎✤✛ ✑✎✢ ✘✖❛✎✚✢

✘✙✚ ✫✑✤✍✘✑ ✘✏✚✣✧✚ ✢✚✕❛✚✚✒ ✏✚✒✘ ✘✍✏✑❛✢✒ ❊✎✕✣✑✎✢★
➅✪✩✣✣ ✜✚ ✔✎ ✘✔✥✚ ❢✍❛ ✜❛✚✑✤❢✑✒✘✛✩ ✪ ✘✙✍✖✕✙✘★ ✯ ✕✍✍✢
✜✔✕ ❊✎✕✣✔✒✙ ✜❛✚✑✤❢✑✒✘❜ ❊✧✚❛✦✘✙✔✎✕ ✏✑✒ ✕✍✔✎✕ ✏✚✣✣ ✴
✔✘ ✏✑✒ ✑✎ ✚✑✒✦ ❢✣✔✕✙✘★
✭✑❛✔✒ ✏✑✒ ✑✜✍✖✘ P✵✱ ✤✔✣✍✥✚✘❛✚✒ ✜✚✙✔✎✢ ✥✚ ✏✙✚✎
✪ ✒✑✏ ✘✙✚ ✓✣✍✖✢✒★ ✰✘✍❛✥ ✓✣✍✖✢✒★ ☞✙✚✦ ✏✚❛✚ ✙✖✕✚★
☞✙✚✦ ✣✍✍✤✚✢ ✣✔✤✚ ✜✣✑✓✤ ✥✍✖✎✘✑✔✎✒ ✒✘✑✎✢✔✎✕ ✔✎ ❢❛✍✎✘
✍❢ ✥✚ ✑✓❛✍✒✒ ✘✙✚ ✒✤✦★ ✪ ✤✎✚✏ ✪ ✓✍✖✣✢ ✎✍✘ ❢✣✦ ✖✗ ✑✎✢
✍✧✚❛ ✘✙✚✥✛ ✑✎✢ ✪ ✢✔✢ ✎✍✘ ✙✑✧✚ ✚✎✍✖✕✙ ❢✖✚✣ ✘✍ ❢✣✦
✑❛✍✖✎✢ ✘✙✚✥ ✘✍ ✘✙✚ ✎✍❛✘✙ ✍❛ ✒✍✖✘✙★
t✪ ✍✖✕✙✘ ✘✍ ✕✍ ✜✑✓✤ ✘✍ ✭✑❛✔✒✛✳ ✪ ✘✙✍✖✕✙✘✛ ✜✖✘ ✪
✏✑✎✘✚✢ ✘✍ ✕✚✘ ✙✍✥✚★ ✪ ✏✑✎✘✚✢ ✘✙✑✘ ✜❛✚✑✤❢✑✒✘★
➅✪✩✣✣ ✘✑✤✚ ✘✙✚ ❛✔✒✤✛✩ ✪ ✘✙✍✖✕✙✘✛ ✑✎✢ ❢✣✚✏ ✘✙✑✘ ✍✣✢
✫✑✤✍✘✑ ✒✘❛✑✔✕✙✘ ✔✎✘✍ ✘✙✚ ✒✘✍❛✥★
✪✎✒✔✢✚ ✘✙✚ ✓✣✍✖✢✒✛ ✚✧✚❛✦✘✙✔✎✕ ✏✑✒ ✒✖✢✢✚✎✣✦ ✜✣✑✓✤★
✪✘ ✏✑✒ ✔✥✗✍✒✒✔✜✣✚ ✘✍ ✒✚✚ ✑✎✦✘✙✔✎✕ ✍✖✘✒✔✢✚ ✘✙✚
✑✚❛✍✗✣✑✎✚★ ☞✙✚ ✍✣✢ ✑✚❛✍✗✣✑✎✚ ✶✖✥✗✚✢ ✑✎✢ ✘✏✔✒✘✚✢
✔✎ ✘✙✚ ✑✔❛★ ✪ ✣✍✍✤✚✢ ✑✘ ✘✙✚ ✓✍✥✗✑✒✒★ ✪ ✓✍✖✣✢✎✩✘ ✜✚✣✔✚✧✚
 ♠ ✁ ✁✂✄ ☎✆✁ ✝✞♠✟✠✂✂ ✡✠✂ ☎☛☞✌✍✌✎ ☞✞☛✌✏ ✠✌✏ ☞✞☛✌✏
✠✌✏ ☞✞☛✌✏❛ ✑☎ ✡✠✂ ✏✁✠✏❛ ✑☎ ✡✞☛✒✏ ✌✞☎ ✡✞☞✓✔ ✕✆✁
✞☎✆✁☞ ✍✌✂☎☞☛♠✁✌☎✂ ✡✁☞✁ ✂☛✏✏✁✌✒ ✏✁✠✏♦ ☎✞✞❛ ✑ ☎☞✍✁✏
38 ☎✆✁ ☞✠✏✍✞❛
➇✖✠☞✍✂ ✗✞✌☎☞✞✒✘ ✖✠☞✍✂ ✗✞✌☎☞✞✒✘ ✗✠✌ ✞☛ ✆✁✠☞ ♠✁✘✙
✕✆✁☞✁ ✡✠✂ ✌✞ ✠✌✂✡✁☞❛ ✕✆✁ ☞✠✏✍✞ ✡✠✂ ✏✁✠✏ ☎✞✞❛ ✑
✆✠✏ ✌✞ ☞✠✏✍✞♦ ✌✞ ✝✞♠✟✠✂✂♦ ✠✌✏ ✑ ✝✞☛✒✏ ✌✞☎ ✂✁✁ ✡✆✁☞✁
✑ ✡✠✂❛ ✑ ✡✠✂ ✒✞✂☎ ✍✌ ☎✆✁ ✂☎✞☞♠❛ ✕✆✁✌♦ ✍✌ ☎✆✁ ■✒✠✝✓
✝✒✞☛✏✂ ❝☛✍☎✁ ✌✁✠☞ ♠✁♦ ✑ ✂✠✡ ✠✌✞☎✆✁☞ ✠✁☞✞✟✒✠✌✁❛ ✑☎
✆✠✏ ✌✞ ✒✍✎✆☎✂ ✞✌ ✍☎✂ ✡✍✌✎✂♦ ■☛☎ ✑ ✝✞☛✒✏ ✂✁✁ ✍☎ ❤✒ ✍✌✎
✌✁♥☎ ☎✞ ♠✁ ☎✆☞✞☛✎✆ ☎✆✁ ✂☎✞☞♠❛ ✑ ✝✞☛✒✏ ✂✁✁ ☎✆✁ ✟✍✒✞☎✚✂
❤✠✝✁ ❢ ☎☛☞✌✁✏ ☎✞✡✠☞✏✂ ♠✁❛ ✑ ✡✠✂ ✛✁☞ ✎✒✠✏ ☎✞ ✂✁✁
✠✌✞☎✆✁☞ ✟✁☞✂✞✌❛ ✜✁ ✒✍❤☎✁✏ ✞✌✁ ✆✠✌✏ ✠✌✏ ✡✠✛✁✏❛
➇✢✞✒✒✞✡ ♠✁♦✙ ✆✁ ✡✠✂ ✂✠ ✍✌✎❛ ➇✢✞✒✒✞✡ ♠✁❛✙
➅✜✁ ✓✌✞✡✂ ☎✆✠☎ ✑ ✠♠ ✒✞✂☎♦✚ ✑ ☎✆✞☛✎✆☎❛ ➅✜✁✚✂ ☎☞ ✍✌✎
☎✞ ✆✁✒✟ ♠✁❛✚
✜✁ ☎☛☞✌✁✏ ✆✍✂ ✠✁☞✞✟✒✠✌✁ ✂✒✞✡✒ ☎✞ ☎✆✁ ✌✞☞☎✆♦ ✍✌
❤☞✞✌☎ ✞❤ ♠ ✣✠✓✞☎✠♦ ✂✞ ☎✆✠☎ ✍☎ ✡✞☛✒✏ ■✁ ✁✠✂✍✁☞ ❤✞☞
♠✁ ☎✞ ❤✞✒✒✞✡ ✆✍♠❛ ✑ ✡✠✂ ✛✁☞ ✆✠✟✟ ☎✞ ✎✞ ■✁✆✍✌✏ ☎✆✁
✂☎☞✠✌✎✁ ✠✁☞✞✟✒✠✌✁ ✒✍✓✁ ✠✌ ✞■✁✏✍✁✌☎ ✝✆✍✒✏❛
❆❤☎✁☞ ✆✠✒❤ ✠✌ ✆✞☛☞ ☎✆✁ ✂☎☞✠✌✎✁ ■✒✠✝✓ ✠✁☞✞✟✒✠✌✁
✡✠✂ ✂☎✍✒✒ ☎✆✁☞✁ ✍✌ ❤☞✞✌☎ ✞❤ ♠✁ ✍✌ ☎✆✁ ✝✒✞☛✏✂❛ ✇✞✡
t ✁✂✁ ✄☎✆ ✝✞✟✠ ✁✞✝✡☛ ☞✡✁✟ ✌✞ t ✁ ✝✟✍ ✎☎✏✝t☎✑✆ ✟☎✆t
t☎✞✏ t✝ ☞✟✠ ☞✝✂ ☞✌✒✁ ✝✂ t✁✞ ✓✌✞✡t✁✆ ✓✝✂✁✔ ✕ ✄☎✆
✆t☎✂t✌✞☛ t✝ ☞✁✁✟ ☞✂✌☛ t✁✞✁✍ ☎☛☎✌✞✔ s✡t t ✁✞ ✁ ✆t☎✂t✁✍ 39
t✝ ☛✝ ✍✝✄✞ ☎✞✍ ✕ ☞✝✟✟✝✄✁✍ t ✂✝✡☛ t ✁ ✆t✝✂✓✔
❙✡✍✍✁✞✟✠ ✕ ✖☎✓✁ ✝✡t ✝☞ t ✁ ✖✟✝✡✍✆ ☎✞✍ ✆☎✄ t✄✝
✟✝✞☛ ✆t✂☎✌☛ t ✟✌✞✁✆ ✝☞ ✟✌☛ t✆ ✌✞ ☞✂✝✞t ✝☞ ✓✁✔ ✕t ✄☎✆ ☎
✂✡✞✄☎✠r ✗✞ ☎✌✂✘✝✂tr ✕ ✄☎✆ ✆☎☞✁r ✕ t✡✂✞✁✍ t✝ ✟✝✝✏ ☞✝✂
✓✠ ☞✂✌✁✞✍ ✌✞ t ✁ ♠✟☎✖✏ ☎✁✂✝✘✟☎✞✁✙ ♠✡t t ✁ ✆✏✠ ✄☎✆
✁✓✘t✠✔ ❡ ✁✂✁ ✄☎✆ ✞✝t ✌✞☛ t ✁✂✁✔ ❡ ✁ ♠✟☎✖✏
☎✁✂✝✘✟☎✞✁ ✄☎✆ ☛✝✞✁✔ ✕ ✖✝✡✟✍ ✞✝t ✆✁✁ ✌t ☎✞✠✄ ✁✂✁✔
✕ ✟☎✞✍✁✍ ☎✞✍ ✄☎✆ ✞✝t ✆✝✂✂✠ t✝ ✄☎✟✏ ☎✄☎✠ ☞✂✝✓ t ✁
✝✟✍ ✎☎✏✝t☎ ✞✁☎✂ t ✁ ✖✝✞t✂✝✟ t✝✄✁✂✔ ✕ ✄✁✞t ☎✞✍ ☎✆✏✁✍
☎ ✄✝✓☎✞ ✌✞ t ✁ ✖✝✞t✂✝✟ ✖✁✞t✂✁ ✄ ✁✂✁ ✕ ✄☎✆ ☎✞✍ ✄ ✝
t ✁ ✝t ✁✂ ✘✌✟✝t ✄☎✆✔ ✕ ✄☎✞t✁✍ t✝ ✆☎✠ ✚❡ ☎✞✏ ✠✝✡✑✔
❙ ✁ ✟✝✝✏✁✍ ☎t ✓✁ ✒✁✂✠ ✆t✂☎✞☛✁✟✠✙ ☎✞✍ t ✁✞
✟☎✡☛ ✁✍✔
➇✗✞✝t ✁✂ ☎✁✂✝✘✟☎✞✁✛ ✜✘ t ✁✂✁ ✌✞ t ✌✆ ✆t✝✂✓✛ ✢✝
✝t ✁✂ ☎✁✂✝✘✟☎✞✁✆ ✄✁✂✁ ☞✟✠✌✞☛ t✝✞✌☛ t✔ ✣✝✡✂✆ ✄☎✆ t ✁
✝✞✟✠ ✝✞✁ ✕ ✖✝✡✟✍ ✆✁✁ ✝✞ t ✁ ✂☎✍☎✂✔✳
❙✝ ✄ ✝ ✁✟✘✁✍ ✓✁ t✝ ☎✂✂✌✒✁ t ✁✂✁ ✆☎☞✁✟✠ ✄✌t ✝✡t
☎ ✖✝✓✘☎✆✆ ✝✂ ☎ ✂☎✍✌✝✙ ☎✞✍ ✄✌t ✝✡t ☎✞✠ ✓✝✂✁ ☞✡✁✟ ✌✞
✓✠ t☎✞✏✆✛ ✤ ✝ ✄☎✆ t ✁ ✘✌✟✝t ✝✞ t ✁ ✆t✂☎✞☛✁ ♠✟☎✖✏
☎✁✂✝✘✟☎✞✁✙ ☞✟✠✌✞☛ ✌✞ t ✁ ✆t✝✂✓✙ ✄✌t ✝✡t ✟✌☛ t✆✛
 ✶✳ ➇ ✁✂✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✄✞✝ ✟✠✡✆✳☛ ☞✞☎✄ ✠✡ ✄✞✝ ✟✠✡✆✌ ☞✞✍ ✎✏✝✡ ✄✞✝ ✑☎✟✟☎✄✏✟ ✄☎✆✝ ✠✄✌

✷✳ ❉✝✡✒✟✠✓✝ ✄✞✝ ✑☎✟✟☎✄✏✟✁✡ ✝✔✕✝✟✠✝✑✒✝ ☎✡ ✞✝ ✖✂✝✗ ✄✞✝ ☎✝✟✏✕✂☎✑✝ ✠✑✄✏ ✄✞✝ ✡✄✏✟✘✳

✸✳ ☞✞✍ ✎✏✝✡ ✄✞✝ ✑☎✟✟☎✄✏✟ ✡☎✍❲ ➇ ✂☎✑✎✝✎ ☎✑✎ ✗☎✡ ✑✏✄ ✡✏✟✟✍ ✄✏ ✗☎✂✆ ☎✗☎✍ ✖✟✏✘
✄✞✝ ✏✂✎ ❉☎✆✏✄☎t☛✌

✹✳ ☞✞☎✄ ✘☎✎✝ ✄✞✝ ✗✏✘☎✑ ✠✑ ✄✞✝ ✒✏✑✄✟✏✂ ✒✝✑✄✟✝ ✂✏✏✆ ☎✄ ✄✞✝ ✑☎✟✟☎✄✏✟ ✡✄✟☎✑✙✝✂✍✌

✺✳ ☞✞✏ ✎✏ ✍✏✚ ✄✞✠✑✆ ✞✝✂✕✝✎ ✄✞✝ ✑☎✟✟☎✄✏✟ ✄✏ ✟✝☎✒✞ ✡☎✖✝✂✍✌ ❉✠✡✒✚✡✡ ✄✞✠✡ ☎✘✏✑✙
✍✏✚✟✡✝✂②✝✡ ☎✑✎ ✙✠②✝ ✟✝☎✡✏✑✡ ✖✏✟ ✍✏✚✟ ☎✑✡✗✝✟✳

✳ ❙✄✚✎✍ ✄✞✝ ✡✝✑✄✝✑✒✝✡ ✙✠②✝✑ ✓✝✂✏✗✳

✭☎✮ ❚✞✝✍ ✂✏✏✆✝✎ ✂✠✆✝ ✓✂☎✒✆ ✘✏✚✑✄☎✠✑✡✳

✭✓✮ ✑✡✠✎✝ ✄✞✝ ✒✂✏✚✎✡❲ ✝②✝✟✍✄✞✠✑✙ ✗☎✡ ✡✚✎✎✝✑✂✍ ✓✂☎✒✆✳

✭✒✮ ✑ ✄✞✝ ✓✂☎✒✆ ✒✂✏✚✎✡ ✑✝☎✟ ✘✝❲ ✡☎✗ ☎✑✏✄✞✝✟ ☎✝✟✏✕✂☎✑✝✳

✭✎✮ ❚✞✝ ✡✄✟☎✑✙✝ ✓✂☎✒✆ ☎✝✟✏✕✂☎✑✝ ✗☎✡ ✄✞✝✟✝✳

❚✞✝ ✗✏✟✎ ✛✓✂☎✒✆✁ ✠✑ ✡✝✑✄✝✑✒✝✡ ✭☎✮ ☎✑✎ ✭✒✮ ✟✝✖✝✟✡ ✄✏ ✄✞✝ ②✝✟✍ ✎☎✟✆✝✡✄ ✒✏✂✏✚✟✳
❇✚✄ ✠✑ ✭✓✮ ☎✑✎ ✭✎✮ ✭✞✝✟✝✮ ✠✄ ✘✝☎✑✡ ✗✠✄✞✏✚✄ ✂✠✙✞✄✜✗✠✄✞ ✑✏ ✂✠✙✞✄✳

✛❇✂☎✒✆✁ ✞☎✡ ☎ ②☎✟✠✝✄✍ ✏✖ ✘✝☎✑✠✑✙✡ ✠✑ ✎✠✖✖✝✟✝✑✄ ✒✏✑✄✝✔✄✡✳ ➅✏✟ ✝✔☎✘✕✂✝✢

✭☎✮ ✛ ✕✟✝✖✝✟ ❜✣✤✥✦ ✄✝☎✁ ✘✝☎✑✡ ✛ ✕✟✝✖✝✟ ✄✝☎ ✗✠✄✞✏✚✄ ✘✠✂✆✁✳

✭✓✮ ✛☞✠✄✞ ✠✑✒✟✝☎✡✠✑✙ ✕✏✂✂✚✄✠✏✑ ✄✞✝ ✖✚✄✚✟✝ ✏✖ ✄✞✝ ✗✏✟✂✎ ✠✡ ❜✣✤✥✦✁ ✘✝☎✑✡
40 ✛☞✠✄✞ ✠✑✒✟✝☎✡✠✑✙ ✕✏✂✂✚✄✠✏✑ ✄✞✝ ✖✚✄✚✟✝ ✏✖ ✄✞✝ ✗✏✟✂✎ ✠✡ ②✝✟✍ ✎✝✕✟✝✡✡✠✑✙✜
✗✠✄✞✏✚✄ ✞✏✕✝✁✳

◆✧★✩ ✪✫✬ ✪✧ ✯✰✱✲✲ ✪✴✱ ✵✱✻✼✽✼✯✲ ✧✾ ✪✴✱ ★✧✫✿ ❀❁❂✻❃❄❅ ✽✼ ✪✴✱ ✲✱✼✪✱✼❃✱✲
✯✽❣✱✼ ❁✱❂✧★❆ ❈✴✱❃❄ ✪✴✱ ✵✱✻✼✽✼✯✲ ✽✼ ✪✴✱ ✿✽❃✪✽✧✼✻✫✬ ✻✼✿ ✾✽✼✿ ✧✰✪ ★✴✱✪✴✱✫
✬✧✰ ✴✻❣✱ ✯✰✱✲✲✱✿ ✫✽✯✴✪❆

✶✳ ●✏ ☎ ✑✎ ✞☎ ②✝ ☎ ✓☎✄ ✞❊ ✍✏ ✚✟ ✞☎✑✎✡ ☎ ✑✎ ✖☎ ✒✝ ☎✟✝ ☎✓ ✡✏✂ ✚✄✝ ✂✍ ❜ ✣✤✥✦❋

✷✳ ❚✞✝ ✄☎✔✠❍✎✟✠②✝✟ ✙☎②✝ ■☎✄☎✑ ☎ ❜✣✤✥✦ ✂✏✏✆ ☎✡ ✞✝ ✒✟✏✡✡✝✎ ✄✞✝ ✟✏☎✎ ✗✞✝✑ ✄✞✝

✄✟☎✖✖✠✒ ✂✠✙✞✄ ✗☎✡ ✙✟✝✝✑✳

✸✳ ❚✞✝ ✓✏✘✓☎✟✎✘✝✑✄ ✏✖ ❏✠✟✏✡✞✠✘☎ ✠✡ ✏✑✝ ✏✖ ✄✞✝ ❜✣✤✥✦✝✡✄ ✒✟✠✘✝✡ ☎✙☎✠✑✡✄

✞✚✘☎✑✠✄✍✳

✹✳ ❱✝✟✍ ✖✝✗ ✕✝✏✕✂✝ ✝✑❡✏✍ ❏☎✟✏✂✎ ♦✠✑✄✝✟✁✡ ❜✣✤✥✦ ✒✏✘✝✎✍✳

✺✳ ❙✏✘✝✄✠✘✝✡ ✡✞✏✕✆✝✝✕✝✟✡ ✡✄✏✟✝ ✝✡✡✝✑✄✠☎✂ ✙✏✏✎✡ ✄✏ ✒✟✝☎✄✝ ✖☎✂✡✝ ✡✒☎✟✒✠✄✍

☎✑✎ ✄✞✝✑ ✡✝✂✂ ✄✞✝✡✝ ✠✑ ❜✣✤✥✦✳

❑✳ ❱✠✂✂☎✙✝✟✡ ✞☎✎ ✓✝☎✄✝✑ ✄✞✝ ✒✟✠✘✠✑☎✂ ❜✣✤✥✦ ☎✑✎ ✓✂✚✝✳

 ■■✳ ▲✝✝✌ ✄✒ ✒❤✟✎✟ ✎✟✑✒✟✑☞✟✎ ✒✄✌✟✑ ☎✓✝✕ ✒❤✟ ✁✟✎✎✝✑ ✂✝✡ ❤✄✞✟ ✖✡✎✒ ✓✟✄✏✗
✭✄✮ ■ ✘✄✎ ☎✁✂☛✑✆ ✕✂ ✝✁✏ ❉✄✌✝✒✄ ✄✟✓✝✔✁✄✑✟✳
✭❜✮ ❚❤✟ ✂✝✡✑✆ ✎✟✄✆✡✁✁ ❤✄✏ ❜✟✟✑ ✄☎✓✄☛✏ ✒✝ ☎✁✂ ✘☛✒❤ ✒❤✟✕✳
■✑ ✒❤✟ ☎☛✓✎✒ ✎✟✑✒✟✑☞✟ ✒❤✟ ✄✡✒❤✝✓ ✘✄✎ ☞✝✑✒✓✝✁✁☛✑✆ ✄✑ ✄☛✓☞✓✄☎✒ ☛✑ ✒❤✟ ✄☛✓✳ ✙✑✝✒❤✟✓
✟❡✄✕✔✁✟ ☛✎✗ ✚❤☛✁✏✓✟✑ ✄✓✟ ☎✁✂☛✑✆ ✌☛✒✟✎✳ ■✑ ✒❤✟ ✎✟☞✝✑✏ ✎✟✑✒✟✑☞✟ ✒❤✟ ✎✟✄✆✡✁✁
✘✄✎ ✄☎✓✄☛✏ ✒✝ ✕✝✞✟ ✒❤✓✝✡✆❤ ✒❤✟ ✄☛✓✱ ✡✎☛✑✆ ☛✒✎ ✘☛✑✆✎✳
✛✜✢✣✤ ✢✤✥ ✦✤✧✜★✥★ ✩✪✫✥✬ ✯✬✰✥✧ ✲✴✵✯✻✬ ✼ ✽✪✢✤ ✢✤✥✪✧ ✻✥✜✬✪✬✩★ ✩✪✫✥✬
✯✬✰✥✧ ✲✴✵✯✻✬ ✉✾
❆
✶✳ ❋✁✂ ✄ ☎✁✄✆ ➊ ▼✝✞✟ ✠✡☛☞✌✁✂✍✎✡✏✏✟✑✁✂
✷✳ ❋✁✂ ☛✑✒✝ ✓✄✆✟ ➊ ❇✟ ✎✡☞☞✟✎✎☎✡✁
✸✳ ❋✁✂ ✄✁✝✑✆ ➊ ❉☛✎✔✁✄✂ ✄ ☎✁✄✆ ✝✑ ✄ ✁✝✑✆ ✔✝✁✟
✹✳ ❋✁✂ ❤☛✆❤ ➊ ❊✎☞✄✔✟ ☎✓✝✕ ✄ ✔✁✄☞✟
✺✳ ❋✁✂ ✒❤✟ ☞✝✝✔ ➊ ❇✟☞✝✕✟ ✎✡✏✏✟✑✁✂ ✞✟✓✂ ✄✑✆✓✂

■■■✳ ❲✥ ✿✬✴✽ ✢✤✜✢ ✢✤✥ ✽✴✧✰ ❞❀✵❁❂ ❃✴❀ ❄✪✧✰★❅✪✬★✥✣✢★❈ ✻✥✜✬★ ✢✴ ✻✴✫✥ ✢✤✧✴✯✩✤
✜✪✧ ✯★✪✬✩ ✽✪✬✩★❛ ●✪✣✿ ✢✤✥ ✽✴✧✰★ ✽✤✪✣✤ ✤✜✫✥ ✢✤✥ ★✜✻✥ ✴✧ ✬✥✜✧✵❁ ✢✤✥ ★✜✻✥
✻✥✜✬✪✬✩❛
41
✎✘✝✝✔ ☎✁☛✒ ✔✄✏✏✁✟ ☎✁✡✒✒✟✓
✄✎☞✟✑✏ ☎✁✝✄✒ ✓☛✏✟ ✎✌☛✕
✎☛✑✌ ✏✄✓✒ ❤✝✞✟✓ ✆✁☛✏✟
✏✟✎☞✟✑✏ ✎✝✄✓ ✎❤✝✝✒ ✎✔✓☛✑✆
✎✒✄✂ ☎✄✁✁ ✎✄☛✁ ☎✁✄✔

❍✄✞✟ ✂✝✡ ✟✞✟✓ ❜✟✟✑ ✄✁✝✑✟ ✝✓ ✄✘✄✂ ☎✓✝✕ ❤✝✕✟ ✏✡✓☛✑✆ ✄ ✒❤✡✑✏✟✓✎✒✝✓✕❏ ❑✄✓✓✄✒✟
✂✝✡✓ ✟❡✔✟✓☛✟✑☞✟ ☛✑ ✄ ✔✄✓✄✆✓✄✔❤✳

WHAT WE HAVE DONE

Provided two stories about flying — one about a bird, another about a human being in
a plane.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

• As they read the story of the seagull, students can be asked to imagine how a baby
learns to walk, and compare and contrast the two situations.
 • After they read the second story students should be asked for their ideas about the
phantom plane: Was it really there or did the pilot imagine it? If the students feel it
was really there, who could have been piloting it?
• Ask students to narrate their own stories about flying. It could be about flying in an
airplane, or flying a kite, or about watching a bird flying — in short, anything to do
with flight. Give students ten minutes to think quietly about the topic — during this
time, they can make notes about what they want to say. Then ask for volunteer
speakers.

Compound Words Whose Parts Mean Just

the Opposite or Something Else
• Quicksand works slowly
• There in no egg in eggplant nor ham in
42 hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple.
• Boxing rings are square
 ❚ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝✆✄✂ ✞✆✟☎ ✂✄✠✠✟✂✡✂ ✂✆☎✟ ☛☞✌✠✟✝✆✄✂ ✍☞✎✂ ✡✆ ✁☛✟✌✡✁✏✎ ✑✆✝
➅✡✟✒✒✓✔ ✍✁✒☛ ☞✌✁☎☞✒✂✕ ✖✟☞☛ ✁✡ ☞✒✆✄☛✗ ✘✟✟✞✁✌✠ ✡✆ ☞ ✂✡✝✆✌✠ ☞✌☛ ✝✟✠✄✒☞✝
✝ ✎✡ ☎r

■✙ ✚✛✚✜ ✢✣✤ ✥✦✣✤✧★ ✩✣ ✪✢ ✫✦✬✭✫✚

✮✣ ✯✤✭✩✧✚✥ ✰✭ ✱✦✚ ✚✬✥✱✲
❆✭★ ✰✙ ✱✦✚✜✚ ✥✦✣✤✧★ ✱✣ ✢✣✤ ✬★✛✬✭✫✚
❆ ✧✬✜✩✚ ✬✭★ ✱✬✳✭✢ ✪✚✬✥✱✴
■✙ ✦✚ ✜✣✬✜✥ ✬✱ ✢✣✤ ✬✥ ✢✣✤✵✜✚ ★✢✰✭✵
❨✣✤✵✧✧ ♦✭✣✳ ✰✱ ✰✥ ✱✦✚ ❆✥✰✬✭ ✶✰✣✭✷✷✷

❖✜ ✰✙ ✥✣✸✚ ✱✰✸✚ ✳✦✚✭ ✜✣✬✸✰✭✩ ✜✣✤✭★✴

❆ ✭✣✪✧✚ ✳✰✧★ ✪✚✬✥✱ ✩✜✚✚✱✥ ✢✣✤✴
❲✰✱✦ ✪✧✬✫♦ ✥✱✜✰✹✚✥ ✣✭ ✬ ✢✚✧✧✣✳ ✩✜✣✤✭★✴
❏✤✥✱ ✭✣✱✰✫✚ ✰✙ ✦✚ ✚✬✱✥ ✢✣✤✷
✮✦✰✥ ✥✰✸✹✧✚ ✜✤✧✚ ✸✬✢ ✦✚✧✹ ✢✣✤ ✧✚✬✜✭
✮✦✚ ✺✚✭✩✬✧ ✮✰✩✚✜ ✱✣ ★✰✥✫✚✜✭✷

■✙ ✥✱✜✣✧✧✰✭✩ ✙✣✜✱✦✴ ✬ ✪✚✬✥✱ ✢✣✤ ✛✰✚✳✴

❲✦✣✥✚ ✦✰★✚ ✳✰✱✦ ✥✹✣✱✥ ✰✥ ✹✚✹✹✚✜✚★✴
❆✥ ✥✣✣✭ ✬✥ ✦✚ ✦✬✥ ✧✚✹✱ ✣✭ ✢✣✤✴
❨✣✤✵✧✧ ♦✭✣✳ ✰✱ ✰✥ ✱✦✚ ✶✚✣✹✬✜★✷
✵✮✳✰✧✧ ★✣ ✭✣ ✩✣✣★ ✱✣ ✜✣✬✜ ✳✰✱✦ ✹✬✰✭✴
❍✚✵✧✧ ✣✭✧✢ ✧✚✹ ✬✭★ ✧✚✹ ✬✩✬✰✭✷
 ■ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✠✄ ✁✡☛☞✌☎✍ ✠✝✞☎✎ ✆✝✞✠ ✆✡✠✎

❨✝✞ ♦✄✄✏ ✡ ✑✠✄✡✏✞✠✄ ✏✂✄✠✄✱

❲✂✝ ✂✞✍✒ ✆✝✞ ✓✄✠✆✱ ✓✄✠✆ ✂✡✠✎✱

❇✄ ✒✞✠✄ ✌✏ ✌✒ ✡ ❇✄✡✠✳

■ ✆✝✞ ✂✡✓✄ ✡☎✆ ✎✝✞✔✏✒✱ ■ ✍✞✄✒✒

❍✄✟☛☛ ✍✌✓✄ ✆✝✞ ✕✞✒✏ ✝☎✄ ♦✝✠✄ ✑✡✠✄✒✒✳

❚✂✝✞✍✂ ✏✝ ✎✌✒✏✌☎✍✞✌✒✂ ✔✄✡✒✏✒ ✝ ✖✠✄✆

❆ ☎✝✓✌✑✄ ♦✌✍✂✏ ☎✝☎✖☛✞✒✱

❚✂✄ ✗✠✝✑✝✎✌☛✄ ✆✝✞ ✡☛✁✡✆✒ ♦✡✆

❚✄☛☛ ✠✝♦ ✏✂✄ ❍✆✄☎✡ ✏✂✞✒✘

❍✆✄☎✡✒ ✑✝♦✄ ✁✌✏✂ ♦✄✠✠✆ ✒♦✌☛✄✒✙

❇✞✏ ✌ ✏✂✄✆ ✁✄✄✖ ✏✂✄✆✟✠✄ ✗✠✝✑✝✎✌☛✄✒✳

❚✂✄ ✏✠✞✄ ✗✂✡♦✄☛✄✝☎ ✌✒ ✒♦✡☛☛✱

❆ ☛✌✚✡✠✎ ✒✝✠✏ ✝ ✏✂✌☎✍✙

❍✄ ✂✡✒☎✟✏ ✡☎✆ ✄✡✠✒ ✡✏ ✡☛☛✱

44 ❆☎✎ ☎✝✏ ✡ ✒✌☎✍☛✄ ✁✌☎✍✳

■ ✏✂✄✠✄ ✌✒ ☎✝✏✂✌☎✍ ✝☎ ✏✂✄ ✏✠✄✄✱

✟❚✌✒ ✏✂✄ ✑✂✡♦✄☛✄✝☎ ✆✝✞ ✒✄✄✳

❈✛✜✢✣✤✥ ✦❊✣✣✧

❣★✩✪✫✬✿ ✭✮✯✰✲✴✵✶✷✸

✬❞✹✺✻★✫✿ ♠✮✰✼ ✵✶✽✾ ❀✸✼✷✽❀❁❂

❤❞✬✻✿ ✮✷❀♠✮❛ ❃✰❀✷

♣✻♣♣✻★✻✬✿ ❄✼✴✼❅ ✯✵❉✼✴✼✸ ❋❀✽❄ ❃●✵✽❃

✺❝★✻✹✹✿ ✮ ✲✼✷✽❛✼❅ ❛✵❉❀✷✲ ✽✵✶✯❄

✫✩♥❞✺✻✿ ❃✵♠✼✵✷✼ ✷✼❋ ✽✵ ✮ s✵✭

❏❑✻▲ ✫✩✫♣▼✪✹ ❏✹✻✬▲ ◆✶❃✶✮❛❛❂ ✵✷❛❂ ❀✷ ✽❄✼ ●✮❃❃❀❉✼❖✿ ◆✭✼❖ ●✶PP❛✼◆✸❖❅ ✯✵✷❁✶❃✼◆✸❖❅
❃✶✴●✴❀❃✼◆✸❖
✶✳ ❉ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝✞➆ r✁✟✠✠✆ r✡✆☛✁ ☞✝✌✡ ➅✠✝ ✞❧✍ ✎✟✞ ✆ ✏ ✂✟✆ ✝✌ ✝✞ ✂✏✑✡ ✟ ☞✟✆ ✌✡✟✌ ✝✌ ☎ ✁✂✍
✷✳ ❍ ☞ ☎ ✁✂ ✌✡✁ ✒ ✁✌ ✂✏✓✓✁✂✌ ✌✡✟✌ ✆ ✏ ✝☎✁✞✌✝✔✆ ✌✡✁ ✠✝ ✞ ✟✞☎ ✌✡✁ ✌✝✓✁r✍ ✕✡✁✞
✑✟✞ ✆ ✏ ☎ ✂ ❝ ✟✑✑ r☎✝✞✓ ✌ ✡✝☛✍
✸✳ ❉ ✆ ✏ ✌✡✝✞✖ ✌✡✁ ☞ r☎✂ ✄✠✁✒✌✄ ✟✞☎ ✄✠✁✒❧ ✝✞ ✌✡✁ ✌✡✝r☎ ✂✌✟✞✗✟ ✟r✁ ✂✒✁✠✌ ✑ rr✁✑✌✠✆✍
✕✡✆ ☎ ✁✂ ✌✡✁ ✒ ✁✌ ✂✒✁✠✠ ✌✡✁☛ ✠✝✖✁ ✌✡✝✂✍
✹✳ ❉ ✆ ✏ ✖✞ ☞ ☞✡✟✌ ✟ ✄✘✁✟r✡✏✓❧ ✝✂✍ ✙✌❧✂ ✟ ✔r✝✁✞☎✠✆ ✟✞☎ ✂✌r ✞✓ ✡✏✓ ✚ ✂✏✑✡ ✟✂
✘✁✟r✂ ✟r✁ ✌✡ ✏✓✡✌ ✌ ✓✝❜✁❝ ✟✂ ✌✡✁✆ ✟✌✌✟✑✖ ✆ ✏✛ ✜✓✟✝✞❝ ✡✆✁✞✟✂ ✟r✁ ✌✡ ✏✓✡✌ ✌
✠✟✏✓✡❝ ✟✞☎ ✑r ✑ ☎✝✠✁✂ ✌ ☞✁✁✒ ✢✄✑r ✑ ☎✝✠✁ ✌✁✟r✂❧✣ ✟✂ ✌✡✁✆ ✂☞✟✠✠ ☞ ✌✡✁✝r ❜✝✑✌✝☛✂✳
✜r✁ ✌✡✁r✁ ✂✝☛✝✠✟r ✁❆✒r✁✂✂✝ ✞✂ ✟✞☎ ✒ ✒✏✠✟r ✝☎✁✟✂ ✟✘ ✏✌ ☞✝✠☎ ✟✞✝☛✟✠✂ ✝✞ ✆ ✏r
☞✞ ✠✟✞✓✏✟✓✁✢✂✣✍
✺✳ ▲ ✖ ✟✌ ✌✡✁ ✠✝✞✁ ✤✜ ✞ ❜✝✑✁ ☛✝✓✡✌ ✞ ✞✒✠✏✂✥✳ ❍ ☞ ☞ ✏✠☎ ✆ ✏ ☞r✝✌✁ ✌✡✝✂
✄✑ rr✁✑✌✠✆❧✍ ✕✡✆ ✝✂ ✌✡✁ ✒ ✁✌❧✂ ✄✝✞✑ rr✁✑✌❧ ✠✝✞✁ ✘✁✌✌✁r ✝✞ ✌✡✁ ✒ ✁☛✍
✻✳ ✎✟✞ ✆ ✏ ✔✝✞☎ ✌✡✁r ✁❆✟☛✒✠✁✂ ✔ ✒ ✁✌✂ ✌✟✖✝✞✓ ✠✝✘✁r✌✝✁✂ ☞✝✌✡ ✠✟✞✓✏✟✓✁❝ ✁✝✌✡✁r
✝✞ ✐✞✓✠✝✂✡ r ✝✞ ✆ ✏r ☞✞ ✠✟✞✓✏✟✓✁✢✂✣✍ ✎✟✞ ✆ ✏ ✔✝✞☎ ✁❆✟☛✒✠✁✂ ✔ ✡✏☛ r ✏✂
✒ ✁☛✂ ✝✞ ✆ ✏r ☞✞ ✠✟✞✓✏✟✓✁✢✂✣✍
✼✳ ▼✏✑✡ ✔ ✌✡✁ ✡✏☛ ✏r ✝✞ ✌✡✁ ✒ ✁☛ ✟r✝✂✁✂ ✔r ☛ ✌✡✁ ☞✟✆ ✠✟✞✓✏✟✓✁ ✝✂ ✏✂✁☎❝
✟✠✌✡ ✏✓✡ ✌✡✁ ✝☎✁✟✂ ✟r✁ ✔✏✞✞✆ ✟✂ ☞✁✠✠✳ ✙✔ ✌✡✁r✁ ✟r✁ ✒✟r✌✝✑✏✠✟r ✠✝✞✁✂ ✝✞ ✌✡✁
✒ ✁☛ ✌✡✟✌ ✆ ✏ ✁✂✒✁✑✝✟✠✠✆ ✠✝✖✁❝ ✂✡✟r✁ ✌✡✁✂✁ ☞✝✌✡ ✌✡✁ ✑✠✟✂✂❝ ✂✒✁✟✖✝✞✓ ✘r✝✁✔✠✆
✟✘ ✏✌ ☞✡✟✌ ✝✌ ✝✂ ✟✘ ✏✌ ✌✡✁ ✝☎✁✟✂ r ✌✡✁ ✠✟✞✓✏✟✓✁ ✌✡✟✌ ✆ ✏ ✠✝✖✁ r ✔✝✞☎ ✔✏✞✞✆✳
45

English is funny, because...

We have noses that run and feet that smell
 ❆ ✁✂ ✄✁☎✆☎ ✝ ✝✄✄✞ ✟✆ ✠☎ ✡✆☛✂ ☞✌☎✆✍✞ ❆ ✝✄✄ ✎✁✆☎✏✑✍ ✒✁☎✍ ✓☞✒✔✕ ✏✁☛ ✠☎
✠✍ ✎✠✐✐✠✒☞✄✍ ✍✁ ☞✂ ✝✏✁✍✔✆☛ ✝✄✄✞ ✖✔✂ ✍✔✆✏ ✠☎ ✍✔✆ ✁✂ ☎✁ ☞✌☎✆✍✗ ✘✆✝✎
✍✔✆ ✌✁✆✓ ✍✁ ☎✆✆ t✔✝✍ ✍✔✆ ✌✁✆✍ ✍✔✠✏✙☎ ✔✝☎ ✆✆✏ ✄✁☎✍✕ ✝✏✎ t✔✝✍ ✍✔✆
✁✂ ✔✝☎ ✍✁ ✄✆✝☛✏ ✐☛✁✓ ✍✔✆ ✆❜✌✆☛✠✆✏✒✆ ✁✐ ✄✁☎✠✏✚ ☎✁✓✆✍✔✠✏✚✞

❲✛✜✢ ✣✤ ✢✛✥ ✦✧★ ✩✧✪✫ ✪✛✧ ✛✜✤ ✬✧✤✢ ✛✣✤ ✦✜✬✬✫

❲✛✜✢✫ ✪✛✜✢ ✣✤ ✛✥ ✢✧ ✭✧✮ ✯ ✤✜✪ ✣✢ ✰✧
▼✥✱✱✣✬★ ✦✧✲✩✳✣✩✰✫ ✭✧✪✩ ✢✛✥ ✤✢✱✥✥✢✫ ✜✩✭ ✢✛✥✩
▼✥✱✱✣✬★ ✧✴✥✱ ✵ ✢✛✥✱✥ ✣✢ ✣✤ ✣✩ ✢✛✥ ✪✜✢✥✱✶
◆✧ ✲✤✥ ✢✧ ✤✜★ ✷✸ ✢✛✥✱✥ ✜✱✥ ✧✢✛✥✱ ✦✜✬✬✤✹✺
✻✩ ✲✬✢✣✼✜✢✥ ✤✛✜✽✣✩✰ ✰✱✣✥✾ ✾✣✿✥✤ ✢✛✥ ✦✧★
✻✤ ✛✥ ✤✢✜✩✭✤ ✱✣✰✣✭✫ ✢✱✥✼✦✬✣✩✰✫ ✤✢✜✱✣✩✰ ✭✧✪✩
✻✬✬ ✛✣✤ ★✧✲✩✰ ✭✜★✤ ✣✩✢✧ ✢✛✥ ✛✜✱✦✧✲✱ ✪✛✥✱✥
❍✣✤ ✦✜✬✬ ✪✥✩✢❀ ✯ ✪✧✲✬✭ ✩✧✢ ✣✩✢✱✲✭✥ ✧✩ ✛✣✼❁
✻ ✭✣✼✥✫ ✜✩✧✢✛✥✱ ✦✜✬✬✫ ✣✤ ✪✧✱✢✛✬✥✤✤❀ ◆✧✪
❍✥ ✤✥✩✤✥✤ ✾✣✱✤✢ ✱✥✤❂✧✩✤✣✦✣✬✣✢★
✯✩ ✜ ✪✧✱✬✭ ✧✾ ❂✧✤✤✥✤✤✣✧✩✤❀ ■✥✧❂✬✥ ✪✣✬✬ ✢✜✽✥
❇✜✬✬✤✫ ✦✜✬✬✤ ✪✣✬✬ ✦✥ ✬✧✤✢ ✜✬✪✜★✤✫ ✬✣✢✢✬✥ ✦✧★❀
✻✩✭ ✩✧ ✧✩✥ ✦✲★✤ ✜ ✦✜✬✬ ✦✜✳✽❀ ▼✧✩✥★ ✣✤ ✥✿✢✥✱✩✜✬❀
❍✥ ✣✤ ✬✥✜✱✩✣✩✰✫ ✪✥✬✬ ✦✥✛✣✩✭ ✛✣✤ ✭✥✤❂✥✱✜✢✥ ✥★✥✤✫
❚✛✥ ✥❂✣✤✢✥✼✧✬✧✰★ ✧✾ ✬✧✤✤✫ ✛✧✪ ✢✧ ✤✢✜✩✭ ✲❂
❑✩✧✪✣✩✰ ✪✛✜✢ ✥✴✥✱★ ✼✜✩ ✼✲✤✢ ✧✩✥ ✭✜★ ✽✩✧✪
✻✩✭ ✼✧✤✢ ✽✩✧✪ ✼✜✩★ ✭✜★✤✫ ✛✧✪ ✢✧ ✤✢✜✩✭ ✲❂❀

❏❖❃❄ ❅❊❈❈❉❋●❄

▲ P◗❘❙❘ ❯❙❘ ❱P◗❘❙ ❳❯❨❨❩❬ ❭❪❫ ❴❵❛❝❞ ❞❡❢❢❫❞❣ ❣❪❤❣ ❣❪❫ ❥❵❞❞ ❦❞ ❧❵❣ ❦♠♥❵❛❣❤❧❣ ❫❧❵❡❢❪
❣❵ ❴❵❛❛♦ ❤♣❵❡❣
❩◗❯sqr✉ ✉❙q❘✈❬ ❞❤❝❧❫❞❞ ❴❪❦✇❪ ❢❛❫❤❣❥♦ ❤①①❫✇❣❞ ❣❪❫ ♣❵♦
❙q✉q②❬ ❞❣❦①①
✭ ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆✝✞✟ ✁☎✠ ❤✡☛✡☞ ✌✍ ✡✎✌✡☛ ✏ ✑✒✌✓✏✌✒✍✎ ✔❤✡☛✡ ✍✎✡ ✒✑ ✎✍✌ ✔✡✕✖✍✗✡
❛ ✞✄✘✟✠ ✌✡✎ ✖✡✎✌✑ t✙✚✛✚✜
✞✟❞✢✟✆❛ ✟✠ ❤✍✣✡✕✡✑✑
✟✢✄❞ ✟✘✁❡✁✤✥ ✁✦ ❡✁❞❞✠ ✓✎✉✡☛✑✌✏✎✉✒✎✧ ✌❤✡ ✎✏✌✓☛✡ ✍★ ✕✍✑✑ ✩ ✔❤✏✌ ✒✌ ✗✡✏✎✑ ✌✍
✕✍✑✡ ✑✍✗✡✌❤✒✎✧
✟✢✄❞ ✟✘✁❡✁✤✥✠ ❚❤✡ ✪☛✡✡✫ ✔✍☛✉ ✬✮✯✰✱✬✲✬ ✗✡✏✎✑ ♠✫✎✍✔✕✡✉✧✡✳ t✒✌ ✖✍✗✡✑ ★☛✍✗ ✏
✔✍☛✉ ✗✡✏✎✒✎✧ ♠✌✍ ✓✎✉✡☛✑✌✏✎✉☞ ✌✍ ✫✎✍✔✳✜✚ ✇✣✒✑✌✡✗✍✕✍✧✴ ✒✑ ✌❤✡ ✑✌✓✉✴ ✍★ ✌❤✡
✎✏✌✓☛✡ ✍★ ✫✎✍✔✕✡✉✧✡ ✒✌✑✡✕★✚

■✎ ✣✏✒☛✑☞ ✏✌✌✡✗✣✌ ✌❤✡ ★✍✕✕✍✔✒✎✧ ✵✓✡✑✌✒✍✎✑✚

✶✚ ❲❤✴ ✉✍✡✑ ✌❤✡ ✣✍✡✌ ✑✏✴☞ ✷■ ✔✍✓✕✉ ✎✍✌ ✒✎✌☛✓✉✡ ✍✎ ❤✒✗✸✹ ❲❤✴ ✉✍✡✑✎✳✌ ❤✡ ✍★★✡☛
❤✒✗ ✗✍✎✡✴ ✌✍ ✺✓✴ ✏✎✍✌❤✡☛ ✺✏✕✕✹
✻✚ ✷➇ ✑✌✏☛✒✎✧ ✉✍✔✎✼✽✕✕ ❤✒✑ ✴✍✓✎✧ ✉✏✴✑ ✒✎✌✍ ✌❤✡ ❤✏☛✺✍✓☛ ✔❤✡☛✡✼✾✒✑ ✺✏✕✕ ✔✡✎✌ ➇✸
❉✍ ✴✍✓ ✌❤✒✎✫ ✌❤✡ ✺✍✴ ❤✏✑ ❤✏✉ ✌❤✡ ✺✏✕✕ ★✍☛ ✏ ✕✍✎✧ ✌✒✗✡✹ ■✑ ✒✌ ✕✒✎✫✡✉ ✌✍ ✌❤✡
✗✡✗✍☛✒✡✑ ✍★ ✉✏✴✑ ✔❤✡✎ ❤✡ ✣✕✏✴✡✉ ✔✒✌❤ ✒✌✹
✿✚ ❲❤✏✌ ✉✍✡✑ ✷✒✎ ✌❤✡ ✔✍☛✕✉ ✍★ ✣✍✑✑✡✑✑✒✍✎✑✸ ✗✡✏✎✹
❀✚ ❉✍ ✴✍✓ ✌❤✒✎✫ ✌❤✡ ✺✍✴ ❤✏✑ ✕✍✑✌ ✏✎✴✌❤✒✎✧ ✡✏☛✕✒✡☛✹ ❁✒✖✫ ✍✓✌ ✌❤✡ ✔✍☛✉✑ ✌❤✏✌
✑✓✧✧✡✑✌ ✌❤✡ ✏✎✑✔✡☛✚
❂✚ ❲❤✏✌ ✉✍✡✑ ✌❤✡ ✣✍✡✌ ✑✏✴ ✌❤✡ ✺✍✴ ✒✑ ✕✡✏☛✎✒✎✧ ★☛✍✗ ✌❤✡ ✕✍✑✑ ✍★ ✌❤✡ ✺✏✕✕✹ ❚☛✴ ✌✍
✡❃✣✕✏✒✎ ✌❤✒✑ ✒✎ ✴✍✓☛ ✍✔✎ ✔✍☛✉✑✚ 47
❄✚ ✾✏❍✡ ✴✍✓ ✡❍✡☛ ✕✍✑✌ ✑✍✗✡✌❤✒✎✧ ✴✍✓ ✕✒✫✡✉ ❍✡☛✴ ✗✓✖❤✹ ❲☛✒✌✡ ✏ ✣✏☛✏✧☛✏✣❤
✉✡✑✖☛✒✺✒✎✧ ❤✍✔ ✴✍✓ ★✡✕✌ ✌❤✡✎☞ ✏✎✉ ✑✏✴✒✎✧ ✔❤✡✌❤✡☛ ✩ ✏✎✉ ❤✍✔ ✩ ✴✍✓ ✧✍✌ ✍❍✡☛
✴✍✓☛ ✕✍✑✑✚
 BEFORE YOU READ
❆ ✁✂✄✁☎✁ ✆✝✞✄✁ ✟❆ ✁✠ ✡✞✝ ☛ ☞✌✍
❏✎ ✁ ✌✏✍✏ ✑ ✡✁✒✞✎✝✞✓✔✆✝✞✕✖
✌✏✶✗✘ ✙✝☎ ✝ ✚✁✞✛✝ ✑ ✒✜✞
❏✁✙✄☎✖ ✢✄✞✂ ✙✖✜ ✙✞✜✣✁ ✙✖✄✂✁ ✄
✖✄❤✄ ✢ ✙✄✣✖ ✖✁✞ ✤✝✛✄✂✓ ✝ ❤ ✤✜✎✞
✤✞✄✁ ❤☎ ✄ ❆✛☎✣✁✞❤✝✛ ❤✎✞✄ ✢ ✣✖✁
✚✁✞✛✝ ✜✕✕✎●✝✣✄✜ ✜✤ ✣✖✁
◆✁✣✖✁✞✂✝ ❤☎ ✄ ✥✜✞✂❤ ✥✝✞ ❛❛✦ ✧✁✞
✤✝✛✄✂✓ ✖✝❤ ✛✜❢✁❤ ✣✜ ❆✛☎✣✁✞❤✝✛
✝✤✣✁✞ ✣✖✁ ◆✝★✄☎ ✢✝✄ ✁❤ ●✜✙✁✞ ✄
➇✾✿❀❁ ❀❁ ❂ ❃✿❄❅❄ ❂❁ ❇ ❈❄❉❋❍ ❈❀❁✿ ✚✁✞✛✝ ✓ ✒✎✣ ✙✁✞✁ ✣✞✝●●✁❤ ✙✖✁
♠■❁❑❋▲ ❅❄ ❋❄❄▼ ❂❋❋ ❅✿❑ ❅❀♠❑❖ ✾✿❑P
❇ ❈❄❉❋❍◗ ♠❂■❘❑◗ ✿❂❙❑ ❂ ❯✿❂P❯❑ ✣✖✁ ◆✝★✄ ✜✕✕✎●✝✣✄✜ ✁t✣✁ ❤✁❤ ✄ ✣✜
❅❄ ❯❄♠❑ ❅❄ ❱❄❋❋■❈❄❄❍❖❲ ✣✖✁ ◆✁✣✖✁✞✂✝ ❤☎✦ ❆☎ ●✁✞☎✁✕✎✣✄✜ ☎
➊ ❳PP❑ ❨❩❂P▼◗ ❬❭ ❪❯❅❄❘❑❩ ❬❫❴❵ ✝✢✝✄ ☎✣ ✣✖✁ ❏✁✙✄☎✖ ●✜●✎✂✝✣✄✜
✄ ✕✞✁✝☎✁❤✐ ✣✖✁ ✤✝✛✄✂✓ ✙✁ ✣ ✄ ✣✜
✖✄❤✄ ✢ ✄ ❏✎✂✓ ✌✏✶✍ ✄ ✖✄❤❤✁ ✞✜✜✛☎ ✄ ✖✁✞ ✤✝✣✖✁✞ ✩✣✣✜ ✡✞✝ ☛✠☎
✜✤✤✄✕✁ ✒✎✄✂❤✄ ✢✦ ❆✤✣✁✞ ✣✙✜ ✓✁✝✞☎ ✄ ✖✄❤✄ ✢✐ ✣✖✁ ✢✞✜✎● ✙✝☎ ✒✁✣✞✝✓✁❤
✝ ❤ ✣✞✝ ☎●✜✞✣✁❤ ✣✜ ✣✖✁ ✕✜ ✕✁ ✣✞✝✣✄✜ ✕✝✛● ☎✓☎✣✁✛ ✙✖✁✞✁ ❆ ✁ ❤✄✁❤
✜✤ ✣✓●✖✎☎ ✄ ♦✁✞✢✁ ❣♦✁✂☎✁ ✙✄✣✖✄ ❤✝✓☎ ✜✤ ✖✁✞ ☎✄☎✣✁✞✐ ✆✝✞✢✜✣ ✡✞✝ ☛✦
✧✁✞ ✤✝✣✖✁✞✐ ✩✣✣✜✐ ✣✖✁ ✜ ✂✓ ☎✎✞❢✄❢✜✞ ✜✤ ✣✖✁ ✢✞✜✎●✐ ✞✁✣✎✞ ✁❤ ✣✜ ❆✛☎✣✁✞❤✝✛
✝✤✣✁✞ ✣✖✁ ✙✝✞ ✁ ❤✁❤✐ ✣✜ ✤✄ ❤ ✣✖✝✣ ✖✁✞ ❤✄✝✞✓ ✖✝❤ ✒✁✁ ☎✝❢✁❤✦ ✪✜ ❢✄ ✕✁❤
✣✖✝✣ ✄✣ ✙✝☎ ✝ ✎ ✄✫✎✁ ✞✁✕✜✞❤✐ ✖✁ ✣✜✜☛ ✝✕✣✄✜ ✣✜ ✖✝❢✁ ✄✣ ●✎✒✂✄☎✖✁❤ ✄
❊ ✢✂✄☎✖ ✎ ❤✁✞ ✣✖✁ ✝✛✁ ❚✬✭ ✮✯✰✱✲ ✳✴ ✰ ✵✳✷✸✹ ✺✯✱✻✦
✼✖✁ ❤✄✝✞✓ ✙✝☎ ✢✄❢✁ ✣✜ ❆ ✁ ✡✞✝ ☛ ✤✜✞ ✖✁✞ ✣✖✄✞✣✁✁ ✣✖ ✒✄✞✣✖❤✝✓
✝ ❤ ✕✖✞✜ ✄✕✂✁☎ ✣✖✁ ✁❢✁ ✣☎ ✜✤ ✖✁✞ ✂✄✤✁ ✤✞✜✛ ✌✍ ❏✎ ✁ ✌✏✶✍ ✎ ✣✄✂ ✄✣☎
✤✄ ✝✂ ✁ ✣✞✓ ✜✤ ✌ ❆✎✢✎☎✣ ✌✏✶✶✦ ❛✣ ✙✝☎ ✁❢✁ ✣✎✝✂✂✓ ✣✞✝ ☎✂✝✣✁❤ ✤✞✜✛ ✄✣☎
✜✞✄✢✄ ✝✂ ✽✎✣✕✖ ✄ ✣✜ ✛✝ ✓ ✂✝ ✢✎✝✢✁☎ ✝ ❤ ✒✁✕✝✛✁ ✜ ✁ ✜✤ ✣✖✁ ✙✜✞✂❤✠☎
✛✜☎✣ ✙✄❤✁✂✓ ✞✁✝❤ ✒✜✜☛☎✦ ✼✖✁✞✁ ✖✝❢✁ ✝✂☎✜ ✒✁✁ ☎✁❢✁✞✝✂ ✤✄✂✛☎✐
✣✁✂✁❢✄☎✄✜ ✝ ❤ ✣✖✁✝✣✞✄✕✝✂ ●✞✜❤✎✕✣✄✜ ☎✐ ✝ ❤ ✁❢✁ ✝ ✜●✁✞✝✐ ✒✝☎✁❤ ✜
✣✖✁ ❤✄✝✞✓✦ ✽✁☎✕✞✄✒✁❤ ✝☎ ✣✖✁ ✙✜✞☛ ✜✤ ✝ ✛✝✣✎✞✁ ✝ ❤ ✄ ☎✄✢✖✣✤✎✂ ✛✄ ❤✐
✣✖✁ ❤✄✝✞✓ ●✞✜❢✄❤✁☎ ✝ ✄ ✣✄✛✝✣✁ ✁t✝✛✄ ✝✣✄✜ ✜✤ ❤✝✄✂✓ ✂✄✤✁ ✎ ❤✁✞ ◆✝★✄
✜✕✕✎●✝✣✄✜ ✦ ❆ ✁ ✡✞✝ ☛ ✖✝☎ ✒✁✕✜✛✁ ✜ ✁ ✜✤ ✣✖✁ ✛✜☎✣ ✞✁ ✜✙ ✁❤ ✝ ❤
❤✄☎✕✎☎☎✁❤ ✜✤ ✣✖✁ ✧✜✂✜✕✝✎☎✣ ❢✄✕✣✄✛☎✦
✼✽✾✿❀✿✾❁

✶ ❢✆ ✔✆✖ ✗✁✁☛ ✄ ✍✠✄✂✔♠ ❉✠✑✁✞ ❛✁☞✆✒ ✖✞✍✁✂ ❂❆✙ ✄✂✁ ☎✆✝✁ ✟✁✂✝☎ ✒✁
✖☎✁ ✟✆ ✍✁☎✌✂✠❛✁ ✄ ✒✂✠✟✟✁✞ ✂✁✌✆✂✍ ✆✡ ☛✁✂☎✆✞✄☞ ✁✉☛✁✂✠✁✞✌✁ ♦✄✞
✔✆✖ ✝✄✟✌✏ ✟✏✁✝ ✒✠✟✏ ✟✏✁✠✂ ✍✁☎✌✂✠☛✟✠✆✞☎ ✖✞✍✁✂ ❂❇✙♠ ✭②✆✖ ✝✄✔
☞✆✆✗ ✖☛ ✟✏✁ ✟✁✂✝☎ ✠✞ ✄ ✍✠✌✟✠✆✞✄✂✔ ✠✡ ✔✆✖ ✒✠☎✏ ✮

❄ ❃

✭✠✮ ❏✆✖✂✞✄☞ ➊ ❆ ❛✆✆✗ ✒✠✟✏ ✄ ☎✁☛✄✂✄✟✁ ☎☛✄✌✁ ✆✂ ☛✄✓✁ ✡✆✂ ✁✄✌✏

✍✄✔✕ ✠✞ ✒✏✠✌✏ ✔✆✖ ✒✂✠✟✁ ✍✆✒✞ ✔✆✖✂ ✟✏✆✖✓✏✟☎

✭✠✠✮ ❢✠✄✂✔ ✄✞✍ ✡✁✁☞✠✞✓☎ ✆✂ ✒✏✄✟ ✏✄☎ ✏✄☛☛✁✞✁✍ ✆✞ ✟✏✄✟ ✍✄✔

➊ ❆ ✡✖☞☞ ✂✁✌✆✂✍ ✆✡ ✄ ❥✆✖✂✞✁✔✕ ✄ ☛✁✂✠✆✍ ✆✡ ✟✠✝✁✕ ✆✂

✭✠✠✠✮ ▲✆✓ ✄✞ ✁✑✁✞✟✕ ✒✂✠✟✟✁✞ ✁✑✁✂✔ ✍✄✔

➊ ❆ ✂✁✌✆✂✍ ✆✡ ✄ ☛✁✂☎✆✞✙☎ ✆✒✞ ☞✠✡✁ ✄✞✍ ✁✉☛✁✂✠✁✞✌✁☎

✭✠✑✮ ▼✁✝✆✠✂✭☎✮
✭✖☎✖✄☞☞✔✕ ✄ ✡✄✝✆✖☎ ☛✁✂☎✆✞✮

➊ ❆ ✒✂✠✟✟✁✞ ✂✁✌✆✂✍ ✆✡ ✁✑✁✞✟☎ ✒✠✟✏ ✟✠✝✁☎ ✄✞✍

✍✄✟✁☎✕ ✖☎✖✄☞☞✔ ✆✡✡✠✌✠✄☞

✷ ❍✁✂✁ ✄✂✁ ☎✆✝✁ ✁✞✟✂✠✁☎ ✡✂✆✝ ☛✁✂☎✆✞✄☞ ✂✁✌✆✂✍☎ ✎☎✁ ✟✏✁ ✍✁✡✠✞✠✟✠✆✞☎
✄❛✆✑✁ ✟✆ ✍✁✌✠✍✁ ✒✏✠✌✏ ✆✡ ✟✏✁ ✁✞✟✂✠✁☎ ✝✠✓✏✟ ❛✁ ✡✂✆✝ ✄ ✍✠✄✂✔✕ ✄
❥✆✖✂✞✄☞✕ ✄ ☞✆✓ ✆✂ ✄ ✝✁✝✆✠✂

✭✠✮ ■ ✒✆✗✁ ✖☛ ✑✁✂✔ ☞✄✟✁ ✟✆✍✄✔ ✄✞✍ ☛✂✆✝☛✟☞✔ ✓✆✟ ✄ ☎✌✆☞✍✠✞✓ ✡✂✆✝
▼✖✝✘ ■ ✌✄✞✙✟ ✏✁☞☛ ✠✟ ✚ ✏✆✒ ✌✄✞ ■ ✝✠☎☎ ✟✏✁ ✛■✛❆ ✜✆✂☞✍ ♦✖☛ 49
✝✄✟✌✏✁☎♠

✢✣✤✥

✭✠✠✮ ✶✦✧★✦ ✄ ✝ ✜✁✞✟ ✟✆ ✟✏✁ ✆✡✡✠✌✁ ✆✡ ✟✏✁ ❢✠✂✁✌✟✆✂

✦✶✧✦✦ ☛ ✝ ❍✄✍ ☞✖✞✌✏ ✒✠✟✏ ♦✏✄✠✂✝✄✞

✦✵✧✩✵ ☛ ✝ ❘✁✌✁✠✑✁✍ ❘✄✏✖☞ ✄✟ ✟✏✁ ✄✠✂☛✆✂✟

From the Diary of Anne Frank

✦✪✧★✦ ☛ ✝ ❢✠✞✞✁✂ ✄✟ ✏✆✝✁

✢✣✤✥

✭✠✠✠✮ ❚✏✁ ✂✠✍✁ ✟✆ ✫✆✟✔ ✒✄☎ ✖✞✁✑✁✞✟✡✖☞ ✜✁ ✂✁☎✟✁✍ ✡✆✂ ✄ ✒✏✠☞✁ ✁✑✁✂✔

✵✦ ✗✝ ✆✂ ☎✆✕ ✄✞✍ ✖☎✁✍ ✟✏✁ ✟✠✝✁ ✟✆ ✌✄☛✟✖✂✁ ✟✏✁ ✝✄✓✞✠✡✠✌✁✞✟

☞✄✞✍☎✌✄☛✁ ✒✠✟✏ ✝✔ ❍✄✞✍✔♦✄✝ ✛✂✆✝ ✫✆✟✔ ✒✁ ✒✁✞✟ ✆✞ ✟✆
❇✄✞✓✄☞✆✂✁

✜✏✄✟ ✄ ✌✆✞✟✂✄☎✟✘ ❚✏✁ ✞✆✠☎✁ ✄✞✍ ☛✆☞☞✖✟✠✆✞ ✆✡ ✟✏✠☎ ✆✞✌✁❲❛✁✄✖✟✠✡✖☞

✌✠✟✔ ✂✁✄☞☞✔ ❛✂✆✗✁ ✝✔ ✏✁✄✂✟

✢✣✤✥

✭✠✑✮ ❚✏✠☎ ✠☎ ✏✆✒ ❘✄❥ ✬✄☛✆✆✂ ✡✆✖✞✍ ✝✁ ✚ ✄☞☞ ✒✁✟ ✄✞✍ ✂✄✓✓✁✍

✆✖✟☎✠✍✁ ❘ ✬ ✯✟✖✍✠✆☎ ❍✁ ✒✄☎ ✟✏✁✞ ☞✆✆✗✠✞✓ ✡✆✂ ❥✖☎✟ ☎✆✝✁✆✞✁

☞✠✗✁ ✟✏✠☎ ✡✆✂ ✄ ☎✝✄☞☞ ✂✆☞✁ ✠✞ ✰✱✲✳ ✴✳✳✸ ✹✺✻✱✲✕ ✄✞✍ ✏✁ ✌✄☎✟
✝✁ ✆✞ ✟✏✁ ☎☛✆✟ ❚✏✁ ✂✁☎✟✕ ✄☎ ✟✏✁✔ ☎✄✔✕ ✠☎ ✏✠☎✟✆✂✔✘

✢✣✤✥
 ❲❘ ✁ ✂✄ ✥☎ ✆ ✝✥✆✞✟ ✥✠ ✆ ✞✡✆☛☛✟ ✠☞✞✆☎✌✡ ✡✍✎✡✞✥✡☎✏✡ ✑✒✞

✠✒s✡✒☎✡ ☛✥✓✡ s✡✔ ✕✒☞ ✒☎☛✟ ✖✡✏✆✗✠✡ ✘✙✚✡ ☎✡✚✡✞ ✛✞✥☞☞✡☎

✆☎✟☞❛✥☎✌ ✖✡✑✒✞✡✜ ✖✗☞ ✆☛✠✒ ✖✡✏✆✗✠✡ ✥☞ ✠✡✡s✠ ☞✒ s✡

☞❛ ✆☞ ☛✆ ☞✡ ✞ ✒☎ ☎ ✡✥ ☞❛✡ ✞ ✘ ☎✒✞ ✆☎ ✟✒☎ ✡ ✡ ☛✠ ✡ ✛✥☛☛ ✖✡

✥☎ ☞✡ ✞✡✠☞✡✝ ✥☎ ☞❛✡ s ✗✠✥☎✌✠ ✒✑ ✆ ☞❛✥✞☞✡✡☎ ❡✟✡✆✞ ❡✒ ☛✝

✠✏ ❛✒✒ ☛✌✥ ✞☛✔ ✢❛ ✛✡ ☛☛✜ ✥☞ ✝✒✡✠☎✙ ☞ s ✆☞☞✡ ✞✔ ✘ ✑✡✡ ☛ ☛✥✓✡

✛✞✥☞✥☎✌✜ ✆☎✝ ✘ ❛✆✚✡ ✆☎ ✡✚✡☎ ✌✞✡✆☞✡✞ ☎✡✡✝ ☞✒ ✌✡☞ ✆☛☛

✓✥☎✝✠ ✒✑ ☞❛✥☎✌✠ ✒✑✑ s✟ ✏❛✡✠☞✔

➅✣✆✎✡✞ ❛✆✠ s✒✞✡ ✎✆☞✥✡☎✏✡ ☞❛✆☎ ✎✡✒✎☛✡✔✙ ✘ ☞❛✒✗✌❛☞

✒✑ ☞❛✥✠ ✠✆✟✥☎✌ ✒☎ ✒☎✡ ✒✑ ☞❛✒✠✡ ✝✆✟✠ ✛❛✡☎ ✘ ✛✆✠ ✑✡✡☛✥☎✌

✆ ☛✥☞☞☛✡ ✝✡✎✞✡✠✠✡✝ ✆☎✝ ✛✆✠ ✠✥☞☞✥☎✌ ✆☞ ❛✒s✡ ✛✥☞❛ s✟

✏❛✥☎ ✥☎ s✟ ❛✆☎✝✠✜ ✖✒✞✡✝ ✆☎✝ ☛✥✠ ☞☛✡✠✠✜ ✛✒☎✝✡✞✥☎✌ listless

✛❛✡☞❛✡✞ ☞✒ ✠☞✆✟ ✥☎ ✒✞ ✌✒ ✒✗☞✔ ✘ ✑✥☎✆☛☛✟ ✠☞✆✟✡✝ ✛❛✡✞✡ ✘ with no energy or
interest
✛✆✠✜ ✖✞✒✒✝✥☎✌♦ ✤✡✠✜ ✎✆✎✡✞ ❞✦✧★ ❛✆✚✡ s✒✞✡ ✎✆☞✥✡☎✏✡✜

✆☎✝ ✠✥☎✏✡ ✘✙s ☎✒☞ ✎☛✆☎☎✥☎✌ ☞✒ ☛✡☞ ✆☎✟✒☎✡ ✡☛✠✡ ✞✡✆✝

☞❛✥✠ ✠☞✥✑✑❡✖✆✏✓✡✝ ☎✒☞✡✖✒✒✓ ✌✞✆☎✝☛✟ ✞✡✑✡✞✞✡✝ ☞✒ ✆✠ ✆

➅✝✥✆✞✟✙✜ ✗☎ ☛✡✠✠ ✘ ✠❛✒ ✗☛✝ ✡✚✡✞ ✑✥☎✝ ✆ ✞✡✆☛ ✑✞✥✡☎✝✜ ✥☞

First Flight

✎✞✒✖✆✖☛✟ ✛✒☎✙☞ s✆✓✡ ✆ ✖✥☞ ✒✑ ✝✥✑✑✡✞✡☎✏✡✔

✕✒✛ ✘✙s ✖ ✆✏✓ ☞✒ ☞❛✡ ✎✒✥☎☞ ☞❛✆☞ ✎ ✞✒s✎ ☞✡✝ s✡

☞✒ ✓✡✡✎ ✆ ✝✥✆✞✟ ✥☎ ☞❛✡ ✑✥✞✠ ☞ ✎ ☛✆✏✡♦ ✘ ✝✒☎✙ ☞ ❛✆✚✡ ✆

✑ ✞✥ ✡ ☎ ✝ ✔

▲✡☞ s✡ ✎ ✗☞ ✥☞ s✒ ✞✡ ✏☛✡✆✞☛✟✜ ✠✥☎✏✡ ☎✒ ✒☎✡ ✛✥☛☛

50 ✖✡☛✥✡✚✡ ☞❛✆☞ ✆ ☞❛✥✞☞✡✡☎❡✟✡✆✞ ❡✒☛✝ ✌✥✞☛ ✥✠ ✏✒s✎☛✡☞✡ ☛✟

✆☛✒☎✡ ✥☎ ☞❛✡ ✛✒✞☛✝✔ ✩☎✝ ✘✙s ☎✒☞✔ ✘ ❛✆✚✡ ☛✒✚✥☎✌ ✎✆✞✡☎☞✠

✆☎✝ ✆ ✠✥✍☞✡✡☎❡✟✡✆✞ ❡✒☛✝ ✠✥✠☞✡✞✜ ✆☎✝ ☞❛✡✞✡ ✆✞✡ ✆✖✒✗☞

☞❛✥ ✞☞✟ ✎✡✒✎ ☛✡ ✘ ✏ ✆☎ ✏ ✆☛☛ ✑✞✥✡☎✝✠✔ ✘ ❛✆✚✡ ✆ ✑✆s✥☛✟✜

☛✒✚✥☎✌ ✆✗☎☞✠ ✆☎✝ ✆ ✌✒✒✝ ❛✒s✡✔ ✕✒✜ ✒☎ ☞❛✡ ✠✗✞✑✆✏✡ ✘

✠✡✡s ☞✒ ❛✆✚✡ ✡✚✡✞✟☞❛✥☎✌✜ ✡✍✏✡✎☞ s✟ ✒☎✡ ☞✞✗✡ ✑✞✥✡☎✝✔

✩☛☛ ✘ ☞❛✥☎✓ ✆✖✒✗☞ ✛❛✡☎ ✘✙s ✛✥☞❛ ✑✞✥✡☎✝✠ ✥✠ ❛✆✚✥☎✌ ✆

✌✒✒✝ ☞✥s✡✔ ✘ ✏✆☎✙☞ ✖✞✥☎✌ s✟✠✡☛✑ ☞✒ ☞✆☛✓ ✆✖✒✗☞ ✆☎✟☞❛✥☎✌

✖✗☞ ✒✞✝✥☎✆✞✟ ✡✚✡✞✟✝✆✟ ☞❛✥☎✌✠✔ ❲✡ ✝✒☎✙☞ ✠✡✡s ☞✒ ✖✡

✆✖☛✡ ☞✒ ✌✡☞ ✆☎✟ ✏☛✒✠✡✞✜ ✆☎✝ ☞❛✆☞✙✠ ☞❛✡ ✎✞✒✖☛✡s✔ ✪✆✟✖✡

✥☞✙✠ s✟ ✑✆✗☛☞ ☞❛✆☞ ✛✡ ✝✒☎✙☞ ✏✒☎✑✥✝✡ ✥☎ ✡✆✏❛ ✒☞❛✡✞✔ ✘☎ confide

✆☎ ✟ ✏ ✆✠ ✡ ✜ ☞ ❛ ✆ ☞✙ ✠ ✫ ✗✠ ☞ ❛✒ ✛ ☞ ❛✥ ☎ ✌ ✠ ✆ ✞✡ ✜ ✆☎ ✝
to tell personal
things privately to a
✗☎✑✒✞☞✗☎✆☞✡☛✟ ☞❛✡✟✙✞✡ ☎✒☞ ☛✥✆✖☛✡ ☞✒ ✏❛✆☎✌✡✔ ✉❛✥✠ ✥✠
person that one
✛❛✟ ✘✙✚✡ ✠☞✆✞☞✡✝ ☞❛✡ ✝✥✆✞✟✔
trusts
✉✒ ✡☎❛✆☎✏✡ ☞❛✡ ✥s✆✌✡ ✒✑ ☞❛✥✠ ☛✒☎✌❡✆✛✆✥☞✡✝ ✑✞✥✡☎✝

✥☎ s✟ ✥s ✆✌✥☎✆☞✥✒☎ ✜ ✘ ✝✒☎✙☞ ✛ ✆☎ ☞ ☞✒ ✫✒ ☞ ✝✒✛☎ ☞❛✡

✑✆✏☞✠ ✥☎ ☞❛✥✠ ✝✥✆✞✟ ☞❛✡ ✛✆✟ s✒✠☞ ✎✡✒✎☛✡ ✛✒✗☛✝ ✝✒✜

✖✗☞ ✘ ✛✆☎☞ ☞❛✡ ✝✥✆✞✟ ☞✒ ✖✡ s✟ ✑✞✥✡☎✝✜ ✆☎✝ ✘✙s ✌✒✥☎✌

☞✒ ✏✆☛☛ ☞❛✥✠ ✑✞✥✡☎✝ ➅t✥☞☞✟✙✔

 Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄✁☎✆✝ ✞✟✠✂✠✡☛ ✠✡ ✁ ☞✠✁✟✌ ✁ ✝✂✟✁✡☛✆ ✆✍✎✆✟✠✆✡✏✆ ✑✒✟ ✓✡✡✆ ✔✟✁✡☎✕
✷✳ ❲ ✌ ☞✒✆✝ ✓✡✡✆ ✞✁✡✂ ✂✒ ☎✆✆✎ ✁ ☞✠✁✟✌✕
✸✳ ❲ ✌ ☞✠☞ ✓✡✡✆ ✂ ✠✡☎ ✝ ✆ ✏✒✖✗☞ ✏✒✡✑✠☞✆ ✄✒✟✆ ✠✡ ✆✟ ☞✠✁✟✌ ✂ ✁✡ ✠✡ ✎✆✒✎✗✆✕
❙✘✙✚✛ ✙✜ ✜✙✛ ✢✜✣✤✥ ✣✙✥✛✦✧★✩✙✥ ✩ ✢✜✦✥ ✜✪ ✫✬
✧★✜✦✘✛✧ ★✜ s✘★★✬ ✘✪ ✭ ✢✛✦✛ ★✜ ✮✤✣✙✯✛ ✦✘✯✰★ ✘✙✱ ✭✲✥ ✴✛★★✛✦
✮✦✜♣✘✥✛ ✩ ✴✦✘✛✪ ✧✵✛★✚✰ ✜✪ ✫✬ ✤✘✪✛✱ ✫✣✚✰ ✩✧ ✭ ✥✘✧✤✘✵✛
✥✜✘✙✯ ✧✜❞
▼✬ ✪✩★✰✛✦✱ ★✰✛ ✫✜✧★ ✩✥✜✦✩✴✤✛ ✪✩★✰✛✦ ✭✲♣✛ ✛♣✛✦ ✧✛✛✙✱
✥✘✥✙✲★ ✫✩✦✦✬ ✫✬ ✫✜★✰✛✦ ✣✙★✘✤ ✰✛ ✢✩✧ ★✰✘✦★✬✹✧✘✺ ✩✙✥
✧✰✛ ✢✩✧ ★✢✛✙★✬✹✪✘♣✛❞ ▼✬ ✧✘✧★✛✦✱ ▼✩✦✯✜★✱ ✢✩✧ ✴✜✦✙
✘✙ ✐✦✩✙✵✪✣✦★ ✘✙ ✻✛✦✫✩✙✬ ✘✙ ✼✽✾✿❞ ✭ ✢✩✧ ✴✜✦✙ ✜✙ ✼✾
❏✣✙✛ ✼✽✾✽❞ ✭ ✤✘♣✛✥ ✘✙ ✐✦✩✙✵✪✣✦★ ✣✙★✘✤ ✭ ✢✩✧ ✪✜✣✦❞ ▼✬
✪✩★✰✛✦ ✛✫✘✯✦✩★✛✥ ★✜ ❢✜✤✤✩✙✥ ✘✙ ✼✽❀❀❞ ▼✬ ✫✜★✰✛✦✱
❊✥✘★✰ ❢✜✤✤✩✙✥✛✦ ✐✦✩✙✵✱ ✢✛✙★ ✢✘★✰ ✰✘✫ ★✜ ❢✜✤✤✩✙✥
✘✙ ❙✛✮★✛✫✴✛✦✱ ✢✰✘✤✛ ▼✩✦✯✜★ ✩✙✥ ✭ ✢✛✦✛ ✧✛✙★ ★✜
❆✩✚✰✛✙ ★✜ ✧★✩✬ ✢✘★✰ ✜✣✦ ✯✦✩✙✥✫✜★✰✛✦❞ ▼✩✦✯✜★ ✢✛✙★
★✜ ❢✜✤✤✩✙✥ ✘✙ t✛✚✛✫✴✛✦✱ ✩✙✥ ✭ ✪✜✤✤✜✢✛✥ ✘✙ ✐✛✴✦✣✩✦✬✱
✢✰✛✙ ✭ ✢✩✧ ✮✤✣✙✵✛✥ ✥✜✢✙ ✜✙ ★✰✛ ★✩✴✤✛ ✩✧ ✩ ✴✘✦★✰✥✩✬ plunked down (an
✮✦✛✧✛✙★ ✪✜✦ ▼✩✦✯✜★❞ informal word)
51
✭ ✧★✩✦★✛✥ ✦✘✯✰★ ✩✢✩✬ ✩★ ★✰✛ ▼✜✙★✛✧✧✜✦✘ ✙✣✦✧✛✦✬ put down in a casual
way
✧✚✰✜✜✤❞ ✭ ✧★✩✬✛✥ ★✰✛✦✛ ✣✙★✘✤ ✭ ✢✩✧ ✧✘✺✱ ✩★ ✢✰✘✚✰ ★✘✫✛
✭ ✧★✩✦★✛✥ ✘✙ ★✰✛ ✪✘✦✧★ ✪✜✦✫❞ ✭✙ ★✰✛ ✧✘✺★✰ ✪✜✦✫ ✫✬
★✛✩✚✰✛✦ ✢✩✧ ▼✦✧ s✣✮✛✦✣✧✱ ★✰✛ ✰✛✩✥✫✘✧★✦✛✧✧❞ ❆★ ★✰✛
✛✙✥ ✜✪ ★✰✛ ✬✛✩✦ ✢✛ ✢✛✦✛ ✴✜★✰ ✘✙ ★✛✩✦✧ ✩✧ ✢✛ ✧✩✘✥ ✩
✰✛✩✦★✴✦✛✩✵✘✙✯ ✪✩✦✛✢✛✤✤❞
✭✙ ★✰✛ ✧✣✫✫✛✦ ✜✪ ✼✽■✼ ✻✦✩✙✥✫✩ ✪✛✤✤ ✘✤✤ ✩✙✥ ✰✩✥

From the Diary of Anne Frank

★✜ ✰✩♣✛ ✩✙ ✜✮✛✦✩★✘✜✙✱ ✧✜ ✫✬ ✴✘✦★✰✥✩✬ ✮✩✧✧✛✥ ✢✘★✰
✤✘★★✤✛ ✚✛✤✛✴✦✩★✘✜✙❞
✻✦✩✙✥✫✩ ✥✘✛✥ ✘✙ ❏✩✙✣✩✦✬ ✼✽■✾❞ ●✜ ✜✙✛ ✵✙✜✢✧
✰✜✢ ✜✪★✛✙ ✭ ★✰✘✙✵ ✜✪ ✰✛✦ ✩✙✥ ✧★✘✤✤ ✤✜♣✛ ✰✛✦❞ ❁✰✘✧
✴✘✦★✰✥✩✬ ✚✛✤✛✴✦✩★✘✜✙ ✘✙ ✼✽■✾ ✢✩✧ ✘✙★✛✙✥✛✥ ★✜ ✫✩✵✛
✣✮ ✪✜✦ ★✰✛ ✜★✰✛✦✱ ✩✙✥ ✻✦✩✙✥✫✩✲✧ ✚✩✙✥✤✛ ✢✩✧ ✤✘★ ✩✤✜✙✯
✢✘★✰ ★✰✛ ✦✛✧★❞
❁✰✛ ✪✜✣✦ ✜✪ ✣✧ ✩✦✛ ✧★✘✤✤ ✥✜✘✙✯ ✢✛✤✤✱ ✩✙✥ ★✰✩★ ✴✦✘✙✯✧
✫✛ ★✜ ★✰✛ ✮✦✛✧✛✙★ ✥✩★✛ ✜✪ ✾♠ ❏✣✙✛ ✼✽■✾✱ ✩✙✥ ★✰✛
✧✜✤✛✫✙ ✥✛✥✘✚✩★✘✜✙ ✜✪ ✫✬ ✥✘✩✦✬❞
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲ ✌ ☞✒✆✝ ✓✡✡✆ ✎✟✒❂✠☞✆ ✁ ❃✟✠✆✑ ✝☎✆✂✏ ✒✑ ✆✟ ✗✠✑✆✕
✷✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✂✆✗✗✝ ✌✒✖ ✂ ✁✂ ✓✡✡✆ ✗✒❂✆☞ ✆✟ ☛✟✁✡☞✄✒✂ ✆✟✕
 ❙ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✝ ✞✟ ✠✂✡☛ ☞✌✍✞
❉✎✏✑✎✒✓ ✔✕✓✓✖✗
❖✘✑ ✎✙✓✕✑✎ ✚✛✏✒✒ ✕✒ ✜✘✏✢✕✙✣ ✕✙ ✕✓✒ ✤✥✥✓✒✦ ✧★✎ quaking in its boots
✑✎✏✒✥✙✗ ✥r ✚✥✘✑✒✎✗ ✕✒ ✓★✎ r✥✑✓★✚✥✩✕✙✣ ✩✎✎✓✕✙✣ ✕✙ shaking with fear
and nervousness
✇★✕✚★ ✓★✎ ✓✎✏✚★✎✑✒ ✪✎✚✕✪✎ ✇★✥✫✛✛ ✩✥✬✎ ✘✭ ✓✥ ✓★✎
✙✎♥✓ r✥✑✩ ✏✙✪ ✇★✥✫✛✛ ✤✎ ✢✎✭✓ ✤✏✚✢✦ ✮✏✛r ✓★✎ ✚✛✏✒✒ ✕✒
✩✏✢✕✙✣ ✤✎✓✒✦ ♠✦✯✦ ✏✙✪ ✰ ✛✏✘✣★ ✥✘✑✒✎✛✬✎✒ ✒✕✛✛✖ ✏✓ ✓★✎
✓✇✥ ✤✥✖✒ ✤✎★✕✙✪ ✘✒✗ t✦✯✦ ✏✙✪ ✱✏✚✜✘✎✒✗ ✇★✥ ★✏✬✎
✒✓✏✢✎✪ ✓★✎✕✑ ✎✙✓✕✑✎ ★✥✛✕✪✏✖ ✒✏✬✕✙✣✒ ✥✙ ✓★✎✕✑ ✤✎✓✦
❋✑✥✩ ✩✥✑✙✕✙✣ ✓✥ ✙✕✣★✓✗ ✕✓✫✒ ✲✳✥✘✫✑✎ ✣✥✕✙✣ ✓✥ ✭✏✒✒❡✗
✲✯✥✗ ✰✫✩ ✙✥✓❡✗ ✲✳✎✒✗ ✖✥✘ ✏✑✎❡✗ ✲✯✥✗ ✰✫✩ ✙✥✓❡✦ ✴✬✎✙ ♠✦✫✒
✭✛✎✏✪✕✙✣ ✣✛✏✙✚✎✒ ✏✙✪ ✩✖ ✏✙✣✑✖ ✥✘✓✤✘✑✒✓✒ ✚✏✙✫✓ ✚✏✛✩
✓★✎✩ ✪✥✇✙✦ ✰r ✖✥✘ ✏✒✢ ✩✎✗ ✓★✎✑✎ ✏✑✎ ✒✥ ✩✏✙✖
✪✘✩✩✕✎✒ ✓★✏✓ ✏✤✥✘✓ ✏ ✜✘✏✑✓✎✑ ✥r ✓★✎ ✚✛✏✒✒ ✒★✥✘✛✪
✤✎ ✢✎✭✓ ✤✏✚✢✗ ✤✘✓ ✓✎✏✚★✎✑✒ ✏✑✎ ✓★✎ ✩✥✒✓
✘✙✭✑✎✪✕✚✓✏✤✛✎ ✚✑✎✏✓✘✑✎✒ ✥✙ ✎✏✑✓★✦
✰✫✩ ✙✥✓ ✒✥ ✇✥✑✑✕✎✪ ✏✤✥✘✓ ✩✖ ✣✕✑✛r✑✕✎✙✪✒ ✏✙✪
First Flight

✩✖✒✎✛r✦ ✵✎✫✛✛ ✩✏✢✎ ✕✓✦ ✧★✎ ✥✙✛✖ ✒✘✤✶✎✚✓ ✰✫✩ ✙✥✓ ✒✘✑✎
✏✤✥✘✓ ✕✒ ✩✏✓★✒✦ ❛✙✖✇✏✖✗ ✏✛✛ ✇✎ ✚✏✙ ✪✥ ✕✒ ✇✏✕✓✦ ✷✙✓✕✛
✓★✎✙✗ ✇✎ ✢✎✎✭ ✓✎✛✛✕✙✣ ✎✏✚★ ✥✓★✎✑ ✙✥✓ ✓✥ ✛✥✒✎ ★✎✏✑✓✦
✰ ✣✎✓ ✏✛✥✙✣ ✭✑✎✓✓✖ ✇✎✛✛ ✇✕✓★ ✏✛✛ ✩✖ ✓✎✏✚★✎✑✒✦ ✧★✎✑✎
✏✑✎ ✙✕✙✎ ✥r ✓★✎✩✗ ✒✎✬✎✙ ✩✎✙ ✏✙✪ ✓✇✥ ✇✥✩✎✙✦ ✸✑
52 ✔✎✎✒✕✙✣✗ ✓★✎ ✥✛✪ r✥✣✎✖ ✇★✥ ✓✎✏✚★✎✒ ✩✏✓★✒✗ ✇✏✒ old fogey
✏✙✙✥✖✎✪ ✇✕✓★ ✩✎ r✥✑ ✏✣✎✒ ✤✎✚✏✘✒✎ ✰ ✓✏✛✢✎✪ ✒✥ ✩✘✚★✦ an old-fashioned
person
❛r✓✎✑ ✒✎✬✎✑✏✛ ✇✏✑✙✕✙✣✒✗ ★✎ ✏✒✒✕✣✙✎✪ ✩✎ ✎♥✓✑✏
★✥✩✎✇✥✑✢✦ ❛✙ ✎✒✒✏✖ ✥✙ ✓★✎ ✒✘✤✶✎✚✓✗ ❤❛ t★✏✓✓✎✑✤✥♥✫✦
❛ ✚★✏✓✓✎✑✤✥♥ ❆ ✇★✏✓ ✚✏✙ ✖✥✘ ✇✑✕✓✎ ✏✤✥✘✓ ✓★✏✓✹ ✰✫✪
✇✥✑✑✖ ✏✤✥✘✓ ✓★✏✓ ✛✏✓✎✑✗ ✰ ✪✎✚✕✪✎✪✦ ✰ ✶✥✓✓✎✪ ✪✥✇✙ ✓★✎
✓✕✓✛✎ ✕✙ ✩✖ ✙✥✓✎✤✥✥✢✗ ✓✘✚✢✎✪ ✕✓ ✕✙ ✩✖ ✤✏✣ ✏✙✪ ✓✑✕✎✪
✓✥ ✢✎✎✭ ✜✘✕✎✓✦
✧★✏✓ ✎✬✎✙✕✙✣✗ ✏r✓✎✑ ✰✫✪ r✕✙✕✒★✎✪ ✓★✎ ✑✎✒✓ ✥r ✩✖
★✥✩✎✇✥✑✢✗ ✓★✎ ✙✥✓✎ ✏✤✥✘✓ ✓★✎ ✎✒✒✏✖ ✚✏✘✣★✓ ✩✖ ✎✖✎✦
✰ ✤✎✣✏✙ ✓★✕✙✢✕✙✣ ✏✤✥✘✓ ✓★✎ ✒✘✤✶✎✚✓ ✇★✕✛✎ ✚★✎✇✕✙✣
✓★✎ ✓✕✭ ✥r ✩✖ r✥✘✙✓✏✕✙ ✭✎✙✦ ❛✙✖✥✙✎ ✚✥✘✛✪ ✑✏✩✤✛✎ ✥✙ ramble on
✏✙✪ ✛✎✏✬✎ ✤✕✣ ✒✭✏✚✎✒ ✤✎✓✇✎✎✙ ✓★✎ ✇✥✑✪✒✗ ✤✘✓ ✓★✎ talk or write
aimlessly for long
✓✑✕✚✢ ✇✏✒ ✓✥ ✚✥✩✎ ✘✭ ✇✕✓★ ✚✥✙✬✕✙✚✕✙✣ ✏✑✣✘✩✎✙✓✒ ✓✥
✭✑✥✬✎ ✓★✎ ✙✎✚✎✒✒✕✓✖ ✥r ✓✏✛✢✕✙✣✦ ✰ ✓★✥✘✣★✓ ✏✙✪ convincing
✓★✥✘✣★✓✗ ✏✙✪ ✒✘✪✪✎✙✛✖ ✰ ★✏✪ ✏✙ ✕✪✎✏✦ ✰ ✇✑✥✓✎ ✓★✎ argument
a statement made in
✓★✑✎✎ ✭✏✣✎✒ ✸✑ ✔✎✎✒✕✙✣ ★✏✪ ✏✒✒✕✣✙✎✪ ✩✎ ✏✙✪ ✇✏✒ such a manner that
✒✏✓✕✒r✕✎✪✦ ✰ ✏✑✣✘✎✪ ✓★✏✓ ✓✏✛✢✕✙✣ ✕✒ ✏ ✒✓✘✪✎✙✓✫✒ ✓✑✏✕✓ people believe it
✏✙✪ ✓★✏✓ ✰ ✇✥✘✛✪ ✪✥ ✩✖ ✤✎✒✓ ✓✥ ✢✎✎✭ ✕✓ ✘✙✪✎✑ ✚✥✙✓✑✥✛✗
❜ ✁ ✁✂✄✁ ☎ ✆✝ ✞✟ ✠✡☛✡☞ ❜✡ ✄❜✞✡ ✁✝ ✌ ☞✡ ✍✎✏✡✞✑ ✝✑ ✁✂✡
✂✄❜❤✁ ✏❤✠✌✡ ✍✎ ✍✝✁✂✡☞ ✁✄✞✒✡✟ ✄✏ ✍ ✌✂ ✄✏ ☎ ✟❤✟ ❤✑
✠✝✁ ✍✝☞✡♥ ✄✠✟ ✁✂✄✁ ✁✂✡☞✡✓✏ ✠✝✁ ✍ ✌✂ ✎✝ ✌✄✠ ✟✝
✄❜✝ ✁ ❤✠✂✡☞❤✁✡✟ ✁☞✄❤✁✏✐ inherited traits
▼☞ ✔✡✡✏❤✠✕ ✂✄✟ ✄ ✕✝✝✟ ✞✄ ✕✂ ✄✁ ✍✎ ✄☞✕ ✍✡✠✁✏♥ qualities (physical or
❜ ✁ ✆✂✡✠ ☎ ✖☞✝✌✡✡✟✡✟ ✁✝ ✁✄✞✒ ✍✎ ✆✄✎ ✁✂☞✝ ✕✂ ✁✂✡ mental) that one gets
from one’s parents
✠✡✗✁ ✞✡✏✏✝✠♥ ✂✡ ✄✏✏❤✕✠✡✟ ✍✡ ✄ ✏✡✌✝✠✟ ✡✏✏✄✎✐ ✘✂❤✏
✁❤✍✡ ❤✁ ✆✄✏ ✏ ✖✖✝✏✡✟ ✁✝ ❜✡ ✝✠ t✙✠ ☎✠✌✝☞☞❤✕❤❜✞✡ incorrigible
❈✂✄✁✁✡☞❜✝✗✓✐ ☎ ✂✄✠✟✡✟ ❤✁ ❤✠♥ ✄✠✟ ▼☞ ✔✡✡✏❤✠✕ ✂✄✟ something that
✠✝✁✂❤✠✕ ✁✝ ✌✝✍✖✞✄❤✠ ✄❜✝ ✁ ✑✝☞ ✁✆✝ ✆✂✝✞✡ ✞✡✏✏✝✠✏✐ cannot be corrected
❍✝✆✡☛✡☞♥ ✟ ☞❤✠✕ ✁✂✡ ✁✂❤☞✟ ✞✡✏✏✝✠ ✂✡✓✟ ✑❤✠✄✞✞✎ ✂✄✟ (usually a bad
quality)
✡✠✝ ✕✂✐ ❡✙✠✠✡ ✚☞✄✠✒♥ ✄✏ ✖ ✠❤✏✂✍✡✠✁ ✑✝☞ ✁✄✞✒❤✠✕ ❤✠
✌✞✄✏✏♥ ✆☞❤✁✡ ✄✠ ✡✏✏✄✎ ✡✠✁❤✁✞✡✟ ❝ t✛ ✄✌✒♥ ✛ ✄✌✒♥
✛ ✄✌✒♥ ◗✄❤✟ ▼❤✏✁☞✡✏✏ ❈✂✄✁✁✡☞❜✝✗✓✐✜

53

From the Diary of Anne Frank

✘✂✡ ✌✞✄✏✏ ☞✝✄☞✡✟✐ ☎ ✂✄✟ ✁✝ ✞✄ ✕✂ ✁✝✝♥ ✁✂✝ ✕✂ ☎✓✟
✠✡✄☞✞✎ ✡✗✂✄ ✏✁✡✟ ✍✎ ❤✠✕✡✠ ❤✁✎ ✝✠ ✁✂✡ ✁✝✖❤✌ ✝✑ ingenuity
✌✂✄✁✁✡☞❜✝✗✡✏✐ ☎✁ ✆✄✏ ✁❤✍✡ ✁✝ ✌✝✍✡ ✖ ✆❤✁✂ originality and
✏✝✍✡✁✂❤✠✕ ✡✞✏✡♥ ✏✝✍✡✁✂❤✠✕ ✝☞❤✕❤✠✄✞✐ ▼✎ ✑☞❤✡✠✟♥ inventiveness

◗✄✠✠✡♥ ✆✂✝✓✏ ✕✝✝✟ ✄✁ ✖✝✡✁☞✎♥ ✝✑✑✡☞✡✟ ✁✝ ✂✡✞✖ ✍✡ ✆☞❤✁✡

✁✂✡ ✡✏✏✄✎ ✑☞✝✍ ❜✡✕❤✠✠❤✠✕ ✁✝ ✡✠✟ ❤✠ ☛✡☞✏✡ ✄✠✟ ☎
❥ ✍✖✡✟ ✑✝☞ ❥✝✎✐ ▼☞ ✔✡✡✏❤✠✕ ✆✄✏ ✁☞✎❤✠✕ ✁✝ ✖✞✄✎ ✄
❥✝✒✡ ✝✠ ✍✡ ✆❤✁✂ ✁✂❤✏ ☞❤✟❤✌ ✞✝ ✏ ✏ ❜❥✡✌✁♥ ❜ ✁ ☎✓✟ ✍✄✒✡
✏ ☞✡ ✁✂✡ ❥✝✒✡ ✆✄✏ ✝✠ ✂❤✍✐
☎ ✑❤✠❤✏✂✡✟ ✍✎ ✖✝✡✍♥ ✄✠✟ ❤✁ ✆✄✏ ❜✡✄ ✁❤✑ ✞■ ☎✁ ✆✄✏
✄❜✝ ✁ ✄ ✍✝✁✂✡☞ ✟ ✌✒ ✄✠✟ ✄ ✑✄✁✂✡☞ ✏✆✄✠ ✆❤✁✂ ✁✂☞✡✡
❜✄❜✎ ✟ ✌✒✞❤✠✕✏ ✆✂✝ ✆✡☞✡ ❜❤✁✁✡✠ ✁✝ ✟✡✄✁✂ ❜✎ ✁✂✡
✑✄✁✂✡☞ ❜✡✌✄ ✏✡ ✁✂✡✎ ❢ ✄✌✒✡✟ ✁✝✝ ✍ ✌✂✐ ✢ ✌✒❤✞✎♥ ▼☞
✔✡✡✏❤✠✕ ✁✝✝✒ ✁✂✡ ❥✝✒✡ ✁✂✡ ☞❤✕✂✁ ✆✄✎✐ ❍✡ ☞✡✄✟ ✁✂✡
 ♣ ✁✂ ✄ ✄☎✁ ✆✝✞✟✟✠ ✞✡✡☛☞✌ ☎☛✟ ✍☞ ✆ ✂✂✁☞✄✟✠ ✞☞✡
✄ ✟✁t✁✎✞✝ ✄☎✁✎ ✆✝✞✟✟✁✟ ✞✟ ✍✁✝✝✏ ✑☛☞✆✁ ✄☎✁☞ ✒✓t✁ ✔✁✁☞
✞✝✝ ✍✁✡ ✄ ✄✞✝❛ ✞☞✡ ☎✞t✁☞✓✄ ✔✁✁☞ ✞✟✟☛✌☞✁✡ ✞☞✕ ✁✖✄✎✞
☎ ✂✁✍ ✎❛✏ ❤☞ ✄☎✁ ✆ ☞✄✎✞✎✕✠ ✗✎ ✘✁✁✟☛☞✌✓✟ ✞✝✍✞✕✟
✂✞❛☛☞✌ ♠ ❛✁✟ ✄☎✁✟✁ ✡✞✕✟✏
❨ ♦✎✟✠
❆☞☞✁
❬✙✚✛✜✢✣✛✤✥ ✦✜✧★ ❚✩✪ ✫✬✭✮✯ ✰✱ ✭ ✲✰✳✴✵ ✶✬✮✷✸
✇✹✛✺ ✻✼✹✽✺✛ ✢✥✢✾✛✢✛✹✧✿❀
Oral Comprehension Check
❁❂ ❲✺❃ ✇✢✻ ❄✜ ❅✤✤✻✹✿✽ ✢✿✿✧❃✤✥ ✇✹✛✺ ❇✿✿✤❈ ❲✺✢✛ ✥✹✥ ✺✤ ✢✻❉ ✺✤✜ ✛✧ ✥✧❈
❊❂ ❍✧✇ ✥✹✥ ❇✿✿✤ ❋●✻✛✹✦❃ ✺✤✜ ■✤✹✿✽ ✢ ✣✺✢✛✛✤✜■✧✚ ✹✿ ✺✤✜ ✤✻✻✢❃❈
❏❂ ❑✧ ❃✧● ✛✺✹✿❉ ❄✜ ❅✤✤✻✹✿✽ ✇✢✻ ✢ ✻✛✜✹✣✛ ✛✤✢✣✺✤✜❈
▲❂ ❲✺✢✛ ★✢✥✤ ❄✜ ❅✤✤✻✹✿✽ ✢✼✼✧✇ ❇✿✿✤ ✛✧ ✛✢✼❉ ✹✿ ✣✼✢✻✻❈
First Flight

▼◆ ❖P◗ ❘❙❙❯ ❱❳❩❭❪ ❫❭❯❙ ◗❭❯ ◗P❳❴ ❪❭P❪ ❪❭❯ ❫❵❱❜❴ ❫❵❝❜❴ ❙❵❪ ❞❯ ❳❙❪❯❱❯◗❪❯❴ ❳❙ ❪❭❯
❡❝◗❳❙❩◗ ❵❢ P ❪❭❳❱❪❯❯❙❣✐❯P❱❣❵❜❴ ❩❳❱❜❥
54 ❦◆ ❧❭❯❱❯ P❱❯ ◗❵❡❯ ❯♥P❡q❜❯◗ ❵❢ ❴❳P❱✐ ❵❱ r❵❝❱❙P❜ ❯❙❪❱❳❯◗ ❳❙ ❪❭❯ s✉❯❢❵❱❯ ✈❵❝ ①❯P❴②
◗❯③❪❳❵❙◆ ④❵❡qP❱❯ ❪❭❯◗❯ ❫❳❪❭ ❫❭P❪ ❘❙❙❯ ❫❱❳❪❯◗ ❳❙ ❭❯❱ ❴❳P❱✐◆ ❖❭P❪ ❜P❙❩❝P❩❯
❫P◗ ❪❭❯ ❴❳P❱✐ ❵❱❳❩❳❙P❜❜✐ ❫❱❳❪❪❯❙ ❳❙❥ ⑤❙ ❫❭P❪ ❫P✐ ❳◗ ❘❙❙❯②◗ ❴❳P❱✐ ❴❳❢❢❯❱❯❙❪❥
⑥◆ ❖❭✐ ❴❵❯◗ ❘❙❙❯ ❙❯❯❴ ❪❵ ❩❳⑦❯ P ❞❱❳❯❢ ◗⑧❯❪③❭ P❞❵❝❪ ❭❯❱ ❢P❡❳❜✐❥ ⑨❵❯◗ ◗❭❯ ❪❱❯P❪
s➅❳❪❪✐② P◗ P❙ ❳❙◗❳❴❯❱ ❵❱ P❙ ❵❝❪◗❳❴❯❱❥
⑩◆ ❶❵❫ ❴❵❯◗ ❘❙❙❯ ❢❯❯❜ P❞❵❝❪ ❭❯❱ ❢P❪❭❯❱❷ ❭❯❱ ❩❱P❙❴❡❵❪❭❯❱❷ ❸❱◗ ➅❝q❯❱❝◗ P❙❴
❸❱ ➅❯❯◗❳❙❩❥ ❖❭P❪ ❴❵ ❪❭❯◗❯ ❪❯❜❜ ✐❵❝ P❞❵❝❪ ❭❯❱❥
❹◆ ❖❭P❪ ❴❵❯◗ ❘❙❙❯ ❫❱❳❪❯ ❳❙ ❭❯❱ ❢❳❱◗❪ ❯◗◗P✐❥
❺◆ ❘❙❙❯ ◗P✐◗ ❪❯P③❭❯❱◗ P❱❯ ❡❵◗❪ ❝❙q❱❯❴❳③❪P❞❜❯◆ ⑤◗ ❸❱ ➅❯❯◗❳❙❩ ❝❙q❱❯❴❳③❪P❞❜❯❥
❶❵❫❥
❻◆ ❖❭P❪ ❴❵ ❪❭❯◗❯ ◗❪P❪❯❡❯❙❪◗ ❪❯❜❜ ✐❵❝ P❞❵❝❪ ❘❙❙❯ ❼❱P❙⑧ P◗ P q❯❱◗❵❙❥
❽❳❾ ❖❯ ❴❵❙②❪ ◗❯❯❡ ❪❵ ❞❯ P❞❜❯ ❪❵ ❩❯❪ P❙✐ ③❜❵◗❯❱❷ P❙❴ ❪❭P❪②◗ ❪❭❯ q❱❵❞❜❯❡◆ ❸P✐❞❯
❳❪②◗ ❡✐ ❢P❝❜❪ ❪❭P❪ ❫❯ ❴❵❙②❪ ③❵❙❢❳❴❯ ❳❙ ❯P③❭ ❵❪❭❯❱◆
❽❳❳❾ ⑤ ❴❵❙②❪ ❫P❙❪ ❪❵ r❵❪ ❴❵❫❙ ❪❭❯ ❢P③❪◗ ❳❙ ❪❭❳◗ ❴❳P❱✐ ❪❭❯ ❫P✐ ❡❵◗❪ q❯❵q❜❯
❫❵❝❜❴❷ ❞❝❪ ⑤ ❫P❙❪ ❪❭❯ ❴❳P❱✐ ❪❵ ❞❯ ❡✐ ❢❱❳❯❙❴◆
❽❳❳❳❾ ❸P❱❩❵❪ ❫❯❙❪ ❪❵ ❶❵❜❜P❙❴ ❳❙ ⑨❯③❯❡❞❯❱❷ P❙❴ ⑤ ❢❵❜❜❵❫❯❴ ❳❙ ❼❯❞❱❝P❱✐❷ ❫❭❯❙
⑤ ❫P◗ q❜❝❙⑧❯❴ ❴❵❫❙ ❵❙ ❪❭❯ ❪P❞❜❯ P◗ P ❞❳❱❪❭❴P✐ q❱❯◗❯❙❪ ❢❵❱ ❸P❱❩❵❪◆
❽❳⑦❾ ⑤❢ ✐❵❝ P◗⑧ ❡❯❷ ❪❭❯❱❯ P❱❯ ◗❵ ❡P❙✐ ❴❝❡❡❳❯◗ ❪❭P❪ P❞❵❝❪ P ❿❝P❱❪❯❱ ❵❢ ❪❭❯
③❜P◗◗ ◗❭❵❝❜❴ ❞❯ ⑧❯q❪ ❞P③⑧❷ ❞❝❪ ❪❯P③❭❯❱◗ P❱❯ ❪❭❯ ❡❵◗❪ ❝❙q❱❯❴❳③❪P❞❜❯
③❱❯P❪❝❱❯◗ ❵❙ ❯P❱❪❭◆
 ✭✈✮ ❆ ✁✂ ✄ ☎✂✆✝✞ ✟✠✡☛✝✄ ✂ ✠ ✞ ✝✄✠✈✄ ☛☞✌ ✍✎✠☎✄✍ ☛✄✏✑✄✄ ✏✒✄ ✑✂✟✞✍✓ ☛✆✏
✏✒✄ ✏✟☞☎t ✑✠✍ ✏✂ ☎✂✡✄ ✆✎ ✑☞✏✒ ☎✂ ✈☞ ☎☞ ✌ ✠✟✌✆✡✄ ✏✍ ✏✂ ✎✟✂✈✄ ✏✒✄ ✄☎✄✍✍☞✏✁
✂♦ ✏✠✝t☞ ✌✔

■✔ ▲✂✂t ✠✏ ✏✒✄ ♦✂✝✝✂✑☞ ✌ ✑✂✟✞✍✔

✒✄✠✞✡☞✍✏✟✄✍✍ ✝✂ ✌❧✠✑✠☞✏✄✞ ✒✂✡✄✑✂✟t
✂✏✄☛✂✂t ✍✏☞♦♦❧☛✠☎t✄✞ ✂✆✏☛✆✟✍✏✍
❚✒✄✍✄ ✑✂✟✞✍ ✠✟✄ ☎✂✡✎✂✆ ✞ ✑✂✟✞✍✔ ❚✒✄✁ ✠✟✄ ✡✠✞✄ ✆✎ ✂♦ ✏✑✂ ✂✟ ✡✂✟✄ ✑✂✟✞✍✔
❈✂✡✎✂✆ ✞ ✑✂✟✞✍ ☎✠ ☛✄✕
⑩ ✂✆ ✍✕ ✥✖✗✘✙✚✛✜✢✖✛✛✣ ✥✤✙✖✦✤✢✧✣ ★✤✜✖✩✤✤✧✣ ✤✪✜✩✪✢✛✜✛
⑩ ✠✞❛✄☎✏☞✈✄✍✕ ✫✤★✬✯✗✦✗✚✜✖✘✣ ✛✜✚✰✰✯✩✗✱✧✖✘
⑩ ✈✄✟☛✍✕ ✛✫✖✖✲✯✦✗✫✧✣ ✩✗✩✳✯✛✚✜
▼✴✵✶✷ ✵✷✸ ✶✹✺✻✹✼✽✾ ✿✹❀✾❁ ✼✽✾✸❀ ❂❃❄ ✿❅✵✷ ✵✷✸❅❀ ✺✸✴✽❅✽❇❁ ✼✽✾✸❀ ❂❉❄❊
❯❁✸ ✸✴✶✷ ❅✽ ✴ ❁✸✽✵✸✽✶✸❊
❳ ❨
❋✔ ❍✄✠✟✏☛✟✄✠t☞ ✌ ➊ ✂☛✄✁☞ ✌ ✠ ✞ ✟✄✍✎✄☎✏☞ ✌ ✏✒✄ ✝✠✑
●✔ ❍✂✡✄✍☞☎t ➊ ✏✒☞ t ✠☛✂✆✏ ✎✝✄✠✍✠ ✏ ✏✒☞ ✌✍✓ ♦✂✟✌✄✏✏☞ ✌ ✠☛✂✆✏ ✏✒✄
✎✟✄✍✄ ✏ 55
❏✔ ❑✝✂☎t✒✄✠✞ ➊ ✍✂✡✄✏✒☞ ✌ ✎✟✂✞✆☎✄✞ ☛✁ ✠ ✎✄✟✍✂ ✓ ✡✠☎✒☞ ✄ ✂✟
✂✟✌✠ ☞✍✠✏☞✂
◆✔ ▲✠✑❧✠☛☞✞☞ ✌ ➊ ✎✟✂✞✆☎☞ ✌ ✌✟✄✠✏ ✍✠✞ ✄✍✍
❖✔ P✈✄✟✞✂ ➊ ✠ ✂☎☎✠✍☞✂ ✑✒✄ ✈✄✒☞☎✝✄✍◗✡✠☎✒☞ ✄✍ ✍✏✂✎ ✑✂✟t☞ ✌
❘✔ ❙✠✁✞✟✄✠✡ ➊ ✠ ☞ ♦✂✟✡✠✝ ✑✂✟✞ ✑✒☞☎✒ ✡✄✠ ✍ ✠ ✈✄✟✁ ✍✏✆✎☞✞ ✎✄✟✍✂

From the Diary of Anne Frank

❱✔ ❑✟✄✠t✞✂✑ ➊ ✡☞✍✍☞ ✌ ✒✂✡✄ ✠ ✞ ♦✠✡☞✝✁ ✈✄✟✁ ✡✆☎✒
❲✔ P✆✏✎✆✏ ➊ ✞✂ ✍✂✡✄✏✒☞ ✌ ✏✂ ✠ ✄❡☎✄✍✍☞✈✄ ✞✄✌✟✄✄

■■✔ ❩✷❀✴❁✴❬ ❭✸❀❪❁

❆ ✎✒✟✠✍✠✝ ✈✄✟☛ ☞✍ ✠ ✈✄✟☛ ♦✂✝✝✂✑✄✞ ☛✁ ✠ ✎✟✄✎✂✍☞✏☞✂ ✂✟ ✠ ✠✞✈✄✟☛✔ ■✏✍ ✡✄✠ ☞ ✌
☞✍ ✂♦✏✄ ✞☞♦♦✄✟✄ ✏ ♦✟✂✡ ✏✒✄ ✡✄✠ ☞ ✌✍ ✂♦ ☞✏✍ ✎✠✟✏✍✔ ❈✂✡✎✠✟✄ ✏✒✄ ✡✄✠ ☞ ✌✍ ✂♦
✏✒✄ ✈✄✟☛✍ ✬✖✜ ✤★ ✠ ✞ ✢✪★ ✗✦✗✳ ☞ ✭✠✮ ✠ ✞ ✭☛✮ ☛✄✝✂✑✔ ❫✂✆ ☎✠ ✄✠✍☞✝✁ ✌✆✄✍✍ ✏✒✄☞✟
✡✄✠ ☞ ✌✍ ☞ ✭✠✮ ☛✆✏ ☞ ✭☛✮ ✏✒✄✁ ✒✠✈✄ ✍✎✄☎☞✠✝ ✡✄✠ ☞ ✌✍✔
✭✠✮ ⑩ ❴✒✄ ✬✤✜ ✤★ ✠✏ ❆✌✟✠ ✑✒✄ ✏✒✄ ☛✆✍ ✍✏✂✎✎✄✞ ♦✂✟ ☛✟✄✠t♦✠✍✏✔
⑩ ❙✄✈ ❆ ✠ ✞ ✢✗★ ✗✦✗✳ ♦✟✂✡ ✒✂✡✄ ✑✒✄ ✒✄ ✑✠✍ ✠ ✏✄✄ ✠✌✄✟✔
✭☛✮ ⑩ ❴✒✄❵✍ ✄✠✌✄✟ ✏✂ ✬✖✜ ✤★ ☞ ✝☞♦✄✔ ✭✍✆☎☎✄✄✞✮
⑩ ❚✒✄ ✈☞✍☞✏✂✟✍ ✢✗★ ✗✦✗✳ ✑☞✏✒ ✏✒✄ ✡✠✏☎✒✔ ✭✑✂ ✄✠✍☞✝✁✮
 ❙ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝✞✝✟ ✠✂✆✡✞ ☎✝✠✂ ☛☎✆✂✂ ✄✝✆☛✞☞ ✝ ✠✂✆✡ ✌ ✟✟ ✍✂✎ ✡✏ ✝✑ ✝✎✠✂✆✡ ✝✑✎ ✝
✄✆✂✄ ✞♣☛♣ ✑✒
✭❝✮ ❖✓✆ ❝✝✆ ✥✔✕ ✖✗✘ ✖✙ ✄✂☛✆ ✟ ✚✓✞☛ ✓☛✞♣✎✂ ☛☎✂ ❝♣☛✏ ✟♣✁♣☛✞✒
✭✎✮ ❚☎✂ ✛ ✠✂✆✑✁✂✑☛ ✍✝✑☛✞ ☛ ✥r✔✜✢ ✖✗✘ ✘✖ ☛☎✂ ✄✂ ✄✟✂ ✍♣☛☎ ☛☎♣✞ ✑✂✍
❝✝✁✄✝♣✛✑✒
✶✒ ✣✤✦ ✧✦★✧ ✩✪✫✬✯✦ ✰✫✱✧ ✲✦✳✴ ✤✳✱ ✳ ✵✫✷✸✦✲ ✪✹ ✺✤✲✳✱✳✻ ✯✦✲✸✱ ✼✪✷✷✪✵✻✩
✫✱✦✴ ✉✵ ✽✵✾✻✉✱✤✿ ❀✪✪❁ ✫✺ ✧✤✦ ✹✪✻✻✪❂✉✵✾ ✉✵ ✳ ✴✉✼✧✉✪✵✳✲✩ ✹✪✲ ✧✤✦✉✲
✷✦✳✵✉✵✾✱ ♠✫✵✴✦✲ ✧✤✦ ✦✵✧✲✩ ✹✪✲ ✧✤✦ ✉✧✳✻✉✼✉✱✦✴ ❂✪✲✴❃✿
✭♣✮ ❄❅✗✕❆r ✭✆♣✛☎☛✮ ♣✑ ✭♣♣♣✮ ✥✔❇❈❅r ✑
✭♣♣✮ ❦r❄✘ ✡✝❝❉ ✭♣✠✮ ❆r✘ ✝✟ ✑✛ ✍♣☛☎
❊✒ ◆✪❂ ✹✉✵✴ ✧✤✦ ✱✦✵✧✦✵✼✦✱ ✉✵ ✧✤✦ ✻✦✱✱✪✵ ✧✤✳✧ ✤✳✯✦ ✧✤✦ ✺✤✲✳✱✳✻ ✯✦✲✸✱
✾✉✯✦✵ ✸✦✻✪❂✿ ❣✳✧✼✤ ✧✤✦✷ ❂✉✧✤ ✧✤✦✉✲ ✷✦✳✵✉✵✾✱✿ ♠❋✪✫ ✤✳✯✦ ✳✻✲✦✳✴✩
✹✪✫✵✴ ✪✫✧ ✧✤✦ ✷✦✳✵✉✵✾✱ ✪✹ ✱✪✷✦ ✪✹ ✧✤✦✷✿❃ ❢✲✦ ✧✤✦✉✲ ✷✦✳✵✉✵✾✱ ✧✤✦
✱✳✷✦ ✳✱ ✧✤✳✧ ✪✹ ✧✤✦✉✲ ✺✳✲✧✱s ♠◆✪✧✦ ✧✤✳✧ ✧❂✪ ✺✳✲✧✱ ✪✹ ✳ ✺✤✲✳✱✳✻ ✯✦✲✸
✷✳✩ ✪✼✼✫✲ ✱✦✺✳✲✳✧✦✴ ✉✵ ✧✤✦ ✧✦★✧✿❃
✭♣✮ ✄✟✓✑✛✂ ♣✑ ➊ ✞✄✂✝❉ ✆ ✍✆♣☛✂ ✍♣☛☎ ✓☛ ✌ ❝✓✞
✭♣♣✮ ❉✂✄☛ ✡✝❝❉ ➊ ✞☛✝✏ ♣✑✎ ✆✞
First Flight

✭♣♣♣✮ ✁ ✠✂ ✓✄ ➊ ✁✝❉✂ ✭☛☎✂✁✮ ✆✂✁✝♣✑ ●✓♣✂☛

✭♣✠✮ ✆✝✁✡✟✂ ✑ ➊ ☎✝✠✂ ✝ ✛ ✎ ✆✂✟✝☛♣ ✑✞☎♣✄ ✍♣☛☎
✭✠✮ ✛✂☛ ✝✟ ✑✛ ✍♣☛☎ ➊ ✛♣✠✂ ✝✑ ✝✞✞♣✛✑✁✂✑☛ ✭☎ ✁✂✍ ✆❉✮ ☛ ✝ ✄✂✆✞ ✑ ♣✑
✝✓☛☎ ✆♣☛✏ ✭☛☎✂ ☛✂✝❝☎✂✆✮
✭✠♣✮ ❝✝✟✁ ✎ ✍✑ ➊ ❝ ✁✄✂✑✞✝☛✂
56 ✭✠♣♣✮ ✞☛✝✏ ♣✑ ➊ ✛ ✞☛✆✝♣✛☎☛ ☛ ☛☎✂ ☛ ✄♣❝
✭✠♣♣♣✮ ✁✝❉✂ ✓✄ ✌ ✆ ➊ ✛ ☛ ☛☎✂ ✑✂❍☛ ✛✆✝✎✂
✭♣❍✮ ☎✝✑✎ ♣✑ ➊ ✑ ☛ ✄✆ ✁ ☛✂✎

■■■✒ ❏✴✉✪✷✱
■✎♣ ✁✞ ✝✆✂ ✛✆ ✓✄✞ ✌ ✍ ✆✎✞ ✍♣☛☎ ✝ ✌♣❍✂✎ ✆✎✂✆❑ ✝✑✎ ✝ ✄✝✆☛♣❝✓✟✝✆ ✁✂✝✑♣✑✛❑
✎♣✌✌✂✆✂✑☛ ✌✆ ✁ ☛☎✂ ✁✂✝✑♣✑✛✞ ✌ ✂✝❝☎ ✌ ☛☎✂♣✆ ✍ ✆✎✞ ✄✓☛ ☛ ✛✂☛☎✂✆✒ ✭▲☎✆✝✞✝✟
✠✂✆✡✞ ❝✝✑ ✝✟✞ ✡✂ ♣✎♣ ✁✞✈ ☛☎✂✏ ✝✆✂ ✞✝♣✎ ☛ ✡✂ ▼♣✎♣ ✁✝☛♣❝P ✍☎✂✑ ☛☎✂♣✆ ✁✂✝✑♣✑✛
♣✞ ✓✑✄✆✂✎♣❝☛✝✡✟✂✒✮ ✐ ✆ ✂❍✝✁✄✟✂❑ ✎ ✏ ✓ ❉✑ ✍ ✍☎✝☛ ♣☛ ✁✂✝✑✞ ☛ ▼✁✂✂☛ ✑✂P✞
✁✝☛❝☎P ♣✑ ◗✑✛✟♣✞☎❘ ■☛ ✁✂✝✑✞ ☛ ✁✂✂☛ ✞ ✁✂ ✑✂ ✍☎ ♣✞ ✝✞ ✛ ✎ ✝✞ ✑✂✞✂✟✌❑ ✆
✂✠✂✑ ✡✂☛☛✂✆❑ ♣✑ ✞ ✁✂ ✞❉♣✟✟ ✆ ●✓✝✟♣☛✏✒ ❯ ✏ ✓ ❉✑ ✍ ✍☎✝☛ ♣☛ ✁✂✝✑✞ ☛ ▼✟✂☛ ☛☎✂
❝✝☛ ✓☛ ✌ ☛☎✂ ✡✝✛P❘ ❱✝✑ ✏ ✓ ✛✓✂✞✞❘
✶✒ ❲✦✲✦ ✳✲✦ ✳ ✹✦❂ ✱✦✵✧✦✵✼✦✱ ✹✲✪✷ ✧✤✦ ✧✦★✧ ❂✤✉✼✤ ✤✳✯✦ ✉✴✉✪✷✳✧✉✼
✦★✺✲✦✱✱✉✪✵✱✿ ❡✳✵ ✩✪✫ ✱✳✩ ❂✤✳✧ ✦✳✼✤ ✷✦✳✵✱s ♠❋✪✫ ✷✉✾✤✧ ❂✳✵✧ ✧✪
✼✪✵✱✫✻✧ ✳ ✴✉✼✧✉✪✵✳✲✩ ✹✉✲✱✧✿❃
✭♣✮ ❖✓✆ ✂✑☛♣✆✂ ❝✟✝✞✞ ♣✞ q✗✔❦❳✕❆ ❳✕ ❳✘❨ ❈✖✖✘❨✒

✭♣♣✮ ❩✑☛♣✟ ☛☎✂✑❑ ✍✂ ❉✂✂✄ ☛✂✟✟♣✑✛ ✂✝❝☎ ☛☎✂✆ ✕✖✘ ✘✖ ❅✖❨r ✢r✔✥✘✒
 ❳❨❨❨❩ ❬r ❭❪❪❫❨❴❵ ❝❞❫ ❞❴❴❡❢❪❣ ❝❨❤✐ ❥❪ ❦♠♥ ♦♣q✉ ✈❪①❞②❫❪ ③ ❤❞④⑤❪❣ ❫❡ ❥②①✐⑥

❳❨⑦❩ ❬r ❭❪❪❫❨❴❵ ❝❞❫ ❤r❢❨❴❵ ❤❡ ⑧④❞❢ ❞ ⑨❡⑤❪ ❡❴ ❥❪ ❝❨❤✐ ❤✐❨❫ r❨❣❨①②④❡②❫

❫②✈⑨❪①❤❶ ✈②❤ ③❷❣ ❥❞⑤❪ ❫②r❪ ❸❹q ❺♠❻q ❼♦✉ ♠❽ ❹❾❿⑥

➀⑥ ➁➂➃➂ ➄➃➂ ➄ ➅➂➆ ➇➈➃➂ ➉➊➉➈➇➄➋➉➌ ➂➍➎➃➂➏➏➉➈➐➏ ➋➑➄➋ ➈➌➌➒➃ ➉➐ ➋➑➂ ➋➂➍➋➓
➔➃→ ➋➈ ➒➏➂ ➋➑➂➇ ➉➐ ➏➂➐➋➂➐➌➂➏ ➈➅ →➈➒➃ ➈➆➐➓
❳❨❩ ①❞②❵✐❤ ❥❢ ❪❢❪ ❳❨❨❨❩ ④❞②❵✐ ❡②r❫❪④⑦❪❫ ❫❨④④❢
❳❨❨❩ ✐❪❷❣ ✐❞❣ ❪❴❡②❵✐ ❳❨⑦❩ ①❞❴❷❤ ✈r❨❴❵ ❥❢❫❪④➣ ❤❡

③↔⑥ ↕❡ ❢❡② ⑤❴❡❝ ✐❡❝ ❤❡ ②❫❪ ❞ ❣❨①❤❨❡❴❞r❢ ❤❡ ➣❨❴❣ ❡②❤ ❤✐❪ ❥❪❞❴❨❴❵❫ ❡➣ ❨❣❨❡❥❞❤❨①
❪➙⑧r❪❫❫❨❡❴❫➛ ➜❞⑤❪❶ ➣❡r ❪➙❞❥⑧④❪❶ ❤✐❪ ❪➙⑧r❪❫❫❨❡❴ ➝♦➞♣❹❸ ❿➟ q➟q ❨❴ ❤✐❪ ❫❤❡r❢➠
➡✐❪r❪ ➢ ②❴❣❪r ❝✐❨①✐ ❝❡r❣ ➢ ❝❡②④❣ ❢❡② ④❡❡⑤ ➣❡r ❨❤ ❨❴ ❤✐❪ ❣❨①❤❨❡❴❞r❢➛
➤❡❡⑤ ➣❡r ❨❤ ②❴❣❪r ❤✐❪ ➣❨r❫❤ ❝❡r❣⑥ ➥②❤ ❨➣ ❤✐❪ ➣❨r❫❤ ❝❡r❣ ❨❫ ❞ ➦❵r❞❥❥❞❤❨①❞④❷ ❝❡r❣
④❨⑤❪ ♦❶ ❸❹q❶ ❦♠♥❶ ❪❤①⑥❶ ❤✐❪❴ ❤❞⑤❪ ❤✐❪ ❴❪➙❤ ❝❡r❣⑥ ➜✐❞❤ ❨❫❶ ④❡❡⑤ ➣❡r ❤✐❪ ➣❨r❫❤
➦❥❪❞❴❨❴❵➣②④❷ ❝❡r❣ ❨❴ ❤✐❪ ❪➙⑧r❪❫❫❨❡❴⑥ ③❴ ❡②r ❪➙❞❥⑧④❪❶ ❨❤ ❨❫ ❤✐❪ ❝❡r❣ ➝♦➞♣❹❸⑥
➥②❤ ❢❡② ❝❡❴❷❤ ➣❨❴❣ ➝♦➞♣❹❸ ❨❴ ❤✐❪ ❣❨①❤❨❡❴❞r❢❶ ✈❪①❞②❫❪ ❨❤ ❨❫ ❤✐❪ ⑧❞❫❤ ❤❪❴❫❪ ❡➣
➝♦❸➝❹⑥ ➧❡②❷④④ ➣❨❴❣ ➝♦➞♣❹❸ ④❨❫❤❪❣ ②❴❣❪r ➝♦❸➝❹⑥ ➨❡ ❢❡② ❥②❫❤ ④❡❡⑤ ②❴❣❪r ➝♦❸➝❹ ➣❡r
❤✐❪ ❪➙⑧r❪❫❫❨❡❴ ➝♦➞♣❹❸ ❿➟ q➟q⑥ ➡✐❨①✐ ❡❤✐❪r ❪➙⑧r❪❫❫❨❡❴❫ ❝❨❤✐ ➝♦❸➝❹ ❞r❪ ④❨❫❤❪❣
❨❴ ❢❡②r ❣❨①❤❨❡❴❞r❢➛
➩❡❤❪ ❤✐❞❤ ❞ ❣❨①❤❨❡❴❞r❢ ❪❴❤r❢ ②❫②❞④④❢ ➣❨r❫❤ ❵❨⑦❪❫ ❤✐❪ ❥❪❞❴❨❴❵❫ ❡➣ ❤✐❪ ❝❡r❣ 57
❨❤❫❪④➣❶ ❞❴❣ ❤✐❪❴ ❵❨⑦❪❫ ❞ ④❨❫❤ ❡➣ ❨❣❨❡❥❞❤❨① ❪➙⑧r❪❫❫❨❡❴❫ ②❫❨❴❵ ❤✐❞❤ ❝❡r❣⑥ ➫❡r
❪➙❞❥⑧④❪❶ ❫❤②❣❢ ❤✐❨❫ ⑧❞r❤❨❞④ ❪❴❤r❢ ➣❡r ❤✐❪ ❴❡②❴ ➦❪❢❪❷ ➣r❡❥ ❤✐❪ ➭➯❦♠♥➲ ➳➲➵♦❽➝q➲
➸q♦♥❽q♥➺✉ ➻❾➝❸❾♠❽♦♥➟❶ ➀➼➼➽⑥

❊ ✁
⑩ ◆✂✄☎

From the Diary of Anne Frank

⑩ P✆✝✞ ✂✟ ✠✂✡☛ ☞ ✌✍✎ ✏✑✞✒✏✝ ✂✟ ✞✒✏ ✞✓✂ ✂✝✔✆☎✕ ✂☎ ✞✒✏ ✟✆✖✏ ✞✒✆✞ ☛✂✄ ✕✏✏
✓✑✞✒✇ ❚✗✘ ✙✚✙✛✘✜✢ ✗✣✙ ✤✣✥✦ ✗✣✧✥ ✣★✤ ✩✥✘✘★ ✘✪✘✙✫
⑩ ❆✬✑✭✑✞☛ ✞✂ ✮✏✏ ✯ ✌✕✑☎✔✰✎ ✞✒✏ ✆✬✑✭✑✞☛ ✞✂ ✕✏✏✇ ✱ ✙✚✥✩✘✲★ ★✘✘✤✙ ✣ ✩✲✲✤ ✘✪✘
✣★✤ ✣ ✙✢✘✣✤✪ ✗✣★✤✰
⑩ ❲✆☛ ✂✟ ✮✏✏✑☎✔ ❛ ✌✍✳ ✄✕✄✆✭✭☛ ✕✑☎✔✰✎ ✆ ✴✆✝✞✑✖✄✭✆✝ ✓✆☛ ✂✟ ✕✏✏✑☎✔ ✕✞✒✇ ❍✘
❧✲✲✦✘✤ ✣✢ ✢✗✘ ✤✘✙✧✩★ ✵✧✢✗ ✢✗✘ ✘✪✘ ✲✶ ✣★ ✘★✩✧★✘✘✥✫
⑩ ❖✟ ◆✏✏✡✭✏ ✷ ✌✍✎ ✞✒✏ ✒✂✭✏ ✑☎ ✞✒✏ ✏☎✡ ✂✟ ✆ ☎✏✏✡✭✏ ✞✒✆✞ ☛✂✄ ✴✄✞ ✞✒✏ ✞✒✝✏✆✡
✞✒✝✂✄✔✒✰
■✸✹ ❜✺ ✻✼✼ ✺✽✺✾ ✞✂ ✬✏ ✓✆✞✖✒✑☎✔ ✕✬✿✕✞✒ ✖✆✝✏✟✄✭✭☛ ✆☎✡ ✓✑✞✒ ✆ ✭✂✞ ✂✟ ✑☎✞✏✝✏✕✞
❜✺❀❁❂✺❃❄❅ ❀❂❁❅❇ ❁❀ ✾❜❈✾ ❉❋✺❂✽● ✺✽✺✾ ✑☎ ✕✬❏✕ ✴✝✏✕✏☎✖✏❑ ✑☎ ✟✝✂☎✞ ✂✟ ✕✬✇ ❍✘ ✗✣✤
✙✘✘★ ✗✧✙ ❧✧✶✘s✙ ✵✲✥✦ ✤✘✙✢✥✲✪✘✤ ▲✘✶✲✥✘ ✗✧✙ ▼✘✥✪ ✘✪✘✙✰ ◗✺ ❘❙ ❇❁ ✽❁❘❂ ✺✽✺✾ ❄❅
✾❇❯ ✞✂ ✒✆t✏ ✆ ✭✂✞ ✂✟ ✕✞✒ ✞✂ ✡✏✆✭ ✓✑✞✒✇ ❱✘s✥✘ ✚✛ ✢✲ ✲✚✥ ✘✪✘✙ ✧★ ✵✲✥✦✫
 ❨♦ ✁✂✄☎ ✆☎✂❡ ✝✁☎ ☎✞✟✆☎✠✠✡♦☛ ☞☛♦✝ ✝♦ ✌♦✠☎ ✁☎✂✆✝✍ ✡☛ ✝✁✡✠ ✝☎✞✝✎ ✏♦✑ ✒✡☛❡
♦ ✝ ✝✁☎ ✓☎✂☛✡☛✔✠ ♦✒ ✝✁☎ ✒♦✌✌♦✑✡☛✔ ☎✞✟✆☎✠✠✡♦☛✠ ✠✡☛✔ ✝✁☎ ✑♦✆❡ ☞✁☎✂✆✝✍✎✕✠☎
☎✂✖✁ ♦✒ ✝✁☎✓ ✡☛ ✂ ✠☎☛✝☎☛✖☎ ♦✒ ✗♦ ✆ ♦✑☛✎
✶✘ ❜✙✚✛✜ ✢✣✤✚❜✣✥✦✧✢ ★✚✛✙✩
✷✘ ❝✪✣✢✚✫✥✚✛✙ ✩✣ ★✚✛✙✩
✸✘ ❢✙✣✤ ✩★✚ ✬❜✣✩✩✣✤ ✣❢ ✦✣✭✙✮ ★✚✛✙✩
✹✘ ★✛❤✚ ✛ ★✚✛✙✩
✺✘ ★✛❤✚ ✛ ★✚✛✙✩ ✣❢ ✢✩✣✯✚
✻✘ ✦✣✭✙ ★✚✛✙✩ ②✣✚✢ ✣✭✩ ✩✣ ✢✣✤✚❜✣✥✦
❱✘ ❈♦☛✝✆✂✖✝☎❡ ✰♦✆✓✠
❲★✚✯ ✱✚ ✢✲✚✛✜✳ ✱✚ ✭✢✚ ✴❝✣✯✩✙✛❝✩✚✥ ❢✣✙✤✢✧ ✣✙ ✢★✣✙✩ ❢✣✙✤✢ ✢✭❝★ ✛✢ ✩★✚✢✚✵
❝✛✯✧✩ ✬❢✣✙ ✼✽✾ ✾✿❀ ✣✙ ✼✽✾✾✿❀✮ ■✧✥ ✬❢✣✙ ❁ ❂✿❃❄❅ ✣✙ ❁ ❆✽❅✮ ✢★✚✧✢ ✬❢✣✙ s❆❇ ❉s✮
◆✣✩❊❝✚ ✩★✛✩ ❝✣✯✩✙✛❝✩✚✥ ❢✣✙✤✢ ✛✙✚ ✛✪✢✣ ✱✙❊✩✩✚✯ ✱❊✩★ ✛✯ ✛✲✣✢✩✙✣✲★✚ ✩✣ ✢★✣✱ ✛
✢★✣✙✩✚✯❊✯② ✣❢ ✩★✚ ✢✲✚✪✪❊✯② ✣❢ ✾✿❀✳ ❂✿❃❄❅✳ ✣✙ ❉s ✛✢ ❊✯ ✩★✚ ✛❜✣❤✚ ✚❋✛✤✲✪✚●
❲✙❊✩❊✯② ✛ ✥❊✛✙✦ ❊✢ ✪❊✜✚ ✢✲✚✛✜❊✯② ✩✣ ✣✯✚✢✚✪❢✘ r✪✛✦✢ ✬✛✯✥ ✣❢✩✚✯✳ ✯✣❤✚✪✢✮ ✛✪✢✣ ★✛❤✚
✢✲✚✚❝★ ❊✯ ✱✙❊✩✩✚✯ ❢✣✙✤✘ ❍✣ ✱✚ ✭✢✭✛✪✪✦ ❝✣✤✚ ✛❝✙✣✢✢ ❝✣✯✩✙✛❝✩✚✥ ❢✣✙✤✢ ❊✯
First Flight

✥❊✛✙❊✚✢✳ ✲✪✛✦✢ ✛✯✥ ✯✣❤✚✪✢✘

✶✘ ▼✂❏☎ ✂ ✌✡✠✝ ♦✒ ✝✁☎ ✖♦☛✝✆✂✖✝☎❡ ✒♦✆✓✠ ✡☛ ✝✁☎ ✝☎✞✝✎ ❑☎✑✆✡✝☎ ✝✁☎✓ ✂✠ ✒ ✌✌
✒♦✆✓✠ ♦✒ ✝✑♦ ✑♦✆❡✠✎
▲✣✙ ✚❋✛✤✲✪✚✵
58 ■✧❤✚ ❖ ■ ★✛❤✚
✷✘ P☎ ✁✂✄☎ ✠☎☎☛ ✝✁✂✝ ✠♦✓☎ ✖♦☛✝✆✂✖✝☎❡ ✒♦✆✓✠ ✖✂☛ ✠✝✂☛❡ ✒♦✆ ✝✑♦ ❡✡✒✒☎✆☎☛✝
✒ ✌✌ ✒♦✆✓✠◗
■✧✥ ❖ ■ ★✛✥ ✿❘ ■ ✱✣✭✪✥
✰✡☛❡ ✡☛ ✝✁☎ ✝☎✞✝ ✝✁☎ ✖♦☛✝✆✂✖✝☎❡ ✒♦✆✓✠ ✝✁✂✝ ✠✝✂☛❡ ✒♦✆ ✝✑♦ ❡✡✒✒☎✆☎☛✝
✒ ✌✌ ✒♦✆✓✠❙ ✂☛❡ ✠✂✗ ✑✁✂✝ ✝✁☎✠☎ ✂✆☎✎

❚✚✙✚ ❊✢ ✛✯ ✚❋✩✙✛❝✩ ✛✥✛✲✩✚✥ ❢✙✣✤ ✛ ✣✯✚❯✛❝✩ ✲✪✛✦✘ ■✯ ✩★❊✢ ✚❋✩✙✛❝✩✳ ✛✯②✙✦ ✯✚❊②★❜✣✭✙✢
✱★✣ ✩★❊✯✜ ✇✣✚ ✩★✚ ■✯❤✚✯✩✣✙✧✢ ✯✚✱ ✢✲❊✯✯❊✯② ✤✛❝★❊✯✚ ✱❊✪✪ ✤✛✜✚ ✩★✚✤ ✪✣✢✚ ✩★✚❊✙
❥✣❜✢ ❝✣✤✚ ✩✣ ✥✚✢✩✙✣✦ ✇✣✚✧✢ ✤✣✥✚✪ ✣❢ ✩★✚ ✤✛❝★❊✯✚✘
❳✣✭✧❤✚ ❥✭✢✩ ✢✚✚✯ ★✣✱ ❝✣✯✩✙✛❝✩✚✥ ❢✣✙✤✢ ❝✛✯ ✤✛✜✚ ✛ ✱✙❊✩✩✚✯ ✩✚❋✩ ✢✣✭✯✥ ✪❊✜✚ ✛❝✩✭✛✪
✢✲✚✚❝★✘ ❩✙✦ ✩✣ ✤✛✜✚ ✩★❊✢ ✚❋✩✙✛❝✩ ✢✣✭✯✥ ✤✣✙✚ ✪❊✜✚ ✛ ✙✚✛✪ ❝✣✯❤✚✙✢✛✩❊✣✯ ❜✦ ❝★✛✯②❊✯②
✢✣✤✚ ✣❢ ✩★✚ ❤✚✙❜✢ ❜✛❝✜ ❊✯✩✣ ❝✣✯✩✙✛❝✩✚✥ ❢✣✙✤✢✘ ❩★✚✯ ✢✲✚✛✜ ✣✭✩ ✩★✚ ✪❊✯✚✢✘
❬❭❆❇ ❅✿✿❘ ❉s ❪❄❃✾❫ ✿❴❇✾❵ ✽✾❅ s❇❛❇❘✽❄ ❞❇✾ ❀❘✽❞❴ ❉✾● ❭❆❇❣ ✼✽❘❘❣ s❀❉✼✐s❵ ✽✾❅ ✿✾❇
✿❪ ❀❆❇❞❵ ❦❧♠❵ ❆✽s ✽ ❆✽❞❞❇❘✘♥
▼♣q ✵ ◆✣✱ ✱★✚✙✚ ❊✢ ✦✣✭✙ ★✭✢❜✛✯✥✳ ✤❊✢✩✙✚✢✢t
▼✉✈① ✵ ■✯ ★❊✢ ❜✚✥✘ ❚✚ ❊✢ ✢❊❝✜✳ ✛✯✥ ✱✚✛✙✦✘ ❳✣✭ ✱✣✭✪✥ ✯✣✩ ★✛✙✤ ★❊✤③
 ❍❖ ✿ ❲❡ ✁✂❡ ✄☎✆✝✄ ✞☎ ✟✠✁✟✡ ✡✆✟ ❡☛✆☞ ✌☎✂✍ ✞☎ ✎✆❡✏❡✟✑ ❲✡❡✂❡ ✆✟ ✞✡❡
✠✁✏✡✆✝❡♠
❙❊✒❖✓✔ ✿ ✕✝ ✞✡❡ ✞✁✖☞❡ ✗☎✝✘❡✂✑
▼❆✓
❍❖ ✿ ❚✡❡✝ ✡❡✂❡ ✆✟ ✞✡❡ ❡✝✘ ☎✙ ✆✞✚
❬✛✜✢ ✥✣✤✥✦✧✥ ★✦✧ ✣✩✪✧✫✬ ✭✮✯✰ ✥✱✲✧✤✣✥✬❪
❍❖ ✿ ✳✝✘ ✝☎✌ ✙☎✂ ✗☎✴✂ ✡✴✟✖✁✝✘✚
▼❆✵✶ ✿ ◆❡✆✄✡✖☎✴✂✟✷ ✡❡ ✆✟ ✁ ✟✆✏✍ ✠✁✝ ✁✝✘ ✁☞✠☎✟✞ ✁ ✏✂✆✎✎☞❡✑ ✸☎✴ ✌☎✴☞✘ ✝☎✞
✡✴✂✞ ✡✆✠✚
❍❖ ✿ ✹❡ ✆✟ ✎☞✁✝✝✆✝✄ ✞☎ ✞✁✍❡ ✁✌✁✗ ☎✴✂ ✘✁✆☞✗ ✖✂❡✁✘✺ ❲❡ ✌✆☞☞ ✟✡☎✌ ✡✆✠
✌✡✁✞ ✌❡ ✞✡✆✝✍ ☎✙ ✡✆✠ ✁✝✘ ✡✆✟ ✌✁✗✟✚
▼❆✵✶ ✿ ✸☎✴ ✡✁☛❡ ✖✂☎✍❡✝ ✡✆✟ ✠✁✏✡✆✝❡✺ ✸☎✴ ✡✁☛❡ ✘☎✝❡ ❡✝☎✴✄✡✺

◆☎✌ ✗☎✴ ✍✝☎✌ ✌✡✁✞ ✁ ✘✆✁✂✗ ✆✟ ✁✝✘ ✡☎✌ ✞☎ ✍❡❡✎ ☎✝❡✑ ✻✁✝ ✗☎✴ ✍❡❡✎ ✁ ✘✆✁✂✗ ✙☎✂ ✁
✌❡❡✍ ✂❡✏☎✂✘✆✝✄ ✞✡❡ ❡☛❡✝✞✟ ✞✡✁✞ ☎✏✏✴✂♠ ✸☎✴ ✠✁✗ ✟✡✁✂❡ ✗☎✴✂ ✘✆✁✂✗ ✌✆✞✡ ✗☎✴✂
✏☞✁✟✟✷ ✆✙ ✗☎✴ ✌✆✟✡ ✞☎✑ ❝✟❡ ✞✡❡ ✙☎☞☞☎✌✆✝✄ ✡✆✝✞✟ ✞☎ ✌✂✆✞❡ ✗☎✴✂ ✘✆✁✂✗✑
⑩ ❚✡☎✴✄✡ ✗☎✴✂ ✘✆✁✂✗ ✆✟ ☛❡✂✗ ✎✂✆☛✁✞❡✷ ✌✂✆✞❡ ✁✟ ✆✙ ✗☎✴ ✁✂❡ ✌✂✆✞✆✝✄ ✙☎✂ ✟☎✠❡☎✝❡ ❡☞✟❡✑
⑩ P✂❡✟❡✝✞ ✗☎✴✂ ✞✡☎✴✄✡✞✟ ✆✝ ✁ ✏☎✝☛✆✝✏✆✝✄ ✠✁✝✝❡✂✑
⑩ ❝✟❡ ✌☎✂✘✟ ✞✡✁✞ ✏☎✝☛❡✗ ✗☎✴✂ ✙❡❡☞✆✝✄✟✷ ✁✝✘ ✌☎✂✘✟ ✞✡✁✞ ❯✎✁✆✝✞ ✎✆✏✞✴✂❡✟✼ ✙☎✂ ✞✡❡
✂❡✁✘❡✂✑ ✽❡ ✖✂✆❡✙✑ 59
❯➅✆✁✂✗ ☞✁✝✄✴✁✄❡✼ ✡✁✟ ✟☎✠❡ ✞✗✎✆✏✁☞ ✙❡✁✞✴✂❡✟ ✟✴✏✡ ✁✟ ✟✴✖✾❡✏✞☞❡✟✟ ✟❡✝✞❡✝✏❡✟ ❀❁☎✞
✴✎ ☞✁✞❡ ✆✝ ✞✡❡ ✠☎✂✝✆✝✄✉✷ ✟❡✝✞❡✝✏❡ ✙✂✁✄✠❡✝✞✟ ✌✆✞✡☎✴✞ ✟✴✖✾❡✏✞✟ ☎✂ ☛❡✂✖✟ ❀✺✞☎☎
✖✁✘✷ ✖☎✂✆✝✄✷ ✝☎✞ ✄☎☎✘✉✷ ✏☎✝✞✂✁✏✞❡✘ ✙☎✂✠✟ ❀✞✡❡✗✼✂❡✷ ❜✼☛❡✷ ✏✁✝✼✞✷ ✘✆✘✝✼✞✷ ❡✞✏✑✉✷ ✁✝✘
❡☛❡✂✗✘✁✗ ❡❂✎✂❡✟✟✆☎✝✟ ✌✡✆✏✡ ✎❡☎✎☞❡ ✴✟❡ ✆✝ ✟✎❡❡✏✡✑ ❃❡✠❡✠✖❡✂ ✝☎✞ ✞☎ ✴✟❡ ✟✴✏✡
☞✁✝✄✴✁✄❡ ✆✝ ✠☎✂❡ ✙☎✂✠✁☞ ✍✆✝✘✟ ☎✙ ✌✂✆✞✆✝✄✑

✸☎✴✂ ✞❡✁✏✡❡✂ ✌✆☞☞ ✂❡✁✘ ☎✴✞ ✁✝ ❡❂✞✂✁✏✞ ✙✂☎✠ ❄✦✧ ❅❇✤✲❈ ✩❉ ❋✤✣●✧✫ ■✧❏❈✥ ❀✄✆☛❡✝ ☎✝ From the Diary of Anne Frank
✞✡❡ ✝❡❂✞ ✎✁✄❡✉ ✁✖☎✴✞ ✞✡❡ ✄✂❡✁✞ ✙✆✂❡ ☎✙ t☎✝✘☎✝✑ ✳✟ ✗☎✴ ☞✆✟✞❡✝ ✏☎✠✎☞❡✞❡ ✞✡✆✟ ✟✴✠✠✁✂✗
☎✙ ✞✡❡ ✡✁✎✎❡✝✆✝✄✟✑
❑▲◗◗❘❱❳

❚✡✆✟ ❡✝✞✂✗ ✆✝ ✞✡❡ ✘✆✁✂✗ ✡✁✟ ✖❡❡✝ ✠✁✘❡ ☎✝ ✖✗ ✑ ❚✡❡ ✎❡✂✟☎✝

✌✡☎ ✞☎☞✘ P❡✎✗✟ ✁✖☎✴✞ ✞✡❡ ✙✆✂❡ ✌✁✟ ✏✁☞☞❡✘ ✑ ❨✡❡ ✏✁☞☞❡✘ ✁✞ ✆✝
✞✡❡ ✠☎✂✝✆✝✄✑ P❡✎✗✟ ✌❡✝✞ ✖✁✏✍ ✞☎ ✟☞❡❡✎ ✖❡✏✁✴✟❡ ✑ P❡✎✗✟ ✂☎✟❡ ✁✄✁✆✝ ✁✞
✆✝ ✞✡❡ ✠☎✂✝✆✝✄✑ ✽✗ ✞✡❡✝ ✁✖☎✴✞ ✡☎✴✟❡✟ ✡✁✘ ✖❡❡✝ ✖✴✂✝❡✘
✘☎✌✝✑ ❚✡❡ ✙✆✂❡ ✡✁✘ ✟✎✂❡✁✘ ✞☎ ✖✗ t☎✝✘☎✝ ✽✂✆✘✄❡✑ P❡✎✗✟ ✞✡❡✝ ✌✁☞✍❡✘
✞☎ ✞✡❡ ✁☞☎✝✄ ✌✆✞✡ ❨✆✂ ❩✑ ❃☎✖✆✝✟☎✝✼✟ ✑
 WHAT WE HAVE DONE
1. Diary writing is one of the best ways to practise writing. Students do not have to
think up or imagine what to write about; they only have to find words to write
about what has happened. Initiate your students into the habit of keeping a diary.
2. Anne Frank’s diary became a public document after World War II. Discuss with your
students diaries which became historical documents, such as Samuel Pepys’s diary.
You may draw students’ attention to different types of diaries, e.g. private diary,
general diary. Army officers, businessmen, doctors, executives, lawyers, motorists,
police officers keep a general diary to record events that happen during the day
and events that are scheduled for the day, such as appointments, meetings, things
to be done, etc.
3. Passage for listening exercise:

The Great Fire of London [1666]

September 2nd (Lord’s Day). Jane called us up about three in the morning,
to tell us of a great fire they saw in the city. So I rose and slipped on my
nightgown, and went to her window, and thought it to be on the backside
of Marke-Lane at the farthest; but being unused to such fire as followed,
First Flight

I thought it far enough off, and so went to bed again and to sleep.
About seven rose again to dress myself, and then looked out of the
window, and saw the fire not so much as it was and further off. By and by
Jane comes and tells me that she hears that above 300 houses have
been burned down tonight by the fire we saw, and that it is now burning
down all Fish Street, by London Bridge.
60
So I made myself ready presently, and walked to the Tower, and there got
up upon one of the high places, Sir J. Robinson’s little son going up with
me; and there I did see the houses at that end of the bridge all on fire,
and an infinite great fire on this and the other side of the bridge.
[From The Diary of Samuel Pepys ]

WHAT YOU CAN DO

After they have completed the lesson, including the writing exercise, students can be
asked to make a diary jotting for the previous day. Perhaps you could also write a diary
entry describing what happened in school/class on the previous day, to share with the
class — try and make it amusing and interesting! Collect students’ pages (they may be
allowed to sign their names or make it anonymous, as they wish) and put them up on
the class notice board, together with your page, for everyone to read.
 ❆ ✁✂✄✁☎
❊✆✝✞✟✠✡☛ ☞ ✌ ✍✝✝☞✎ ✏✡✑✏✎✡✝✒✡✝☛
✓✔✝✏✡☛✏✝✌✓✘✔✎✓✗✝✓✍✏✡✝✏✡☛ ✎
✔♦✓✞✑✔✓✏✡✝✞✳ ✖✓✕✏✓✓✗✑✟✍✝✝☞✏✠✓✔✏✞✓☞ ☞ ✝✌✑✔✌☛ ✔✎✏✞✕✠✏✝✌✔✓✏✏✓✌✓
✡✑✏✟✓✕✞✍✞✝✝✌✓✗☛✎ ✠✕✞✏✑☛☞✝✌✳
❲✞☛ ✔ ♦✎✟✓✕✘✑✔✏✏✓✌✓✙✚✕✏✟✓✕✞✛✑✞✝✔✏✎✒
✝☞✌✝✞✎ ✌✓ ✔✓✏✔♦✑☞✑☞✏✝✞✔✑✏✝✎✏✑✔♥✑✎✳✖✓✕✑✞✝☛
☞✓✘ ✟✓✕ ✏✓✳ ❡✓ ✞✝✑✌ ✏✡✝ ✔✛✓✝✗ ✑☞✓✕✌✙✎✍✓✞✗
✝✑✠✡✞✝✑✌☛ ✍✓✞✑✎✕✞✛✞☛ ✝✜ ✛✑☛✞✎✙
❉✢✣✤✥ ✦✧✥★ ✩✢✪✫ ✣✬✧✭✮✯ ✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
❉✢✣✤✥ ✵✪✣✶✵ ✩✢✪✫ ✮✵✢✪✭✲★✫✮✯ ✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
❙✥✢✷ ✥✵✬✥ ✮✭✢✪✶✵✧✣✸ ✬✣✲ ✮✧✥ ✪✷ ✮✥✫✬✧✸✵✥✯
✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
✹✺✵★✫★ ✧✮ ✬ ✭✬✣✸✪✧✲✯ ★✱★✫✬✭✲ ✮★✬✯
✇✵★✫★ ✥✵★ ✮✢✭★ ✧✣✵✬✦✧✥✬✣✥ ✧✮ ✱★➋
✬ ✱★✫✱✬✧✲✯ ✲✫✧❛✥✧✣✸ ✦✭✧✮✮❛✪✭✭✩✻✼
❉✧✲ ✩✢✪ ❛✧✣✧✮✵ ✩✢✪✫ ✵✢✱★✇✢✫✽✯ ✰✱✬✣✲✬✾
❉✧✲ ✩✢✪ ✥✧✲✩ ✩✢✪✫ ✫✢✢✱✯ ✰✱✬✣✲✬✾
■ ✥✵✢✪✸✵✥ ■ ✥✢✭✲ ✩✢✪ ✥✢ ✶✭★✬✣ ✩✢✪✫ ✮✵✢★✮✯
✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
✹■ ✬✱ ✬✣ ✢✫✷✵✬✣✯ ✫✢✬✱✧✣✸ ✥✵★ ✮✥✫★★✥✻
■ ✷✬✥✥★✫✣ ✮✢❛✥ ✲✪✮✥ ✇✧✥✵ ✱✩ ✵✪✮✵★✲✯ ✦✬✫★ ❛★★✥✻
✺✵★ ✮✧✭★✣✶★ ✧✮ ✸✢✭✲★✣✯ ✥✵★ ❛✫★★✲✢✱ ✧✮ ✮✇★★✥✻✼
❉✢✣✤✥ ★✬✥ ✥✵✬✥ ✶✵✢✶✢✭✬✥★✯ ✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
❘★✱★✱✦★✫ ✩✢✪✫ ✬✶✣★✯ ✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
✿✧✭✭ ✩✢✪ ✷✭★✬✮★ ✭✢✢✽ ✬✥ ✱★ ✇✵★✣ ■✤✱ ✮✷★✬✽✧✣✸ ✥✢ ✩✢✪✯
✰✱✬✣✲✬✴
 ✭ ✁✂ ✄✁☎✆✝✞✟✠✡ ☛✁☞✟ ✝✌✍ ✁ ✎✁✏✟✑

✠❧✒✟ ❧✝ ✁ ✍✌✓✟✏ ❧✔ ✍✏✁✝✕✆❧✠ ✁✝✖ ✏✁✏✟✑

■✠✠ ✎✟✏✍✁❧✝✠✗ ♥✘✙✘✚ ✠✟✍ ✖✌✓✝ ✂✗ ✛✏❧✜☛✍ ☛✁❧✏✢✣

❙✍✌☎ ✍☛✁✍ ✔✆✠✤❧✝✜ ✁✍ ✌✝✎✟✡ ✥✂✁✝✖✁✢

❨✌✆■✏✟ ✁✠✓✁✗✔ ✔✌ ✂✌✌✖✗✡ ✥✂✁✝✖✁✢

✥✝✗✌✝✟ ✓✌✆✠✖ ✍☛❧✝✤ ✍☛✁✍ ✝✁✜✜✟✖ ✁✍ ✗✌✆✡

✥✂✁✝✖✁✢

❘❖✦✧★ ✩▲✪✧★

✫✬✮✯✰✱✲✿ ✳✴✵✶✷✴✸
✲❞✱✹✺✱✮✯✿ ✻✼✽✾❀❁ ❂✵✼❃✵❄
First Flight

♣✬✺✺❅❞✮✿ ✻✶❆✴ ❇✶❈❈✴✳❀❂

✺❞✬✮t✰✱✫✿ ❝✶✵✻

❉❊ ❍✼❃ ✼✵✸ ✸✼ ❄✼❋ ❈●✾❀❆ ❏✻✶❀✸✶ ✾❂❑ ❍✼❃ ✸✼ ❄✼❋ ❆❀✼❃ ❈●✾❂❑
62
▼❊ ❲●✼ ✸✼ ❄✼❋ ❈●✾❀❆ ✾❂ ❂❇✴✶❆✾❀❁ ❈✼ ●✴✳❑
◆❊ ❲●❄ ✶✳✴ P❈✶❀◗✶❂ ▼❚ ❯ ✶❀✸ ❱ ❁✾✽✴❀ ✾❀ ❇✶✳✴❀❈●✴❂✾❂❑
❯❊ ❲●✼ ✾❂ ❈●✴ ❂❇✴✶❆✴✳ ✾❀ P❈✶❀◗✶❂ ▼❚ ❯ ✶❀✸ ❱❑ ❳✼ ❄✼❋ ❈●✾❀❆ ❈●✾❂ ❂❇✴✶❆✴✳ ✾❂
✵✾❂❈✴❀✾❀❁ ❈✼ ❈●✴ ❂❇✴✶❆✴✳ ✾❀ P❈✶❀◗✶❂ ❉❚ ◆❚ ❩❚ ✶❀✸ ❬❑
❩❊ ❲●✶❈ ❝✼❋✵✸ ❏✻✶❀✸✶ ✸✼ ✾❭ ❂●✴ ❃✴✳✴ ✶ ✻✴✳✻✶✾✸❑
❱❊ ❪❂ ❏✻✶❀✸✶ ✶❀ ✼✳❇●✶❀❑ ❲●❄ ✸✼✴❂ ❂●✴ ❂✶❄ ❂✼❑
❬❊ ❳✼ ❄✼❋ ❆❀✼❃ ❈●✴ ❂❈✼✳❄ ✼❭ ❫✶❇❋❀◗✴✵❑ ❲●❄ ✸✼✴❂ ❂●✴ ❃✶❀❈ ❈✼ ❴✴ ❫✶❇❋❀◗✴✵❑
❵❊ ❲●✶❈ ✸✼✴❂ ❈●✴ ❁✾✳✵ ❄✴✶✳❀ ❭✼✳❑ ❲●✶❈ ✸✼✴❂ ❈●✾❂ ❇✼✴✻ ❈✴✵✵ ❄✼❋ ✶❴✼❋❈ ❏✻✶❀✸✶❑
❛❊ ❫✴✶✸ ❈●✴ ✵✶❂❈ ❂❈✶❀◗✶❊ ❳✼ ❄✼❋ ❈●✾❀❆ ❏✻✶❀✸✶ ✾❂ ❂❋✵❆✾❀❁ ✶❀✸ ✾❂ ✻✼✼✸❄❑
BEFORE YOU READ
➉ ❍ ✁ ✂ ✁✄ ☎✆✂✝✄ ✞✟✄ ✠✄ ✠✡✄ ☛☞ ✆✌✂ ✆✍ ✎ ✏✑ ✞✟✄✒☞ ✓ ✌✄✑✔ ✁✄☛✡✞✟
☛✌✂ ✠ ✍✍✄✍✍✒ ✌✍❛ ✕☞ ✒✍ ✞✟✄☞✄ ✍ ✓✄✞✟✒✌✝ ✖ ✓ ☞✄ ✄✌✂✆☞✒✌✝ ✗☛✡✆✄
✞ ✡ t ✖ ☞ ✒✌ ☛ ✠✄☞✍ ✌❛
⑩ ❚✟✒✍ ✍✞ ☞✑ ✒✍ ☛ ✍✄✌✍✒✞✒✗✄ ☛✘✘ ✆✌✞ ✖ ✟ ✁ ☛ ✠ ☞ ✑ ✆✌✝ ✝✒☞✡ ✒✍
☎✆✂✝✄✂ ✏✑ ✟✄☞ ✘✡☛✍✍✓☛✞✄✍❥ ✙☛✌✂☛ ✚✄✞☞ ✌✍t✒ ✒✍ ☛ ✑ ✆✌✝ ✚ ✡✒✍✟
✝✒☞✡ ✁✟ ✝ ✄✍ ✞ ✍✘✟ ✡ ✁✒✞✟ ✞✟✄☞ ❣✓✄☞✒✘☛✌ ✘✟✒✡✂☞✄✌ ✒✌ ☛✌ ❣✓✄☞✒✘☛✌
✞ ✁✌❥ ❚✟✄✍✄ ✞✟✄☞ ✘✟✒✡✂☞✄✌ ✍✄✄ ✙☛✌✂☛ ☛✍ ✛✂✒✖✖✄☞✄✌✞❡ ✒✌ ✓☛✌✑
✁☛✑✍❥ ✇☛✌ ✑ ✆ ✝✆✄✍✍ ✟ ✁ ✞✟✄✑ ✞☞✄☛✞ ✟✄☞❛
➉ ❘✄☛✂ ✞✟✄ ✒✌✖ ☞✓☛✞✒ ✌ ✒✌ ✞✟✄ ✏ ✜ ✏✄✡ ✁❥ ✢✒✌✂ ✆✞ ✓ ☞✄ ☛✏ ✆✞ ✞✟✒✍
✘ ✓✓✆✌✒✞✑ ❝ ☞ ☛✏ ✆✞ ☛ ☞✄✡☛✞✄✂ ✞ ✠✒✘✣ ✖☞ ✓ ☛✌ ✄✌✘✑✘✡ ✠✄✂✒☛✔ ☞
✞✟✄ ✤✌✞✄☞✌✄✞❥
✥✦✧ ★✩✪✫✬✦✭✮✯✧✰✫✱✲✳ ✴✩✯✯✵✳✫✶✷
✫✳ ✶✦✧ ✐✳✫✶✧✸ ✹✶✲✶✧✬
✺✻✼ ✽✾✿❀❁ ❂❃❄✾❀✻ ✾❅❅✾❆✿❇❈❁❀ ❇✿✿✾❉✼❊ ✾❈ ❋❅✼✿✾●❇ ✾❈ ■❏❑▲▼ ◆❖❁
❁✻✼ ❄❇✿❆✼❀❁ P❇❉✼ ❃✽ ❂❃❄✾❀✻ ✾❅❅✾❆✿❇❁✾❃❈ ❃●●❖✿✿✼❊ ✾❈ ❁✻✼ ✼❇✿❄◗
❁P✼❈❁✾✼❁✻ ●✼❈❁❖✿◗▼ P✻✼❈ ❅❃✿✼ ❁✻❇❈ ❃❈✼ ❅✾❄❄✾❃❈ ❂❃❄✼❀ ❅✾❆✿❇❁✼❊
❁❃ ❁✻✼ ❙❈✾❁✼❊ ❯❁❇❁✼❀❱ ✺✻✼ ❂❃❄✾❀✻ ❯❁❇❁✼ ❊✾❊ ❈❃❁ ✼❲✾❀❁ ❇❁ ❁✻❇❁
❁✾❅✼▼ ❇❈❊ ❁✻✼ ✾❅❅✾❆✿❇❈❁❀ P✼✿✼ ✾❊✼❈❁✾✽✾✼❊ ❇●●❃✿❊✾❈❆ ❁❃ ❁✻✼✾✿
●❃❖❈❁✿◗ ❃✽ ❃✿✾❆✾❈ ✿❇❁✻✼✿ ❁✻❇❈ ❁❃ ✼❁✻❈✾●✾❁◗❱ ✺✻✼◗ P✼✿✼ ✾❊✼❈❁✾✽✾✼❊
❇❀ ❳❖❀❀✾❇❈ ❂❃❄✼❀▼ ❨✼✿❅❇❈ ❂❃❄✼❀ ❇❈❊ ❋❖❀❁✿✾❇❈ ❂❃❄✼❀❱
❩❈✼ ❃✽ ❁✻✼ ❅❃❀❁ ❈❃❁❇◆❄✼ ❂❃❄✾❀✻❬❋❅✼✿✾●❇❈ ●❃❅❅❖❈✾❁✾✼❀
✾❀ ✾❈ ❭✻✾●❇❆❃ ❇❈❊ ✾❁❀ ❀❖◆❖✿◆❀❪ ❀❃ ❭✻✾●❇❆❃ ✾❀ ❀❃❅✼❁✾❅✼❀ ●❇❄❄✼❊
❁✻✼ ❀✼●❃❈❊ ❄❇✿❆✼❀❁ ❫❂❃❄✾❀✻❴ ●✾❁◗ ✾❈ ❁✻✼ P❃✿❄❊▼ ❈✼❲❁ ❃❈❄◗ ❁❃
❵❇✿❀❇P▼ ❁✻✼ ●❇❜✾❁❇❄ ❃✽ ❂❃❄❇❈❊❱ ❂❃❄✾❀✻❬❋❅✼✿✾●❇❈❀ P✼✿✼
❀❃❅✼❁✾❅✼❀ ❊✾❀●✿✾❅✾❈❇❁✼❊ ❇❆❇✾❈❀❁ ✾❈ ❁✻✼ ❙❈✾❁✼❊ ❯❁❇❁✼❀▼ ❇❀
P✼✿✼ ❁✻✼ ❞✿✾❀✻▼ ❞❁❇❄✾❇❈❀▼ ❇❈❊ ❢✼P❀❱
❋●●❃✿❊✾❈❆ ❁❃ ❁✻✼ ❙❈✾❁✼❊ ❯❁❇❁✼❀ ❤❑❑❑ ❭✼❈❀❖❀▼ ❏❏❦▼❧■❧
❋❅✼✿✾●❇❈❀ ❃✽ ❇❆✼ ✽✾❉✼ ◗✼❇✿❀ ❇❈❊ ❃❄❊✼✿ ✿✼❜❃✿❁✼❊ ❂❃❄✾❀✻ ❇❀ ❁✻✼
❄❇❈❆❖❇❆✼ ❀❜❃♠✼❈ ❇❁ ✻❃❅✼▼ P✻✾●✻ ✾❀ ❇◆❃❖❁ ■❱❧ ❜✼✿ ●✼❈❁ ❃✽
❁✻✼ ❜✼❃❜❄✼ P✻❃ ❀❜✼❇♠ ❄❇❈❆❖❇❆✼❀ ❃❁✻✼✿ ❁✻❇❈ ♥❈❆❄✾❀✻▼ ❃✿
❑❱❤♦ ❜✼✿ ●✼❈❁ ❃✽ ❁✻✼ ❙❱❯❱ ❜❃❜❖❄❇❁✾❃❈❱
 ❚❖ ✁❨✱ ✂✄☎✆✝✞✱ ✟✝☎✆✝ ❛✠✡☛✄☎♦☞✌ ✍✝♦ ☎✄✡ ✌☎ ✎✠☛
♦✠✝✡s ✏✑✡ ☎✄✒✄✆✞✱ ☎✄✡ ✠✓✠☎ ❛✠✔✔✞ ✝☎✆ ✂✝✆✠✕✌☎✠✱ ✡✎✠
✔✌☛✕♦ ✍✎✄ ♦✡✝☛✡✠✆ ✝✕✕ ✡✎✠ ❣✑☎✱ ☎✄✡✌✖✠✆ ✎✠☛ ✝✒♦✠☎✖✠s
❯♦✑✝✕✕✞ ✟✝☎✆✝ ♦✝✡ ✌☎ ✡✎✠ ♦✠✝✡ ☎✠✗✡ ✡✄ ✡✎✠ ✕✝♦✡ ♦✠✝✡
✌☎ ✡✎✠ ✕✝♦✡ ☛✄✍ ✌☎ ✐✄✄✘ ❚✎✌☛✡✠✠☎s ✙✎✠ ♦✝✡ ✌☎ ✡✎✠
✖✄☛☎✠☛ ✄❣ ✡✎✠ ☛✄✄✘ ✍✎✠☛✠ ✡✎✠ ☛✄✑✔✎ ✒✄✞♦ ✍✎✄ ✆✌✆
☎✄✡ ✘✝☞✠ ✔✄✄✆ ✘✝☛☞♦ ♦✝✡✱ ✡✎✠ ✖✄☛☎✠☛ ✄❣ ✡✎✠ ☛✄✄✘
✍✎✠☛✠ ✡✎✠☛✠ ✍✝♦ ✘✄♦✡ ♦✖✑❣❣✕✌☎✔ ✄❣ ❣✠✠✡✱ ✘✄♦✡ ☛✄✝☛♦ scuffling of feet
✄❣ ✕✝✑✔✎✡✠☛ ✍✎✠☎ ✝☎✞✡✎✌☎✔ ❣✑☎☎✞ ✍✝♦ ♦✝✌✆✱ ✝☎✆ ✘✄♦✡ noisy, dragging
✘✑✆ ✝☎✆ ✆✌☛✡ ✄☎ ✡✎✠ ❣✕✄✄☛s movements of the
feet on the ground
✟✝☎✆✝ ✆✌✆ ☎✄✡ ♦✌✡ ✡✎✠☛✠ ✒✠✖✝✑♦✠ ♦✎✠ ✍✝♦ ☛✄✑✔✎
✝☎✆ ☎✄✌♦✞s ✚☎ ✡✎✠ ✖✄☎✡☛✝☛✞✱ ♦✎✠ ✍✝♦ ✓✠☛✞ ✛✑✌✠✡ ✝☎✆
☛✝☛✠✕✞ ♦✝✌✆ ✝☎✞✡✎✌☎✔ ✝✡ ✝✕✕s r☎✆ ☎✄✒✄✆✞ ✎✝✆ ✠✓✠☛
✎✠✝☛✆ ✎✠☛ ✕✝✑✔✎ ✄✑✡ ✕✄✑✆s ✙✄✘✠✡✌✘✠♦ ♦✎✠ ✡✍✌♦✡✠✆
✎✠☛ ✘✄✑✡✎ ✌☎✡✄ ✝ ✖☛✄✄☞✠✆ ♦✄☛✡ ✄❣ ♦✘✌✕✠✱ ✒✑✡ ✡✎✝✡
✍✝♦ ✝✕✕s
◆✄✒✄✆✞ ☞☎✠✍ ✠✗✝✖✡✕✞ ✍✎✞ ✟✝☎✆✝ ♦✝✡ ✌☎ ✡✎✝✡ ♦✠✝✡✱
First Flight

✑☎✕✠♦♦ ✌✡ ✍✝♦ ✒✠✖✝✑♦✠ ♦✎✠ ✖✝✘✠ ✝✕✕ ✡✎✠ ✍✝✞ ❣☛✄✘

✏✄✔✔✌☎♦ ❇✠✌✔✎✡♦ ✝☎✆ ✎✠☛ ❣✠✠✡ ✍✠☛✠ ✑♦✑✝✕✕✞ ✖✝☞✠✆
✍✌✡✎ ✆☛✞ ✘✑✆s ✏✑✡ ☎✄ ✄☎✠ ☛✠✝✕✕✞ ✡✎✄✑✔✎✡ ✘✑✖✎
✝✒✄✑✡ ✟✝☎✆✝ ❛✠✡☛✄☎♦☞✌✱ ✄☎✖✠ ♦✎✠ ♦✝✡ ✌☎ ✡✎✠ ✖✄☛☎✠☛
✄❣ ✡✎✠ ☛✄✄✘s
64 ❚✎✠ ✡✌✘✠ ✍✎✠☎ ✡✎✠✞ ✡✎✄✑✔✎✡ ✝✒✄✑✡ ✟✝☎✆✝ ✍✝♦
✄✑✡♦✌✆✠ ✄❣ ♦✖✎✄✄✕ ✎✄✑☛♦ ✜ ✝✡ ☎✄✄☎✢✡✌✘✠ ✍✎✠☎ ✡✎✠✞
✍✠☛✠ ✖✄✘✌☎✔ ✒✝✖☞ ✡✄ ♦✖✎✄✄✕ ✄☛ ✌☎ ✡✎✠ ✘✄☛☎✌☎✔ ✠✝☛✕✞
✒✠❣✄☛✠ ♦✖✎✄✄✕ ✒✠✔✝☎✱ ✍✎✠☎ ✔☛✄✑❜♦ ✄❣ ✡✍✄ ✄☛ ✡✎☛✠✠✱
✄☛ ✠✓✠☎ ✘✄☛✠✱ ✍✄✑✕✆ ✒✠ ✡✝✕☞✌☎✔ ✝☎✆ ✕✝✑✔✎✌☎✔ ✄☎
✡✎✠✌☛ ✍✝✞ ✡✄ ✡✎✠ ♦✖✎✄✄✕ ✞✝☛✆s
❚✎✠☎✱ ♦✄✘✠✡✌✘✠♦✱ ✡✎✠✞ ✍✝✌✡✠✆ ❣✄☛ ✟✝☎✆✝ ✜ ✡✄
✎✝✓✠ ❣✑☎ ✍✌✡✎ ✎✠☛s
❚✎✠ ☎✠✗✡ ✆✝✞✱ ❚✑✠♦✆✝✞✱ ✟✝☎✆✝ ✍✝♦ ☎✄✡ ✌☎ ♦✖✎✄✄✕✱
✠✌✡✎✠☛s r☎✆ ☎✄✒✄✆✞ ☎✄✡✌✖✠✆ ✎✠☛ ✝✒♦✠☎✖✠ ✝✔✝✌☎s
✏✑✡ ✄☎ ✟✠✆☎✠♦✆✝✞✱ ❛✠✔✔✞ ✝☎✆ ✂✝✆✆✌✠✱ ✍✎✄ ♦✝✡
✆✄✍☎ ❣☛✄☎✡ ✍✌✡✎ ✄✡✎✠☛ ✖✎✌✕✆☛✠☎ ✍✎✄ ✔✄✡ ✔✄✄✆ ✘✝☛☞♦
✝☎✆ ✍✎✄ ✆✌✆☎✣✡ ✡☛✝✖☞ ✌☎ ✝ ✍✎✄✕✠ ✕✄✡ ✄❣ ✘✑✆✱ ✆✌✆
☎✄✡✌✖✠ ✡✎✝✡ ✟✝☎✆✝ ✍✝♦☎✣✡ ✡✎✠☛✠s ❛✠✔✔✞ ✍✝♦ ✡✎✠ ✘✄♦✡
❜✄❜✑✕✝☛ ✔✌☛✕ ✌☎ ♦✖✎✄✄✕s ✙✎✠ ✍✝♦ ❜☛✠✡✡✞✱ ♦✎✠ ✎✝✆
✘✝☎✞ ❜☛✠✡✡✞ ✖✕✄✡✎✠♦ ✝☎✆ ✎✠☛ ✎✝✌☛ ✍✝♦ ✖✑☛✕✞s ✂✝✆✆✌✠
✍✝♦ ✎✠☛ ✖✕✄♦✠♦✡ ❣☛✌✠☎✆s ❚✎✠ ☛✠✝♦✄☎ ❛✠✔✔✞ ✝☎✆ ✂✝✆✆✌✠
☎✄✡✌✖✠✆ ✟✝☎✆✝✣♦ ✝✒♦✠☎✖✠ ✍✝♦ ✒✠✖✝✑♦✠ ✟✝☎✆✝ ✎✝✆
✘✝✆✠ ✡✎✠✘ ✕✝✡✠ ✡✄ ♦✖✎✄✄✕s ❚✎✠✞ ✎✝✆ ✍✝✌✡✠✆ ✝☎✆
✇ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✝✞ ✟ ❛☎ ✠ ✂✝ ✡ ☛✄ ☞✝✌✄ ✆✍❛ ✇✁✂✡ ✡✄✞✠ ❛☎
☞✡✄ s✍☞✂ ✡ ☎❛✎✂ ✏✝✌✄✑
❚✡✄✒ ✝✆✂✄❛ ✇ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✝✞ ✟ ❛☎ ✓✄✂✞✝❛☞♦✁ ✔ ✂✝ ✡ ☛✄
✆✍❛ ✇✁✂✡ ✡✄✞✑
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲✕✖✗✖ ❡✘ ✙✕✖ ✚✛✜✢✢✗✣✣✤ ✥✣✖✢ ❲✜✘✥✜ ✢❡✙ ✜✘✥ ✦✕✧★
✷✳ ❲✕✖✗✖ ✥✣✖✢ ❲✜✘✥✜ ✛❡✩✖★ ❲✕✜✙ ✪❡✘✥ ✣✫ ✜ ✬✛✜✚✖ ✥✣ ✧✣✭ ✙✕❡✘✪ ❡✙ ❡✢★
✸✳ ❲✕✖✘ ✜✘✥ ✦✕✧ ✥✣ ✮✖✯✯✧ ✜✘✥ ✰✜✥✥❡✖ ✘✣✙❡✚✖ ❲✜✘✥✜✱✢ ✜✲✢✖✘✚✖★
✹✳ ❲✕✜✙ ✥✣ ✧✣✭ ✙✕❡✘✪ ✴✙✣ ✕✜✩✖ ✫✭✘ ✦❡✙✕ ✕✖✗✵ ✤✖✜✘✢★
✟ ❛☎ ✓✄✂✞✝❛☞♦✁✑ ✺✝☞✂ ✝✆ ✂✡✄ ✏✡✁✻☎✞✄❛ ✁❛ ✼✝✝✌
❚✡✁✞✂✄✄❛ ☎✁☎❛✎✂ ✡ ☛✄ ❛ ✌✄☞ ✻✁♦✄ ✂✡ ✂✑ ❚✡✄✒ ✡ ☎
❛ ✌✄☞ ✄ ☞✒ ✂✝ ☞ ✒✠ ✻✁♦✄ ❚✡✝✌ ☞✠ ♥✌✁✂✡ ✝✞ ✽✻✻✄❛✑
❚✡✄✞✄ ✇ ☞ ✝❛✄ ✾✝✒ ❛ ✌✄☎ ✿✝✍❛✏✄✠ ✟✁✻✻✁✄ ✿✝✍❛✏✄✠
❛☎ ❀✄✝❀✻✄ ✂✡✝✍❁✡✂ ✂✡ ✂ ✇ ☞ ✆✍❛❛✒✠ ✾✍✂ ❛✝✂ ✆✍❛❛✒
✁❛ ✂✡✄ ☞ ✌✄ ✇ ✒ ✂✡ ✂ ✓✄✂✞✝❛☞♦✁ ✇ ☞✑
✟ ❛☎ ☎✁☎❛✎✂ ✡ ☛✄ ❛✒ ✆✞✁✄❛☎☞✑ ♥✡✄ ✏ ✌✄ ✂✝
☞✏✡✝✝✻ ✻✝❛✄ ❛☎ ✇✄❛✂ ✡✝✌✄ ✻✝❛✄✑ ♥✡✄ ✻✇ ✒☞
✇✝✞✄ ✆ ☎✄☎ ✾✻✍✄ ☎✞✄☞☞ ✂✡ ✂ ☎✁☎❛✎✂ ✡ ❛❁ ✞✁❁✡✂✑ ❂✂ didn’t hang right
✇ ☞ ✏✻✄ ❛✠ ✾✍✂ ✁✂ ✻✝✝♦✄☎ ☞ ✂✡✝✍❁✡ ✁✂ ✡ ☎ ❛✄☛✄✞ didn’t fit properly
✾✄✄❛ ✁✞✝❛✄☎ ❀✞✝❀✄✞✻✒✑ ♥✡✄ ☎✁☎❛✎✂ ✡ ☛✄ ❛✒ ✆✞✁✄❛☎☞✠ 65
✾✍✂ ✻✝✂ ✝✆ ❁✁✞✻☞ ✂ ✻♦✄☎ ✂✝ ✡✄✞✑ ♥✝✌✄✂✁✌✄☞✠ ✂✡✄✒
☞✍✞✞✝✍❛☎✄☎ ✡✄✞ ✁❛ ✂✡✄ ☞✏✡✝✝✻ ✒ ✞☎ ☞ ☞✡✄ ☞✂✝✝☎
✇ ✂✏✡✁❛❁ ✂✡✄ ✻✁✂✂✻✄ ❁✁✞✻☞ ❀✻ ✒ ✡✝❀☞✏✝✂✏✡ ✝❛ ✂✡✄ ✇✝✞❛ hopscotch
✡ ✞☎ ❁✞✝✍❛☎✑ a game in which
children hop into and
➇✟ ❛☎ ✠❃ ✓✄❁❁✒ ✇✝✍✻☎ ☞ ✒ ✁❛ ✌✝☞✂ ✏✝✍✞✂✄✝✍☞ over squares marked
✌ ❛❛✄✞ ☞ ✂✡✝✍❁✡ ☞✡✄ ✇✄✞✄ ✂ ✻♦✁❛❁ ✂✝ ✺✁☞☞ ✺ ☞✝❛✑

The Hundred Dresses ñI

on the ground
➇✟ ❛☎ ✠❃ ☞✡✄✎☎ ☞ ✒✠ ❁✁☛✁❛❁ ✝❛✄ ✝✆ ✡✄✞ ✆✞✁✄❛☎☞ ❛✍☎❁✄✠ nudge
➇✂✄✻✻ ✍☞✑ ❄✝✇ ✌ ❛✒ ☎✞✄☞☞✄☞ ☎✁☎ ✒✝✍ ☞ ✒ ✒✝✍ ✡ ☎ a gentle push
✡ ❛❁✁❛❁ ✍❀ ✁❛ ✒✝✍✞ ✏✻✝☞✄✂❤❃
 ➇ ✁✂✄☎✆❡☎✝✞ ✟❛✄☎❛ ✠✡✂☛☎ ☞❛✌✍
➇ ✁✂✄☎✆❡☎✎✞ ❡✏✑☛❛✒✓❡☎ ❛☛☛ ✔✁❡ ☛✒✔✔☛❡ ✕✒✆☛☞
✒✄✑✆❡☎✂☛✡✂☞☛✌✝ ❛✄☎ ✔✁❡ ☛✒✔✔☛❡ ✡✄❡☞ ✠✡✂☛☎ ☞✔✡✐ ✐☛❛✌✒✄✕ incredulously
✁✡✐☞✑✡✔✑✁ ❛✄☎ ☛✒☞✔❡✄✍ showing
➇✖❡❛✁✝ ❛ ✁✂✄☎✆❡☎✝ ❛☛☛ ☛✒✄❡☎ ✂✐✝✞ ☞❛✒☎ ✟❛✄☎❛✍ unwillingness to
believe
❚✁❡✄ ✁❡✆ ✔✁✒✄ ☛✒✐☞ ☎✆❡✠ ✔✡✕❡✔✁❡✆ ✒✄ ☞✒☛❡✄✑❡✍
➇✟✁❛✔ ❛✆❡ ✔✁❡✌ ☛✒✗❡✘ ☛☛ ☞✒☛✗✝ ✙ ✚❡✔✝✞ ☞❛✒☎ ✛❡✕✕✌✍
➇✖❡❛✁✝ ❛☛☛ ☞✒☛✗✝ ❛☛☛ ✑✡☛✡✂✆☞✍✞
➇✜❡☛✢❡✔✝ ✔✡✡✘✞
➇✖❡❛✁✝ ✢❡☛✢❡✔ ✔✡✡✍ ✁✂✄☎✆❡☎ ☎✆❡☞☞❡☞✝✞ ✟❛✄☎❛
✠✡✂☛☎ ✆❡✐❡❛✔ ☞✔✡☛✒☎☛✌✍ ➇ ☛☛ ☛✒✄❡☎ ✂✐ ✒✄ ✓✌ ✑☛✡☞❡✔✍✞ stolidly
❚✁❡✄ ✔✁❡✌✣☎ ☛❡✔ ✁❡✆ ✕✡✍ ✄☎ ✔✁❡✄ ✚❡✤✡✆❡ ☞✁❡✣☎ not showing any
✕✡✄❡ ✢❡✆✌ ✤❛✆✝ ✔✁❡✌ ✑✡✂☛☎✄✣✔ ✁❡☛✐ ✚✂✆☞✔✒✄✕ ✒✄✔✡ feeling

☞✁✆✒❡✗☞ ❛✄☎ ✐❡❛☛☞ ✡✤ ☛❛✂✕✁✔❡✆✍

✁✂✄☎✆❡☎ ☎✆❡☞☞❡☞✎ ❆✚✢✒✡✂☞☛✌✝ ✔✁❡ ✡✄☛✌ ☎✆❡☞☞
✟❛✄☎❛ ✁❛☎ ✠❛☞ ✔✁❡ ✚☛✂❡ ✡✄❡ ☞✁❡ ✠✡✆❡ ❡✢❡✆✌ ☎❛✌✍ ✥✡
✠✁✌ ☎✒☎ ☞✁❡ ☞❛✌ ☞✁❡ ✁❛☎ ❛ ✁✂✄☎✆❡☎✘ ✟✁❛✔ ❛ ☞✔✡✆✌✎
➇✦✡✠ ✓❛✄✌ ☞✁✡❡☞ ☎✒☎ ✌✡✂ ☞❛✌ ✌✡✂ ✁❛☎✘✞
First Flight

➇✥✒✏✔✌ ✐❛✒✆☞✍ ☛☛ ☛✒✄❡☎ ✂✐ ✒✄ ✓✌ ✑☛✡☞❡✔✍✞

❈✆✒❡☞ ✡✤ ❡✏❛✕✕❡✆❛✔❡☎ ✐✡☛✒✔❡✄❡☞☞ ✕✆❡❡✔❡☎ ✔✁✒☞✍ ➇ ☛☛
❛☛✒✗❡✘✞
➇❆✁✝ ✄✡✍ ✧✢❡✆✌ ✐❛✒✆ ✒☞ ☎✒✤✤❡✆❡✄✔✍ ☛☛ ✑✡☛✡✂✆☞✍ ☛☛
66 ☛✒✄❡☎ ✂✐✍✞
✛❡✕✕✌✝ ✠✁✡ ✁❛☎ ✔✁✡✂✕✁✔ ✂✐ ✔✁✒☞ ✕❛✓❡✝ ❛✄☎
▼❛☎☎✒❡✝ ✁❡✆ ✒✄☞❡✐❛✆❛✚☛❡ ✤✆✒❡✄☎✝ ✠❡✆❡ ❛☛✠❛✌☞ ✔✁❡
☛❛☞✔ ✔✡ ☛❡❛✢❡✍ ❧✒✄❛☛☛✌ ✟❛✄☎❛ ✠✡✂☛☎ ✓✡✢❡ ✂✐ ✔✁❡
☞✔✆❡❡✔✝ ✁❡✆ ❡✌❡☞ ☎✂☛☛ ❛✄☎ ✁❡✆ ✓✡✂✔✁ ✑☛✡☞❡☎✝ ✁✒✔✑✁✒✄✕
✁❡✆ ☛❡✤✔ ☞✁✡✂☛☎❡✆ ❡✢❡✆✌ ✄✡✠ ❛✄☎ ✔✁❡✄ ✒✄ ✔✁❡ ✤✂✄✄✌
✠❛✌ ☞✁❡ ✁❛☎✝ ✤✒✄✒☞✁✒✄✕ ✔✁❡ ✠❛☛✗ ✔✡ ☞✑✁✡✡☛ ❛☛✡✄❡✍
✛❡✕✕✌ ✠❛☞ ✄✡✔ ✆❡❛☛☛✌ ✑✆✂❡☛✍ ✥✁❡ ✐✆✡✔❡✑✔❡☎ ☞✓❛☛☛
✑✁✒☛☎✆❡✄ ✤✆✡✓ ✚✂☛☛✒❡☞✍ ✄☎ ☞✁❡ ✑✆✒❡☎ ✤✡✆ ✁✡✂✆☞ ✒✤ ☞✁❡ bullies
☞❛✠ ❛✄ ❛✄✒✓❛☛ ✓✒☞✔✆❡❛✔❡☎✍ ✙✤ ❛✄✌✚✡☎✌ ✁❛☎ ☞❛✒☎ ✔✡ those who use their
✁❡✆✝ ➇❉✡✄✣✔ ✌✡✂ ✔✁✒✄✗ ✔✁❛✔ ✒☞ ❛ ✑✆✂❡☛ ✠❛✌ ✔✡ ✔✆❡❛✔ strength or power to
✟❛✄☎❛✘✞ ☞✁❡ ✠✡✂☛☎ ✁❛✢❡ ✚❡❡✄ ✢❡✆✌ ☞✂✆✐✆✒☞❡☎✍ ❈✆✂❡☛✘ frighten weaker
people
✟✁✌ ☎✒☎ ✔✁❡ ✕✒✆☛ ☞❛✌ ☞✁❡ ✁❛☎ ❛ ✁✂✄☎✆❡☎ ☎✆❡☞☞❡☞✘
✄✌✚✡☎✌ ✑✡✂☛☎ ✔❡☛☛ ✔✁❛✔ ✔✁❛✔ ✠❛☞ ❛ ☛✒❡✍ ✟✁✌ ☎✒☎ ☞✁❡
✠❛✄✔ ✔✡ ☛✒❡✘ ✄☎ ☞✁❡ ✠❛☞✄✣✔ ✇✂☞✔ ❛✄ ✡✆☎✒✄❛✆✌ ✐❡✆☞✡✄✝
❡☛☞❡ ✠✁✌ ☎✒☎ ☞✁❡ ✁❛✢❡ ❛ ✄❛✓❡ ☛✒✗❡ ✔✁❛✔✘ ✄✌✠❛✌✝
✔✁❡✌ ✄❡✢❡✆ ✓❛☎❡ ✁❡✆ ✑✆✌✍
☞ ✤✡✆ ▼❛☎☎✒❡✝ ✔✁✒☞ ✚✂☞✒✄❡☞☞ ✡✤ ❛☞✗✒✄✕ ✟❛✄☎❛
❡✢❡✆✌ ☎❛✌ ✁✡✠ ✓❛✄✌ ☎✆❡☞☞❡☞ ❛✄☎ ✁✡✠ ✓❛✄✌ ✁❛✔☞✝
❛ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✆❛ ✝ ✞✂✟✠ ❛ ✁ ✞✂❛✞ ✠✂✡ ✂❛✁ ☎❛✠ ☛✄✞✂✡☞✟ ✌
✂✡☞✳ ✍❛✁✁✟✡ ☎❛✠ ✎✄✄☞ ✂✡☞✠✡✏✑✳ ✒✂✡ ✓✠✓❛✏✏✝ ☎✄☞✡
✠✄✆✡☛✄✁✝s✠ ✂❛ ✁❤✆✡❤✁✄☎ ✔✏✄✞✂✡✠✳ ✕✂❛ ✖ ✌✄✄✁ ✡✠✠✗ hand-me-down
✠✂✡ ✁✟✁ s✞ ✏✟✘✡ ✓✎ ✄ ✙✄✌✌✟ ✠ ✚✡✟✌✂✞✠ ✄☞ ✂❛✘✡ ❛ clothes
✑✓ ✝ ❛✆✡✳ old clothes, handed
down by someone
✒✄✆✡✞✟✆✡✠✗ ☎✂✡ ❙✡✌✌✝ ☎❛✠ ❛✠✖✟ ✌ ✛❛ ✁❛ ✞✂✄✠✡ else
q✓✡✠✞✟✄ ✠ ✟ ✞✂❛✞ ✆✄✔✖✟ ✌ ✎✄✏✟✞✡ ✘✄✟✔✡✗ ✍❛✁✁✟✡ ✑✡✏✞ mocking
✡✆☛❛☞☞❛✠✠✡✁ ❛ ✁ ✠✞✓✁✟✡✁ ✞✂✡ ✆❛☞☛✏✡✠ ✟ ✞✂✡ ✎❛✏✆ here, false; meant
✄✑ ✂✡☞ ✂❛ ✁✗ ☞✄✏✏✟ ✌ ✞✂✡✆ ❛☞✄✓ ✁ ❛ ✁ ✠❛✝✟ ✌ ✄✞✂✟ ✌ to make fun of
✂✡☞✠✡✏✑✳ ✜✄✞ ✞✂❛✞ ✠✂✡ ✑✡✏✞ ✠✄☞☞✝ ✑✄☞ ✛❛ ✁❛✗ ✡✢❛✔✞✏✝✳ embarrassed
✒✂✡ ☎✄✓✏✁ ✡✘✡☞ ✂❛✘✡ ✎❛✟✁ ❛ ✝ ❛✞✞✡ ✞✟✄ ✞✄ ✛❛ ✁❛ ashamed
✟✑ ❙✡✌✌✝ ✂❛✁ s✞ ✟ ✘✡ ✞✡✁ ✞✂✡ ✁☞✡✠✠✡✠ ✌❛✆✡✳ ✙✓✞
✠✓✎✎✄✠✡ ❙✡✌✌✝ ❛ ✁ ❛✏✏ ✞✂✡ ✄✞✂✡☞✠ ✠✞❛☞✞✡✁ ✟ ✄ ✂✡☞
✡✢✞♥ ✒✂✡ ☎❛✠ s✞ ❛✠ ✎✄✄☞ ❛✠ ✛❛ ✁❛✗ ✎✡☞✂❛✎✠✗ ☛✓✞
✠✂✡ ☎❛✠ ✎✄✄☞✳ ✣✑ ✔✄✓☞✠✡ ✠✂✡ ☎✄✓✏✁ ✂❛✘✡ ✆✄☞✡ ✠✡ ✠✡
✞✂❛ ✞✄ ✠❛✝ ✠✂✡ ✂❛✁ ❛ ✂✓ ✁☞✡✁ ✁☞✡✠✠✡✠✳ ✒✞✟✏✏ ✠✂✡
☎✄✓✏✁ ✄✞ ✏✟✖✡ ✑✄☞ ✞✂✡✆ ✞✄ ☛✡✌✟ ✄ ✂✡☞✳ ✒✂✡ ☎✟✠✂✡✁
❙✡✌✌✝ ☎✄✓✏✁ ✠✞✄✎ ✞✡❛✠✟ ✌ ✛❛ ✁❛ ❙✡✞☞✄ ✠✖✟✳
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✤ ■✥ ✦✧★✩ ✦★✪ ✦★✫ ✬★✥✭★ ✭✮✯✯❢✰❢✥✩ ✯✰♦✱ ✩✧❢ ♦✩✧❢✰ ✲✧✮✴✭✰❢✥❡ 67
✷✤ ❉✮✭ ✬★✥✭★ ✧★✵❢ ★ ✧✸✥✭✰❢✭ ✭✰❢✫✫❢✫❡ ✬✧✪ ✭♦ ✪♦✸ ✩✧✮✥✹ ✫✧❢ ✫★✮✭
✫✧❢ ✭✮✭❡
✺✤ ✬✧✪ ✮✫ ❲★✭✭✮❢ ❢✱✻★✰✰★✫✫❢✭ ✻✪ ✩✧❢ ✼✸❢✫✩✮♦✥✫ ✽❢✾✾✪ ★✫✹✫ ✬★✥✭★❡ ■✫
✫✧❢ ★✴✫♦ ✴✮✹❢ ✬★✥✭★✿ ♦✰ ✮✫ ✫✧❢ ✭✮✯✯❢✰❢✥✩❡
✕✄✁❛✝✗ ✡✘✡ ✞✂✄✓✌✂ ✞✂✡✝ ✂❛✁ ☛✡✡ ✏❛✞✡ ✞✄ ✠✔✂✄✄✏✗
✍❛✁✁✟✡ ☎❛✠ ✌✏❛✁ ✠✂✡ ✂❛✁ ✄✞ ✂❛✁ ✞✄ ✆❛✖✡ ✑✓ ✄✑

The Hundred Dresses ñI

✛❛ ✁❛✳ ✒✂✡ ☎✄☞✖✡✁ ✂✡☞ ❛☞✟✞✂✆✡✞✟✔ ✎☞✄☛✏✡✆✠ ❛☛✠✡ ✞❤
✆✟ ✁✡✁✏✝✳ ♠❀✟✌✂✞ ✞✟✆✡✠ ✡✟✌✂✞ ❁ ✏✡✞s✠ ✠✡✡❂❃ ✒✂✡
☎✟✠✂✡✁ ✠✂✡ ✂❛✁ ✞✂✡ ✡☞✘✡ ✞✄ ☎☞✟✞✡ ❙✡✌✌✝ ❛ ✄✞✡✗
☛✡✔❛✓✠✡ ✠✂✡ ✖ ✡☎ ✠✂✡ ✡✘✡☞ ☎✄✓✏✁ ✂❛✘✡ ✞✂✡ ✔✄✓☞❛✌✡
✞✄ ✠✎✡❛✖ ☞✟✌✂✞ ✄✓✞ ✞✄ ❙✡✌✌✝✗ ✞✄ ✠❛✝✗ ♠✚✡✝✗ ❙✡✌✗ ✏✡✞s✠
✠✞✄✎ ❛✠✖✟ ✌ ✛❛ ✁❛ ✂✄☎ ✆❛ ✝ ✁☞✡✠✠✡✠ ✠✂✡ ✂❛✠✳❃
✛✂✡ ✠✂✡ ✑✟ ✟✠✂✡✁ ✂✡☞ ❛☞✟✞✂✆✡✞✟✔ ✠✂✡ ✁✟✁ ✠✞❛☞✞ ❛
✄✞✡ ✞✄ ❙✡✌✌✝✳ ✒✓✁✁✡ ✏✝ ✠✂✡ ✎❛✓✠✡✁ ❛ ✁ ✠✂✓✁✁✡☞✡✁✳
✒✂✡ ✎✟✔✞✓☞✡✁ ✂✡☞✠✡✏✑ ✟ ✞✂✡ ✠✔✂✄✄✏ ✝❛☞✁✗ ❛ ✡☎ ✞❛☞✌✡✞ target
✑✄☞ ❙✡✌✌✝ ❛ ✁ ✞✂✡ ✌✟☞✏✠✳ ❙✡✌✌✝ ✆✟✌✂✞ ❛✠✖ ✂✡☞ ☎✂✡☞✡ here, a person
✠✂✡ ✌✄✞ ✞✂✡ ✁☞✡✠✠ ✞✂❛✞ ✠✂✡ ✂❛✁ ✄ ✗ ❛ ✁ ✍❛✁✁✟✡ deliberately chosen
for attack
☎✄✓✏✁ ✂❛✘✡ ✞✄ ✠❛✝ ✟✞ ☎❛✠ ✄ ✡ ✄✑ ❙✡✌✌✝s✠ ✄✏✁ ✄ ✡✠
✞✂❛✞ ✍❛✁✁✟✡s✠ ✆✄✞✂✡☞ ✂❛✁ ✞☞✟✡✁ ✞✄ ✁✟✠✌✓✟✠✡ ☎✟✞✂
 ♥ ✁ ✂✄☎✆✆☎♥✝✞ ✞✟ ♥✟ ✟♥ ☎♥ ✠✟✟✆ ✡☛☎✄✂ ♥ ✁✟☞✌✍
✄ r✟✝♥☎✞ ☎✂✎
■✏ ✟♥✌✑ ✒ ✝✝✑ ✁✟☞✌✍ ✍ r☎✍ ✟✏ ☛ ✄ ✟✁♥ ✓rr✟✄✍ ✂✟
✞✂✟s ☛✓✔☎♥✝ ✏☞♥ ✁☎✂☛ ✕✓♥✍✓✎ ❛☛✖ ✁ ✌✌✗ ✘✓✍✍☎ ✄✓♥
☛ ✄ ☛✓♥✍ ✂☛✄✟☞✝☛ ☛ ✄ ✞☛✟✄✂ ❤✌✟♥✍ ☛✓☎✄ ✓✞ ✂☛✟☞✝☛ ✂✟
s☞✞☛ ✂☛ ☞♥r✟✆✏✟✄✂✓❤✌ ✂☛✟☞✝☛✂✞ ✓✁✓✑✎ ✕☛✓✂
✍☎✏✏ ✄ ♥r ✍☎✍ ☎✂ ✆✓❞ ✙ ✚✌✟✁✌✑ ✘✓✍✍☎ ✂✟✄ ☎♥✂✟ ❤☎✂✞
✂☛ ♥✟✂ ✞☛ ☛✓✍ ✞✂✓✄✂ ✍✎ ✚☛ ✁✓✞ ✒ ✝✝✑t✞ ❤ ✞✂ ✏✄☎ ♥✍✖
✓♥✍ ✒ ✝✝✑ ✁✓✞ ✂☛ ❤ ✞✂✛✌☎❞ ✍ ✝☎✄✌ ☎♥ ✂☛ ✁☛✟✌ ✄✟✟✆✎
✒ ✝✝✑ r✟☞✌✍ ♥✟✂ s✟✞✞☎❤✌✑ ✍✟ ✓♥✑✂☛☎♥✝ ✂☛✓✂ ✁✓✞ ✄ ✓✌✌✑
✁✄✟♥✝✖ ✞☛ ✂☛✟☞✝☛✂✎
❆✞ ✏✟✄ ✕✓♥✍✓✖ ✞☛ ✁✓✞ ✜☞✞✂ ✞✟✆ ✝☎✄✌ ✁☛✟ ✌☎✔ ✍
☞s ✟♥ ✉✟✝✝☎♥✞ ✢ ☎✝☛✂✞ ✓♥✍ ✞✂✟✟✍ ✓✌✟♥ ☎♥ ✂☛ ✞r☛✟✟✌
✑✓✄✍✎ ✚☛ ✞r✓✄r ✌✑ ✔ ✄ ✞✓☎✍ ✓♥✑✂☛☎♥✝ ✂✟ ✓♥✑❤✟✍✑✎
✡☛ ✟♥✌✑ ✂☎✆ ✞☛ ✂✓✌❞ ✍ ✁✓✞ ☎♥ ✂☛ ✞r☛✟✟✌ ✑✓✄✍ ✓❤✟☞✂
☛ ✄ ☛☞♥✍✄ ✍ ✍✄ ✞✞ ✞✎ ✘✓✍✍☎ ✄ ✆ ✆❤ ✄ ✍ ☛ ✄ ✂ ✌✌☎♥✝
✓❤✟☞✂ ✟♥ ✟✏ ☛ ✄ ✍✄ ✞✞ ✞✖ s✓✌ ❤✌☞ ✁☎✂☛ r✟✌✟☞✄ ✍
First Flight

✂✄☎✆✆☎♥✝✞✎ ❆♥✍ ✞☛ ✄ ✆ ✆❤ ✄ ✍ ✓♥✟✂☛ ✄ ✂☛✓✂ ✁✓✞

❤✄☎✌✌☎✓♥✂ ✜☞♥✝✌ ✝✄ ♥ ✁☎✂☛ ✓ ✄ ✍ ✞✓✞☛✎ ❡✣✟☞t✍ ✌✟✟❞
✌☎❞ ✓ ❧☛✄☎✞✂✆✓✞ ✂✄ ☎♥ ✂☛✓✂✖✤ ✂☛ ✝☎✄✌✞ ☛✓✍ ✞✓☎✍ ☎♥
s✄ ✂ ♥✍ ✍ ✓✍✆☎✄✓✂☎✟♥✎ pretended
✡☛☎♥❞☎♥✝ ✓❤✟☞✂ ✕✓♥✍✓ ✓♥✍ ☛ ✄ ☛☞♥✍✄ ✍ ✍✄ ✞✞ ✞ not real
68 ✓✌✌ ✌☎♥ ✍ ☞s ☎♥ ✂☛ r✌✟✞ ✂✖ ✘✓✍✍☎ ❤ ✝✓♥ ✂✟ ✁✟♥✍ ✄
✁☛✟ ✁✓✞ ✝✟☎♥✝ ✂✟ ✁☎♥ ✂☛ ✍✄✓✁☎♥✝ ✓♥✍ r✟✌✟☞✄☎♥✝
r✟♥✂ ✞✂✎ ❝✟✄ ✝☎✄✌✞✖ ✂☛☎✞ r✟♥✂ ✞✂ r✟♥✞☎✞✂ ✍ ✟✏ ✍ ✞☎✝♥☎♥✝
✍✄ ✞✞ ✞ ✓♥✍ ✏✟✄ ❤✟✑✞✖ ✟✏ ✍ ✞☎✝♥☎♥✝ ✆✟✂✟✄❤✟✓✂✞✎
✒✄✟❤✓❤✌✑ ✒ ✝✝✑ ✁✟☞✌✍ ✁☎♥ ✂☛ ✝☎✄✌✞t ✆ ✍✓✌✎ ✒ ✝✝✑ ✍✄ ✁
❤ ✂✂ ✄ ✂☛✓♥ ✓♥✑✟♥ ✌✞ ☎♥ ✂☛ ✄✟✟✆✎ ❆✂ ✌ ✓✞✂✖ ✂☛✓✂t✞
✁☛✓✂ ✔ ✄✑❤✟✍✑ ✂☛✟☞✝☛✂✎ ✚☛ r✟☞✌✍ r✟s✑ ✓ s☎r✂☞✄ ☎♥
✓ ✆✓✝✓✥☎♥ ✟✄ ✞✟✆ ✏☎✌✆ ✞✂✓✄t✞ ☛ ✓✍ ✞✟ ✂☛✓✂ ✑✟☞ r✟☞✌✍
✓✌✆✟✞✂ ✂ ✌✌ ✁☛✟ ☎✂ ✁✓✞✎ ❛☛✖ ✘✓✍✍☎ ✁✓✞ ✞☞✄ ✒ ✝✝✑
✁✟☞✌✍ ✁☎♥✎ ✕ ✌✌✖ ✂✟✆✟✄✄✟✁ ✂☛ ✂ ✓r☛ ✄ ✁✓✞ ✝✟☎♥✝ ✂✟
✓♥♥✟☞♥r ✂☛ ✁☎♥♥ ✄✞✎ ✡☛ ♥ ✂☛ ✑t✍ ❞♥✟✁✎
✡☛ ♥ ❚✂ ✍✓✑ ☎✂ ✁✓✞ ✍✄☎✥✥✌☎♥✝✎ ✘✓✍✍☎ ✓♥✍ ✒ ✝✝✑ drizzling
☛☞✄✄☎ ✍ ✂✟ ✞r☛✟✟✌ ☞♥✍ ✄ ✒ ✝✝✑t✞ ☞✆❤✄ ✌✌✓✎ ✦✓✂☞✄✓✌✌✑✖ a very light rain was
falling
✟♥ ✓ ✍✓✑ ✌☎❞ ✂☛☎✞✖ ✂☛ ✑ ✍☎✍♥t✂ ✁✓☎✂ ✏✟✄ ✕✓♥✍✓
✒ ✂✄✟♥✞❞☎ ✟♥ ✂☛ r✟✄♥ ✄ ✟✏ ❛✌☎✔ ✄ ✚✂✄ ✂✖ ✂☛ ✞✂✄ ✂
✂☛✓✂ ✏✓✄✖ ✏✓✄ ✓✁✓✑✖ ☞♥✍ ✄ ✂☛ ✄✓☎✌✄✟✓✍ ✂✄✓r❞✞ ✓♥✍ ☞s
✂☛ ☛☎✌✌✖ ✌ ✍ ✂✟ ✉✟✝✝☎♥✞ ✢ ☎✝☛✂✞✎ ❆♥✑✁✓✑✖ ✂☛ ✑
✁ ✄ ♥t✂ ✂✓❞☎♥✝ r☛✓♥r ✞ ✟♥ ❤ ☎♥✝ ✌✓✂ ✂✟✍✓✑✖ ❤ r✓☞✞
✂✟✍✓✑ ✁✓✞ ☎✆s✟✄✂✓♥✂✎
 ➇ ✁ ✂✁✄ ☎✆✝✞✟ ✠✝✡✡ ✠☛✡✁✞ ☞✝✌✌ ☛✞✞✁✄✞✍✎ ☎✆✎
☞✝✞✞✎✇✡ ☎✁✏☛✂✑✒ ☛✡✟✎✏ ✓✎✔✔✂✕
➇✖✆✗ ✘ ✆✁✙✎ ✡✁✗ ☎✆✎ ✚✝✞✄☎✎ ☞✎ ✔✎☎ ✝✞✗✒ ✡☛✝✏
✠☛✏✏✝✎✕ ➇✖▼ ✍✁✄✇✡✎✗ ✂✁✄✛✌✌ ☞✝✞✗ ✓✎✔✕✒
➇✜✁✙✎ ✡✁✗✒ ✡☛✝✏ ✓✎✔✔✂ ✎☛✔✎✇✌✂✕
❚✆✎ ✚✝✞✄☎✎ ☎✆✎✂ ✎✞☎✎✇✎✏ ☎✆✎ ✍✌☛✡✡✇✁✁✚✗ ☎✆✎✂
✡☎✁✙✙✎✏ ✡✆✁✇☎ ☛✞✏ ✔☛✡✙✎✏✕ ❚✆✎✇✎ ☞✎✇✎ ✏✇☛☞✝✞✔✡ ☛✌✌
✁♦✎✇ ☎✆✎ ✇✁✁✚✗ ✁✞ ✎♦✎✇✂ ✌✎✏✔✎ ☛✞✏ ☞✝✞✏✁☞✡✝✌✌✗ ✏☛✢✢✌✝✞✔
✍✁✌✁✄✇✡ ☛✞✏ ❝✇✝✌✌✝☛✞☎✗ ✌☛♦✝✡✆ ✏✎✡✝✔✞✡✗ ☛✌✌ ✏✇☛☞✞ ✁✞ lavish
✔✇✎☛☎ ✡✆✎✎☎✡ ✁▼ ☞✇☛✙✙✝✞✔ ✙☛✙✎✇✕ ❚✆✎✇✎ ✚✄✡☎ ✆☛♦✎ ❝✎✎✞ very grand
☛ ✆✄✞✏✇✎✏ ✁▼ ☎✆✎✚✗ ☛✌✌ ✌✝✞✎✏ ✄✙✕ ❚✆✎✡✎ ✚✄✡☎ ❝✎ ☎✆✎
✏✇☛☞✝✞✔✡ ▼✁✇ ☎✆✎ ✍✁✞☎✎✡☎✕ ❚✆✎✂ ☞✎✇✎❞ ✣♦✎✇✂❝✁✏✂
✡☎✁✙✙✎✏ ☛✞✏ ☞✆✝✡☎✌✎✏ ✁✇ ✚✄✇✚✄✇✎✏ ☛✏✚✝✇✝✞✔✌✂✕
❆✡ ✡✁✁✞ ☛✡ ☎✆✎ ✍✌☛✡✡ ✆☛✏ ☛✡✡✎✚❝✌✎✏✗ ✠✝✡✡ ✠☛✡✁✞
☛✞✞✁✄✞✍✎✏ ☎✆✎ ☞✝✞✞✎✇✡✕ ❛☛✍✟ ✤✎✔✔✌✎✡ ✆☛✏ ☞✁✞ ▼✁✇
☎✆✎ ❝✁✂✡✗ ✡✆✎ ✡☛✝✏✗ ☛✞✏ ✆✝✡ ✏✎✡✝✔✞ ▼✁✇ ☛✞ ✁✄☎❝✁☛✇✏
✚✁☎✁✇ ☞☛✡ ✁✞ ✎♠✆✝❝✝☎✝✁✞ ✝✞ ✥✁✁✚ ❚☞✎✌♦✎✗ ☛✌✁✞✔ ☞✝☎✆
☎✆✎ ✡✟✎☎✍✆✎✡ ❝✂ ☛✌✌ ☎✆✎ ✁☎✆✎✇ ❝✁✂✡✕
➇❆✡ ▼✁✇ ☎✆✎ ✔✝✇✌✡✗✒ ✡✆✎ ✡☛✝✏✗ ➇☛✌☎✆✁✄✔✆ ✦✄✡☎ ✁✞✎ ✁✇
☎☞✁ ✡✟✎☎✍✆✎✡ ☞✎✇✎ ✡✄❝✚✝☎☎✎✏ ❝✂ ✚✁✡☎✗ ✁✞✎ ✔✝✇✌ t
☛✞✏ ✥✁✁✚ ❚✆✝✇☎✎✎✞ ✡✆✁✄✌✏ ❝✎ ✙✇✁✄✏ ✁▼ ✆✎✇ t ☎✆✝✡ 69
✁✞✎ ✔✝✇✌ ☛✍☎✄☛✌✌✂ ✏✇✎☞ ✁✞✎ ✆✄✞✏✇✎✏ ✏✎✡✝✔✞✡ t ☛✌✌
✏✝▼▼✎✇✎✞☎ ☛✞✏ ☛✌✌ ❝✎☛✄☎✝▼✄✌✕ ✘✞ ☎✆✎ ✁✙✝✞✝✁✞ ✁▼ ☎✆✎
✦✄✏✔✎✡✗ ☛✞✂ ✁✞✎ ✁▼ ☎✆✎ ✏✇☛☞✝✞✔✡ ✝✡ ☞✁✇☎✆✂ ✁▼ ☞✝✞✞✝✞✔
☎✆✎ ✙✇✝✢✎✕ ✘ ☛✚ ♦✎✇✂ ✆☛✙✙✂ ☎✁ ✡☛✂ ☎✆☛☎ ✧☛✞✏☛
✓✎☎✇✁✞✡✟✝ ✝✡ ☎✆✎ ☞✝✞✞✎✇ ✁▼ ☎✆✎ ✔✝✇✌✡✛ ✚✎✏☛✌✕

The Hundred Dresses ñI

 ❯ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✝☎✞✟✠✡ ☛✝ ❛✝ ☞✝✌ ✍✞✞ ✝✍✌✞ ☎ ✁✄✂♦ ✌✎☞✂✂✟
✁✂✄ ✌✂♦✞ ❛✝✠✌ ✝ ❛ ❢✌ ✂☎ ☞✞✄✞ ☎✂ ✄✞✎✞❢✏✞ ☎☞✞
✝✑✑✟✝✆✌✞ ☎☞✝☎ ❢✌ ❛✆✞ ☎✂ ☞✞✄✳ ✒✞☎ ✆✌ ☞✂✑✞ ✌☞✞ ✓❢✟✟ ✍✞
✍✝✎❜ ☎✂♦✂✄✄✂✓✳ ✔✂✓ ✎✟✝✌✌✡ ✠✂✆ ♦✝✠ ✁❢✟✞ ✝✄✂✆ ❛ ☎☞✞
✄✂✂♦ r✆❢✞☎✟✠ ✝ ❛ ✟✂✂❜ ✝☎ ☞✞✄ ✞✕r✆❢✌❢☎✞ ❛✄✝✓❢ ❞✌✳✖ exquisite
❚☞✞ ✎☞❢✟❛✄✞ ✍✆✄✌☎ ❢ ☎✂ ✝✑✑✟✝✆✌✞✡ ✝ ❛ ✞✏✞ ☎☞✞ extremely beautiful
✍✂✠✌ ✓✞✄✞ ❞✟✝❛ ☎✂ ☞✝✏✞ ✝ ✎☞✝ ✎✞ ☎✂ ✌☎✝♦✑ ✂ ☎☞✞ and well-made

✁✟✂✂✄✡ ✑✆☎ ☎☞✞❢✄ ✁❢ ❞✞✄✌ ❢ ☎☞✞❢✄ ♦✂✆☎☞✌ ✝ ❛ ✓☞❢✌☎✟✞✡ burst into

☎☞✂✆❞☞ ☎☞✞✠ ✓✞✄✞ ✂☎ ❢ ☎✞✄✞✌☎✞❛ ❢ ❛✄✞✌✌✞✌✳ applause
First Flight

suddenly and
➇✒✂✂❜✡ ✗✞❞✡✖ ✓☞❢✌✑✞✄✞❛ ✘✝❛❛❢✞✳ ➇❚☞✞✄✞✙✌ ☎☞✝☎ ✍✟✆✞ spontaneously
✂ ✞ ✌☞✞ ☎✂✟❛ ✆✌ ✝✍✂✆☎✳ ✚✌ ✙☎ ❢☎ ✍✞✝✆☎❢✁✆✟✛✖ clapped hands
➇✜✞✌✡✖ ✌✝❢❛ ✗✞❞❞✠✡ ➇❡ ❛ ☞✞✄✞✙✌ ☎☞✝☎ ❞✄✞✞ ✂ ✞✳
❇✂✠✡ ✝ ❛ ✚ ☎☞✂✆❞☞☎ ✚ ✎✂✆✟❛ ❛✄✝✓✳✖
70
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✢ ❲✣✤ ✥✦✥✧★✩ ✪✫✥✥✦✬ ✫✭✮ ✯✬✰✰✦✬ ✩✱ ✭✩✱✲ ✩✬✫✭✦✧✰ ❲✫✧✥✫✴ ❲✣✫✩ ✵✫✭ ✭✣✬
✫✷✸✫✦✥ ✱✷✴
✹✢ ❲✣✱ ✥✦✥ ✪✫✥✥✦✬ ✩✣✦✧✮ ✵✱✺✻✥ ✵✦✧ ✩✣✬ ✥✸✫✵✦✧✰ ✼✱✧✩✬✭✩✴ ❲✣✤✴
✽✢ ❲✣✱ ✵✱✧ ✩✣✬ ✥✸✫✵✦✧✰ ✼✱✧✩✬✭✩✴ ❲✣✫✩ ✣✫✥ ✩✣✬ ✵✦✧✧✬✸ ✥✸✫✵✧✴

✾✿ ❍❀❁ ❂❃ ❄❅❆❈❅ ❃❉❉❆ ❅❃ ❈❂❊❊❉❋❉❆● ■❏ ●❑❉ ❀●❑❉❋ ▲❂❋▼❃◆ ❍❀❁ ❈❀ ●❑❉❏ ●❋❉❅● ❑❉❋◆
❖✿ ❍❀❁ ❈❀❉❃ ❄❅❆❈❅ ❊❉❉▼ ❅■❀P● ●❑❉ ❈❋❉❃❃❉❃ ▲❅◗❉◆ ❄❑❏ ❈❀❉❃ ❃❑❉ ❃❅❏ ●❑❅● ❃❑❉
❑❅❃ ❅ ❑P❆❈❋❉❈ ❈❋❉❃❃❉❃◆
❘✿ ❄❑❏ ❈❀❉❃ ❙❅❈❈❂❉ ❃●❅❆❈ ■❏ ❅❆❈ ❆❀● ❈❀ ❅❆❏●❑❂❆▲◆ ❍❀❁ ❂❃ ❃❑❉ ❈❂❊❊❉❋❉❆● ❊❋❀◗
❱❉▲▲❏◆ ❳❄❅❃ ❱❉▲▲❏❨❃ ❊❋❂❉❆❈❃❑❂❩ ❂◗❩❀❋●❅❆● ●❀ ❙❅❈❈❂❉◆ ❄❑❏◆ ❄❑❂❬❑ ▼❂❆❉❃ ❂❆
●❑❉ ●❉t● ●❉▼▼ ❏❀P ●❑❂❃◆❭
❪✿ ❄❑❅● ❈❀❉❃ ❙❂❃❃ ❙❅❃❀❆ ●❑❂❆❫ ❀❊ ❄❅❆❈❅❨❃ ❈❋❅❁❂❆▲❃◆ ❄❑❅● ❈❀ ●❑❉ ❬❑❂▼❈❋❉❆
●❑❂❆❫ ❀❊ ●❑❉◗◆ ❍❀❁ ❈❀ ❏❀P ❫❆❀❁◆
■✳ ▲ ✁ ✂✄ ✄☎✆✝✆ ✝✆✞✄✆✞✟✆✝
✭✂✮ ❙☎✆ ✝✂✄ ✠✞ ✄☎✆ ✟ ✡✞✆✡ ☛ ✄☎✆ ✡ ☞ ✇☎✆✡✆ ✄☎✆ ✡ ✌✍☎ ✎ ✏✝ ✑✒✓ ✔✕✔ ✖✓✗
♠✘✙✚ ✛✓✓✔ ♠✘✜✙✢ ✝✂✄✥ ✄☎✆ ✟ ✡✞✆✡ ☛ ✄☎✆ ✡ ☞ ✑✒✚✜✚ ✗✒✚✜✚ ✑✘✢ ♠✓✢✗
✢s✣✤✤✦✕✖✛ ✓✤ ✤✚✚✗✥ ✳✳✳
✭✎✮ ❚☎✆ ✄✠☞✆ ✑✒✚✖ ✗✒✚✧ ✗✒✓✣✛✒✗ ✘★✓✣✗ ✩✘✖✔✘ ✇✂✝ ✌✄✝✠✪✆ ☛ ✝✟☎ ✫ ☎ ✌✡✝ ✳✳✳
❚☎✆✝✆ ✠✄✂✫✠✟✠✝✆✪ ✟✫✂✌✝✆✝ ☎✆✫✬ ✌✝ ✄ ✠✪✆✞✄✠☛✏ ✂ ✝✆✄ ☛ ✎ ✏✝✥ ✂ ✬✫✂✟✆✥ ✂✞✪ ✂ ✄✠☞✆✳
❚☎✆✏ ✂✡✆ ✂✞✝✇✆✡✝ ✄ ✄☎✆ ✯✌✆✝✄✠ ✞✝ ✰✱☎✂✄ ✁✠✞✪ ☛ ✡ ✌✍☎ ✎ ✏✝✲✴ ✰✱☎✠✟☎ ✟ ✡✞✆✡
✪✠✪ ✝☎✆ ✝✠✄ ✠✞✲✴ ✂✞✪ ✰✱☎✂✄ ✬✂✡✄✠✟✌✫✂✡ ✄✠☞✆ ✌✄✝✠✪✆ ☛ ✝✟☎ ✫ ☎ ✌✡✝✲✴ ❚☎✆✏ ✂✡✆
✰✪✆☛✠✞✠✞✍✴ ✡ ✰✡✆✝✄✡✠✟✄✠➅✆✴ ✡✆✫✂✄✠➅✆ ✟✫✂✌✝✆✝✳ ✭✵ ☞✬✂✡✆ ✄☎✆☞ ✇✠✄☎ ✄☎✆ ✰✞ ✞✶
✪✆☛✠✞✠✞✍✴ ✡✆✫✂✄✠➅✆ ✟✫✂✌✝✆✝ ✪✠✝✟✌✝✝✆✪ ✠✞ ❞✞✠✄ ✷✳✮
❈✸✹✺✻✼✽ ✾✿✽ ❀✸❁❁✸❂✻✼❃ ✾✸ ✹❄❅✽ ❆✽✼✾✽✼❇✽❆ ❁✻❅✽ ✾✿✸❆✽ ❄✺✸❉✽❊
✷✳ ❚☎✠✝ ✠✝ ✄☎✆ ✎✌✝ ✭✇☎✂✄ ✁✠✞✪ ☛ ✎✌✝✲✮✳ ❋✗ ✛✓✚✢ ✗✓ ●✛✜✘✳ ✭✌✝✆ ✑✒✕s✒ ✡ ✗✒✘✗✮
❍✳ ■ ✇ ✌✫✪ ✫✠✁✆ ✄ ✎✌✏ ✭✘✮ ✝☎✠✡✄ ✭✇☎✠✟☎ ✝☎✠✡✄✲✮✳ ✭❏✒✚✮ ✢✒✕✜✗ ✕✢ ✕✖ ✗✒✚ ✢✒✓❑ ✑✕✖✔✓✑▼
✭✌✝✆ ✑✒✕s✒ ✡ ✗✒✘✗✮
◆✳ ❨ ✌ ☞✌✝✄ ✎✡✆✂✁ ✏ ✌✡ ☛✂✝✄ ✘✗ ✘ ❑✘✜✗✕s✣✦✘✜ ✗✕♠✚ ✭✇☎✆✞✲✮✳ ❨ ✌ ✝✆✆ ✄☎✆ ☞ ✞
✠✞ ✄☎✆ ✝✁✏✳ ✭✌✝✆ ✑✒✚✖✮
❖✳ P✠✞✪ ✂ ✇ ✡✪ ✭✇☎✂✄ ✁✠✞✪ ☛ ✇ ✡✪✲✮✳ ❋✗ ★✚✛✕✖✢ ✑✕✗✒ ✗✒✚ ✦✚✗✗✚✜ ◗▼ ✭✌✝✆ ✑✒✕s✒
✡ ✗✒✘✗✮
❘✳ ❯ ✇ ☛✠✞✪ ✂ ✬✆✡✝ ✞ ✭✇☎✂✄ ✁✠✞✪ ☛ ✬✆✡✝ ✞✮✳ ❱✕✢ ✓✜ ✒✚✜ ✖✘♠✚ ★✚✛✕✖✢ ✑✕✗✒ ✗✒✚
✦✚✗✗✚✜ ◗▼ ✭✌✝✆ ✑✒✓✢✚✮ 71
❲✳ ❚☎✆✞ ✍ ✄ ✂ ✬✫✂✟✆ ✭✇☎✂✄ ✬✫✂✟✆✲✮✳ ❏✒✚✜✚ ✘✜✚ ✖✓ ❑✚✓❑✦✚ ✑✒✓✢✚ ✖✘♠✚ ★✚✛✕✖✢
✑✕✗✒ ◗ ✕✖ ✗✒✘✗ ❑✦✘s✚▼ ✭✌✝✆ ✑✒✚✜✚✮

■■✳ ❳✿✽ ❩❄❬❬❄✾✻❉✽ ❭✸✻❇✽

❚☎✠✝ ✝✄ ✡✏ ✠✝ ✠✞ ✄☎✆ ✰✄☎✠✡✪ ✬✆✡✝ ✞✴ ✄☎✂✄ ✠✝✥ ✄☎✆ ✞✂✡✡✂✄ ✡ ✠✝ ✞ ✄ ✂ ✬✂✡✄✠✟✠✬✂✞✄ ✠✞
✄☎✆ ✝✄ ✡✏✳ t✌✄ ✄☎✆ ✞✂✡✡✂✄ ✡ ☛✄✆✞ ✝✆✆☞✝ ✄ ✄✆✫✫ ✄☎✆ ✝✄ ✡✏ ☛✡ ☞ ✄☎✆ ✬ ✠✞✄ ☛
➅✠✆✇ ☛ ✞✆ ☛ ✄☎✆ ✟☎✂✡✂✟✄✆✡✝ ✠✞ ✄☎✆ ✝✄ ✡✏✳ P ✡ ✆✈✂☞✬✫✆✥ ✫ ✁ ✂✄ ✄☎✆ ✠✄✂✫✠✟✠✝✆✪

The Hundred Dresses ñI

✇ ✡✪✝ ✠✞ ✄☎✠✝ ✝✆✞✄✆✞✟✆
❏✒✘✖✙ ✛✓✓✔✖✚✢✢✥ ✝☎✆ ✪✠✪ ✞ ✄ ✫✠➅✆ ✌✬ ✞ t ✍✍✠✞✝ ❪✆✠✍☎✄✝ ✡ ☎✂➅✆ ✂ ☛✌✞✞✏
✞✂☞✆✳
✱☎ ✝✆ ✄☎ ✌✍☎✄✝ ✪ ✄☎✆ ✇ ✡✪✝ ✰❚☎✂✞✁ ✍ ✪✞✆✝✝✴ ✆✈✬✡✆✝✝✲ ❫✂✪✪✠✆✴✝✥ ✇☎ ✠✝
✍✡✂✄✆☛✌✫ ✄☎✂✄ ✂✫✄☎ ✌✍☎ ✝☎✆ ✠✝ ✬ ✡✥ ✝☎✆ ✠✝ ✏✆✄ ✞ ✄ ✂✝ ✬ ✡ ✂✝ ✱✂✞✪✂✥ ✡ ✂✝
✰✪✠☛☛✆✡✆✞✄✴✳ ✭❙ ✝☎✆ ✪ ✆✝ ✞ ✄ ✍✆✄ ✄✆✂✝✆✪❴ ✝☎✆ ✠✝ ✄☎✂✞✁☛✌✫ ✂✎ ✌✄ ✄☎✂✄✳✮
✷✳ ❵✽❬✽ ❄❬✽ ✾❂✸ ✸✾✿✽❬ ❆✽✼✾✽✼❇✽❆ ❀❬✸✹ ✾✿✽ ❆✾✸❬❛❊ ❈❄✼ ❛✸❜ ❆❄❛ ❂✿✸❆✽
♣✸✻✼✾ ✸❀ ❉✻✽❂ ✾✿✽ ✻✾❄❁✻❇✻❆✽❝ ❂✸❬❝❆ ✽❡♣❬✽❆❆❢
✭✠✮ t✌✄ ✞ ✱✆✪✞✆✝✪✂✏✥ ❣✆✍✍✏ ✂✞✪ ❫✂✪✪✠✆✥ ✑✒✓ ✢✘✗ ✔✓✑✖ ✤✜✓✖✗ ✑✕✗✒ ✓✗✒✚✜
s✒✕✦✔✜✚✖ ✑✒✓ ✛✓✗ ✛✓✓✔ ♠✘✜✙✢ ✘✖✔ ✑✒✓ ✔✕✔✖❤✗ ✗✜✘s✙ ✕✖ ✘ ✑✒✓✦✚ ✦✓✗ ✓✤
♠✣✔✐ ✪✠✪ ✞ ✄✠✟✆ ✄☎✂✄ ✱✂✞✪✂ ✇✂✝✞✴✄ ✄☎✆✡✆✳
✭✠✠✮ ✱✂✞✪✂ ❣✆✄✡ ✞✝✁✠✳ ❥✓✢✗ ✓✤ ✗✒✚ s✒✕✦✔✜✚✖ ✕✖ ❦✓✓♠ ❏✒✕✜✗✚✚✖ ✔✕✔✖❤✗ ✒✘❧✚
✖✘♠✚✢ ✦✕✙✚ ✗✒✘✗▼ ❏✒✚✧ ✒✘✔ ✖✘♠✚✢ ✚✘✢✧ ✗✓ ✢✘✧✐ ✦✕✙✚ ❏✒✓♠✘✢✐ ♥♠✕✗✒
✓✜ ●✦✦✚✖▼
 ✷ ❈✁✂ ✄☎✆ ✝✞✂✟ ☎✠✡☛☞ ✌✆✍✡ ✌☛✂✠☛✂✍☛✌ ✞✂ ✠✡☛ ✌✠☎☞✄✎ ✏☎✆ ✍✁✂ ✟☎ ✠✡✞✌
✁✝✠☛☞ ✄☎✆ ☞☛✁✟ ✠✡☛ ✌☛✍☎✂✟ ❛✁☞✠ ☎✝ ✠✡☛ ✌✠☎☞✄ ✁✌ ✑☛✒✒✓

■■■ ▲✔✔✕ ✖✗ ✗✘✙✚ ✚✛✜✗✛✜✢✛ ✣✘✛ ✙✗✖✤✙✢✙✚✛✥ ✖✥✦✛✧★ ✛✩✪✧✛✚✚✛✚ ✖✜ ✔✪✙✜✙✔✜ ✔✧ ✪✔✙✜✗
✔♦ ✦✙✛✫

❖✬✭✮✯✰✱✲✳✴ ✗✘✛ ✔✜✤✵ ✥✧✛✚✚ ❡✖✜✥✖ ✘✖✥ ✫✖✚ ✗✘✛ ★✤✶✛ ✔✜✛ ✚✘✛ ✫✔✧✛ ✛✦✛✧✵
✥✖✵ ❞✣✘✙✚ ✫✖✚ ✔★✦✙✔✶✚ ✗✔ ✗✘✛ ✚✪✛✖✕✛✧ ✸

✹✠✡☛☞ ✌✆✍✡ ✁✟✺☛☞✻✌ ✁☞☛ ✼✽✽✼✾✿❀❁❂❃❄ ✿❅❆❇✿❀❁❂❃❄ ❉❊✾✽✾❆❉❆❀❋❂❃❄ ✽●❉❉❆❍❂❃❄

❤●✽✿❏❊❂❂❃❄ ❆❀✐✾✿❇❆❍❂❃❄ ❂❊✐❑❆❂❃▼ ❯✌☛ ✠✡☛✌☛ ✑☎☞✟✌ ✁❛❛☞ ☎❛☞✞✁✠☛✒✄ ✞✂ ✠✡☛
✻✒✁✂❜✌ ✞✂ ✠✡☛ ✌☛✂✠☛✂✍☛✌ ✻☛✒☎✑✓ ◆✏☎✆ P✁✄ ✆✌☛ ✁ ✑☎☞✟ P☎☞☛ ✠✡✁✂ ☎✂✍☛◗
✁✂✟ P☎☞☛ ✠✡✁✂ ☎✂☛ ✑☎☞✟ P✁✄ ✻☛ ✁❛❛☞☎❛☞✞✁✠☛ ✝☎☞ ✁ ❘✞✺☛✂ ✻✒✁✂❜✓❙

❚ ❱ ✘✛ ♦✙✜✙✚✘✛✥ ✘✙✚ ✫✔✧✕ ✔✜ ✗✙❲✛

✷ ❱ ✙✗ ✫✙✤✤ ✜✔✗ ✧✖✙✜ ✔✜ ✗✘✛ ✥✖✵ ✔♦ ✗✘✛ ❲✖✗✢✘

❳ ❱ ✘✛ ✘✖✥ ★✛✛✜ ✚✗✛✖✤✙✜❨ ❲✔✜✛✵ ♦✧✔❲ ✘✙✚ ✛❲✪✤✔✵✛✧

First Flight

❩ ✣✛✤✛✦✙✚✙✔✜ ✙✚ ✗✔ ★✤✖❲✛ ♦✔✧ ✗✘✛ ✙✜✢✧✛✖✚✛ ✙✜ ✦✙✔✤✛✜✢✛ ✙✜

✚✔✢✙✛✗✵

❬ ✣✘✛ ✢✘✙✤✥✧✛✜ ✫✙✤✤ ✤✛✖✧✜ ♦✧✔❲ ✗✘✛✙✧ ❲✙✚✗✖✕✛✚

❭ ■ ✢✖✜❪✗ ✤✛✜✥ ✵✔✶ ✗✘✖✗ ❲✶✢✘ ❲✔✜✛✵

72
❫ ✣✘✛ ✗✘✙✛♦ ✘✖✥ ★✛✛✜ ✫✖✗✢✘✙✜❨ ✗✘✛ ✘✔✶✚✛ ♦✔✧ ❲✖✜✵ ✥✖✵✚

❴ ✣✘✛ ✗✘✙✛♦ ✛✚✢✖✪✛✥ ★✵ ★✧✙★✙✜❨ ✗✘✛ ❵✖✙✤✔✧

❝ ❱ ✜✔ ✔✜✛ ✘✖✥ ✚✶❨❨✛✚✗✛✥ ✗✘✙✚ ★✛♦✔✧✛

❚❢ ✣✘✛ ✫✖✗✛✧ ✫✖✚ ✘✔✗

❲❍ ✁✂ ✥✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✟ ✠✞✟ ✆✡☛✆✝✡☞✌ ✥✄☎ ☛✍✍✎✏ ✥✄☎ ✎✍☞✡✥✍☛

❢☛✍✎ ✥✄☎ ✑☛✡☞✆✡✑✞✝✒✟ ✍❢❢✡✆☎ ✓☛✍✔✌✄✥ ✕✡✟✟ ✕✞✟✍☞ ✞ ☞✍✥☎✖

✕✡✟✟ ✕✞✟✍☞ ☛ ☎✞▼ ✡✥ ✟☎✗☎☛✞✝ ✥✡✎☎✟ ✞☞▼ ✟ ✥✔▼✡☎▼ ✡✥

✥✄✍✔✌✄✥❢✔✝✝t ❢✍☛ ✞ ✠✄✡✝☎✖ ✘✄☎☞ ✟✄☎ ✆✝✞✑✑☎▼ ✄☎☛ ✄✞☞▼✟✖

➇✙✥✥☎☞✥✡✍☞✏ ✆✝✞✟✟✖ ✚✗☎☛t✍☞☎ ✓✞✆✛ ✥✍ ✥✄☎✡☛ ✟☎✞✥✖✜

❲✄☎☞ ✥✄☎ ✟✄✔❢❢✝✡☞✌ ✍❢ ❢☎☎✥ ✄✞▼ ✟✥✍✑✑☎▼ ✞☞▼ ✥✄☎

☛✍✍✎ ✠✞✟ ✟✥✡✝✝ ✞☞▼ r✔✡☎✥✏ ✕✡✟✟ ✕✞✟✍☞ ✟✞✡▼✏ ➇✢ ✄✞✗☎ ✞

✝☎✥✥☎☛ ❢☛✍✎ ❲✞☞▼✞✒✟ ❢✞✥✄☎☛ ✥✄✞✥ ✢ ✠✞☞✥ ✥✍ ☛☎✞▼ ✥✍ t✍✔✖✜

✕✡ ✟ ✟ ✕✞ ✟✍ ☞ ✟ ✥✍ ✍▼ ✥ ✄ ☎☛ ☎ ✞ ✎ ✍ ✎ ☎☞ ✥ ✞☞▼ ✥✄ ☎

✟✡✝☎☞✆☎ ✡☞ ✥✄☎ ☛✍✍✎ ✌☛☎✠ ✥☎☞✟☎ ✞☞▼ ☎s✑☎✆✥✞☞✥✖ ✘✄☎

✥☎✞✆✄☎☛ ✞▼✣✔✟✥☎▼ ✄☎☛ ✌✝✞✟✟☎✟ ✟✝✍✠✝t ✞☞▼ ▼☎✝✡✓☎☛✞✥☎✝t✖

✤☎☛ ✎✞☞☞☎☛ ✡☞▼✡✆✞✥☎▼ ✥✄✞✥ ✠✄✞✥ ✠✞✟ ✆✍✎✡☞✌ ✦ ✥✄✡✟

✝☎✥✥☎☛ ❢☛✍✎ ❲✞☞▼✞✒✟ ❢✞✥✄☎☛ ✦ ✠✞✟ ✞ ✎✞✥✥☎☛ ✍❢ ✌☛☎✞✥

✡✎ ✑✍☛ ✥✞☞ ✆ ☎✖ ✚✗ ☎☛ t✓✍▼ t ✝✡ ✟ ✥☎☞ ☎▼ ✆✝✍ ✟ ☎✝ t ✞✟ ✕✡✟✟ listened closely

✕✞✟✍☞ ☛☎✞▼ ✥✄☎ ✓☛✡☎❢ ☞✍✥☎✖ listened with
attention
❉✧★✩ ✪✧★✫✬✧✩✭

✮✯ ✰★❛✱★ ✲✳✴✴ ❛✵✶ ✫✵✷✧ ✶✵ ✯✵✸✩ ✹✫✬✵✵✴ ★❛✯ ✷✵✩✧❡ ✺★✻✧

★✴✹✵❡ ✼✵✲ ✲✧ ✷✵✽✧ ★✲★✯ ✶✵ ✾✳✿ ✫✳✶✯❡ ✼✵ ✷✵✩✧ ✬✵✴✴✧✩ ❀❁✵✴✴★✫✻❂❡

✼✵ ✷✵✩✧ ★✹✻ ✲✬✯ ◆✸❛❛✯ ❛★✷✧❡ ❁✴✧❛✶✯ ✵◆ ◆✸❛❛✯ ❛★✷✧✹ ✳❛

✶✬✧ ✾✳✿ ✫✳✶✯❡

❨✵✸✩✹ ✶✩✸✴✯♦

✺★❛ ❁✧✶✩✵❛✹✻✳

✙ ▼☎☎✑ ✟✡✝ ☎☞✆ ☎ ✎ ☎✥ ✥✄☎ ☛ ☎✞▼✡☞ ✌ ✍❢ ✥✄✡✟ ✝☎✥✥☎☛✖

✕✡✟✟ ✕✞✟✍☞ ✥✍✍✛ ✍❢❢ ✄☎☛ ✌✝✞✟✟☎✟✏ ✓✝☎✠ ✍☞ ✥✄☎✎ ✞☞▼

✠✡✑☎▼ ✥✄☎✎ ✍☞ ✄☎☛ ✟✍❢✥ ✠✄✡✥☎ ✄✞☞▼✛☎☛✆✄✡☎❢✖ ✘✄☎☞

✟ ✄☎ ✑ ✔✥ ✥✄☎✎ ✍☞ ✞ ✌✞✡☞ ✞☞▼ ✝✍✍ ✛☎▼ ✞✥ ✥✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✟✖

❲✄☎☞ ✟✄☎ ✟✑✍✛☎ ✄☎☛ ✗✍✡✆☎ ✠✞✟ ✗☎☛t ✝✍✠✖

➇✢ ✞✎ ✟✔☛ ☎ ✥✄✞✥ ☞✍☞☎ ✍❢ ✥✄☎ ✓✍t✟ ✞☞▼ ✌✡☛✝✟ ✡☞

❘✍✍✎ ✘✄✡☛✥☎☎☞ ✠✍ ✔✝▼ ✑✔☛✑✍✟ ☎✝t ✞☞▼ ▼ ☎✝✡✓☎☛✞ ✥☎✝t

✄✔☛ ✥ ✞☞ t✍☞ ☎✒✟ ❢ ☎☎✝✡☞ ✌✟ ✓☎✆✞ ✔✟ ☎ ✄✡✟ ✍☛ ✄☎☛ ☞✞✎ ☎

✄✞✑✑ ☎☞ ☎▼ ✥✍ ✓☎ ✞ ✝✍☞ ✌✏ ✔☞❢✞✎✡✝✡✞☛ ✍☞ ☎✖ ✢ ✑☛ ☎❢ ☎☛

 t t✁✂✄☎ t✁✆t ✝✁✆t ✝✆✞ ✞✆✂✟ ✝✆✞ ✞✆✂✟ ✂✄
t✁ ✠✡✁t☛☞✞✞✄☞✞✞✌ ✍ ☎✄ ✝ t✁✆t ✆☛☛ ✎ ✏ ✠ ✎☞☞☛ t✁☞ ✝✆✏
✍ ✟ ■ t✁✆t t✁✂✞ ✂✞ ✆ ✑☞✒✏ ✠✄✎ ✒t✠✄✆t☞ t✁✂✄✡ t ✁✆✑☞
✁✆❤❤☞✄☞✟ ✓ ✠✄✎ ✒t✠✄✆t☞ ✆✄✟ ✞✆✟■ ✔ t✁✌ ✕✄✟ ✍ ✝✆✄t
✏ ✠ ✆☛☛ t t✁✂✄☎ ✆✔ ✠t ✂t✌②
❚✁☞ ✎✂✒✞t ❤☞✒✂ ✟ ✝✆✞ ✆ ✞t✠✟✏ ❤☞✒✂ ✟✌ ✖✆✟✟✂☞ t✒✂☞✟
t ❤✒☞❤✆✒☞ ✁☞✒ ☛☞✞✞ ✄✞■ ✔✠t ✞✁☞ ✗ ✠☛✟ ✄ t ❤✠t ✁☞✒
♠✂✄✟ ✄ ✁☞✒ ✝ ✒☎✌ ✘✁☞ ✁✆✟ ✆ ✑☞✒✏ ✞✂✗☎ ✎☞☞☛✂✄✡ ✂✄ t✁☞
✔ tt ♠ ✎ ✁☞✒ ✞t ♠✆✗✁✌ ❚✒✠☞■ ✞✁☞ ✁✆✟ ✄ t ☞✄r ✏☞✟
☛✂✞t☞✄✂✄✡ t ❧☞✡✡✏ ✆✞☎ ✙✆✄✟✆ ✁ ✝ ♠✆✄✏ ✟✒☞✞✞☞✞ ✞✁☞
✁✆✟ ✂✄ ✁☞✒ ✗☛ ✞☞t■ ✔✠t ✞✁☞ ✁✆✟ ✞✆✂✟ ✄ t✁✂✄✡✌ ✘✁☞ ✁✆✟
✞t ✟ ✔✏ ✞✂☛☞✄t☛✏■ ✆✄✟ t✁✆t ✝✆✞ r✠✞t ✆✞ ✔✆✟ ✆✞ ✝✁✆t
❧☞✡✡✏ ✁✆✟ ✟ ✄☞✌ ✙ ✒✞☞✌ ✘✁☞ ✝✆✞ ✆ ✗ ✝✆✒✟✌ ✕t ☛☞✆✞t
❧☞✡✡✏ ✁✆✟✄Pt ✗ ✄✞✂✟☞✒☞✟ t✁☞✏ ✝☞✒☞ ✔☞✂✄✡ ♠☞✆✄ ✔✠t
✞✁☞■ ✖✆✟✟✂☞■ ✁✆✟ t✁ ✠✡✁t t✁☞✏ ✝☞✒☞ ✟ ✂✄✡ ✝✒ ✄✡✌
✘✁☞ ✗ ✠☛✟ ❤✠t ✁☞✒✞☞☛✎ ✂✄ ✙✆✄✟✆P✞ ✞✁ ☞✞✌
● ✟✄☞✞✞✚ ✙✆✞✄Pt t✁☞✒☞ ✆✄✏t✁✂✄✡ ✞✁☞ ✗ ✠☛✟ ✟ ❡
First Flight

✍✎ ✄☛✏ ✞✁☞ ✗ ✠☛✟ t☞☛☛ ✙✆✄✟✆ ✞✁☞ ✁✆✟✄Pt ♠☞✆✄t t

✁✠✒t ✁☞✒ ✎☞☞☛✂✄✡✞✌ ✘✁☞ t✠✒✄☞✟ ✆✒ ✠✄✟ ✆✄✟ ✞t ☛☞ ✆
✡☛✆✄✗☞ ✆t ❧☞✡✡✏■ ✔✠t ❧☞✡✡✏ ✟✂✟ ✄ t ☛ ☎ ✠❤✌ ✘✁☞
✞☞☞♠☞✟ t ✔☞ ✞t✠✟✏✂✄✡ ✁✆✒✟✌ ✙☞☛☛■ ✝✁☞t✁☞✒ ❧☞✡✡✏
✎☞☛t ✔✆✟☛✏ ✒ ✄ t■ ✞✁☞■ ✖✆✟✟✂☞■ ✁✆✟ t ✟ ✞ ♠☞t✁✂✄✡✌
74 ✘✁☞ ✁✆✟ t ✎✂✄✟ ✙✆✄✟✆ ❧☞t✒ ✄✞☎✂✌ ✖✆✏✔☞ ✞✁☞ ✁✆✟
✄ t ✏☞t ♠ ✑☞✟ ✆✝✆✏✌ ✖✆✏✔☞ ❧☞✡✡✏ ✝ ✠☛✟ ✗☛✂♠✔ t✁☞
❍☞✂✡✁t✞ ✝✂t✁ ✁☞✒■ ✆✄✟ t✁☞✏ ✝ ✠☛✟ t☞☛☛ ✙✆✄✟✆ ✞✁☞
✁✆✟ ✝ ✄ t✁☞ ✗ ✄t☞✞t■ t✁✆t t✁☞✏ t✁ ✠✡✁t ✞✁☞ ✝✆✞
✞♠✆✒t ✆✄✟ t✁☞ ✁✠✄✟✒☞✟ ✟✒☞✞✞☞✞ ✝☞✒☞ ✔☞✆✠t✂✎✠☛✌
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲✛✜✢ ✣✤✣ ✥✦ ✧★✢✦✩✪✫✬✤✭✫ ✮★✢✢★✦ ✫✜✯✰
✷✳ ✱✫ ✥✤✫✫ ✥✜✫✩✪ ✜✪✲✦✯ ✴✤✢✛ ✢✛★ ✵✮✜✫✫✸ ✩✦ ✤✫ ✫✛★ ✹✪✛✜✺✺✯ ✜✪✣ ✹✺✫★✢✰
✻✳ ✼✩✴ ✣✩★✫ ✥✜✣✣✤★ ✽★★✮ ✜✽✢★✦ ✮✤✫✢★✪✤✪✲ ✢✩ ✢✛★ ✪✩✢★ ✽✦✩♦ ❲✜✪✣✜✭✫ ✽✜✢✛★✦✰
✾✳ ❲✛✜✢ ✣✩★✫ ✥✜✣✣✤★ ✴✜✪✢ ✢✩ ✣✩✰
 ❲ ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆✆✝ ✞✟✄ ✠✡✄☛✡✄✄✁✠ ✡✂ ☞ ✁ ✟✌☞✁✍✂✆✆✂✎
P✁✏✏✑ ✄✟✡✠✎ ✞✡☞ ✒✍✁☞✁✂✠✁✠ ☎✟✄✓✟✝✂✁✄✄✎ ✔✕✁✑✎ ✝✁☞✖✄
✏✆ ✟✂✠ ✄✁✁ ✡✌ ☞ ✟☞ ❣✡✠ ✟✄ ✝✁✌☞ ☞✆✞✂ ✆✍ ✂✆☞✗✘
❙✆ P✁✏✏✑ ✟✠ ✟✠ ☞ ✁ ✄✟☛✁ ✡✠✁✟✙ ✚✟✠✠✡✁ ✏✝✆✞✁✠✗
P✁✏ ✞✟✄ ✍✁✟✝✝✑ ✟✝✝ ✍✡✏ ☞✗
❚ ✁ ☞✞✆ ✏✡✍✝✄ ✓✍✍✡✁✠ ✆✓☞ ✆✌ ☞ ✁ ✛✓✡✝✠✡✂✏✎ ✓✒ ☞ ✁
✄☞✍✁✁☞ ☞✆✞✟✍✠ s✆✏✏✡✂✄ ✕✁✡✏ ☞✄✎ ☞ ✁ ✒✟✍☞ ✆✌ ☞✆✞✂ ☞ ✟☞
✞✆✍✁ ✄✓☎ ✟ ✌✆✍✛✡✠✠✡✂✏ ✟✡✍ ✆✂ ☞ ✡✄ ❣✡✂✠ ✆✌ ✟
◆✆✜✁☛✛✁✍ ✟✌☞✁✍✂✆✆✂✎ ✠✍✡✢✢✝✑✎ ✠✟☛✒ ✟✂✠ ✠✡✄☛✟✝✗ damp and dismal
✔❲✁✝✝✎ ✟☞ ✝✁✟✄☞✎✘ ✄✟✡✠ P✁✏✏✑ ✏✍✓✌✌✝✑✎ ✔❢ ✂✁✜✁✍ ✠✡✠ wet and sad (here,
☎✟✝✝ ✁✍ ✟ ✌✆✍✁✡✏✂✁✍ ✆✍ ☛✟❣✁ ✌✓✂ ✆✌ ✁✍ ✂✟☛✁✗ ❢ expressing a state of
hopelessness)
✂✁✜✁✍ ☞ ✆✓✏ ☞ ✄ ✁ ✟✠ ☞ ✁ ✄✁✂✄✁ ☞✆ ❣✂✆✞ ✞✁ ✞✁✍✁
☛✟❣✡✂✏ ✌✓✂ ✆✌ ✁✍ ✟✂✑✞✟✑✗ ❢ ☞ ✆✓✏ ☞ ✄ ✁ ✞✟✄ ☞✆✆
✠✓☛✛✗ ❞✂✠ ✏✁✁✎ ✝✆✆❣ ✆✞ ✄ ✁ ☎✟✂ ✠✍✟✞✙✘
✚✟✠✠✡✁ ☎✆✓✝✠ ✄✟✑ ✂✆☞ ✡✂✏✗ ❞✝✝ ✄ ✁ ✆✒✁✠ ✞✟✄ ☞ ✟☞
☞ ✁✑ ✞✆✓✝✠ ✌✡✂✠ ❲✟✂✠✟✗ ❙ ✁ ✞✟✂☞✁✠ ☞✆ ☞✁✝✝ ✁✍ ☞ ✟☞
☞ ✁✑ ✞✁✍✁ ✄✆✍✍✑ ☞ ✁✑ ✟✠ ✒✡☎❣✁✠ ✆✂ ✁✍✎ ✟✂✠ ✆✞
✞✆✂✠✁✍✌✓✝ ☞ ✁ ✞ ✆✝✁ ✄☎ ✆✆✝ ☞ ✆✓✏ ☞ ✄ ✁ ✞✟✄✎ ✟✂✠
✒✝✁✟✄✁✎ ✂✆☞ ☞✆ ☛✆✜✁ ✟✞✟✑ ✟✂✠ ✁✜✁✍✑✛✆✠✑ ✞✆✓✝✠ ✛✁ ✂✡☎✁✗
❙ ✁ ✟✂✠ P✁✏✏✑ ✞✆✓✝✠ ✌✡✏ ☞ ✟✂✑✛✆✠✑ ✞ ✆ ✞✟✄ ✂✆☞ ✂✡☎✁✗
❚ ✁ ☞✞✆ ✏✡✍✝✄ ✓✍✍✡✁✠ ✆✂✗ ❚ ✁✑ ✆✒✁✠ ☞✆ ✏✁☞ ☞✆ 75
☞ ✁ ☞✆✒ ✆✌ ☞ ✁ ✡✝✝ ✛✁✌✆✍✁ ✠✟✍❣✗
✔❢ ☞ ✡✂❣ ☞ ✟☞✖✄ ✞ ✁✍✁ ☞ ✁ P✁☞✍✆✂✄❣✡✄ ✝✡✜✁✎✘ ✄✟✡✠
✚✟✠✠✡✁✎ ✒✆✡✂☞✡✂✏ ☞✆ ✟ ✝✡☞☞✝✁ ✞ ✡☞✁ ✆✓✄✁✗ ❲✡✄✒✄ ✆✌
✆✝✠ ✏✍✟✄✄ ✄☞✓☎❣ ✓✒ ✁✍✁ ✟✂✠ ☞ ✁✍✁ ✟✝✆✂✏ ☞ ✁ ✒✟☞ ✞✟✑
✝✡❣✁ ☞ ✡✂ ❣✡☞☞✁✂✄✗ ❚ ✁ ✆✓✄✁ ✟✂✠ ✡☞✄ ✄✒✟✍✄✁ ✝✡☞☞✝✁
✑✟✍✠ ✝✆✆❣✁✠ ✄ ✟✛✛✑ ✛✓☞ ☎✝✁✟✂✗ ❢☞ ✍✁☛✡✂✠✁✠ ✚✟✠✠✡✁

The Hundred Dresses ñII

✆✌ ❲✟✂✠✟✖✄ ✆✂✁ ✠✍✁✄✄✎ ✁✍ ✌✟✠✁✠ ✛✝✓✁ ☎✆☞☞✆✂ ✠✍✁✄✄✎
✄ ✟✛✛✑ ✛✓☞ ☎✝✁✟✂✗
❚ ✁✍✁ ✞✟✄ ✂✆☞ ✟ ✄✡✏✂ ✆✌ ✝✡✌✁ ✟✛✆✓☞ ☞ ✁ ✆✓✄✁✗
P✁✏✏✑ ❣✂✆☎❣✁✠ ✌✡✍☛✝✑ ✆✂ ☞ ✁ ✠✆✆✍✎ ✛✓☞ ☞ ✁✍✁ ✞✟✄ ✂✆
✟✂✄✞✁✍✗ ❙ ✁ ✟✂✠ ✚✟✠✠✡✁ ✞✁✂☞ ✟✍✆✓✂✠ ☞✆ ☞ ✁ ✛✟☎❣
✑✟✍✠ ✟✂✠ ❣✂✆☎❣✁✠ ☞ ✁✍✁✗ ❙☞✡✝✝ ☞ ✁✍✁ ✞✟✄ ✂✆ ✟✂✄✞✁✍✗
 ❚ ✁✂✁ ✄☎✆ ✝✞ ✟✞✠✡☛ ☎✡✞✠☛ ☞☛✌ ❚ ✁ ✍✁☛✂✞✝✆✎☞✆ ✄✁✂✁
❣✞✝✁✌ ✏✞✄ ✑✞✠✒✟ ☛ ✁✓ ✁✔✁✂ ✕☎✎✁ ☎✕✁✝✟✆✖ (to) make amends
❚ ✁✓ ☛✠✂✝✁✟ ✆✒✞✄✒✓ ☎✝✟ ✕☎✟✁ ☛ ✁☞✂ ✄☎✓ ✡☎✑✎ to show that one is
✟✞✄✝ ☛ ✁ ☞✒✒✌ sorry by doing
something good
➇✗✁✒✒❡ ☎✝✓✄☎✓❡✘ ✆☎☞✟ ✍✁❣❣✓❡ ➇✆ ✁✙✆ ❣✞✝✁ ✝✞✄❡ ✆✞
✄ ☎☛ ✑☎✝ ✄✁ ✟✞✖ ✇✁✆☞✟✁✆❡ ✄ ✁✝ ✚ ✄☎✆ ☎✆✎☞✝❣ ✁✂
☎✡✞✠☛ ☎✒✒ ✁✂ ✟✂✁✆✆✁✆❡ ✆ ✁ ❛✂✞✡☎✡✒✓ ✄☎✆ ❣✁☛☛☞✝❣ ❣✞✞✟
☞✟✁☎✆ ✐✞✂ ✁✂ ✟✂☎✄☞✝❣✆✌ ✛ ✁ ✕☞❣ ☛ ✝✞☛ ✁✔✁✝ ☎✔✁
✄✞✝ ☛ ✁ ✑✞✝☛✁✆☛❡ ✞☛ ✁✂✄☞✆✁✌✘
▼☎✟✟☞✁ ☛✠✂✝✁✟ ☛ ☞✆ ☞✟✁☎ ✑☎✂✁✐✠✒✒✓ ✞✔✁✂ ☞✝ ✁✂
✁☎✟❡ ✐✞✂ ☞✐ ☛ ✁✂✁ ✄✁✂✁ ☎✝✓☛ ☞✝❣ ☞✝ ☞☛ ✆ ✁ ✄✞✠✒✟ ✝✞☛
☎✔✁ ☛✞ ✐✁✁✒ ✆✞ ✡☎✟✒✓✌ ✇✠☛ ☛ ☎☛ ✝☞❣ ☛ ✆ ✁ ✑✞✠✒✟ ✝✞☛
❣✁☛ ☛✞ ✆✒✁✁❛✌ ✛ ✁ ☛ ✞✠❣ ☛ ☎✡✞✠☛ ✗☎✝✟☎ ☎✝✟ ✁✂ ✐☎✟✁✟
✡✒✠✁ ✟✂✁✆✆ ☎✝✟ ☛ ✁ ✒☞☛☛✒✁ ✞✠✆✁ ✆ ✁ ☎✟ ✒☞✔✁✟ ☞✝✌ ❜✝✟
✆ ✁ ☛ ✞✠❣ ☛ ✞✐ ☛ ✁ ❣✒✞✄☞✝❣ ❛☞✑☛✠✂✁ ☛ ✞✆✁ ✠✝✟✂✁✟
✟✂✁✆✆✁✆ ✕☎✟✁ ❞ ☎✒✒ ✒☞✝✁✟ ✠❛ ☞✝ ☛ ✁ ✑✒☎✆✆✂✞✞✕✌ ❜☛
✒☎✆☛ ▼☎✟✟☞✁ ✆☎☛ ✠❛ ☞✝ ✡✁✟ ☎✝✟ ❛✂✁✆✆✁✟ ✁✂ ✐✞✂✁ ✁☎✟
☛☞❣ ☛ ☞✝ ✁✂ ☎✝✟✆ ☎✝✟ ✂✁☎✒✒✓ ☛ ✞✠❣ ☛✌ ❚ ☞✆ ✄☎✆ ☛ ✁
First Flight

☎✂✟✁✆☛ ☛ ☞✝✎☞✝❣ ✆ ✁ ☎✟ ✁✔✁✂ ✟✞✝✁✌ ❜✐☛✁✂ ☎ ✒✞✝❣❡

✒✞✝❣ ☛☞✕✁❡ ✆ ✁ ✂✁☎✑ ✁✟ ☎✝ ☞✕❛✞✂☛☎✝☛ ✑✞✝✑✒✠✆☞✞✝✌
✛ ✁ ✄☎✆ ✝✁✔✁✂ ❣✞☞✝❣ ☛✞ ✆☛☎✝✟ ✡✓ ☎✝✟ ✆☎✓
✝✞☛ ☞✝❣ ☎❣☎☞✝✌
76 ✚✐ ✆ ✁ ✁✔✁✂ ✁☎✂✟ ☎✝✓✡✞✟✓ ❛☞✑✎☞✝❣ ✞✝ ✆✞✕✁✞✝✁ picking on
✡✁✑☎✠✆✁ ☛ ✁✓ ✄✁✂✁ ✐✠✝✝✓ ✒✞✞✎☞✝❣ ✞✂ ✡✁✑☎✠✆✁ ☛ ✁✓ someone
☎✟ ✆☛✂☎✝❣✁ ✝☎✕✁✆❡ ✆ ✁✙✟ ✆❛✁☎✎ ✠❛✌ ❤✔✁✝ ☞✐ ☞☛ ✕✁☎✝☛ treating someone
unkindly, unfairly
✒✞✆☞✝❣ ✍✁❣❣✓✙✆ ✐✂☞✁✝✟✆ ☞❛✌ ✛ ✁ ☎✟ ✝✞ ✄☎✓ ✞✐ ✕☎✎☞✝❣ criticising them
☛ ☞✝❣✆ ✂☞❣ ☛ ✄☞☛ ✗☎✝✟☎❡ ✡✠☛ ✐✂✞✕ ✝✞✄ ✞✝ ✆ ✁ ✄✞✠✒✟
✝✁✔✁✂ ✕☎✎✁ ☎✝✓✡✞✟✓ ✁✒✆✁ ☛ ☎☛ ✠✝ ☎❛❛✓ ☎❣☎☞✝✌
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲✜✢✣ ✤✥✦✧★✤★ ✩✪✤★ ✫✤✬✬✭ ✣✜✮✯✰ ✧✱ ✲✪✴ ✜✤✴ ✵✤✜✢✷✮✪✧✴✸ ❲✜✭✸
✹✳ ❲✜✢✣ ✢✴✤ ✺✢✩✩✮✤✻★ ✣✜✪✧✬✜✣★ ✢★ ✣✜✤✭ ✬✪ ✣✪ ✼✪✬✬✮✯★ ✽✤✮✬✜✣★✸
✾✳ ❲✜✭ ✩✪✤★ ❲✢✯✩✢✻★ ✜✪✧★✤ ✴✤✿✮✯✩ ✺✢✩✩✮✤ ✪✲ ❲✢✯✩✢✻★ ✵❀✧✤ ✩✴✤★★✸
 ✹✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✞✁✄✄✟✆ ✂ ✟✠✡ ✁☛✄ ✁☞☎✌✂✍ ❲ ✁✂ ✟✎✏☎☛✂✁✠✂ ✄✆✑✟✝✟☎✠
✄☎✆✝ ✝ ✆ ✑☎✎✆ ✂☎✍
❖✒ ✓✔✕✖✗✘✔✙ ✚✔✘✘✛✜ ✢✣✜✒✕ ✕✤✜ ✔✥✕✜✗✒✦✦✒ ✧✛✕✤
P✜★★✙✩ ✪✤✜✙ ✧✜✗✜ ✧✗✛✕✛✒★ ✔ ❡✜✕✕✜✗ ✕✦ ✫✔✒✘✔ P✜✕✗✦✒✢♦✛✩
■✕ ✧✔✢ ✬✖✢✕ ✔ ✥✗✛✜✒✘❡✙ ❡✜✕✕✜✗ ✕✜❡❡✛✒★ ✔✭✦✖✕ ✕✤✜ ✮✦✒✕✜✢✕
✔✒✘ ✕✜❡❡✛✒★ ✫✔✒✘✔ ✢✤✜ ✤✔✘ ✧✦✒✩ ✪✤✜✙ ✕✦❡✘ ✤✜✗ ✤✦✧
✣✗✜✕✕✙ ✤✜✗ ✘✗✔✧✛✒★✢ ✧✜✗✜✩ ♣✒✘ ✕✤✜✙ ✔✢♦✜✘ ✤✜✗ ✛✥
✢✤✜ ❡✛♦✜✘ ✧✤✜✗✜ ✢✤✜ ✧✔✢ ❡✛s✛✒★ ✔✒✘ ✛✥ ✢✤✜ ❡✛♦✜✘ ✤✜✗
✒✜✧ ✕✜✔✮✤✜✗✩ ✪✤✜✙ ✤✔✘ ✯✜✔✒✕ ✕✦ ✢✔✙ ✕✤✜✙ ✧✜✗✜ ✢✦✗✗✙✰
✭✖✕ ✛✕ ✜✒✘✜✘ ✖✣ ✧✛✕✤ ✕✤✜✛✗ ✬✖✢✕ ✧✗✛✕✛✒★ ✔ ✥✗✛✜✒✘❡✙
❡✜✕✕✜✗✰ ✕✤✜ ♦✛✒✘ ✕✤✜✙ ✧✦✖❡✘ ✤✔s✜ ✧✗✛✕✕✜✒ ✕✦ ✔✒✙ ★✦✦✘
✥✗✛✜✒✘✰ ✔✒✘ ✕✤✜✙ ✢✛★✒✜✘ ✛✕ ✧✛✕✤ ❡✦✕✢ ✦✥ ❢✱✢ ✥✦✗ ❡✦s✜✩
✪✤✜✙ ✯✔✛❡✜✘ ✕✤✜ ❡✜✕✕✜✗ ✕✦ ❚✦★★✛✒✢ ✲✜✛★✤✕✢✰ ✧✗✛✕✛✒★
➅P❡✜✔✢✜ ✴✦✗✧✔✗✘✱ ✦✒ ✕✤✜ ✜✒s✜❡✦✣✜✩
❉✔✙✢ ✣✔✢✢✜✘ ✔✒✘ ✕✤✜✗✜ ✧✔✢ ✒✦ ✔✒✢✧✜✗✰ ✭✖✕ ✕✤✜
❡✜✕✕✜✗ ✘✛✘ ✒✦✕ ✮✦✯✜ ✭✔✮♦✰ ✢✦ ✯✔✙✭✜ ✫✔✒✘✔ ✤✔✘
✗✜✮✜✛s✜✘ ✛✕✩ P✜✗✤✔✣✢ ✢✤✜ ✧✔✢ ✢✦ ✤✖✗✕ ✔✒✘ ✔✒★✗✙ ✢✤✜
✧✔✢ ✒✦✕ ★✦✛✒★ ✕✦ ✔✒✢✧✜✗✩ ✵✦✖ ✮✦✖❡✘ ✒✦✕ ✭❡✔✯✜ ✤✜✗✩
✫✜✜♦✢ ✧✜✒✕ ✭✙ ✔✒✘ ✢✕✛❡❡ ✫✔✒✘✔ ✘✛✘ ✒✦✕ ✔✒✢✧✜✗✩
P✜★★✙ ✤✔✘ ✭✜★✖✒ ✕✦ ✥✦✗★✜✕ ✕✤✜ ✧✤✦❡✜ ✭✖✢✛✒✜✢✢✰ ✔✒✘
✚✔✘✘✛✜ ✣✖✕ ✤✜✗✢✜❡✥ ✕✦ ✢❡✜✜✣ ✔✕ ✒✛★✤✕ ✯✔♦✛✒★ ✢✣✜✜✮✤✜✢ 77
✔✭✦✖✕ ✫✔✒✘✔✰ ✘✜✥✜✒✘✛✒★ ✤✜✗ ✥✗✦✯ ★✗✜✔✕ ✮✗✦✧✘✢ ✦✥
★✛✗❡✢ ✧✤✦ ✧✜✗✜ ✕✗✙✛✒★ ✕✦ ✕✜✔✢✜ ✤✜✗ ✧✛✕✤✰ ❣✲✦✧ ✯✔✒✙
✘✗✜✢✢✜✢ ✤✔s✜ ✙✦✖ ★✦✕✶✷ ♣✒✘ ✭✜✥✦✗✜ ✫✔✒✘✔ ✮✦✖❡✘ ✣✗✜✢✢
✤✜✗ ❡✛✣✢ ✕✦★✜✕✤✜✗ ✛✒ ✔ ✕✛★✤✕ ❡✛✒✜✰ ✕✤✜ ✧✔✙ ✢✤✜ ✘✛✘
✭✜✥✦✗✜ ✔✒✢✧✜✗✛✒★✰ ✚✔✘✘✛✜ ✧✦✖❡✘ ✮✗✙ ✦✖✕✰ ❣✓✕✦✣❜✷
✪✤✜✒ ✜s✜✗✙✭✦✘✙ ✧✦✖❡✘ ✥✜✜❡ ✔✢✤✔✯✜✘ ✕✤✜ ✧✔✙ ✢✤✜

The Hundred Dresses ñII

✖✢✜✘ ✕✦ ✥✜✜❡✩
◆✦✧ ✛✕ ✧✔✢ ✸✤✗✛✢✕✯✔✢ ✕✛✯✜ ✔✒✘ ✕✤✜✗✜ ✧✔✢ ✢✒✦✧
✦✒ ✕✤✜ ★✗✦✖✒✘✩ ✸✤✗✛✢✕✯✔✢ ✭✜❡❡✢ ✔✒✘ ✔ ✢✯✔❡❡ ✕✗✜✜
✘✜✮✦✗✔✕✜✘ ✕✤✜ ✮❡✔✢✢✗✦✦✯✩ ❖✒ ✕✤✜ ❡✔✢✕ ✘✔✙ ✦✥ ✢✮✤✦✦❡
✭✜✥✦✗✜ ✕✤✜ ✤✦❡✛✘✔✙✢✰ ✕✤✜ ✕✜✔✮✤✜✗ ✢✤✦✧✜✘ ✕✤✜ ✮❡✔✢✢ ✔
❡✜✕✕✜✗ ✢✤✜ ✤✔✘ ✗✜✮✜✛s✜✘ ✕✤✔✕ ✯✦✗✒✛✒★✩
 ➇ ♦✁ ✂❡✄❡✄☎❡✂ ✆❛✝✞❛ ✟❡✠✂♦✝✡☛☞✌ ✠✍❡ ✎☞✏✠❡✞ ✑☞✠✠✑❡
❛✂✠☞✡✠ ✒✍♦ ✒♦✝ ✠✍❡ ✞✂❛✒☞✝✎ ✓♦✝✠❡✡✠✔ ✆❡✑✑✌ ✡✍❡ ✍❛✡
✒✂☞✠✠❡✝ ✄❡✌ ❛✝✞ ✇ ❛✄ ✎✑❛✞ ✠♦ ☛✝♦✒ ✒✍❡✂❡ ✡✍❡ ✑☞✕❡✡✌
☎❡✓❛✁✡❡ ✝♦✒ ✇ ✓❛✝ ✡❡✝✞ ✍❡✂ ✄❡✞❛✑❜ ✇ ✒❛✝✠ ✠♦ ✂❡❛✞
✍❡✂ ✑❡✠✠❡✂ ✠♦ ❤♦✁❜✖
❚✍❡ ✓✑❛✡✡ ✡❛✠ ✁✗ ✒☞✠✍ ❛ ✡✁✞✞❡✝ ☞✝✠❡✂❡✡✠ ❛✝✞
✑☞✡✠❡✝❡✞ ☞✝✠❡✝✠✑❤❜
❉✘✙✚ ✛✜✢✢ ✛✙✢✣✤✥
❍✣✦ ✙✚✘ ✧✣★ ✙✤✩ ✪✣✣✫ ✬✭✜✚✮✘✘✤✯ ✰✱✘✙✢✘ ✮✘✱✱ ✮✭✘ ✲✜✚✱✢ ✮✭✘✧
❝✙✤ ✳✘✘✴ ✮✭✣✢✘ ✭★✤✩✚✘✩ ✩✚✘✢✢✘✢✥ ✵✘❝✙★✢✘ ✜✤ ✫✧✤✘✦ ✭✣★✢✘
■ ✭✙✶✘ ✙ ✭★✤✩✚✘✩ ✤✘✦ ✣✤✘✢✥ ✙✱✱ ✱✜✤✘✩ ★✴ ✜✤ ✫✧ ❝✱✣✢✘✮✷ ■✸✩
✱✜✳✘ ✮✭✙✮ ✲✜✚✱ ✰✘✲✲✧ ✮✣ ✭✙✶✘ ✮✭✘ ✩✚✙✦✜✤✲ ✣❧ ✮✭✘ ✲✚✘✘✤ ✩✚✘✢✢
✦✜✮✭ ✮✭✘ ✚✘✩ ✮✚✜✫✫✜✤✲✥ ✙✤✩ ✭✘✚ ❧✚✜✘✤✩ ✛✙✩✩✜✘ ✮✣ ✭✙✶✘ ✮✭✘
✵✱★✘ ✣✤✘✷ ✹✣✚ ✺✭✚✜✢✮✫✙✢✥ ■ ✫✜✢✢ ✮✭✙✮ ✢❝✭✣✣✱ ✙✤✩ ✫✧ ✤✘✦
✮✘✙❝✭✘✚ ✩✣✘✢ ✤✣✮ ✘t★✙✱✜✢✘ ✦✜✮✭ ✧✣★✷ ✛✘✚✚✧ ✺✭✚✜✢✮✫✙✢ ✮✣
✧✣★ ✙✤✩ ✘✶✘✚✧✵✣✩✧✷
❨✣★✚✢ ✮✚★✱✧✥
First Flight

❲✙✤✩✙ ✰✘✮✚✣✤✢✳✜
❖✝ ✠✍❡ ✒❛❤ ✍♦✄❡ ✏✂♦✄ ✡✓✍♦♦✑ ✻❛✞✞☞❡ ❛✝✞ ✟❡✎✎❤
✍❡✑✞ ✠✍❡☞✂ ✞✂❛✒☞✝✎✡ ✕❡✂❤ ✓❛✂❡✏✁✑✑❤❜ ✼✑✑ ✠✍❡ ✍♦✁✡❡✡ ✍❛✞
✒✂❡❛✠✍✡ ❛✝✞ ✍♦✑✑❤ ☞✝ ✠✍❡ ✒☞✝✞♦✒✡❜ ❖✁✠✡☞✞❡ ✠✍❡ ✎✂♦✓❡✂❤
78 ✡✠♦✂❡✌ ✍✁✝✞✂❡✞✡ ♦✏ s✍✂☞✡✠✄❛✡ ✠✂❡❡✡ ✒❡✂❡ ✡✠❛✓☛❡✞✌ ❛✝✞
☞✝ ✠✍❡ ✒☞✝✞♦✒✌ ✓❛✝✞❤ ✗❡✗✗❡✂✄☞✝✠ ✡✠☞✓☛✡ ❛✝✞
✓♦✂✝✁✓♦✗☞❛✡ ♦✏ ✡✍☞✝❤ ✠✂❛✝✡✗❛✂❡✝✠ ✗❛✗❡✂ ✒❡✂❡ ✡✠✂✁✝✎❜ cornucopias
❚✍❡ ❛☞✂ ✡✄❡✑✑❡✞ ✑☞☛❡ s✍✂☞✡✠✄❛✡ ❛✝✞ ✑☞✎✍✠ ✡✍☞✝☞✝✎ decorative
❡✕❡✂❤✒✍❡✂❡ ✂❡✏✑❡✓✠❡✞ ✞☞✏✏❡✂❡✝✠ ✓♦✑♦✁✂✡ ♦✝ ✠✍❡ ✡✝♦✒❜ containers (usually
full of flowers and
➇✽♦❤✾✖ ✡❛☞✞ ✟❡✎✎❤✌ ➇✠✍☞✡ ✡✍♦✒✡ ✡✍❡ ✂❡❛✑✑❤ ✑☞☛❡✡ fruits)
✁✡❜ ✇✠ ✡✍♦✒✡ ✡✍❡ ✎♦✠ ♦✁✂ ✑❡✠✠❡✂ ❛✝✞ ✠✍☞✡ ☞✡ ✍❡✂ ✒❛❤ ♦✏
✡❛❤☞✝✎ ✠✍❛✠ ❡✕❡✂❤✠✍☞✝✎✿✡ ❛✑✑ ✂☞✎✍✠❜ ✼✝✞ ✠✍❛✠✿✡ ✠✍❛✠❜✖
➇✇ ✍♦✗❡ ✡♦✌✖ ✡❛☞✞ ✻❛✞✞☞❡ ✡❛✞✑❤❜ ❀✍❡ ✏❡✑✠ ✡❛✞
☎❡✓❛✁✡❡ ✡✍❡ ☛✝❡✒ ✡✍❡ ✒♦✁✑✞ ✝❡✕❡✂ ✡❡❡ ✠✍❡ ✑☞✠✠✑❡
✠☞✎✍✠❁✑☞✗✗❡✞ ✟♦✑☞✡✍ ✎☞✂✑ ❛✎❛☞✝ ❛✝✞ ✓♦✁✑✞✝✿✠ ❡✕❡✂ ✂❡❛✑✑❤
✄❛☛❡ ✠✍☞✝✎✡ ✂☞✎✍✠ ☎❡✠✒❡❡✝ ✠✍❡✄❜
❀✍❡ ✒❡✝✠ ✍♦✄❡ ❛✝✞ ✡✍❡ ✗☞✝✝❡✞ ✍❡✂ ✞✂❛✒☞✝✎
♦✕❡✂ ❛ ✠♦✂✝ ✗✑❛✓❡ ☞✝ ✠✍❡ ✗☞✝☛❁✏✑♦✒❡✂❡✞ ✒❛✑✑✗❛✗❡✂ ☞✝
✠✍❡ ☎❡✞✂♦♦✄❜ ❚✍❡ ✡✍❛☎☎❤ ✂♦♦✄ ✓❛✄❡ ❛✑☞✕❡ ✏✂♦✄
✠✍❡ ☎✂☞✑✑☞❛✝✓❤ ♦✏ ✠✍❡ ✓♦✑♦✁✂✡❜ ✻❛✞✞☞❡ ✡❛✠ ✞♦✒✝ ♦✝
✍❡✂ ☎❡✞ ❛✝✞ ✑♦♦☛❡✞ ❛✠ ✠✍❡ ✞✂❛✒☞✝✎❜ ❀✍❡ ✍❛✞ ✡✠♦♦✞
☎❤ ❛✝✞ ✡❛☞✞ ✝♦✠✍☞✝✎✌ ☎✁✠ ✆❛✝✞❛ ✍❛✞ ☎❡❡✝ ✝☞✓❡ ✠♦
✍❡✂✌ ❛✝❤✒❛❤❜
 ❚ ✁✂✄ ☎✆✝✂✂ ✞ ✟ ✂ ✠ ✄ ✁✡✞ ✄✟ ☛✁☞ ✞ ✌✍✂ ✁ ✆✍✡☛
t✎✏ ✁t t✟ ✑✎✒t✝✂ ✓ ❚✟ ✡ ✟✁✄t✎✆✠ ✄✟ ✂✝☎☎ ✞ ✟ ✂
✠ ✄ ✁✡✞ ✄t✝✞✎ ✞ ✎t ✎✡t ✡t✆✠✓ ❚✟ ✒✍✆✍✝✂✄ ✎✡ t✟ ✞✂ ✄✄
✇ ✂ ✄✍ ✔✎✔✎✞ t✟✁t ✄✟ ✟✁✞ ✄✒✁✂✒ ✆✠ ✡✍t✎✒ ✞ t✟ ✌✁✒
✁✡✞ ✟ ✁✞ ✍✌ t✟ ✞✂✁✇✎✡☛✓ ❛✝t ✎t ✆✍✍✕ ✞ ✆✎✕ ✟ ✂✱
▼✁✞✞✎ ✖ ✗t ✂ ✁✆✆✠ ✆✍✍✕ ✞ ✆✎✕ ✟ ✂ ✍✇✡ ✏✍✝t✟✓ ✘✟✠ ✎t
✂ ✁✆✆✠ ✆✍✍✕ ✞ ✆✎✕ ✟ ✂ ✍✇✡ ✄ ✆✌✖ ✘✁✡✞✁ ✟✁✞ ✂ ✁✆✆✠
✞✂✁✇✡ t✟✎✄ ✌✍✂ ✟ ✂✓ ✳✙✒✎t ✞✆✠✱ ✄✟ ✂✁✡ ✍✔ ✂ t✍ ✚ ☛☛✠✛✄✓
➇✚ ☛✖✜ ✄✟ ✄✁✎✞✱ ➇✆ t ✏ ✄ ✠✍✝✂ ✑✎✒t✝✂ ✓✜
➇✘✟✁t✛✄ t✟ ✏✁tt ✂✢✜ ✁✄✕ ✞ ✚ ☛☛✠✱ ✁✄ t✟ ✠ ✒✆✁tt ✂ ✞
✝✑ t✍ ✟ ✂ ✂✍✍✏ ✇✟ ✂ ✘✁✡✞✁✛✄ ✞✂✁✇✎✡☛ ✇✁✄ ✆✠✎✡☛
✌✁✒ ✞✍✇✡ ✍✡ t✟ ☎ ✞✓ ▼✁✞✞✎ ✒✁✂ ✌✝✆✆✠ ✂✁✎✄ ✞ ✎t✓
➇✣✍✍✕✖ ✤✟ ✞✂ ✇ ✠✍✝✓ ❚✟✁t✛✄ ✠✍✝✖✜ ✄✟ ✙✒✆✁✎✏ ✞✓
❆✡✞ t✟ ✟ ✁✞ ✁✡✞ ✌✁✒ ✍✌ t✟✎✄ ✑✎✒t✝✂ ✞✎✞ ✆✍✍✕ ✆✎✕
✚ ☛☛✠✓
➇✘✟✁t ✞✎✞ ✗ ✄✁✠✖✜ ✄✁✎✞ ✚ ☛☛✠✱ ➇✤✟ ✏✝✄t ✟✁✔
✂ ✁✆✆✠ ✆✎✕ ✞ ✝✄✱ ✁✡✠✇✁✠✓✜
➇✥ ✄✱ ✄✟ ✏✝✄t ✟✁✔ ✱✜ ✁☛✂ ✞ ▼✁✞✞✎ ✱ ✁✡✞ ✄✟
☎✆✎✡✕ ✞ ✁✇✁✠ t✟ t ✁✂✄ t✟✁t ✒✁✏ ✔ ✂✠ t✎✏ ✄✟
t✟✍✝☛✟t ✍✌ ✘✁✡✞✁ ✄t✁✡✞✎✡☛ ✁✆✍✡ ✎✡ t✟✁t ✄✝✡✡✠ ✄✑✍t
✎✡ t✟ ✄✒✟✍✍✆ ✠✁✂✞✱ ✆✍✍✕✎✡☛ ✄t✍✆✎✞✆✠ ✍✔ ✂ ✁t t✟ ☛✂✍✝✑ 79
✍✌ ✆✁✝☛✟✎✡☛ ☛✎✂✆✄ ✁✌t ✂ ✄✟ ✟✁✞ ✇✁✆✕ ✞ ✍✌✌✱ ✁✌t ✂ ✄✟
✟✁✞ ✄✁✎✞✱ ➇✤✝✂ ✱ ✁ ✟✝✡✞✂ ✞ ✍✌ t✟ ✏✱ ✁✆✆ ✆✎✡ ✞ ✝✑✓✜
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✦ ❲✧★✩ ✪✫✪ ✩✧✬ ✭✫✮✯✰ ✲✮✫✩✬ ✩✴ ❲★✵✪★✷
✸✦ ❉✫✪ ✩✧✬✹ ✭✬✩ ★ ✮✬✺✯✹✷ ❲✧✴ ✲★✰ ✻✴✮✬ ★✵✼✫✴✽✰ ✾✴✮ ★ ✮✬✺✯✹✿ ❀✬✭✭✹ ✴✮
❁★✪✪✫✬✷ ❂✴✲ ✪✴ ✹✴✽ ❃✵✴✲✷

The Hundred Dresses ñII

❄✦ ❂✴✲ ✪✫✪ ✩✧✬ ✭✫✮✯✰ ❃✵✴✲ ✩✧★✩ ❲★✵✪★ ✯✫❃✬✪ ✩✧✬✻ ✬❅✬✵ ✩✧✴✽✭✧ ✩✧✬✹ ✧★✪
✩✬★✰✬✪ ✧✬✮✷

❇❈ ❊❋● ❍■ ●■❏ ❑❋▲◆❖ ❊P◆❍P◗❘ ❙P❯▲❱● ❯■❳❨❍ ❑■ P ❍▲❙❙❨❢❨◆❑ ❡▲❑●❩ ❬■ ●■❏ ❑❋▲◆❖ ❱▲❙❨
❑❋❨❢❨ ❭P❘ ❪■▲◆❪ ❑■ ❫❨ ❍▲❙❙❨❢❨◆❑ ❙■❢ ❑❋❨▲❢ ❙P❯▲❱●❩
❴❈ ❵P❍❍▲❨ ❑❋■❏❪❋❑ ❋❨❢ ❘▲❱❨◆❡❨ ❭P❘ P❘ ❫P❍ P❘ ❜❨❪❪●◗❘ ❑❨P❘▲◆❪❈ ❊P❘ ❘❋❨ ❢▲❪❋❑❩
❝❈ ❜❨❪❪● ❘P●❘❞ ❣❤ ◆❨❳❨❢ ❑❋■❏❪❋❑ ❘❋❨ ❋P❍ ❑❋❨ ❘❨◆❘❨ ❑■ ❖◆■❭ ❭❨ ❭❨❢❨ ❯P❖▲◆❪ ❙❏◆
■❙ ❋❨❢ P◆●❭P●❈ ❤ ❑❋■❏❪❋❑ ❘❋❨ ❭P❘ ❑■■ ❍❏❯❫❈ ♦◆❍ ❪❨❨❞ ❱■■❖ ❋■❭ ❘❋❨ ❡P◆
❍❢P❭✐❥ ❊❋P❑ ❱❨❍ ❜❨❪❪● ❑■ ❫❨❱▲❨❳❨ ❑❋P❑ ❊P◆❍P ❭P❘ ❍❏❯❫❩ ❬▲❍ ❘❋❨ ❡❋P◆❪❨ ❋❨❢
■❦▲◆▲■◆ ❱P❑❨❢❩
 ✹✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝✞✂✁✟✂ ✠✡☛✄☞✄✝✟ ✠✄✠ ✌✁✠✠✄✡ ☎✁✍✡✎ ❲ ✏ ✠✄✠ ☞ ✡ ✁✑✡ ✂✝ ✂ ✄✟✍ ✁✞✠
✂✝ ✠✝ ☞✝✎
✺✳ ❲ ✏ ✠✝ ✏✝✒ ✂ ✄✟✍ ❲✁✟✠✁ ❛✁✑✡ ✌✁✠✠✄✡ ✁✟✠ ✓✡❛❛✏ ✂ ✡ ✠✞✁✔✄✟❛☞ ✝✕ ✂ ✡ ✠✞✡☞☞✡☞✎
❲ ✏ ✁✞✡ ✂ ✡✏ ☞✒✞✆✞✄☞✡✠✎
✻✳ ❉✝ ✏✝✒ ✂ ✄✟✍ ❲✁✟✠✁ ✞✡✁✖✖✏ ✂ ✝✒❛ ✂ ✂ ✡ ❛✄✞✖☞ ✔✡✞✡ ✂✡✁☞✄✟❛ ✡✞✎ ❲ ✏ ✝✞ ❲ ✏ ✟✝✂✎

■✳ ❍✗✘✗ ✙✘✗ ✚✛✜✘✚✢ ✙✣✤✗✥✚✜✦✗✧ ✣✗✧✥✘✜★✜✩✪ ✛✫✬✙✩ ✭✫✙✮✜✚✜✗✧✯ ✰✜✧✥✫✧✧ ✚✛✗✬ ✱✜✚✛
✢②✫✘ ✲✙✘✚✩✗✘ ✙✩✣ ✲✫✚ ✚✛✗✬ ✜✩ ✚✛✗ ✚✱② ✱②✘✣ ✱✗★✧ ✴✪✜✦✗✩ ★✗✮②✱✵ ✙✥✥②✘✣✜✩✪ ✚②
✱✛✗✚✛✗✘ ✢②✫ ✚✛✜✩✇ ✚✛✗✢ ✧✛②✱ ✲②✧✜✚✜✦✗ ②✘ ✩✗✪✙✚✜✦✗ ✭✫✙✮✜✚✜✗✧✯ ✶②✫ ✥✙✩ ✥②✩✧✫✮✚
✙ ✣✜✥✚✜②✩✙✘✢ ✜✷ ✢②✫ ✙✘✗ ✩②✚ ✧✫✘✗ ②✷ ✚✛✗ ✬✗✙✩✜✩✪✧ ②✷ ✧②✬✗ ②✷ ✚✛✗ ✱②✘✣✧✯ ✶②✫
✬✙✢ ✙✮✧② ✙✣✣ ✚② ✚✛✗ ✮✜✧✚ ✚✛✗ ✲②✧✜✚✜✦✗ ②✘ ✩✗✪✙✚✜✦✗ ♠✲✙✜✘✸ ②✷ ✙ ✪✜✦✗✩ ✱②✘✣✯
✍✄✟✠❦ ☞✁✞☛✁☞✂✄☛❦ ☛✝✒✞✂✡✝✒☞❦ ✁✞✞✝❛✁✟✂❦ ✄✟☞✄✆✄✠❦ ✂✄☎✄✠❦ ✆✖✁☛✄✠❦ ☛✞✒✡✖❦ ✁✒❛ ✂✏❦
✆✞✝✒✠❦ ♣✡✁✖✝✒☞❦ ✄✟✂✞✡✆✄✠❦ ☞✡✟☞✄✂✄✑✡❦ ☛✝☎✆✁☞☞✄✝✟✁✂✡❦ ✄✟✂✞✝✑✡✞✂✡✠❦ ☞✂✝✖✄✠❦
☛ ✡✡✞✕✒✖❦ ☛✝✟✂✡✟✂✡✠❦ ✂ ✝✒❛ ✂✖✡☞☞❦ ✑✁✄✟❦ ✕✞✄✡✟✠✖✏❦ ✒✟✕✝✞❛✄✑✄✟❛❦ ✕✁☞ ✄✝✟✁❝✖✡❦
❛✡✟✡✞✝✒☞❦ ✂✁✖✡✟✂✡✠❦ ✖✝✟✡✖✏❦ ✠✡✂✡✞☎✄✟✡✠❦ ☛✞✡✁✂✄✑✡❦ ☎✄☞✡✞✁❝✖✡❦ ☛✝☎✆✖✁☛✡✟✂
First Flight

80 P✼✽✾✿✾❀❁

◆❁❂❃✿✾❀❁
 ■■ ❲✁✂✄ ✂☎✆✝✞✄✟✠✝✡ ✞✂☛ ☞✝ ✌✡✝ ✄✍ ☎✝✡✞✎✟✏✝ ✑✝✒✒✓✔ ❲✂☛☎✂ ✂☛☎ ❛✂☎☎✟✝✕ ✖✍✌
✞✂☛ ✞✁✍✍✡✝ ✂☎✆✝✞✄✟✠✝✡ ❝✎✍♦ ✄✁✝ ✗✟✡✄ ✂✏✍✠✝✘ ✖✍✌ ✞✂☛ ✂✗✡✍ ✂☎☎ ✡✍♦✝ ✍❝
✓✍✌✎ ✍☞☛✘

✶ P✙✚✚✛

✷ ✜✢✣✤✢

✸ ▼✢✤✤✥✙

■■■ ✶ ❋✟☛☎ ✄✁✝ ✡✝☛✄✝☛✞✝✡ ✟☛ ✄✁✝ ✡✄✍✎✓ ☞✟✄✁ ✄✁✝ ❝✍✗✗✍☞✟☛✒ ✦✁✎✂✡✂✗ ✠✝✎✏✡✘

❧✧★✩✪ ✫✬ t✭✮✫✯✭t ✫✬ t✮✮✰ ✮✱✱ st✮✮✪ ✲✳

✷ ▲✍✍✴ ✌✦ ✄✁✝✡✝ ✦✁✎✂✡✂✗ ✠✝✎✏✡ ✟☛ ✂ ☎✟✞✄✟✍☛✂✎✓ ✄✍ ❝✟☛☎ ✍✌✄ ✟❝ ✄✁✝✓ ✞✂☛ ✏✝

✌✡✝☎ ✟☛ ✡✍♦✝ ✍✄✁✝✎ ☞✂✓✘ ✉▲✍✍✴ ✂✄ ✄✁✝ ✝☛✄✎✟✝✡ ❝✍✎ ✵✹✺✻✔ ✼✽✹✺✾✔ ✼✿✾✻
✂☛☎ ❀✼✿✺❁ ✟☛ ✄✁✝ ☎✟✞✄✟✍☛✂✎✓✘❂ ❋✟☛☎ ✍✌✄ ☞✁✂✄ ✍✄✁✝✎ ✦✎✝✦✍✡✟✄✟✍☛✡ ✞✂☛
✒✍ ☞✟✄✁ ✄✁✝✡✝ ✠✝✎✏✡✘ ❲✁✂✄ ☎✍✝✡ ✝✂✞✁ ✍❝ ✄✁✝✡✝ ✦✁✎✂✡✂✗ ✠✝✎✏✡ ♦✝✂☛✕

✸ ❯✡✝ ✂✄ ✗✝✂✡✄ ❝✟✠✝ ✡✌✞✁ ✦✁✎✂✡✂✗ ✠✝✎✏✡ ✟☛ ✡✝☛✄✝☛✞✝✡ ✍❝ ✓✍✌✎ ✍☞☛✘

■❃ ❈✍✗✍✌✎✡ ✂✎✝ ✌✡✝☎ ✄✍ ☎✝✡✞✎✟✏✝ ❝✝✝✗✟☛✒✡✔ ♦✍✍☎✡ ✂☛☎ ✝♦✍✄✟✍☛✡✘ ❛✂✄✞✁ ✄✁✝
❝✍✗✗✍☞✟☛✒ ❢✞✍✗✍✌✎ ✝❄✦✎✝✡✡✟✍☛✡❅ ☞✟✄✁ ✂ ✡✌✒✒✝✡✄✝☎ ✦✂✎✂✦✁✎✂✡✝✘

❆✥❇ ❉❊✙ ▼●✣✤✢✛ ❍●❏✣✥✣✚ ➊ ❑✙✙◆ ✙❍♠✢❏❏✢❖❖✙✤◗✢✣✚❏✛◗✢❖❊✢❍✙✤

✲❧✫✩s
81
❆✥✥❇ ✚● r✩✪ ✥✣ ❉❊✙ ❑✢✐✙ ➊ ❑✙✙◆ ❘✙❏✛ ❖✥✐❙❚ ✢❖ ✥❑ ✢♠●❱❉ ❉● ❘●❍✥❉

❆✥✥✥❇ ◆●●❙ ✯r✩✩★ ➊ ❖✢✤✣✙❖❖ ●❏ ✤✙❳❏✙❖❖✥●✣ ✢❑❉✙❏ ✢ ❨✙✙❙✙✣✤ ●❑ ❑❱✣

❆✥❘❇ ❉❊✙ r✩✪ ✐✢❏❳✙❉ ➊ ❉❊✙ ❖✥✚✣ ●❏ ❳✙❏❍✥❖❖✥●✣ ❉● ♠✙✚✥✣ ✢✣ ✢✐❉✥●✣

❆❘❇ ✲❧✫✩❩♠◆●●✤✙✤ ➊ ✢ ❖✥✚✣ ●❑ ❖❱❏❏✙✣✤✙❏ ●❏ ✢✐✐✙❳❉✢✣✐✙ ●❑ ✤✙❑✙✢❉❬

✢ ❨✥❖❊ ❉● ❖❉●❳ ❑✥✚❊❉✥✣✚

❆❘✥❇ ✢ ✯r✩✩★ ♠✙◆❉ ➊ ✥✣ ✢✣ ❱✣◆✢❨❑❱◆ ✢✐❉❬ ❨❊✥◆✙ ✤●✥✣✚ ❖●❍✙❉❊✥✣✚

The Hundred Dresses ñII

❨❏●✣✚

❆❘✥✥❇ ✢ ✲❧❭❪✰✚❱✢❏✤ ➊ ✢ ❳❊●❉●✚❏✢❳❊✥✐ ❳❏✥✣❉ ●❑ ♠❱✥◆✤✥✣✚ ❳◆✢✣❖❬ ✢

✤✙❉✢✥◆✙✤ ❳◆✢✣ ●❏ ❖✐❊✙❍✙

❆❘✥✥✥❇ ✢ ✯r✩✳ ✢❏✙✢ ➊ ◆ ✢✣ ✤ ✢ ❏ ●❱ ✣ ✤ ✢ ❉ ●❨ ✣ ●❏ ✐ ✥❉ ✛ ❨ ❊✙ ❏ ✙

✐●✣❖❉❏❱✐❉✥●✣ ✥❖ ❳❏●❊✥♠✥❉✙✤ ♠✛ ◆✢❨

❆✥❫❇ ✢ ✇✭✧t✩ ❑◆✢✚ ➊ ✢✣ ✢❏✙✢ ●❑ ✢ ❖❱♠❴✙✐❉ ●❏ ✢ ❖✥❉❱✢❉✥●✣ ❨❊✙❏✙

❍✢❉❉✙❏❖ ✢❏✙ ✣●❉ ❘✙❏✛ ✐◆✙✢❏

❆❫❇ ✢ ✲❧✫✩❳❏✥✣❉ ➊ ✢ ✤✥❖❊●✣✙❖❉ ❳✙❏❖●✣ ❨✥❉❊ ✣● ❖✙✣❖✙ ●❑ ❏✥✚❊❉ ●❏

❨❏●✣✚

❆❫✥❇ r✩✪❩❊✢✣✤✙✤ ➊ ✢ ❖❳✙✐✥✢◆ ❨✙◆✐●❍✙

❆❫✥✥❇ ❉❊✙ ✯r✩✩★ ◆✥✚❊❉ ➊ ●❑ ✣●♠◆✙ ♠✥❏❉❊ ●❏ ❑❏●❍ ✢ ❏●✛✢◆ ❑✢❍✥◆✛

 ❘ ✁✂ ✄✁☎✆
❚✝✞ ✟✠✡☛☞ ✡✌ ✍❛✎✏❛ ✑✞✠☛✡✎✟♦✒ ✓☛✞✟✞✎✠✟ ❡❛✎☞ ✔✝❛☛❛✔✠✞☛✟ ✞✎✕❛✕✞✏ ✒✎ ❡❛✎☞ ♦✒✎✏✟
✡✌ ✖✞✝❛✗✒✡✘☛ ✙✠✞❛✟✒✎✕✚ ✓✛❛☞✒✎✕✚ ✟✒✠✠✒✎✕ ✒✎ ✔✛❛✟✟✜✢✣ ✤✡☛❡ ✕☛✡✘✓✟✣ ✥✝✡✡✟✞ ❛✎ ✞✓✒✟✡✏✞
✡☛ ✞✓✒✟✡✏✞✟ ✌☛✡❡ ✠✝✞ ✟✠✡☛☞✣ ✦✟✟✒✕✎ ☛✡✛✞✟ ✠✡ ✞❛✔✝ ❡✞❡✖✞☛ ✡✌ ✠✝✞ ✕☛✡✘✓ ✌☛✡❡ ✠✝❛✠
✞✓✒✟✡✏✞✚ ❛✎✏ ✠☛☞ ✠✡ ❛✔✠ ✒✠ ✡✘✠ ✛✒♦✞ ❛ ✓✛❛☞✚ ✘✟✒✎✕ ✠✝✞ ✧✡☛✏✟ ✒✎ ✠✝✞ ✟✠✡☛☞✣

✶✣ ▲✡✡♦ ❛✕❛✒✎ ❛✠ ✠✝✞ ✛✞✠✠✞☛ ✧✝✒✔✝ ✍❛✎✏❛★✟ ✌❛✠✝✞☛ ✧☛✒✠✞✟ ✠✡ ✩✒✟✟ ✩❛✟✡✎✚ ✍❛✎✏❛★✟
✠✞❛✔✝✞☛✣ ✩☛ ✑✞✠☛✡✎✟♦✒ ✒✟ ✎✡✠ ✪✘✒✠✞ ❛✧❛☛✞ ✝✡✧ ✠✡ ✧☛✒✠✞ ❛ ✌✡☛❡❛✛ ✛✞✠✠✞☛ ✒✎ ♠✎✕✛✒✟✝✣
✥❛✎ ☞✡✘ ☛✞✧☛✒✠✞ ✒✠ ❡✡☛✞ ❛✓✓☛✡✓☛✒❛✠✞✛☞❈ ✫✒✟✔✘✟✟ ✠✝✞ ✌✡✛✛✡✧✒✎✕ ✧✒✠✝ ☞✡✘☛ ✓❛☛✠✎✞☛
✖✞✌✡☛✞ ☞✡✘ ✏✡ ✟✡✣
❚✝✞ ✌✡☛❡❛✠ ✡✌ ❛ ✌✡☛❡❛✛ ✛✞✠✠✞☛✬ ✭✡✧ ✠✡ ✖✞✕✒✎ ✠✝✞ ✛✞✠✠✞☛ ❛✎✏ ✝✡✧ ✠✡ ✞✎✏ ✒✠✮ ✠✝✞
✛❛✎✕✘❛✕✞ ✡✌ ✠✝✞ ✛✞✠✠✞☛ ✎✞✞✏✟ ✠✡ ✖✞ ✌✡☛❡❛✛✣ ✙✦✗✡✒✏ ✒✎✌✡☛❡❛✛ ✧✡☛✏✟ ✛✒♦✞ ❧✝✡✛✛✞☛✯
❛✎✏ ✌☛❛✕❡✞✎✠✟ ✛✒♦✞ ❧✰✡ ❡✡☛✞ ❛✟♦ ✧✝☞ ✌✘✎✎☞ ✎❛❡✞✣✯✢ ✍☛✒✠✞ ✔✡❡✓✛✞✠✞ ✟✞✎✠✞✎✔✞✟✣
✷✣ ✦☛✞ ☞✡✘ ✒✎✠✞☛✞✟✠✞✏ ✒✎ ✏☛❛✧✒✎✕ ❛✎✏ ✓❛✒✎✠✒✎✕❈ ✱✒✠✘ ✲✘❡❛☛✚ ✡✎✞ ✡✌ ✳✎✏✒❛★✟ ✖✞✟✠
♦✎✡✧✎ ✏☛✞✟✟ ✏✞✟✒✕✎✞☛✟✚ ✝❛✟ ✎✡ ✌✡☛❡❛✛ ✠☛❛✒✎✒✎✕ ✒✎ ✏✞✟✒✕✎✒✎✕✣ ❦✝✞ ✟✠❛☛✠✞✏ ✖☞
First Flight

✟♦✞✠✔✝✒✎✕ ✒✏✞❛✟ ✌✡☛ ✝✞☛ ✡✧✎ ✏☛✞✟✟✞✟✚ ❛✎✏ ✕✞✠✠✒✎✕ ✠✝✞❡ ✟✠✒✠✔✝✞✏ ✖☞ ❛ ✠❛✒✛✡☛✣
✱✒✠✘★✟ ✌☛✒✞✎✏✟ ✛✒♦✞✏ ✝✞☛ ✏☛✞✟✟✞✟ ✟✡ ❡✘✔✝ ✠✝❛✠ ✠✝✞☞ ❛✟♦✞✏ ✝✞☛ ✠✡ ✏✞✟✒✕✎ ✔✛✡✠✝✞✟
✌✡☛ ✠✝✞❡✚ ❛✎✏ ✞✗✞✎ ✓❛✒✏ ✝✞☛ ✌✡☛ ✒✠❢
✳❡❛✕✒✎✞ ☞✡✘ ❛☛✞ ✕✡✒✎✕ ✠✡ ❡❛♦✞ ❛ ✔❛☛✞✞☛ ✡✘✠ ✡✌ ☞✡✘☛ ✝✡✖✖☞✣ ✍✝❛✠ ✟✡☛✠ ✡✌
✠✝✒✎✕✟ ✧✒✛✛ ☞✡✘ ✎✞✞✏ ✠✡ ✛✞❛☛✎❈ ✍☛✒✠✞ ❛ ✓❛☛❛✕☛❛✓✝ ✡☛ ✠✧✡ ✡✎ ✠✝✒✟ ✠✡✓✒✔ ❛✌✠✞☛
✔✡✎✟✘✛✠✒✎✕ ❛✎ ✞❝✓✞☛✠ ✡☛ ✏✡✒✎✕ ☛✞✌✞☛✞✎✔✞ ✧✡☛♦ ✡✎ ☞✡✘☛ ✔✝✡✟✞✎ ❛☛✞❛✣
82
✸✣ ✱✞✧☛✒✠✞ ❛ ✓❛☛✠ ✡✌ ✠✝✞ ✟✠✡☛☞ ❛✟ ✒✌ ✍❛✎✏❛ ✒✟ ✠✞✛✛✒✎✕ ✘✟ ✝✞☛ ✡✧✎ ✟✠✡☛☞✣

WHAT WE HAVE DONE

Narrated the story of Wanda Petronski, a poor little Polish girl in an American school,
and how her amazing drawing skills made her classmates feel ashamed about how
they had treated her.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Help your students conduct a survey in their class to find out about the different talents
that their classmates possess — anything from cooking to painting to singing to gardening.
Divide the class into two equal sections, A and B. Each student from Section A talks
with one student from Section B, and they interview each other for five or ten minutes,
so that at the end of that time all the students have been interviewed. Then about five
students from each section (more if there is time) talk about the talents of the person
they interviewed. Make sure that some of the more ‘marginalised’ students from your
class (each class has some of them) have their moment of ‘fame.’
This exercise can be done after Units 5 and 6 have been completed, so that
students understand the point of the exercise better.
 ❆✂✄♠
❆✂ ♠ ✁s ✁s
❚☎✆ ✝✞✆✟ ✟✆✠✠✡ ☛✡ ✟☎☞✟✒✓✡✔✞✍✝✠
☎☛✍☞✒✡❤✏☎✞✍☎✆✌✑ ☎✆ ✌✆✆✠✡✑✔✍✞✎✆ ☞✟ ☎✞✍✆✡✆✕✏✑✟☎ ☞✒✑✍☞✠✡ ✟☎☞✒
☞✟✆✓☞✒✓✌☞✠
■ ✖✗✘✙✚ ■ ✛✜✢✣✤ ✖✢✥✙ ✦✙✤ ✣✘✧★ ✩✘✖✗ ✦✙✘✪✦✣✫✬ ✖✗★✭ ✦✥★
✫✜ ✮✣✦✛✘✤ ✦✙✤ ✫★✣✯✰✛✜✙✖✦✘✙✱✤✬
■ ✫✖✦✙✤ ✦✙✤ ✣✜✜✚ ✦✖ ✖✗★✪ ✣✜✙✲ ✦✙✤ ✣✜✙✲✳
✴✗★✭ ✤✜ ✙✜✖ ✫✩★✦✖ ✦✙✤ ✩✗✘✙★ ✦✵✜✢✖ ✖✗★✘✥ ✛✜✙✤✘✖✘✜✙✬
✴✗★✭ ✤✜ ✙✜✖ ✣✘★ ✦✩✦✚★ ✘✙ ✖✗★ ✤✦✥✚ ✦✙✤ ✩★★✮ ✯✜✥ ✖✗★✘✥ ✫✘✙✫✬
✴✗★✭ ✤✜ ✙✜✖ ✪✦✚★ ✪★ ✫✘✛✚ ✤✘✫✛✢✫✫✘✙✲ ✖✗★✘✥ ✤✢✖✭ ✖✜ ✶✜✤✬
◆✜✖ ✜✙★ ✘✫ ✤✘✫✫✦✖✘✫✯✘★✤✬ ✙✜✖ ✜✙★ ✘✫ ✤★✪★✙✖★✤ ✩✘✖✗
✖✗★ ✪✦✙✘✦ ✜✯ ✜✩✙✘✙✲ ✖✗✘✙✲✫✬
◆✜✖ ✜✙★ ✚✙★★✣✫ ✖✜ ✦✙✜✖✗★✥✬ ✙✜✥ ✖✜ ✗✘✫ ✚✘✙✤ ✖✗✦✖
✣✘✧★✤ ✖✗✜✢✫✦✙✤✫ ✜✯ ✭★✦✥✫ ✦✲✜✬
◆✜✖ ✜✙★ ✘✫ ✥★✫✮★✛✖✦✵✣★ ✜✥ ✢✙✗✦✮✮✭ ✜✧★✥ ✖✗★ ✩✗✜✣★ ★✦✥✖✗✳
❙✜ ✖✗★✭ ✫✗✜✩ ✖✗★✘✥ ✥★✣✦✖✘✜✙✫ ✖✜ ✪★ ✦✙✤ ■ ✦✛✛★✮✖ ✖✗★✪✬
✴✗★✭ ✵✥✘✙✲ ✪★ ✖✜✚★✙✫ ✜✯ ✪✭✫★✣✯✬ ✖✗★✭ ★✧✘✙✛★
✖✗★✪ ✮✣✦✘✙✣✭ ✘✙ ✖✗★✘✥ ✮✜✫✫★✫✫✘✜✙
■ ✩✜✙✤★✥ ✩✗★✥★ ✖✗★✭ ✲★✖ ✖✗✜✫★ ✖✜✚★✙✫✬
❉✘✤ ■ ✮✦✫✫ ✖✗✦✖ ✩✦✭ ✗✢✲★ ✖✘✪★✫ ✦✲✜ ✦✙✤ ✙★✲✣✘✲★✙✖✣✭ ✤✥✜✮ ✖✗★✪✷
❲✸✹✺❲❍✻ ✺ ✼✸✽
❬❋✎✞✍✾✿✞✒❀✞✌❁❂✡✆✠✌ ➆✑✒ ▲❃❄❅❃❇❈❊●❏❄❇❇❑
Walt Whitman (1819 – 92) is a major figure in early American poetry. In
an age when all poetry was rhymed and metrical, Whitman made a
break with tradition and wrote a revolutionary new kind of poetry in free
verse. He was a nonconformist in all respects, including his social life.
 ✶✳ ◆ ✁✂✄☎ ✁✆☎ ✝✞☎ ✟ ✁✆☎ ✠ ✡☛ ☞✁✝✡✌✍ ✂✌ ✁✆☎ ✟✂✡✞✁ ✎✂✌☎✏ ✑✒ ✁✆✂✌✓ ✒ ✄ ✝✎☛ ✁✝✡✌ ✔✌☛ ✎✂✕☎
✠✂✁✆ ✔✌✂✇✔✎✞✖✗✳ ✘✆✔✁ ✂✞ ✁✆☎ ✙ ☎✁ ✁✝✡✌✂✌✚ ✟✡ ✇✛
✷✳ ▼☎✌✁✂ ✌ ✁✆✡☎☎ ✁✆✂✌✚✞ ✁✆✔✁ ✆✝✇✔✌✞ ☛ ✔✌☛ ✔✌✂✇✔✎✞ ☛ ✌✍✁✳
✸✳ ❉ ✆✝✇✔✌✞ ✓✌☎☎✎ ✁ ✁✆☎✡ ✆✝✇✔✌✞ ✠✆ ✎✂✕☎☛ ✁✆ ✝✞✔✌☛✞ ✟ ✜☎✔✡✞ ✔✚ ✛ ❉✂✞✄✝✞✞
✁✆✂✞ ✂✌ ✚✡ ✝✙✞✳
✹✳ ✘✆✔✁ ✔✡☎ ✁✆☎ ☞✁ ✓☎✌✞✍ ✁✆✔✁ ✁✆☎ ✙ ☎✁ ✞✔✜✞ ✆☎ ✇✔✜ ✆✔✕☎ ☛✡ ✙✙☎☛ ✎ ✌✚ ✔✚ ✏ ✔✌☛
✠✆✂✄✆ ✁✆☎ ✔✌✂✇✔✎✞ ✆✔✕☎ ✓☎✙✁ ✟ ✡ ✆✂✇✛ ❉✂✞✄✝✞✞ ✁✆✂✞ ✂✌ ✄✎✔✞✞✳ ✢❍✣✤✥✦ ✘✆✂✁✇✔✌
❜☎✎ ✌✚✞ ✁ ✁✆☎ ✧ ✇✔✌✁✂✄ ✁✡✔☛✂✁✂ ✌ ✁✆✔✁ ✂✌✄✎✝☛☎✞ ✧ ✝✞✞☎✔✝ ✔✌☛ ✘ ✡☛✞✠ ✡✁✆✏
✠✆✂✄✆ ✆ ✎☛✞ ✁✆✔✁ ✄✂✕✂✎✂✞✔✁✂ ✌ ✆✔✞ ✇✔☛☎ ✆✝✇✔✌✞ ✟✔✎✞☎ ✁ ✁✆☎✂✡ ✠✌ ✁✡✝☎ ✌✔✁✝✡☎✳
✘✆✔✁ ✄ ✝✎☛ ❜☎ ✁✆☎ ❜✔✞✂✄ ✔✞✙☎✄✁✞ ✟ ✝✡ ✌✔✁✝✡☎ ✔✞ ✎✂✕✂✌✚ ❜☎✂✌✚✞ ✁✆✔✁ ✆✝✇✔✌✞
✄✆ ✞☎ ✁ ✂✚✌ ✡☎ ✡ ☛☎✌✜✛❝
First Flight

English is funny, because...

If the plural of tooth is teeth, why isn’t the plural
84
of booth beeth?
 BEFORE YOU READ
❆ ✁✂✄✂✁☎
❉✆✝✞✟✝✝ ✆✠ ✞✡☛✝✝
✶✳ ❲☞☛✌ ✆✍☛✎✏✝ ✑ ✒✓ ✔✏✒✔✡✏ ☛✠✕ ✒✓ ✔✡☛✞✏✝ ✑ ✞✒✍✏ ✌✒ ✖✒✟✗ ✍✆✠✕✘
✇☞✏✠ ✖✒✟ ✌☞✆✠✙ ✒✓ ✒✟✗ ✞✒✟✠✌✗✖✚
✷✳ ❲☞☛✌ ✔☛✗✌✝ ✒✓ ✛✠✕✆☛ ☞☛✜✏ ✖✒✟ ✡✆✜✏✕ ✆✠✘ ✒✗ ✜✆✝✆✌✏✕✚ ✢☛✠ ✖✒✟ ✠☛✍✏
✝✒✍✏ ✔✒✔✟✡☛✗ ✌✒✟✗✆✝✌ ✕✏✝✌✆✠☛✌✆✒✠✝✚
✸✳ ❨✒✟ ✍☛✖ ✙✠✒✇ ✌☞☛✌ ☛✔☛✗✌ ✓✗✒✍ ✌☞✏ ♦✗✆✌✆✝☞✘ ✌☞✏ ❉✟✌✞☞ ☛✠✕ ✌☞✏
❋✗✏✠✞☞✘ ✌☞✏ ✣✒✗✌✟✎✟✏✝✏ ☞☛✜✏ ☛✡✝✒ ✔✡☛✖✏✕ ☛ ✔☛✗✌ ✆✠ ✌☞✏ ☞✆✝✌✒✗✖ ✒✓
✒✟✗ ✞✒✟✠✌✗✖✳ ✢☛✠ ✖✒✟ ✝☛✖ ✇☞✆✞☞ ✔☛✗✌✝ ✒✓ ✛✠✕✆☛ ✝☞✒✇ ❋✗✏✠✞☞
☛✠✕ ✣✒✗✌✟✎✟✏✝✏ ✆✠✓✡✟✏✠✞✏✝✚
✹✳ ✢☛✠ ✖✒✟ ✝☛✖ ✇☞✆✞☞ ✔☛✗✌✝ ✒✓ ✛✠✕✆☛ ✎✗✒✇ ❈✆✤ ✌✏☛✘ ❈✆✆✤ ✞✒✓✓✏✏✚

■
✥ ✦✧★✩✪ ✫✪✬✭ ✮✬✧
❚☞✆✝ ✆✝ ☛ ✔✏✠✯✔✒✗✌✗☛✆✌ ✒✓ ☛ ✌✗☛✕✆✌✆✒✠☛✡ ✰✒☛✠ ✜✆✡✡☛✎✏ ✱☛✙✏✗ ✇☞✒ ✝✌✆✡✡
☞☛✝ ☛✠ ✆✍✔✒✗✌☛✠✌ ✔✡☛✞✏ ✆✠ ☞✆✝ ✝✒✞✆✏✌✖✳

❖❯✲ ✴✵✺✴✻✼ ✽✻✴ ✾✿❀✴❁ ❂✴✽✻✺ ✻✴❃❄❁❄✼❅❄❁❇ ❁✾✼❀✽✵❇❄❅✽✵✵❊ reminiscing

✽❛✾●❀ ❀❂✾✼✴ ❇✾✾✺ ✾✵✺ ❍✾✻❀●❇●✴✼✴ ✺✽❊✼❏ ❀❂✴ ❍✾✻❀●❇●✴✼✴ nostalgically
✽❁✺ ❀❂✴❄✻ ✿✽❃✾●✼ ✵✾✽❑✴✼ ✾✿ ❛✻✴✽✺▲ ▼❂✾✼✴ ✴✽❀✴✻✼ ✾✿ ✵✾✽❑✴✼ thinking fondly of
the past
❃❄❇❂❀ ❂✽❑✴ ❑✽❁❄✼❂✴✺ ❛●❀ ❀❂✴ ❃✽♠✴✻✼ ✽✻✴ ✼❀❄✵✵ ❀❂✴✻✴▲
◆✴ ✼❀❄✵✵ ❂✽❑✴ ✽❃✾❁❇✼❀ ●✼ ❀❂✴ ❃❄❡✴✻✼❏ ❀❂✴ ❃✾●✵✺✴✻✼
✽❁✺ ❀❂✾✼✴ P❂✾ ❛✽♠✴ ❀❂✴ ✵✾✽❑✴✼▲ ▼❂✾✼✴ ✽❇✴◗✾✵✺❏ ❀❄❃✴◗
❀✴✼❀✴✺ ✿●✻❁✽❅✴✼ ✼❀❄✵✵ ✴❡❄✼❀▲ ▼❂✴ ✿❄✻✴ ❄❁ ❀❂✴ ✿●✻❁✽❅✴✼
❂✽✼ ❁✾❀ ❊✴❀ ❛✴✴❁ ✴❡❀❄❁❇●❄✼❂✴✺▲ ▼❂✴ ❀❂●✺ ✽❁✺ ❤❄❁❇✵✴ ✾✿
 t ✁ t✂✄☎✆t✆✝✞✄✟ ✠✄✡✁✂☛☞ ✠✄✌✠✝✝✍ ✁✂✄✟☎✆✞✎ ✆☞ ✄✂✂✆❤✄✟ heralding
✆✞ t ✁ ✌✝✂✞✆✞✎✍ ✐✄✞ ☞t✆✟✟ ✠✁ ✁✄✂☎ ✆✞ ☞✝✌✁ ✏✟✄✐✁☞✑ announcing
▼✄✒✠✁ t ✁ ✓✄t ✁✂ ✆☞ ✞✝t ✄✟✆❤✁ ✠✔t t ✁ ☞✝✞ ☞t✆✟✟ ✐✄✂✂✆✁☞
✝✞ t ✁ ✓✄✌✆✟✒ ✏✂✝✓✁☞☞✆✝✞✑ ♦ ✁☞✁ ✠✄✡✁✂☞ ✄✂✁✍ ✁❤✁✞ t✝☎✄✒✍
✡✞✝❦✞ ✄☞ ♣✕✖✗✘ ✆✞ ✙✝✄✑
❉✔✂✆✞✎ ✝✔✂ ✐ ✆✟☎ ✝✝☎ ✆✞ ✙✝✄✍ t ✁ ✠✄✡✁✂ ✔☞✁☎ t✝
✠✁ ✝✔✂ ✓✂✆✁✞☎✍ ✐✝✌✏✄✞✆✝✞ ✄✞☎ ✎✔✆☎✁✑ ❜✁ ✔☞✁☎ t✝
✐✝✌✁ ✄t ✟✁✄☞t t❦✆✐✁ ✄ ☎✄✒✑ ❝✞✐✁✍ ❦ ✁✞ ✁ ☞✁t ✝✔t ✆✞
t ✁ ✌✝✂✞✆✞✎ ✝✞ ✆☞ ☞✁✟✟✆✞✎ ✂✝✔✞☎✍ ✄✞☎ t ✁✞ ✄✎✄✆✞✍
❦ ✁✞ ✁ ✂✁t✔✂✞✁☎ ✄✓t✁✂ ✁✌✏t✒✆✞✎ ✆☞ ✔✎✁ ✠✄☞✡✁t✑
♦ ✁ ❚✆✞✎✟✆✞✎ t ✔☎ ✝✓ ✆☞ ✠✄✌✠✝✝ ❦✝✡✁ ✔☞ ✔✏ ✓✂✝✌
☞✟✁✁✏ ✄✞☎ ❦✁ ✂✄✞ t✝ ✌✁✁t ✄✞☎ ✎✂✁✁t ✆✌✑ s ✒ ❦✄☞
✆t ☞✝✚ s✄☞ ✆t ✓✝✂ t ✁ ✟✝❤✁ ✝✓ t ✁ ✟✝✄✓✚ ❛✝t ✄t ✄✟✟✑ ♦ ✁
✟✝✄❤✁☞ ❦✁✂✁ ✠✝✔✎ t ✠✒ ☞✝✌✁ ❧✄☞✡✆✞✁ ✝✂ ✛✄☞t✆✞✁✍
t ✁ ✌✄✆☎✜☞✁✂❤✄✞t ✝✓ t ✁ ✝✔☞✁✢ s ✄t ❦✁ ✟✝✞✎✁☎ ✓✝✂
❦✁✂✁ t ✝☞✁ ✠✂✁✄☎✜✠✄✞✎✟✁☞ ❦ ✆✐ ❦✁ ✐ ✝☞✁ ✐✄✂✁✓✔✟✟✒✑
❙✝✌✁t✆✌✁☞ ✆t ❦✄☞ ☞❦✁✁t ✠✂✁✄☎ ✝✓ ☞✏✁✐✆✄✟ ✌✄✡✁✑
♦ ✁ ✠✄✡✁✂ ✌✄☎✁ ✆☞ ✌✔☞✆✐✄✟ ✁✞t✂✒ ✝✞ t ✁ ☞✐✁✞✁
First Flight

❦✆t t ✁ ✇❚ ✄✞✎✍ ❚ ✄✞✎☛ ☞✝✔✞☎ ✝✓ ✆☞ ☞✏✁✐✆✄✟✟✒ ✌✄☎✁

✠✄✌✠✝✝ ☞t✄✓✓✑ ❝✞✁ ✄✞☎ ☞✔✏✏✝✂t✁☎ t ✁ ✠✄☞✡✁t ✝✞
✆☞ ✁✄☎ ✄✞☎ t ✁ ✝t ✁✂ ✠✄✞✎✁☎ t ✁ ✠✄✌✠✝✝ ✝✞ t ✁
✎✂✝✔✞☎✑ ❜✁ ❦✝✔✟☎ ✎✂✁✁t t ✁ ✟✄☎✒ ✝✓ t ✁ ✝✔☞✁ ❦✆t
➇✙✝✝☎ ✌✝✂✞✆✞✎✣ ✄✞☎ t ✁✞ ✏✟✄✐✁ ✆☞ ✠✄☞✡✁t ✝✞ t ✁
86 ❤✁✂t✆✐✄✟ ✠✄✌✠✝✝✑ s✁ ✡✆☎☞ ❦✝✔✟☎ ✠✁ ✏✔☞ ✁☎ ✄☞✆☎✁
❦✆t ✄ ✌✆✟☎ ✂✁✠✔✡✁ ✄✞☎ t ✁ ✟✝✄❤✁☞ ❦✝✔✟☎ ✠✁ ☎✁✟✆❤✁✂✁☎ rebuke
t✝ t ✁ ☞✁✂❤✄✞t✑ ✛✔t ❦✁ ❦✝✔✟☎ ✞✝t ✎✆❤✁ ✔✏✑ s✁ ❦✝✔✟☎ an expression of
✐✟✆✌✠ ✄ ✠✁✞✐ ✝✂ t ✁ ✏✄✂✄✏✁t ✄✞☎ ✏✁✁✏ ✆✞t✝ t ✁ disapproval; a
✠✄☞✡✁t✍ ☞✝✌✁ ✝❦✑ ✤ ✐✄✞ ☞t✆✟✟ ✂✁✐✄✟✟ t ✁ t✒✏✆✐✄✟ scolding

✓✂✄✎✂✄✞✐✁ ✝✓ t ✝☞✁ ✟✝✄❤✁☞✑ ✥✝✄❤✁☞ ✓✝✂ t ✁ ✁✟☎✁✂☞ ✄✞☎ fragrance

t ✁ ✠✄✞✎✟✁☞ ✓✝✂ t ✁ ✐ ✆✟☎✂✁✞✑ ♦ ✁✞ ❦✁ ☎✆☎ ✞✝t ✁❤✁✞ scent
✐✄✂✁ t✝ ✠✂✔☞ ✝✔✂ t✁✁t ✝✂ ❦✄☞ ✝✔✂ ✌✝✔t ☞
✏✂✝✏✁✂✟✒✑ ✦✞☎ ❦ ✒ ☞ ✝✔✟☎ ❦✁✚ s ✝ ❦✝✔✟☎ t✄✡✁ t ✁
t✂✝✔✠✟✁ ✝✓ ✏✟✔✐✡✆✞✎ t ✁ ✌✄✞✎✝✜✟✁✄✓ ✓✝✂ t ✁
t✝✝t ✠✂✔☞ ✚ ✦✞☎ ❦ ✒ ❦✄☞ ✆t ✞✁✐✁☞☞✄✂✒ ✄t ✄✟✟✚ ♦ ✁
t✆✎✁✂ ✞✁❤✁✂ ✠✂✔☞ ✁☎ ✆☞ t✁✁t ✑ ❜✝t t✁✄ ✐✝✔✟☎ ❦✄☞
✄✞☎ ✐✟✁✄✞ ✔✏ ✁❤✁✂✒t ✆✞✎ ☞✝ ✞✆✐✁✟✒✍ ✄✓t✁✂ ✄✟✟✢
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲✧★✩ ★✪✫ ✩✧✫ ✫✬✭✫✪✮ ✯✰ ✱✲★ ✰✲✮✩★✬✴✯✵ ★✷✲✸✩✹
✺✳ ■✮ ✷✪✫★✭✻✼★✽✯✰✴ ✮✩✯✬✬ ✾✲✾✸✬★✪ ✯✰ ✱✲★✹ ✿✲❀ ✭✲ ❁✲✸ ✽✰✲❀✹
❂✳ ❲✧★✩ ✯✮ ✩✧✫ ✷★✽✫✪ ✵★✬✬✫✭✹
❃✳ ❲✧✫✰ ❀✲✸✬✭ ✩✧✫ ✷★✽✫✪ ✵✲✼✫ ✫❄✫✪❁✭★❁✹ ❲✧❁ ✭✯✭ ✩✧✫ ✵✧✯✬✭✪✫✰
✪✸✰ ✩✲ ✼✫✫✩ ✧✯✼✹
 ▼ ✁✁✂ ✄☎ ✄✂✆✝✞ ✁☎ ✟☎ ✠✂✠✄✡☎✞✞ ☛✂✝☞✌✍✝ ✝☞☎ ✞☛☎☎✝
❜✁☎ ✎ ✏✠✌☛✠ ✞ ✝☞☎ ✑✒✓✱ ✔✍✞✝ ✞ ✕ ✁✝✖ ✌✁ ✆☎ ✞✝
✡✌✞☎✞ ✂✝✞ ❧☞ ✁✟ ☛✂✝☞✌✍✝ ❜✁☎ ✎✗ ✘✌✝ ☎✠✌✍✄☞ ❧ ✠ ❜☎
✞ ✂✎ ✝✌ ✞☞✌☛ ☞✌☛ ✂✟✕✌✁✝ ✠✝ ❜ ✏☎✁ ❧ ✠ ❜☎ ✆✌✁
✈✂✡✡ ✄☎✗ ✙☞☎ ✡ ✎✖ ✌✆ ✝☞☎ ☞✌✍✞☎ ✟✍✞✝ ✕✁☎✕ ✁☎
✞ ✠✎☛✂❧☞☎✞ ✌✠ ✝☞☎ ✌❧❧ ✞✂✌✠ ✌✆ ☞☎✁ ✎ ✍✄☞✝☎✁s✞
☎✠✄ ✄☎✟☎✠✝✗ ❡ ✏☎✞ ✠✎ ✑✒✓✚✛✜✢✣ ✁☎ ✟✍✞✝ ✆✌✁
❡☞✁✂✞✝✟ ✞ ✞ ☛☎✡✡ ✞ ✌✝☞☎✁ ✆☎✞✝✂✈ ✡✞✗ ✙☞✍✞✱ ✝☞☎
✕✁☎✞☎✠❧☎ ✌✆ ✝☞☎ ❜ ✏☎✁s✞ ✆✍✁✠ ❧☎ ✂✠ ✝☞☎ ✈✂✡✡ ✄☎ ✂✞
❜✞✌✡✍✝☎✡✖ ☎✞✞☎✠✝✂ ✡✗
✙☞☎ ❜ ✏☎✁ ✌✁ ❜✁☎ ✎❚✞☎✡✡☎✁ ✌✆ ✝☞✌✞☎ ✎ ✖✞ ☞ ✎
✕☎❧✍✡✂ ✁ ✎✁☎✞✞ ✏✠✌☛✠ ✞ ✝☞☎ ❦✢✑✢✚✗ ✳✝ ☛ ✞ ✞✂✠✄✡☎❚
✕✂☎❧☎ ✡✌✠✄ ✆✁✌❧✏ ✁☎ ❧☞✂✠✄ ✎✌☛✠ ✝✌ ✝☞☎ ✏✠☎☎✞✗ ✳✠ ✌✍✁
❧☞✂✡✎☞✌✌✎ ☛☎ ✞ ☛ ❜ ✏☎✁✞ ☛☎ ✁✂✠✄ ✞☞✂✁✝ ✠✎
✝✁✌✍✞☎✁✞ ☛☞✂❧☞ ☛☎✁☎ ✞☞✌✁✝☎✁ ✝☞ ✠ ✆✍✡✡❚✡☎✠✄✝☞ ✌✠☎✞
✠✎ ✡✌✠✄☎✁ ✝☞ ✠ ☞ ✡✆ ✕ ✠✝✞✗ ❛✈☎✠ ✝✌✎ ✖✱ ✠✖✌✠☎
☛☞✌ ☛☎ ✁✞ ☞ ✡✆ ✕ ✠✝ ☛☞✂❧☞ ✁☎ ❧☞☎✞ ✔✍✞✝ ❜☎✡✌☛
✝☞☎ ✏✠☎☎✞ ✂✠✈✂✝☎✞ ✝☞☎ ❧✌✟✟☎✠✝ ✝☞ ✝ ☞☎ ✂✞ ✎✁☎✞✞☎✎
✡✂✏☎ ♣✢✤✥✦✧
✙☞☎ ❜ ✏☎✁ ✍✞✍ ✡✡✖ ❧✌✡✡☎❧✝☎✎ ☞✂✞ ❜✂✡✡✞ ✝ ✝☞☎ ☎✠✎
✌✆ ✝☞☎ ✟✌✠✝☞✗ ▼✌✠✝☞✡✖ ❧❧✌✍✠✝✞ ✍✞☎✎ ✝✌ ❜☎ ✁☎❧✌✁✎☎✎ 87
✌✠ ✞✌✟☎ ☛ ✡✡ ✂✠ ✕☎✠❧✂✡✗ ♦ ✏✂✠✄ ☛ ✞ ✂✠✎☎☎✎
✕✁✌✆✂✝ ❜✡☎ ✕✁✌✆☎✞✞✂✌✠ ✂✠ ✝☞☎ ✌✡✎ ✎ ✖✞✗ ✙☞☎ ❜ ✏☎✁ ✠✎
plump physique
☞✂✞ ✆ ✟✂✡✖ ✠☎✈☎✁ ✞✝ ✁✈☎✎✗ ❤☎✱ ☞✂✞ ✆ ✟✂✡✖ ✠✎ ☞✂✞ pleasantly fat body
✞☎✁✈ ✠✝✞ ✡☛ ✖✞ ✡✌✌✏☎✎ ☞ ✕✕✖ ✠✎ ✕✁✌✞✕☎✁✌✍✞✗ ✙☞☎✂✁
open testimony
✕✡✍✟✕ ✕☞✖✞✂★✍☎ ☛ ✞ ✠ ✌✕☎✠ ✝☎✞✝✂✟✌✠✖ ✝✌ ✝☞✂✞✗ ❛✈☎✠ public statement
✝✌✎ ✖ ✠✖ ✕☎✁✞✌✠ ☛✂✝☞ ✔ ❧✏✆✁✍✂✝❚✡✂✏☎ ✕☞✖✞✂❧ ✡ about a character or

Glimpses of India
✕✕☎ ✁ ✠❧☎ ✂✞ ☎ ✞✂✡✖ ❧✌✟✕ ✁☎✎ ✝✌ ❜ ✏☎✁✗ quality

Oral Comprehension Check

✶✩ ✪✫✬✭✮ ✬✮✯ ✰✲✴✴✲✵✷✸✹✩ ✺✮✫✬ ✷✻ ✫ ✼✽✻✬
✾✷✿ ✫✻ ✼✫❀❀✷✫✹✯ ✹✷✰✬✻❁ ➊ ✭✫❝✯✻ ✫✸❂ ❃❄❅❆❇❈❉❊
✾✷✷✿ ✰✲❀ ✫ ❢✫❀✬❋ ✲❀ ✫ ✰✯✫✻✬❁ ➊ ✻✵✯✯✬ ●❀✯✫❂ ✭✫✴✴✯❂ ❃❄❅
✾✷✷✷✿ ✰✲❀ ✫ ❂✫✽✹✮✬✯❀❍✻ ✯✸✹✫✹✯✼✯✸✬❁ ➊ ●❀✯✫❂
✾✷■✿ ✰✲❀ ❏✮❀✷✻✬✼✫✻❁ ➊ ✻✫✸❂✵✷✭✮✯✻
❑✩ ✺✮✫✬ ❂✷❂ ✬✮✯ ●✫❝✯❀✻ ✵✯✫❀❲ ✾✷✿ ✷✸ ✬✮✯ ▲✲❀✬✽✹✽✯✻✯ ❂✫❋✻❁ ✾✷✷✿ ✵✮✯✸ ✬✮✯
✫✽✬✮✲❀ ✵✫✻ ❋✲✽✸✹❁
◆✩ ✺✮✲ ✷✸■✷✬✯✻ ✬✮✯ ✭✲✼✼✯✸✬ ❖ P✮✯ ✷✻ ❂❀✯✻✻✯❂ ✴✷❝✯ ✫ ❢✫❂✯❀◗❁ ✺✮❋❁
❘✩ ✺✮✯❀✯ ✵✯❀✯ ✬✮✯ ✼✲✸✬✮✴❋ ✫✭✭✲✽✸✬✻ ✲✰ ✬✮✯ ●✫❝✯❀ ❀✯✭✲❀❂✯❂❁
❙✩ ✺✮✫✬ ❂✲✯✻ ✫ ❯❱✫✭❝✰❀✽✷✬❳✴✷❝✯ ✫❢❢✯✫❀✫✸✭✯❍ ✼✯✫✸❁
 ✶✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆ ✝✞✝ ✞✆✟✆✝✠✝✡✆✞ ✟☛✝ ✂✄☛☛✝✂✆☞
✭✁✮ ❚ ✝ ✌✟✍✝☛ ✎✟✞ ✟✡ ✁✠✌✄☛✆✟✡✆ ✌✝☛✞✄✡ ✁✡ ✆ ✝ ✏✁✑✑✟✒✝ ✁✡ ✄✑✍ ✆✁✠✝✞✳
✭✁✁✮ P✓✔✕✖✗ ✞✆✁✑✑ ✝✥✁✞✆ ✁✡ ✘✄✟✡ ✏✁✑✑✟✒✝✞✳
✭✁✁✁✮ ❚ ✝ ♣✓✔✕✖✗ ✎✝✡✆ ✟✎✟✙ ✎✁✆ ✆ ✝ ✚✄☛✆✛✒✛✝✞✝✳
✭✁✏✮ ❚ ✝ ♣✓✔✕✖✗ ✂✄✡✆✁✡✛✝ ✆✄ ✎✝✟☛ ✟ ✞✁✡✒✑✝✜✌✁✝✂✝ ✑✄✡✒ ☎☛✄✂✢✳
✭✏✮ ❇☛✝✟✍ ✟✡✍ ✂✟✢✝✞ ✎✝☛✝ ✟✡ ✁✡✆✝✒☛✟✑ ✌✟☛✆ ✄☎ ✘✄✟✡ ✑✁☎✝ ✁✡ ✆ ✝ ✄✑✍ ✍✟✙✞✳
✭✏✁✮ ❚☛✟✍✁✆✁✄✡✟✑ ✣☛✝✟✍✜✣✟✢✁✡✒ ✁✞ ✞✆✁✑✑ ✟ ✏✝☛✙ ✌☛✄☎✁✆✟✣✑✝ ✣✛✞✁✡✝✞✞✳
✭✏✁✁✮ P✓✔✕✖✗ ✟✡✍ ✆ ✝✁☛ ☎✟✠✁✑✁✝✞ ✞✆✟☛✏✝ ✁✡ ✆ ✝ ✌☛✝✞✝✡✆ ✆✁✠✝✞✳
✷✳ ■✞ ✣☛✝✟✍ ✟✡ ✁✠✌✄☛✆✟✡✆ ✌✟☛✆ ✄☎ ✘✄✟✡ ✑✁☎✝☞ ✤✄✎ ✍✄ ✙✄✛ ✢✡✄✎ ✆ ✁✞☞
✸✳ ❚✁✂✢ ✆ ✝ ☛✁✒ ✆ ✟✡✞✎✝☛✳ ❲ ✟✆ ✁✞ ✆ ✝ ✆✄✡✝ ✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✟✛✆ ✄☛ ✎ ✝✡ ✝ ✞✟✙✞ ✆ ✝ ☎✄✑✑✄✎✁✡✒☞
✭✁✮ ❚ ✝ ✆ ✛✍ ✟✡✍ ✆ ✝ ✦✁✡✒✑✝ ✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✆☛✟✍✁✆✁✄✡✟✑ ✣✟✢✝☛✧✞ ✣✟✠✣✄✄ ✂✟✡ ✞✆✁✑✑ ✣✝
✝✟☛✍ ✁✡ ✞✄✠✝ ✌✑✟✂✝✞✳ ✭✡✄✞✆✟✑✒✁✂❤ ✄✌✝☎✛✑❤ ✞✟✍✮
✭✁✁✮ ▼✟✙✣✝ ✆ ✝ ☎✟✆ ✝☛ ✁✞ ✡✄✆ ✟✑✁✏✝ ✣✛✆ ✆ ✝ ✞✄✡ ✞✆✁✑✑ ✂✟☛☛✁✝✞ ✄✡ ✆ ✝ ☎✟✠✁✑✙
✌☛✄☎✝✞✞✁✄✡✳ ✭✡✄✞✆✟✑✒✁✂❤ ✄✌✝☎✛✑❤ ✞✟✍✮
✭✁✁✁✮ ■ ✞✆✁✑✑ ☛✝✂✟✑✑ ✆ ✝ ✆✙✌✁✂✟✑ ☎☛✟✒☛✟✡✂✝ ✄☎ ✆ ✄✞✝ ✑✄✟✏✝✞✳ ✭✡✄✞✆✟✑✒✁✂❤ ✄✌✝☎✛✑❤
First Flight

✡✟✛✒ ✆✙✮
✭✁✏✮ ❚ ✝ ✆✁✒✝☛ ✡✝✏✝☛ ✣☛✛✞ ✝✍ ✁✞ ✆✝✝✆ ✳ ✤✄✆ ✆✝✟ ✂✄✛✑✍ ✎✟✞ ✟✡✍ ✂✑✝✟✡ ✛✌
✝✏✝☛✙✆ ✁✡✒ ✞✄ ✡✁✂✝✑✙❤ ✟☎✆✝☛ ✟✑✑✳ ✭✡✟✛✒ ✆✙❤ ✟✡✒☛✙❤ ☎✛✡✡✙✮
✭✏✮ ❈✟✢✝✞ ✟✡✍ ❜★✩✪✫✬✓✗ ✟☛✝ ✟ ✠✛✞✆ ☎✄☛ ❈ ☛✁✞✆✠✟✞ ✟✞ ✎✝✑✑ ✟✞ ✄✆ ✝☛ ☎✝✞✆✁✏✟✑✞✳
✭✞✟✍❤ ✄✌✝☎✛✑❤ ✠✟✆✆✝☛✜✄☎✜☎✟✂✆✮
88 ✭✏✁✮ ❚ ✝ ✣✟✢✝☛ ✟✡✍ ✁✞ ☎✟✠✁✑✙ ✡✝✏✝☛ ✞✆✟☛✏✝✍✳ ❚ ✝✙ ✟✑✎✟✙✞ ✑✄✄✢✝✍ ✟✌✌✙ ✟✡✍
✌☛✄✞✌✝☛✄✛✞✳ ✭✠✟✆✆✝☛✜✄☎✜☎✟✂✆❤ ✄✌✝☎✛✑❤ ✞✟✍✮

■✳ ■✡ ✆ ✁✞ ✝✥✆☛✟✂✆❤ ✆ ✝ ✟✛✆ ✄☛ ✆✟✑✢✞ ✟✣✄✛✆ ✆☛✟✍✁✆✁✄✡✟✑ ✣☛✝✟✍✜✣✟✢✁✡✒ ✍✛☛✁✡✒ ✁✞

✂ ✁✑✍ ✄✄✍ ✍✟✙✞✳ ❈✄✠✌✑✝✆✝ ✆ ✝ ☎✄✑✑✄✎✁✡✒ ✆✟✣✑✝ ✎✁✆ ✆ ✝ ✝✑✌ ✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✂✑✛✝✞ ✄✡
✆ ✝ ✑✝☎✆✳ ❚ ✝✡ ✎☛✁✆✝ ✟ ✌✟☛✟✒☛✟✌ ✟✣✄✛✆ ✆ ✝ ✟✛✆ ✄☛t✞ ✂ ✁✑✍ ✄✄✍ ✍✟✙✞✳
✯✰✱✲✴ ❆✱✵✹✺✻✼✴ ✽✹✾✰✿✹✺✺✿ ✿❀❁✴
✆ ✝ ✎✟✙ ✣☛✝✟✍ ✎✟✞ ✣✟✢✝✍
✆ ✝ ✎✟✙ ✆ ✝ ♣✓✔✕✖ ✞✄✑✍ ✣☛✝✟✍
✎ ✟✆ ✆ ✝ ♣✓✔✕✖ ✎✄☛✝
✎ ✝✡ ✆ ✝ ♣✓✔✕✖ ✎✟✞ ✌✟✁✍
✄✎ ✆ ✝ ♣✓✔✕✖ ✑✄✄✢✝✍
 ■■✳ ✶✳ ❈ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✝✞✆ ✂✟✆✠✆ ✡☎ ✁ ✝✞✆ ✝✆☛✝ ☞ ✌ ✝✞✆ ✍✆✡✝ ✎✆✍ ✏✑ ✏✟✝✞ ✝✞✆ ✝✞✆☎ ✂✟✆✠✆
✌ ♦ ✄✌ ✎✄✒✆☎✓ ☞ ✌ ✝✞✆ ☎✟✔✞✝✑✳ ✕✞✄✝ ✁✄✒✆✓ ✝✞✆ ✝✏ ✝✆☛✝✓ ✓ ✖✟✡✡✆☎✆✌✝✗
❆☎✆ ✝✞✆ ✡✄✠✝✓ ✝✞✆ ✓✄✁✆✗ ✘ ✎ ✝✞ ✏☎✟✝✆☎✓ ✔✟✙✆ ✚ ✛ ✄ ✂✟✠✝✛☎✆ ✡ ✝✞✆ ✎✄✒✆☎✗

❖✛☎ ✆✍✖✆☎✓ ✄☎✆ ✡✝✆✌ ✞✆✄☎✖
☎✆✁✟✌✟✓✠✟✌✔ ✌ ✓✝✄✍✔✟✠✄✍✍✚ ✄✎ ✛✝
✝✞ ✓✆ ✔ ✖ ✍✖ t ☎✝✛✔✛✆✓✆ ✖✄✚✓✜
✝✞✆ t ☎✝✛✔✛✆✓✆ ✄✌✖ ✝✞✆✟☎ ✡✄✁ ✛✓
✍ ✄✙✆✓ ✡ ✎☎✆✄✖✳ ❧✞ ✓✆ ✆✄✝✆☎✓ ✡
✍ ✄✙✆✓ ✁✟✔✞✝ ✞✄✙✆ ✙✄✌✟✓✞✆✖ ✎✛✝
✝✞✆ ✁✄✒✆☎✓ ✄☎✆ ✓✝✟✍✍ ✝✞✆☎✆✳ ✕✆ ✓✝✟✍✍
✞✄✙✆ ✄✁ ✌✔✓✝ ✛✓ ✝✞✆ ✁✟☛✆☎✓✜ ✝✞✆
✁ ✛✍✖✆☎✓ ✄✌✖ ✝✞ ✓✆ ✏✞ ✎✄✒✆ ✝✞✆
✍ ✄✙✆✓✳ ❧✞ ✓✆ ✄✔✆✢ ✍✖✜ ✝✟✁✆✢✝✆✓✝✆✖
✡✛☎✌✄✠✆✓ ✓✝✟✍✍ ✆☛✟✓✝✳ ❧✞✆ ✡✟☎✆ ✟✌ ✝✞✆
✡✛☎✌✄✠✆ ✓ ✞✄✖ ✌ ✝ ✚✆✝ ✎✆✆✌
✆☛✝✟✌✔✛✟✓✞✆✖✳ ❧✞✆ ✝✞✛✖ ✄✌✖ ✝✞✆
❥✟✌✔✍✆ ✡ ✝✞✆ ✝☎✄✖✟✝✟ ✌✄✍ ✎✄✒✆☎✣✓
✎✄✁✎ ✜ ✞✆☎✄✍✖✟✌✔ ✞✟✓ ✄☎☎✟✙✄✍ ✟✌
✝✞✆ ✁ ☎✌✟✌✔✜ ✠✄✌ ✓✝✟✍✍ ✎✆ ✞✆✄☎✖
✟✌ ✓ ✁✆ ✂✍✄✠✆✓✳
▼✄✚ ✎✆ ✝✞✆ ✡✄✝✞✆☎ ✟✓ ✌ ✝ ✄✍✟✙✆
✎✛✝ ✝✞✆ ✓ ✌ ✓✝✟✍✍ ✠✄☎☎✟✆✓ ✌ ✝✞✆
✡✄✁✟✍✚ ✂☎ ✡✆✓✓✟ ✌✳
❆✡✝✆☎ ♦ ✄✣✓ ✍✟✎✆☎✄✝✟ ✌✜ ✂✆ ✂✍✆ ✛✓✆✖
✝ ✓✄✚ ✌ ✓✝✄✍✔✟✠✄✍✍✚ ✝✞✄✝ ✝✞✆
t ☎✝✛✔✛✆✓✆ ✎☎✆✄✖ ✙✄✌✟✓✞✆✖ ✏✟✝✞
✝✞✆ ♣✩✪✫✧✬✳ ❇✛✝ ✝✞✆ ♣✩✪✫✧✬ ✞✄✙✆
✁✄✌✄✔✆✖ ✝ ✓✛☎✙✟✙✆ ✎✆✠✄✛✓✆ ✝✞✆✚
✞✄✙✆ ✂✆☎✡✆✠✝✆✖ ✝✞✆ ✄☎✝ ✡ ✖ ☎✢✝ ✢
✖ ☎ ✖✆✍✟✙✆☎✚ ✓✆☎✙✟✠✆✳ ❧✞✆ ♣✩✪✫✧✬
✂✟✠✒ ✛✂ ✝✞✆ ✒✌ ✏✍✆✖✔✆ ✡ ✎☎✆✄✖✢
✁✄✒✟✌✔ ✡☎ ✁ ✝☎✄✖✟✝✟ ✌✓ ✟✌ ✝✞✆
✡✄✁✟✍✚✳ ❧✞✆ ✍✆✄✙✆✌✆✖✜ ✙✆✌✢✎✄✒✆✖
✎☎✆✄✖ ✟✓ ✄ ✔✟✡✝ ✡ ✝✞✆ t ☎✝✛✔✛✆✓✆
✝ ■✌✖✟✄✳
❬✭✮✯✰✱✲✮ ✴✵✸✹ ✺✯✻✮✯✼✽✹✯✵
❑✯✹✯✱✾✿ ➅❚❀✲ ❁✻✿✽✻❂ ❃❄❅✲✿ ✸✴ ❋✸✯✻
P✯✮✲✵✿➆●
89

✷✳ ◆ ✏ ✡✟✌✖ ✄ ✝☎✄✙✆✍ ✎☎ ✠✞✛☎✆ ✄✎ ✛✝ ✄ ✂✍✄✠✆ ✚ ✛ ✞✄✙✆ ✙✟✓✟✝✆✖✳ ✤ ✒ ✄✝ ✝✞✆

✖✆✓✠☎✟✂✝✟ ✌ ✟✌ ✝✞✆ ✎☎ ✠✞✛☎✆✳ ❧✞✆✌ ✏☎✟✝✆ ✚ ✛☎ ✏✌ ✄✠✠ ✛✌✝✜ ✄✖✖✟✌✔ ✖✆✝✄✟✍✓
✡☎ ✁ ✚ ✛☎ ✏✌ ✆☛✂✆☎✟✆✌✠✆✜ ✝ ✔✟✙✆ ✝✞✆ ☎✆✄✖✆☎ ✄ ✂✟✠✝✛☎✆ ✡ ✝✞✆ ✂✍✄✠✆✜ ☎✄✝✞✆☎
✝✞✄✌ ✄✌ ✟✁✂✆☎✓ ✌✄✍✜ ✡✄✠✝✛✄✍ ✖✆✓✠☎✟✂✝✟ ✌✳

✶✳ ■✌ ✔☎ ✛✂✓✜ ✠ ✍✍✆✠✝ ✟✌✡ ☎✁✄✝✟ ✌ ✌ ✞ ✏ ✎✄✒✆☎✟✆✓ ✎✄✒✆ ✎☎✆✄✖ ✌ ✏ ✄✌✖ ✞ ✏ ✝✞✆ Glimpses of India
✂☎ ✠✆✓✓ ✞✄✓ ✠✞✄✌✔✆✖ ✙✆☎ ✝✟✁✆✳
✷✳ ❧✞✆☎✆ ✄☎✆ ✄ ✌✛✁✎✆☎ ✡ ✠☎✄✡✝✢✎✄✓✆✖ ✂☎ ✡✆✓✓✟ ✌✓ ✏✞✟✠✞ ✄☎✆ ✖✚✟✌✔ ✛✝✳ t✟✠✒ ✌✆
✡ ✝✞✆ ✠☎✄✡✝✓ ✎✆✍ ✏✳ ▼✄✒✆ ✄ ✔☎ ✛✂ ✂☎✆✓✆✌✝✄✝✟ ✌ ✝ ✝✞✆ ✠✍✄✓✓ ✄✎ ✛✝ ✝✞✆ ✓✒✟✍✍✓
☎✆r✛✟☎✆✖✜ ✄✌✖ ✝✞✆ ✂ ✓✓✟✎✍✆ ☎✆✄✓ ✌✓ ✡ ☎ ✝✞✆ ✖✆✠✍✟✌✆ ✡ ✝✞✆ ✠☎✄✡✝✳ ❈✄✌ ✚ ✛
✝✞✟✌✒ ✡ ✏✄✚✓ ✝ ☎✆✙✟✙✆ ✝✞✆✓✆ ✠☎✄✡✝✓✗
☞✟✑ t ✝✝✆☎✚ ☞✙✑ ❈✄☎✂✆✌✝☎✚
☞✟✟✑ ❇✄✝✟✒ ✏ ☎✒ ☞✙✟✑ ❇✄✁✎ ✏✆✄✙✟✌✔
☞✟✟✟✑ ❉✥✦✧✧★ ☞☎✛✔✑ ✏✆✄✙✟✌✔ ☞✙✟✟✑ ▼✄✒✟✌✔ ❥✛✝✆ ✂☎ ✖✛✠✝✓
☞✟✙✑ ❊✁✎☎ ✟✖✆☎✚ ☞✙✟✟✟✑ ❍✄✌✖✍ ✁
 ■■
❈ ✁✂
✄☎☎✆✝ ✞✟ ✠☎✡✡☛☛ ✠☎☞✌✍✆✎✏ ✡✑✒☎☞✟ ✡☎✆ ✞✍✟ ✆✑✞✌✡☎✆☛✟✍✟ ✑✌✓ ✟✔✞✠☛✟✕
▼✖✗✘❆❨ ✥✙✚✛✙✙✜ ▼✢✣✤✦✙ ❡✜✧ ✚★✙ ✩✤❡✣✚❡✪ ✚✤✛✜ ✤✫
▼❡✜✬❡✪✤✦✙ ✣✭✚✣ ❡ ✮✭✙✩✙ ✤✫ ★✙❡✯✙✜ ✚★❡✚ ✰✱✣✚ ★❡✯✙
✧✦✭✫✚✙✧ ✫✦✤✰ ✚★✙ t✭✜✬✧✤✰ ✤✫ ✬✤✧✲ ✳★✭✣ ✪❡✜✧ ✤✫ ✦✤✪✪✭✜✬ drifted from
★✭✪✪✣ ✭✣ ✭✜★❡✥✭✚✙✧ ✥✢ ❡ ✮✦✤✱✧ ✦❡✩✙ ✤✫ ✰❡✦✚✭❡✪ ✰✙✜♠ been carried along
✥✙❡✱✚✭✫✱✪ ✛✤✰✙✜ ❡✜✧ ✛✭✪✧ ✩✦✙❡✚✱✦✙✣✲ gently by air

✴✤✤✦✬♠ ✤✦ ✵✤✧❡✬✱♠ ✚★✙ ✣✰❡✪✪✙✣✚ ✧✭✣✚✦✭✩✚ ✤✫ martial

✵❡✦✜❡✚❡t❡♠ ✭✣ ★✤✰✙ ✚✤ ✙✯✙✦✬✦✙✙✜ ✦❡✭✜✫✤✦✙✣✚✣♠ ✣✮✭✩✙✣ having to do with

❡✜✧ ✩✤✫✫✙✙ ✮✪❡✜✚❡✚✭✤✜✣✲ ❛✯✙✦✬✦✙✙✜ ✦❡✭✜✫✤✦✙✣✚✣ ✩✤✯✙✦ war

✚★✭✦✚✢ ✮✙✦ ✩✙✜✚ ✤✫ ✚★✭✣ ✧✭✣✚✦✭✩✚✲ ✶✱✦✭✜✬ ✚★✙ ✰✤✜✣✤✤✜✣♠

✭✚ ✮✤✱✦✣ ✙✜✤✱✬★ ✚✤ t✙✙✮ ✰❡✜✢ ✯✭✣✭✚✤✦✣ ❡✛❡✢✲ ✳★✙
✣✙❡✣✤✜ ✤✫ s✤✢ ✩✤✰✰✙✜✩✙✣ ✫✦✤✰ ✷✙✮✚✙✰✥✙✦ ❡✜✧
✩✤✜✚✭✜✱✙✣ ✚✭✪✪ ▼❡✦✩★✲ ✳★✙ ✛✙❡✚★✙✦ ✭✣ ✮✙✦✫✙✩✚♠ ✛✭✚★
✣✤✰✙ ✣★✤✛✙✦✣ ✚★✦✤✛✜ ✭✜ ✫✤✦
First Flight

✬✤✤✧ ✰✙❡✣✱✦✙✲ ✳★✙ ❡✭✦

✥✦✙❡✚★✙✣ ✤✫ ✭✜✯✭✬✤✦❡✚✭✜✬ canopies
✩✤✫✫✙✙✲ ✴✤✫✫✙✙ ✙✣✚❡✚✙✣ ❡✜✧ roof-like coverings
✩✤✪✤✜✭❡✪ ✥✱✜✬❡✪✤✛✣ ✣✚❡✜✧ that form shelters
90 ✚✱✩t✙✧ ✱✜✧✙✦ ✚✦✙✙ ✩❡✜✤✮✭✙✣ prime
✭✜ ✮✦✭✰✙ ✩✤✦✜✙✦✣✲ here, best
✳★✙ ✫✭✙✦✩✙✪✢ ✭✜✧✙✮✙✜✧✙✜✚
✮✙✤✮✪✙ ✤✫ ✴✤✤✦✬ ❡✦✙ ✮✤✣✣✭✥✪✢
✤✫ ♦✦✙✙t ✤✦ ✸✦❡✥✭✩ ✧✙✣✩✙✜✚✲
✸✣ ✤✜✙ ✣✚✤✦✢ ✬✤✙✣♠ ❡ ✮❡✦✚ ✤✫
✸✪✙✹❡✜✧✙✦✺✣ ❡✦✰✢ ✰✤✯✙✧
✣✤✱✚★ ❡✪✤✜✬ ✚★✙ ✩✤❡✣✚ ❡✜✧
✣✙✚✚✪✙✧ ★✙✦✙ ✛★✙✜ ✦✙✚✱✦✜
✥✙✩❡✰✙ ✭✰✮✦❡✩✚✭✩❡✪✲ ✳★✙✣✙
✮✙✤✮✪✙ ✰❡✦✦✭✙✧ ❡✰✤✜✬✣✚ ✚★✙
✪✤✩❡✪✣ ❡✜✧ ✚★✙✭✦ ✩✱✪✚✱✦✙ ✭✣
❡✮✮❡✦✙✜✚ ✭✜ ✚★✙ ✰❡✦✚✭❡✪
✚✦❡✧✭✚✭✤✜✣♠ ✰❡✦✦✭❡✬✙ ❡✜✧
✦✙✪✭✬✭✤✱✣ ✦✭✚✙✣♠ ✛★✭✩★ ❡✦✙
✧✭✣✚✭✜✩✚ ✫✦✤✰ ✚★✙ ❞✭✜✧✱
✰❡✭✜✣✚✦✙❡✰✲ ✳★✙ ✚★✙✤✦✢ ✤✫ mainstream
✸✦❡✥ ✤✦✭✬✭✜ ✧✦❡✛✣ ✣✱✮✮✤✦✚ amost tradition which
❚✻✼✽✾✿✾❀❁✼❂ ❃❀❀✻❄✾ ✽✻❅❇❇ ✫✦✤✰ ✚★✙ ✪✤✜✬♠ ✥✪❡✩t ✩✤❡✚ people follow
✇ ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✠ ✡✆✟✆✡ ✇✄ ☛✁☞✞✆✌✁ ✇✠✟☎ ✞✍ ✁✂✆ ✎✠✡✄✏✑☛✒ tales of valour
✎☎✠✇☎ ✄☛ ❦✓✔✔✕✖✗ ✁ ✟✆☛✆✝✞✌✆☛ ✁✂✆ ❦✓✘✘✕✖ ✇✠✟☎ ✞✍
stories of courage
and bravery, usually
✁✂✆ t✟✄✞☛ ✄☎✡ ✁✂✆ ✎✑✟✡☛✒
in war
❈✠✠✟✙ ✂✠✝✆☛ ✂✄✏✆ ✄ ✁✟✄✡ ✁ ✠☎ ✠✚ ✂✠☛✛ ✁✄✌ ✁✍✜ ✄☎✡
most decorated
✁✂✆✍ ✄✟✆ ✝✠✟✆ ✁✂✄☎ ✇ ✌✌ ☎✙ ✁✠ ✟✆✢✠✑☎✁ ☎✑✝✆✟✠✑☛
having received the
✁✄✌✆☛ ✠✚ ✏✄✌✠✑✟ ✟✆✌✄✁✆✡ ✁✠ ✁✂✆ ✟ ☛✠☎☛ ✄☎✡ ✚✄✁✂✆✟☛✒ maximum number
❚✂✆ ❈✠✠✟✙ ✣✆✙ ✝✆☎✁ ☛ ✠☎✆ ✠✚ ✁✂✆ ✝✠☛✁ ✡✆✢✠✟✄✁✆✡ ☎ of awards for
✁✂✆ ✤☎✡ ✄☎ t✟✝✍✜ ✄☎✡ ✁✂✆ ✚ ✟☛✁ ❈✂ ✆✚ ✠✚ ✁✂✆ ✤☎✡ ✄☎ bravery in war
t✟✝✍✜ ❆✆☎✆✟✄✌ ❈✄✟ ✄✛✛✄✜ ✇✄☛ ✄ ❈✠✠✟✙ ✒ ✥✏✆☎ ☎✠✇✜ laidback
✎✠✡✄✏✑☛ ✄✟✆ ✁✂✆ ✠☎✌✍ ✛✆✠✛✌✆ ☎ ✤☎✡ ✄ ✛✆✟✝ ✁✁✆✡ ✁✠ relaxed; not in a hurry
✢✄✟✟✍ ✚ ✟✆✄✟✝☛ ✇ ✁✂✠✑✁ ✄ ✌ ✢✆☎✢✆✒
rafting
❚✂✆ ✟ ✏✆✟✜ ✎✄✏✆✟ ✜ ✠✞✁✄ ☎☛ ✁☛ ✇✄✁✆✟ ✚✟✠✝ ✁✂✆ ✂ ✌✌☛ travelling in a river
✄☎✡ ✚✠✟✆☛✁☛ ✠✚ ❈✠✠✟✙✒ ❛✄✂✄☛✆✆✟ ✦ ✄ ✌✄✟✙✆ ✚✟✆☛✂✇✄✁✆✟ in a raft ( a floating
✚ ☛✂ ✦ ✄✞✠✑☎✡ ☎ ✁✂✆☛✆ ✇✄✁✆✟☛✒ ✎ ☎✙✚ ☛✂✆✟☛ ✡ ✏✆ ✚✠✟ platform made by
tying planks
✁✂ ✆ ✟ ✢ ✄✁✢✂ ✜ ✇ ✂ ✌ ✆ ☛ ✧✑ ✟ ✟✆✌☛ ✄☎ ✡ ✌ ✄☎ ✙✑ ✟☛ ✡ ✟ ✠✛
together)
✛✄✟✁ ✄✌✌✍ ✆✄✁✆☎ ✚✟✑ ✁ ✚✠✟ ✁✂✆ ✝ ☛✢✂ ✆✚ ✠✚ ✆☎♣✠✍ ☎✙ ✁✂✆

☛✛✌✄☛✂ ✄☎✡ ✁✂ ✆ ✟ ✛✛✌ ✆ ✆✚ ✚✆✢✁ ☎ ✁✂ ✆ ✢✌✆✄✟ ✇✄✁✆✟✒

canoeing
travelling in a river
✥✌✆✛✂✄☎✁☛ ✆☎♣✠✍ ✞✆ ☎✙ ✞✄✁✂✆✡ ✄☎✡ ☛✢✟✑✞✞✆✡ ☎ ✁✂✆
in a canoe (a large,
✟ ✏✆✟ ✞✍ ✁✂✆ ✟ ✝✄✂✠✑✁☛✒ narrow boat)
❚✂✆ ✝✠☛✁ ✌✄ ✡✞✄✢★ ☎✡ ✏ ✡✑✄✌☛ ✞✆✢✠✝✆ ✢✠☎✏✆✟✁☛
rappelling
✁✠ ✁✂✆ ✌ ✚✆ ✠✚ ✂ ✙✂☞✆☎✆✟✙✍ ✄✡✏✆☎✁✑✟✆ ✇ ✁✂ ✟ ✏✆✟ ✟✄✚✁ ☎✙✜ going down a cliff by 91
✢✄☎✠✆ ☎✙✜ ✟✄✛✛✆✌✌ ☎✙✜ ✟✠✢★ ✢✌ ✝✞ ☎✙ ✄☎✡ ✝✠✑☎✁✄ ☎ sliding down a rope

Glimpses of India

❇✩✪✫✬✭✮✪✬✯✯✬✰ ✱✰✲✳ ✴✲✲✰✵

 ❜ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✠✡✝☛ ☞✌✍✁ ✂✄ ✎✠✌ ✍☛ ✂ ✎✐ ☛ ✠✟✄ ✡✂ ✌✠✟ trails
✌ ❛✌✏✡✝✠ ✎✟ ☞ ✎✐ ✎✠✟✁✁✟✠☛☎
paths created by
walking
❇ ✠✑☛✒ ❜✟✟☛ ✌✂✑ ❜✝✎✎✟✠❛✍ ✟☛ ✌✠✟ ✎✐✟✠✟ ✎✡ ✄ ✏✟ ✓✡✝
❝✡✞✔✌✂✓☎ ✕✌❝✌✖✝✟☛✒ ✕✌✍✌❜✌✠ ☛✖✝ ✠✠✟✍☛✒ ✍✌✂✄✝✠☛ ✌✂✑

☛✍✟✂✑✟✠ ✍✡✠ ☛ ✁✟✟✔ ✌ ☞✌✎❝✐❛✝✍ ✟✓✟ ❛✠✡✞ ✎✐✟ ✎✠✟✟ ❝✌✂✡✔✓☎

■ ✑✡✒ ✐✡☞✟✏✟✠✒ ✔✠✟❛✟✠ ✎✡ ☛✎✟✔ ✌☛ ✑✟ ❛✡✠ ☞ ✍✑ ✟✍✟✔✐✌✂✎☛☎

❚✐✟ ❝✍ ✞❜ ✎✡ ✎✐✟ ❇✠✌✐✞✌✄ ✠ ✐ ✍✍☛ ❜✠ ✂✄☛ ✓✡✝

✂✎✡ ✌ ✔✌✂✡✠✌✞ ❝ ✏ ✟☞ ✡❛ ✎✐✟ ✟✂✎ ✠✟ ✞ ☛✎✓ ✍✌✂✑☛❝✌✔✟ panoramic view

✡❛ ♦✡✡✠✄☎ ✗ ☞✌✍✁ ✌❝✠✡☛☛ ✎✐✟ ✠✡✔✟ ❜✠ ✑✄✟ ✍✟✌✑☛ ✎✡ ✎✐✟ a view of a wide
area of land
☛ s✎✓✘❛✡✝✠ ✘✌❝✠✟ ☛✍✌✂✑ ✡❛ ✆ ☛✌✠✄✌✑✐✌✞✌☎ ❡✝✂✂ ✂✄
✂✎✡ ❇✝✑✑✐ ☛✎ ✞✡✂✁☛ ❛✠✡✞ ■✂✑ ✌✙☛ ✍✌✠✄✟☛✎ ❚ ❜✟✎✌✂

☛✟✎✎✍✟✞✟✂✎✒ ✌✎ ✂✟✌✠❜✓ ❇✓✍✌✁✝✔✔✟✒ ☛ ✌ ❜✡✂✝☛☎ ❚✐✟

✞✡✂✁☛✒ ✂ ✠✟✑✒ ✡❝✐✠✟ ✌✂✑ ✓✟✍✍✡☞ ✠✡❜✟☛✒ ✌✠✟ ✌✞✡✂✄☛✎

✎✐✟ ✞✌✂✓ ☛✝✠✔✠ ☛✟☛ ✎✐✌✎ ☞✌ ✎ ✎✡ ❜✟ ✑ ☛❝✡✏✟✠✟✑ ❜✓

✏ ☛ ✎✡✠☛ ☛✟✌✠❝✐ ✂✄ ❛✡✠ ✎✐✟ ✐✟✌✠✎ ✌✂✑ ☛✡✝✍ ✡❛ ■✂✑ ✌✒

✠ ✄✐✎ ✐✟✠✟ ✂ ♦✡✡✠✄☎

First Flight

❋✿❀❁ ❋❂❃❄

❍❅❆ ❈❅ ❉❊●❏❑

▼▲◆❖P◗❘❖❙ ❯❱◗ ◆❖❳❯❘❖❨❯ ❱◗▲◆❩❬▲❘❯◗❘❳❙ ❖❳ ❯❱◗ ❭❪❫❴ ❵▲❯◗❞▲❴ ❯❭ ❢❭❭❘❵❣ ❤❱◗ ❥❖❳❯❴
❱❖❫❫❳❙ ❫❬❳❱ ❦❭❘◗❳❯❳ ▲❪◆ ❨❭❦❦◗◗ ❧❫▲❪❯▲❯❖❭❪❳ ❞❖❫❫ ❨▲❳❯ ▲ ❳❧◗❫❫ ❭❪ ❴❭❬❣ ♠❖❪◆ ▲
❘◗❳❭❘❯❙ ❨❭❦❦◗◗ ◗❳❯▲❯◗ ❭❘ ❳❯▲❴ ❖❪ ▲ ❱❭❥◗ ❦❭❘ ▲ ❯❘❬❫❴ ❢❭❭❘❵❖ ◗r❧◗❘❖◗❪❨◗❣
92
♥♣ qt✉✈ ❤❱◗ ❪◗▲❘◗❳❯ ▲❖❘❧❭❘❯❳ ▲❘◗ ▼▲❪❵▲❫❭❘◗ ✇①②③ P❥④ ▲❪◆ ⑤▲❪❵▲❫❭❘◗ ✇⑥⑦⑧
P❥④❣ ❤❱◗❘◗ ▲❘◗ ❦❫❖❵❱❯❳ ❯❭ ▼▲❪❵▲❫❭❘◗ ❦❘❭❥ ▼❬❥⑨▲❖❙ ▲❪◆ ❯❭ ⑤▲❪❵▲❫❭❘◗ ❦❘❭❥
⑩❱❥◗◆▲⑨▲◆❙ ❢❱◗❪❪▲❖❙ ❶◗❫❱❖❙ ❷❭▲❙ ❸❴◆◗❘▲⑨▲◆❙ ❹❭❨❱❖❙ ❹❭❫P▲❯▲❙ ▼❬❥⑨▲❖ ▲❪◆
❺❬❪◗❣

♥♣ ❻❼t❽✈ ❤❱◗ ❪◗▲❘◗❳❯ ❘▲❖❫❱◗▲◆❳ ▲❘◗ ▲❯ ▼❴❳❭❘◗❙ ▼▲❪❵▲❫❭❘◗ ▲❪◆ ❸▲❳❳▲❪❣

♥♣ ❻❾❼❿✈ ❤❱◗❘◗ ▲❘◗ ❯❞❭ ❘❭❬❯◗❳ ❯❭ ❢❭❭❘❵ ❦❘❭❥ ⑤▲❪❵▲❫❭❘◗❣ ⑤❭❯❱ ▲❘◗ ▲❫❥❭❳❯
❯❱◗ ❳▲❥◗ ◆❖❳❯▲❪❨◗ ✇▲❘❭❬❪◆ ⑥③⑧➀⑥⑦⑧ P❥④❣ ❤❱◗ ❘❭❬❯◗ ➁❖▲ ▼❴❳❭❘◗ ❖❳ ❯❱◗ ❥❭❳❯
❦ ❘◗❩ ❬◗ ❪ ❯◗ ◆ ❭❪ ◗ ❣ ❤❱◗ ❭ ❯❱◗ ❘ ❘ ❭❬ ❯◗ ❖❳ ➁❖ ▲ ➂ ◗ ◗❫ ▲ ❥ ▲❪❵ ▲❫ ❙ ❹❬ ❪❖ ❵ ▲❫ ❙
❢❱▲❪❘▲❴▲❪▲❧▲❯❪▲❣

✶✳ ❲✚✛✜✛ ✢✣ ✤✥✥✜✦✧

✷✳ ❲✚★✩ ✢✣ ✩✚✛ ✣✩✥✜✪ ★✫✥✬✩ ✩✚✛ ✭✥✮★✯✬ ✰✛✥✰✱✛✲✣ ✮✛✣✴✛✵✩✧

✸✳ ❲✚★✩ ★✜✛ ✣✥✹✛ ✥✺ ✩✚✛ ✩✚✢✵✦✣ ✪✥✬ ✵✥✻ ✼✵✥✻ ★✫✥✬✩

✽✢✾ ✩✚✛ ✰✛✥✰✱✛ ✥✺ ✤✥✥✜✦✧

✽✢✢✾ ✩✚✛ ✹★✢✵ ✴✜✥✰ ✥✺ ✤✥✥✜✦✧

✽✢✢✢✾ ✩✚✛ ✣✰✥✜✩✣ ✢✩ ✥✺✺✛✜✣ ✩✥ ✩✥✬✜✢✣✩✣✧

 ✭ ✁✂ t✄☎ ✆✝ ✞✆✟✠ ✡☛☞ ✆✌☎ ✟ ✍☎✟✡ t☛ ✠☎☎ ✝ ✎☛☛✌✏✑

✭✁✂ t✠ ✐ ✠t✆✝✒☎ ✓✌☛✞ ✔✆✝✏✆✟☛✌☎✕ ✆✝✐ ✄☛✖ t☛ ✏☎t t✄☎✌☎✑

✹✗ ❍☎✌☎ ✆✌☎ ✠ ✘ ✠☎✝t☎✝✒☎✠ ✖ t✄ ✠☛✞☎ ✖☛✌✐✠ ✝ t✆✟ ✒✠✗ ✙ ✝✐ ✚✄✌✆✠☎✠ ✓✌☛✞ t✄☎
t☎✘t t✄✆t ✄✆✁☎ t✄☎ ✠✆✞☎ ✞☎✆✝ ✝✏✗ ✭✛☛☛✍ ✝ t✄☎ ✚✆✌✆✏✌✆✚✄✠ ✝✐ ✒✆t☎✐✂

✭ ✂ ❉☞✌ ✝✏ ✞☛✝✠☛☛✝✠ t ✌✆ ✝✠ ✠☛ ✄☎✆✁ ✟✡ ✜✢✣✜ ✜✤✥✦✧★✜★ ✩✤ ✪✤✜ ✫✧★✧✜ ✬✤✤✦✮✗ ✭✚✆✌✆ ✳✂

✭ ✂ ❙✤✯✰ ✱✰✤✱✲✰ ★✣✴ ✜✢✣✜ ✵✟☎✘✆✝✐☎✌✶✠ ✆✌✞✡ ✞☛✁☎✐ ✠☛☞t✄ ✆✟☛✝✏ t✄☎ ✒☛✆✠t
✆✝✐ ✠☎tt✟☎✐ t✄☎✌☎✗ ✭✚✆✌✆ ❛✂

✭ ✂ ❚✄☎ ✎☛☛✌✏ ✚☎☛✚✟☎ ✣✦✰ ✣✲✷✣✴★ ✦✰✣✩✴ ✜✤ ✜✰✲✲ ✠t☛✌ ☎✠ ☛✓ t✄☎ ✌ ✠☛✝✠✶ ✆✝✐ ✓✆t✄☎✌✠✶
✁✆✟☛☞✌✗ ✭✚✆✌✆ ✹✂

✭ ✁✂ ❊✫✰✪ ✱✰✤✱✲✰ ✷✢✤ ✪✤✦✯✣✲✲✴ ✲✰✣✩ ✣✪ ✰✣★✴ ✣✪✩ ★✲✤✷ ✲✧✸✰ ✮✰✜ ★✯✧✜✜✰✪ ✺✴ t✄☎
✄ ✏✄❤☎✝☎✌✏✡ ✆✐✁☎✝t☞✌☎ ✠✚☛✌t✠ ☛✓ ✎☛☛✌✏✗ ✭✚✆✌✆ ✻✂

✭✁✂ ❚ ✄☎ t ✄☎☛ ✌✡ ☛ ✓ t ✄☎ ✵✌✆ ✼ ☛ ✌ ✏ ✝ ✧★ ★✥ ✱✱✤✦✜✰✩ ✺✴ t✄☎ ✟☛✝✏ ✒☛✆ t ✖ t ✄

☎✞✼✌☛ ✐☎✌☎✐ ✖✆ ✠t❤✼☎✟t t✄☎✡ ✖☎✆✌✗ ✭✚✆✌✆ ❛✂

✭✁ ✂ ▼✆✒✆✽☞☎✠✕ ▼✆✟✆✼✆✌ ✠✽☞ ✌✌☎✟✠ ✤✺★✰✦✫✰ ✴✤✥ ♦✣✦✰✸✥✲✲✴ ✓✌☛✞ t✄☎ t✌☎☎ ✒✆✝☛✚✡✗
✭✚✆✌✆ ✾✂

❈✿❀❀✿❁❂❃❄✿❅❆

✎☎✌t✆ ✝ ✖☛✌✐✠ ❇✏☛ t☛✏☎t✄☎✌✶✗ ❋☞✒✄ ❇✖☛✌✐ ✓✌ ☎✝✐✠✶ ✆✌☎ ✒✆✟✟☎✐ ❝●■■●❝❏❑▲●◆❖✗ ❚✄☎

✒☛✟✟☛✒✆t ☛✝ ☛✓ ✆ ✖☛✌✐ ✠ ❇t✄☎ ✒☛✞✚✆✝✡ t ✍☎☎✚✠✶✗

93
✙☛✌ ☎✘✆✞✚✟☎✕ ✟☛☛✍ ✆t t✄☎ ✚✆ ✌☎✐ ✠☎✝t☎✝✒☎✠ ✆✝✐ ✚✄✌✆✠☎✠ ✼☎✟☛✖✗ P✄ ✒✄ ✠ ✆ ✒☛✞✞☛✝
✒☛✟✟☛✒✆t ☛✝✕ ✆✝✐ ✖✄ ✒✄ ☛✝☎ ✠ ☛✐✐✑ ❋t✌ ✍☎ ☛☞t t✄☎ ☛✐✐ ✠☎✝t☎✝✒☎ ☛✌ ✚✄✌✆✠☎✗

✭✆✂ ⑩ ❇❍☛✖ ☛✟✐ ✆✌☎ ✡☛☞✑✶ ✭✼✂ ⑩ ✆ ✚✟☎✆✠✆✝t ✚☎✌✠☛✝

⑩ ❇❍☛✖ ✡☛☞✝✏ ✆✌☎ ✡☛☞✑✶ ⑩ ✆ ✚✟☎✆✠✆✝t ✚ ✟✟☛✖

◗✗ ❘❯❱❯ ❂❱❯ ❆✿❲❯ ❅✿❳❅❆ ❨❱✿❲ ❃❩❯ ❃❯❬❃❭

Glimpses of India
✒☞✟t☞✌☎ ✞☛✝✍ ✠ ✠☞✌✚✌ ✠☎ ☎✘✚☎✌ ☎✝✒☎ ✖☎✆t✄☎✌ t✌✆ ✐ t ☛✝

❪✿❱❫ ❴❄❃❩ ❂ ❵❂❱❃❅❯❱ ❂❅❜ ❜❄❆❁❳❆❆ ❴❩❄❁❩ ✿❨ ❃❩❯ ❅✿❳❅❆ ❁❂❅ ❁✿❀❀✿❁❂❃❯ ❴❄❃❩
❴❩❄❁❩ ✿❨ ❃❩❯ ❂❜✇❯❁❃❄❞❯❆ ❡❄❞❯❅ ❢❯❀✿❴❭ ❣❩❯ ❨❄❱❆❃ ✿❅❯ ❩❂❆ ❢❯❯❅ ❜✿❅❯ ❨✿❱ ❥✿❳❭

☞✝ ✽☞☎ t☎✌✌ ✼✟☎ ☞✝✓☛✌✏☎tt✆✼✟☎ ✠☎✌ ☛☞✠ ✆✝✒ ☎✝t ✖ ✐☎ ✠☞✐✐☎✝

✭ ✂ ✒☞✟t☞✌☎❦ ☞✝ ✽☞☎ ✒☞✟t☞✌☎✕ ✆✝✒ ☎✝t ✒☞✟t☞✌☎

✭ ✂ ✞☛✝✍✠❦

✭ ✂ ✠☞✌✚✌ ✠☎❦

✭ ✁✂ ☎✘✚☎✌ ☎✝✒☎❦

✭✁✂ ✖☎✆t✄☎✌❦

✭✁ ✂ t✌✆✐ t ☛✝
 ✷ ❈✁✂✄☎✆✝✆ ✝✞✆ ✟✁☎☎✁✠✡☛☞ ✄✞✌✍✎✆✎ ✟✌✁✂ ✝✞✆ ✝✆✏✝✑ ✒✁✌ ✆✍✓✞ ✄✞✌✍✎✆✔ ✓✍☛ ✕✁✖
✟✡☛❢ ✍✝ ☎✆✍✎✝ ✁☛✆ ✁✝✞✆✌ ✠✁✌❢ ✝✞✍✝ ✠✁✖☎❢ ✟✡✝ ✡☛✝✁ ✝✞✆ ✗☎✍☛✘✙

✭✐✮ t✚✛✜✢ ✣✤ ✭✐✐✮ ❝✣✚✢t✚✛

✭✐✐✐✮ ✚ ♣✐✜❝✜ ✣✤ ✭✐✥✮ ✜✥✜❡✦❡✜✜✧

✭ ✥✮ ♣✛✚✧t✚t✐✣✧✢ ✭✥✐✮ ★❡✐✩✦✜

✭✥✐✐✮ ✇✐✛✩

❨✁✖ ✂✍✕ ✍❢❢ ✕✁✖✌ ✁✠☛ ✆✏✍✂✄☎✆✎ ✝✁ ✝✞✡✎ ☎✡✎✝✑

■■■

❚✪✫ ✬✯♦✰ ✱✲✲✫✰

P✳✴✵✶✸✹✺ ✴ ✻✸✼✵✽✾✿❀✳ ❁✳✸❂ ❃✾✾✴❂✺ ❄✾ ❅✴✶❆❄✳❇✾ ❉✹✴✾✾❂✴✿❀ ✴✿ ✾❉❊✸✸✹

❄✵ ❋❀✹❊❄● P✳✴✵✶✸✹❇✾ ❁✴✿❊❀✳ ❄✾ ✿❊❀ ❂✴✵✴✽❀✳ ✸❁ ✴ ✿❀✴❍✽✴✳❏❀✵ ❄✵ ❑▲▲❀✳
First Flight

❃✾✾✴❂ ✴✵❏ P✳✴✵✶✸✹ ❊✴✾ ❄✵❆❄✿❀❏ ❅✴✶❆❄✳ ✿✸ ❆❄✾❄✿ ❊❄✾ ❊✸❂❀ ❏✼✳❄✵✽ ✿❊❀
✾✼❂❂❀✳ ❆✴❉✴✿❄✸✵●

➇▼◆❖◗❘❙❖❯❖❱❲❲❲ ❳❩❬❩❭❘❪❫❩❴❵❛ ❜ ❞❣❤❥❦❧ ♠❜♥♥❣❥ ❦qr s❤ ❜

✉s✈✉①②sr♠✉❣❥ ❞❦s♠❣③

④❣ ♠❜⑤❣ q② r❦ r✉❣s❧ ⑥s❤❥❦⑥ ❜❤❥ ❜⑦⑧❣❥❵➈▼❫❩❴⑨ ⑦❜⑩❜❶❷❛

94
➇❸s❞❣ q⑦ r⑥❦ ♠q②⑦❵❛ ❹❧❜❤❺❦♥ ⑦❜s❥③

❻✉❣ ❼ ⑦s②②❣ ❥ r✉❣ ⑦ r❣ ❜⑤s ❤✈ ✉❦r ♥s ❽qs❥③ ❾♥⑤ ❦⑦ r

❣❞❣❧❼❦❤❣ s❤ r✉❣s❧ ♠❦⑤②❜❧r⑤❣❤r ⑥❜⑦ ❥❧s❤⑧s❤✈ r❣❜ r❦❦③

➇❿❦ ❼❦q ⑧❤❦⑥ r✉❜r ❦❞❣❧ ❣s✈✉r❼ ♠❧❦❧❣ ♠q②⑦ ❦➀ r❣❜

❜❧❣ ❥❧q❤⑧ ❣❞❣❧❼ ❥❜❼ r✉❧❦q✈✉❦qr r✉❣ ⑥❦❧♥❥❷❛ ➁❜❺❞s❧ ⑦❜s❥③

➇➂✉❣⑥➃❛ ❣➄♠ ♥❜s⑤❣❥ ❹❧❜❤❺❦♥③ ➇❻❣❜ ❧❣❜♥♥❼ s⑦ ❞❣❧❼

②❦②q♥❜❧③❛

❻✉❣ r❧❜s❤ ②q♥♥❣❥ ❦qr ❦➀ r✉❣ ⑦r❜rs❦❤③ ❹❧❜❤❺❦♥ ❶q❧s❣❥

✉s⑦ ❤❦⑦❣ s❤ ✉s⑦ ❥❣r❣♠rs❞❣ ❶❦❦⑧ ❜✈❜s❤③ ➁❜❺❞s❧ r❦❦ ⑥❜⑦

❜❤ ❜❧❥❣❤r ➀❜❤ ❦➀ ❥❣r❣♠rs❞❣ ⑦r❦❧s❣⑦❵ ❶qr ❜r r✉❣ ⑤❦⑤❣❤r

✉❣ ⑥❜⑦ ⑧❣❣❤❣❧ ❦❤ ♥❦❦⑧s❤✈ ❜r r✉❣ ❶❣❜qrs➀q♥ ⑦♠❣❤❣❧❼③

➅r ⑥❜⑦ ✈❧❣❣❤❵ ✈❧❣❣❤ ❣❞❣❧❼⑥✉❣❧❣③ ➁❜❺❞s❧ ✉❜❥ ❤❣❞❣❧

⑦❣❣❤ ⑦❦ ⑤q♠✉ ✈❧❣❣❤❣❧❼ ❶❣➀❦❧❣③ ❻✉❣❤ r✉❣ ⑦❦➀r ✈❧❣❣❤

②❜❥❥❼ ➀s❣♥❥⑦ ✈❜❞❣ ⑥❜❼ r❦ r❣❜ ❶q⑦✉❣⑦③

➅r ⑥❜⑦ ❜ ⑤❜✈❤s➀s♠❣❤r ❞s❣⑥③ ❾✈❜s❤⑦r r✉❣ ❶❜♠⑧❥❧❦②

❦➀ ❥❣❤⑦❣♥❼ ⑥❦❦❥❣❥ ✉s♥♥⑦ ❜ ⑦❣❜ ❦➀ r❣❜ ❶q⑦✉❣⑦ ⑦r❧❣r♠✉❣❥

❜⑦ ➀❜❧ ❜⑦ r✉❣ ❣❼❣ ♠❦q♥❥ ⑦❣❣③ ❿⑥❜❧➀s❤✈ r✉❣ rs❤❼ r❣❜

②♥❜❤r⑦ ⑥❣❧❣ r❜♥♥ ⑦rq❧❥❼ ⑦✉❜❥❣①r❧❣❣⑦ ❜❤❥ ❜⑤s❥⑦r r✉❣

❦❧❥❣❧♥❼ ❧❦⑥⑦ ❦➀ ❶q⑦✉❣⑦ ❶q⑦s♥❼ ⑤❦❞❣❥ ❥❦♥♥①♥s⑧❣ ➀s✈q❧❣⑦③

■ ✁✂✄ ☎✆✝✁✞ ✟✄ ✠✞✝ ✞ ✡☛☞✌ ✍✡✆☞☎✆ ☛ ✠✆✁✂ ✝✎✏✑✄
✍✆☞☞✏✠✆ ☛ ✏✡✁ ✏❜ ✁✞☞☞ ✟✂✆✎ ✄✌✝✒
➇✓✄✌✔ ✞ ✁✄✞ ☛✞✕☎✄ ✖✗ ✘✞✙✚✆✕ ✟✕✆✄☎ ✄✛✟✆✁✄☎☞✌✒
P✕✞ ✙✏☞✔ ✠✂✏ ✂✞☎ ✍✄✄ ✍✏✕ ✞ ☎ ✍✕✏✡☛✂✁ ✡✜ ✏
✞ ✜☞✞ ✁✞✁✆✏ ✔ ☎✆☎ ❛✁ ✝✂✞✕✄ ✘✞✙✚✆✕❛✝ ✄✛✟✆✁✄✎✄ ✁✒
➇✢✂✔ ✁✂✆✝ ✆✝ ✁✄✞ ✟✏✡ ✁✕✌ ✏✠✔✗ ✂✄ ✝✞✆☎✒ ➇❝✝✝✞✎ ✂✞✝
✁✂✄ ☞✞✕☛✄✝✁ ✟✏ ✟✄ ✁✕✞✁✆✏ ✏❜ ✜☞✞ ✁✞✁✆✏ ✝ ✆ ✁✂✄ ✠✏✕☞☎✒
❨✏✡ ✠✆☞☞ ✝✄✄ ✄ ✏✡☛✂ ☛✞✕☎✄ ✝ ✁✏ ☞✞✝✁ ✌✏✡ ✞ ☞✆❜✄✁✆✎✄✖✗
➇■ ✂✞✚✄ ✍✄✄ ✕✄✞☎✆ ☛ ✞✝ ✎✡✟✂ ✞✝ ■ ✟✏✡☞☎ ✞✍✏✡✁
✁✄✞✔✗ ✘✞✙✚✆✕ ✝✞✆☎✒ ➇t✏ ✏ ✄ ✕✄✞☞☞✌ ✑ ✏✠✝ ✠✂✏
☎✆✝✟✏✚✄✕✄☎ ✁✄✞ ✍✡✁ ✁✂✄✕✄ ✞✕✄ ✎✞ ✌ ☞✄☛✄ ☎✝✒✗
➇✣✂✞✁ ☞✄☛✄ ☎✝✤✗
➇✣✄☞☞✔ ✁✂✄✕✄❛✝ ✁✂✄ ✏ ✄ ✞✍✏✡✁ ✁✂✄ ❡✂✆ ✄✝✄ ✄✎✜✄✕✏✕
✠✂✏ ✞☞✠✞✌✝ ✍✏✆☞✄☎ ✠✞✁✄✕ ✍✄❜✏✕✄ ☎✕✆ ✑✆ ☛ ✆✁✒ ✢ ✄
☎✞✌ ✞ ❜✄✠ ☞✄✞✚✄✝ ✏❜ ✁✂✄ ✁✠✆☛✝ ✍✡✕ ✆ ☛ ✡ ☎✄✕ ✁✂✄ ✜✏✁
❜✄☞☞ ✆ ✁✏ ✁✂✄ ✠✞✁✄✕ ☛✆✚✆ ☛ ✆✁ ✞ ☎✄☞✆✟✆✏✡✝ ❜☞✞✚✏✡✕✒ ■✁ ✆✝
✝✞✆☎ ✁✂✄✌ ✠✄✕✄ ✁✄✞ ☞✄✞✚✄✝✒✗
➇✥✄☞☞ ✎✄ ✞ ✏✁✂✄✕✖✗ ✝✟✏❜❜✄☎ P✕✞ ✙✏☞✒
➇✣✄ ✂✞✚✄ ✞ ■ ☎✆✞ ☞✄☛✄ ☎ ✁✏✏✒ ✦✏☎✂✆☎✂✞✕✎✞✔ ✞
✞ ✟✆✄ ✁ ✦✡☎☎✂✆✝✁ ✞✝✟✄✁✆✟✔ ✟✡✁ ✏❜❜ ✂✆✝ ✄✌✄☞✆☎✝ ✍✄✟✞✡✝✄
✂✄ ❜✄☞✁ ✝☞✄✄✜✌ ☎✡✕✆ ☛ ✎✄☎✆✁✞✁✆✏ ✝✒ ✥✄ ✁✄✞ ✜☞✞ ✁✝
☛✕✄✠ ✏✡✁ ✏❜ ✁✂✄ ✄✌✄☞✆☎✝✒ ✥✂✄ ☞✄✞✚✄✝ ✏❜ ✁✂✄✝✄ ✜☞✞ ✁✝ 95
✠✂✄ ✜✡✁ ✆ ✂✏✁ ✠✞✁✄✕ ✞ ☎ ☎✕✡ ✑ ✍✞ ✆✝✂✄☎ ✝☞✄✄✜✒
➇✥✄✞ ✠✞✝ ❜✆✕✝✁ ☎✕✡ ✑ ✆ ❡✂✆ ✞✔✗ ✘✞✙✚✆✕ ✞☎☎✄☎✔
➇✞✝ ❜✞✕ ✍✞✟✑ ✞✝ ✧★✩✩ ✦✒❡✒✖ ■ ❜✞✟✁ ✠✏✕☎✝ ✝✡✟✂ ✞✝
✁✄✞✔ ➅✪✫✬✭✮ ✞ ☎ ➅✪✫✭✯✭✮ ✞✕✄ ❜✕✏✎ ❡✂✆ ✄✝✄✒ ✥✄✞ ✟✞✎✄ ✁✏
❊✡✕✏✜✄ ✏ ☞✌ ✆ ✁✂✄ ✝✆✛✁✄✄ ✁✂ ✟✄ ✁✡✕✌ ✞ ☎ ✠✞✝ ☎✕✡ ✑
✎✏✕✄ ✞✝ ✎✄☎✆✟✆ ✄ ✁✂✞ ✞✝ ✍✄✚✄✕✞☛✄✒✗

Glimpses of India
✥✂✄ ✁✕✞✆ ✟☞✞✁✁✄✕✄☎ ✆ ✁✏ ❚✞✕✆✞ ✆ ✙✡ ✟✁✆✏ ✒ ✥✂✄
✍✏✌✝ ✟✏☞☞✄✟✁✄☎ ✁✂✄✆✕ ☞✡☛☛✞☛✄ ✞ ☎ ✜✡✝✂✄☎ ✁✂✄✆✕ ✠✞✌
✁✏ ✁✂✄ ✟✕✏✠☎✄☎ ✜☞✞✁❜✏✕✎✒
P✕✞ ✙✏☞❛✝ ✜✞✕✄ ✁✝ ✠✄✕✄ ✠✞✆✁✆ ☛ ❜✏✕ ✁✂✄✎✒
❙✏✏ ✁✂✄✌ ✠✄✕✄ ☎✕✆✚✆ ☛ ✁✏✠✞✕☎✝ ✰✂✄✑✆✞✍✞✕✆✔ ✁✂✄
✁✄✞✱☛✞✕☎✄ ✎✞ ✞☛✄☎ ✍✌ P✕✞ ✙✏☞❛✝ ❜✞✁✂✄✕✒
❝ ✂✏✡✕ ☞✞✁✄✕ ✁✂✄ ✟✞✕ ✚✄✄✕✄☎ ✝✂✞✕✜☞✌ ✏❜❜ ✁✂✄ ✎✞✆
✕✏✞☎✒ ✥✂✄✌ ✟✕✏✝✝✄☎ ✞ ✟✞✁✁☞✄✱✍✕✆☎☛✄ ✞ ☎ ✄ ✁✄✕✄☎
✰✂✄✑✆✞✍✞✕✆ ✥✄✞ ❊✝✁✞✁✄✒
✢ ✍✏✁✂ ✝✆☎✄✝ ✏❜ ✁✂✄ ☛✕✞✚✄☞✱✕✏✞☎ ✠✄✕✄ ✞✟✕✄ ✡✜✏
✞✟✕✄ ✏❜ ✁✄✞ ✍✡✝✂✄✝✔ ✞☞☞ ✄✞✁☞✌ ✜✕✡ ✄☎ ✁✏ ✁✂✄ ✝✞✎✄
✂✄✆☛✂✁✒ ❤✕✏✡✜✝ ✏❜ ✁✄✞✱✜☞✡✟✑✄✕✝✔ ✠✆✁✂ ✍✞✎✍✏✏ ✍✞✝✑✄✁✝
✏ ✁✂✄✆✕ ✍✞✟✑✝✔ ✠✄✞✕✆ ☛ ✜☞✞✝✁✆✟ ✞✜✕✏ ✝✔ ✠✄✕✄
✜☞✡✟✑✆ ☛ ✁✂✄ ✄✠☞✌ ✝✜✕✏✡✁✄☎ ☞✄✞✚✄✝✒
 P❋❍❏❑❖◗❚❱ ❲❍❳❨❩❋ ❱◗❖❬❩❭ ❭❖❬❏ ❳❖ ❍◗◗❖❬ ❍ ❳❋❍❪❳❖❋❫
❴❵◗◗❛❏❜ ❍ ❳❋❍❛◗❩❋❝◗❖❍❭ ❖❲ ❳❩❍ ◗❩❍❢❩❱❫ ❳❖ ❴❍❱❱❤
➇✐❨❛❱ ❛❱ ❳❨❩ ❱❩❪❖❏❭❝❲◗❵❱❨ ❖❋ ❱❴❋❖❵❳❛❏❜ ❴❩❋❛❖❭❫
❛❱❏❚❳ ❛❳❫ ❥❋ ❦❍❋❵❍❧♠ ♥❍❑❢❛❋ ❍❱q❩❭❤ ➇r❳ ◗❍❱❳❱ ❲❋❖s ❥❍t
❳❖ ✇❵◗t ❍❏❭ t❛❩◗❭❱ ❳❨❩ ①❩❱❳ ❳❩❍❤♠
➇②❖❵ ❱❩❩s ❳❖ ❨❍❢❩ ❭❖❏❩ t❖❵❋ ❨❖s❩❬❖❋q ①❩❲❖❋❩
❪❖s❛❏❜❫♠ P❋❍❏❑❖◗❚❱ ❲❍❳❨❩❋ ❱❍❛❭ ❛❏ ❱❵❋❴❋❛❱❩❤
➇②❩❱❫ ❥❋ ❦❍❋❵❍❫♠ ♥❍❑❢❛❋ ❍❭s❛❳❳❩❭❤ ➇❦❵❳ r ❨❖❴❩ ❳❖
◗❩❍❋❏ s❵❪❨ s❖❋❩ ❬❨❛◗❩ r❚s ❨❩❋❩❤♠

■✳ ✶✳ ▲ ✁ ✂✄ ✄☎✆✝✆ ✞ ✟❞✝✠ ✉✡☛☞☞✡✌ ✍✎✏✑✡✎✉✒✌ ✉✑✍☞✒❣✎✌ ✍✒✎✡✎✉♦✌ ✏✓✔☛✕✖✑✗ ✥☎✆✘

✂✟✆ ❡✙✚✛✄ ✙✜ ✢✟ ✣ ✂ ✤✆✟❡ ✦☛☞☞✡✌ ✡✎✉✒✌ ❣✎✌ ✍✒✎✡✌ ✏✓✔☛✮ ✂✧❞ ✂✧ ✂❞✤✆✟❡ ✟ ✂
✜✂✟✄✚♣✛✆ ✦✉✡✌ ✍✎✏✑✌ ✉✑✍☞✒✌ ✎✉♦✌ ✖✑✮✳
❯★✩ ✪✫✩★✩ ✬✭✯✰★ ✱✲✲✯✭✲✯✴✱✪✩✵✷ ✴✸ ✪✫✩ ★✩✸✪✩✸✹✩★ ✺✩✵✭✬✻ ✼✭✽ ✾✱✷ ✹✭✸★✽✵✪
First Flight

✱ ✰✴✹✪✴✭✸✱✯✷✻
✦✚✮ ❆ ☎✆✂✤✘ ☎✂✝ ❡✆✆✧ ✢ ✟✆♣✂✝✄ ❞✙✆ ✄ ✛ ✞ ✜✟✆✝✝✙✟✆ ✚✧ ✄☎✆
❇✂✘ ✢ ❇✆✧✿✂✛✳
✦✚✚✮ ❘✂✁✆✝☎ ✞✚✛✛ ✣✂❀ ✟ ✝✙✟✿✆✟✘ ✄ ✣ ✟✟ ✞ ✣ ✟✧✚✧✿✳
✦✚✚✚✮ ▼✘ ❡✟ ✄☎✆✟ ✚✝ ✟✆✝✜ ✧✝✚❡✛✆ ✢ ✟ ✄☎✆ ✢ ✙✟ ✢✂✣✚✛✘ ✜✟ ✜✆✟✄✘✳
96
✦✚✤✮ ✥☎✆ ✟✂✄✆ ✢ ✟ ✄☎✚✝ ✂♣♣ ✙✧✄✂✧♣✘ ♣ ✙✟✝✆ ✚✝ ✤✆✟✘ ☎✚✿☎✳
✦✤✮ ❙☎✆ ✞✆✧✄ ✄ ✄☎✆ ❁✧✄✆✟✜✟✚✝✆ ❂ ✣✜✂✧✘ ✄ ✂✄✄✆✧❞ ✂
✚✧✄✆✟✤✚✆✞✳
❃✳ ◆✭✬ ❄✴✵✵ ✴✸ ✪✫✩ ✺✵✱✸❅★ ✴✸ ✪✫✩ ★✩✸✪✩✸✹✩★ ❈✴❉✩✸ ✺✩✵✭✬ ✺✷ ✹✭✾✺✴✸✴✸❈ ✪✫✩
❉✩✯✺ ❈✴❉✩✸ ✴✸ ✺✯✱✹❅✩✪★ ✬✴✪✫ ✭✸✩ ✭❄ ✪✫✩ ✬✭✯✰★ ❄✯✭✾ ✪✫✩ ✺✭✈ ✱★ ✱✲✲✯✭✲✯✴✱✪✩✻
✤✆✟ ❡✘ ✄☎✟ ✙✿☎ ✙✄ ✙✜ ❞ ✞✧

✦✚✮ ✥☎✆ ❆✟✣✘ ✂✄✄✆✣✜✄✆❞ ✙✧✝✙♣♣✆✝✝✢✙✛✛✘ ✄ ✄☎✆ ❊ ✤✆✟✧✣✆✧✄✳

✦✄☎✟ ✞✮
✦✚✚✮ ❙♣✚✆✧✄✚✝✄✝ ✂✟✆ ✧ ✄☎✆ ❡✟✚✧✁ ✢ ✂ ✣✂❀ ✟ ✚✧ ♣✂✧♣✆✟ ✟✆✝✆✂✟♣☎✳
✦❡✟✆✂✁✮
✦✚✚✚✮ ✥☎✆ ❙✄✂✄✆ ❊ ✤✆✟✧✣✆✧✄ ✜✛✂✧✝ ✄ ❡✙✚✛❞ ✂ ✢ ✟ ❇☎✙❡✂✧✆✝✞✂✟
✄ ✝✜✆✆❞ ✙✜ ✄✟✂✢✢✚♣ ✧ ✄☎✆ ✣✂✚✧ ☎✚✿☎✞✂✘✳ ✦✜✂✝✝✮
✦✚✤✮ ❊✂✙✄✂✣✂●✝ ✧ ✛✚✢✆ ♣☎✂✧✿✆❞ ✞☎✆✧ ☎✆ ✟✆✂✛✚✝✆❞ ✄☎✂✄ ✄☎✆ ✞ ✟✛❞
✚✝ ✢✙✛✛ ✢ ✝ ✟✟ ✞✳ ✦✛ ✁✮
✦✤✮ ❘✂✁✆✝☎ ✝✆✆✣✆❞ ✙✧✙✝✙✂✛✛✘ ✂✢✄✆✟ ✄☎✆ ✿✂✣✆✳ ✦♣✂✝✄✮
 ■■✳ ◆ ✁✂✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✁✆☎✞☎ ✟✐✠✡ ✥☛☞ ✟❡✌ ✥☞✍☎✄✁✂✎☎✞ ✥✏☎ ✑✞☎☞✳
✭✥✮ ❈✆☎✞✞ ✂✞ ✥☛ ✐✠✒❡✓❡✔✒✐✠✡ ❣✥✕☎✳ ■ ✥✕ ✎☎✏✖ ✐✠✒❡✓❡✔✒❡✌ ✂☛ ✄✆☎✞✞✳
✭❜✮ ● ✂☛❣ ✁✏☎✗✗✂☛❣ ✂☛ ✁✆☎ ✘✂✕✥✙✥✖✥✞ ❲☎ ✥✏☎ ✎☎✏✖ ❡✚✛✐✒❡✌ ✥❜ ✑✁ ✁✆☎
✁✆✂✞ ✞✑✕✕☎✏ ✂✞ ✥☛ ❡✚✛✐✒✐✠✡ ✂☞☎✥✳ ✁✏☎✗✳
✭✄✮ ❆✏☎ ✥✙✙ ✖ ✑✏ ✞✄✆ ✙ ❜ ✗✞ ✁✆✂✞ ✘☎ ✝✥✞ ✜✢✓❡✌ ✥✞ ✆☎ ✆✥☞ ☛
✜✢✓✐✠✡❄ ❢✏✂☎☛☞✞ ✁✆☎✏☎✳
❚✆☎ ✟✐✠✡ ✥☞✍☎✄✁✂✎☎✞ ✞✆ ✝ ✁✆☎ q✣✤✦✐✒✐❡✔ ✁✆✥✁ ✄✆☎✞✞✧ ✁✏☎✗✗✂☛❣✧ ✏ ✁✆☎✞☎ ❜ ✗✞
✆✥✎☎❤ ✁✆☎✖ ✛✤✣✔❡ ✂☛✁☎✏☎✞✁✧ ☎★✄✂✁☎✕☎☛✁✧ ✏ ❜ ✏☎☞ ✕ ✂☛ ✖ ✑✳ ❚✆☎ ✩❡✌✴✩❡✠
✥☞✍☎✄✁✂✎☎✞ ✞✆ ✝ ✖ ✑✏ ✕☎☛✁✥✙ ✞✁✥✁☎✧ ✏ ✖ ✑✏ ❛✆✖✞✂✄✥✙ ✞✁✥✁☎❤ ✆ ✝ ✖ ✑ ❢☎☎✙ ✂☛
✏☎✞❛ ☛✞☎ ✁ ✂☞☎✥✞✧ ☎✎☎☛✁✞ ✏ ✁✆✂☛❣✞✳
✶✳ ✪✫✬✯✰ ✱✲ ✵✷✬✸✹✺✻✼ ✽✬✯✾ ✱✿ ✽✼❀ ✹❀❁✼❂✸✬❃✼✵ ✸✱ ✹✯✵❅✼✿ ✸✫✼ ✲✱✻✻✱❅✬✯✾
❇✷✼✵✸✬✱✯✵❉ ❊✱✷ ♦✹❋ ✹✻✵✱ ✷✵✼ ❅✱✿❀✵ ✲✿✱♦ ✸✫✱✵✼ ✾✬❃✼✯ ✹✺✱❃✼❉
✘ ✝ ✝ ✑✙☞ ✖ ✑ ☞☎✞✄✏✂❜☎
❍❏❑ ✥ ❣ ☞ ☞☎✁☎✄✁✂✎☎ ✞☎✏✂✥✙ ☛ ✁☎✙☎✎✂✞✂ ☛❄
❍❏❏❑ ✥ ☞☎❜✥✁☎ ☛ ✖ ✑✏ ❢✥✎ ✑✏✂✁☎ ✁ ❛✂✄ ▲✘ ✕☎✝ ✏✗ ▼✆ ✑✙☞ ❖☎ ❖✥☛☛☎☞P❄

❍❏❏❏❑ ✆ ✝ ✖ ✑ ❢☎☎✙ ✝✆☎☛ ✖ ✑ ✞✁✥✖ ✂☛☞ ✏✞ ☞✑☎ ✁ ✂☛✄☎✞✞✥☛✁ ✏✥✂☛❄

❍❏◗❑ ✆ ✝ ✖ ✑ ❢☎☎✙ ✝✆☎☛ ✖ ✑ ❛☎☛ ✥ ❛✏☎✞☎☛✁❄

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❍◗❑ ✆ ✝ ✖ ✑ ❢☎☎✙ ✝✆☎☛ ✖ ✑ ✝✥✁✄✆ ✖ ✑✏ ❢✥✎ ✑✏✂✁☎ ❛✏ ❣✏✥✕✕☎ ☛
✁☎✙☎✎✂✞✂ ☛❄
❍◗❏❑ ✁✆☎ ✙ ✗ ☛ ✖ ✑✏ ✕ ✁✆☎✏P✞ ❢✥✄☎ ✥✞ ✖ ✑ ✝✥✂✁☎☞ ✂☛ ✥ t✑☎✑☎❄

❍◗❏❏❑ ✆ ✝ ✖ ✑ ❢☎☎✙ ✝✆☎☛ ✁✏✥✄✗✂☛❣ ✥ ✁✂❣☎✏ ✂☛ ✥ ✁✂❣☎✏ ✏☎✞☎✏✎☎ ❢ ✏☎✞✁❄

Glimpses of India
❍◗❏❏❏❑ ✁✆☎ ✞✁ ✏✖ ✖ ✑ ✆✥✎☎ ✏☎✄☎☛✁✙✖ ✏☎✥☞✧ ✏ ✥ ❢✂✙✕ ✖ ✑ ✆✥✎☎ ✞☎☎☛❄

❘✳ ❙✱❅ ✷✵✼ ✸✫✼ ✹❀❁✼❂✸✬❃✼✵ ✬✯ ✸✫✼ ✼❯✼✿❂✬✵✼ ✹✺✱❃✼❱ ✹✵ ✹❳❳✿✱❳✿✬✹✸✼❱ ✸✱ ❅✿✬✸✼

✹ ❳✹✿✹✾✿✹❳✫ ✹✺✱✷✸ ❨✱✱✿✾❉

✶✳ ❩☎✥☞ ✁✆☎ ❢ ✙✙ ✝✂☛❣ ❛✥✞✞✥❣☎ ✥❜ ✑✁ ✁☎✥✳

■☛☞✂✥ ✥☛☞ ✁☎✥ ✥✏☎ ✞ ✂☛✁☎✏✁✝✂☛☎☞ ✁ ❣☎✁✆☎✏ ✁✆✥✁ ✙✂❢☎ ✝✂✁✆ ✑✁ ✁✆☎ ❜✏☎✝ ✂✞
✑☛✂✕✥❣✂☛✥❜✙☎✳ ❚☎✥ ☎☛✁☎✏☎☞ ✑✏ ✙✂❢☎ ☛✙✖ ✂☛ ✁✆☎ ✕✂☞✟☛✂☛☎✁☎☎☛✁✆ ✄☎☛✁✑✏✖
✝✆☎☛ ✁✆☎ ❖✏✂✁✂✞✆ ✞✁✥✏✁☎☞ ❛✙✥☛✁✥✁✂ ☛✞ ✂☛ ❆✞✞✥✕ ✥☛☞ ✇✥✏✍☎☎✙✂☛❣❬ ■☛ ✁✆☎
❜☎❣✂☛☛✂☛❣ ✁✆ ✑❣✆✧ ■☛☞✂✥☛✞ ✞✆✑☛☛☎☞ ✁✆☎ ☞✏✂☛✗ ✥✞ ✁✆☎✖ ✁✆ ✑❣✆✁ ✂✁ ✝✥✞ ✥
❛ ✂✞ ☛ ✁✆✥✁ ✙☎☞ ✁ ✑✕❛✁☎☎☛ ☞✂✞☎✥✞☎✞✳ ■✏ ☛✂✄✥✙✙✖✧ ✁☎✥ ✄ ✙ ☛✂✞☎☞ ❖✏✂✁✥✂☛
✝✆☎✏☎ ✂✁ ❜☎✄✥✕☎ ✥ ❛✥✏✁ ❢ ✁✆☎✂✏ ✞ ✄✂✥✙ ☞✂✥✏✖ ✥☛☞ ✥✙✞ ✙☎☞ ✁ ✁✆☎
☎✞✁✥❜✙✂✞✆✕☎☛✁ ❢ ☛✑✕☎✏ ✑✞ ✁☎✥ ✆ ✑✞☎✞✳
 ❚ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✠✡✞☛✞✝ ☞✟✆✟✂☞✝✌ ✂✝☞ ✆✆ ✡✌✟ ✍ ☞✎✁ ✌✂✆ ✂✡✡✟✏✑✡✟✁ ✡ ✟✆✡✂✒✎✞✆✌
✡✌✟ ✒✟✠✟☛✞✝✞✂✎ t✓✂✎✞✡✞✟✆ ☛ ✡✟✂ ✔ ✂ ☛✂✝✡ ✡✌✟ ✕✂✑✂✠✟✆✟ ✂✠✁ ✡✌✟ ✖✌✞✠✟✆✟
❦✠✟✍ ✂✠✄✍✂✄ ☛☞ ✏ ✂✠✝✞✟✠✡ ✡✞✏✟✆☎ ✂✡✡☞✞✒✓✡✞✠✗ ✡ ✞✡ ✠✓✏✟☞ ✓✆ ✏✟✁✞✝✞✠✂✎
✑☞ ✑✟☞✡✞✟✆♣
❬❙✘✙✚✛✜✿ ➅✢✣✤✥✦✧★✿ ✩✪✫ ✬✭★✥✣✮✪✯ ✰★ ✱✫✭✲✣✥ ✳✣✤✴✫✤ ✵✧✦✮
▲✶✷✸✹✺✹✻ ✼✸✽✶✸✾❀ ❁❂✸ ❃✶❄❅❆❇ ❈ ❉❊✥✦✰✪✧ ❋●●❍■
✖ ✎✎✟✝✡ ✞✠☛ ☞✏✂✡✞ ✠ ✂✒ ✓✡ ✡✟✂☎ ✟♣✗♣ ✞✡✆ ✟❏ ✎✓✡✞ ✠ ✂✆ ✂ ✁☞✞✠❦☎ ✞✡✆ ✒✟✠✟☛✞✝✞✂✎
t✓✂✎✞✡✞✟✆♣ q ✓ ✝✂✠ ✝ ✠✆✓✎✡ ✂✠ ✟✠✝✄✝✎ ✑✟✁✞✂ ☞ ❏✞✆✞✡ ♦✠✡✟☞✠✟✡ ✍✟✒✆✞✡✟✆♣ ❚✌✟✠
☛ ☞✏ ✗☞ ✓✑✆ ☛ ☛✞❏✟ ✂✠✁ ✑✎✂✄ ✡✌✟ ☛ ✎✎ ✍✞✠✗ ☞ ✎✟✆❢ ♦✏✂✗✞✠✟ ✂ ✏✟✟✡✞✠✗ ☛ ✂ ✡✟✂
✑✎✂✠✡✟☞☎ ✂ ✆✂✎✟✆ ✂✗✟✠✡☎ ✂ ✡✟✂ ✎ ❏✟☞ ❑✝ ✠✆✓✏✟☞▼☎ ✂ ✑✌✄✆✞✝✞✂✠ ✂✠✁ ✂ ✡✟✂◆✆✌ ✑
✍✠✟☞♣ ❖✂✝✌ ✑✟☞✆ ✠ ✞✠ ✡✌✟ ✗☞ ✓✑ ✌✂✆ ✡ ✑✓✡ ☛ ☞✍✂☞✁ ✌✞✆❞✌✟☞ ❏✞✟✍✆ ✂✒ ✓✡
✡✟✂♣ q ✓ ✏✂✄ ✓✆✟ ✡✌✟ ☛ ✎✎ ✍✞✠✗ ✍ ☞✁✆ ✂✠✁ ✑✌☞✂✆✟✆♣
⑩ ♦ ☛✟✟✎ ♣♣♣ ⑩ ♦✡ ✞✆ ✞✏✑ ☞✡✂✠✡ ✡ ❦✠ ✍ ♣♣♣
⑩ ♦ ✁✞✆✂✗☞✟✟ ✍✞✡✌ ✄ ✓ ♣♣♣ ⑩ ♦ ✡✌✞✠❦ ✡✌✂✡ ✡✟✂ ♣♣♣
⑩ ♦ ✍ ✓✎✁ ✎✞❦✟ ✄ ✓ ✡ ❦✠ ✍ ♣♣♣ ⑩ ♦ ✂✗☞✟✟ ✍✞✡✌ ♣♣♣
⑩ ♦✡ ✞✆ ✏✄ ☛✟✟✎✞✠✗ ♣♣♣ ⑩ ♦ ✆✓✗✗✟✆✡ ♣♣♣
⑩ P✂✄ ♦ ❦✠ ✍ ✍✌✄ ✄ ✓ ♣♣♣ ⑩ ♦ ✂✏ ✂☛☞✂✞✁ ♣♣♣
First Flight

◗♣ q ✓ ✂☞✟ ✡✌✟ ✆✂✎✟✆ ✟❡✟✝✓✡✞❏✟ ☛ ✂ ☛✂✏ ✓✆ ✡✟✂ ✝ ✏✑✂✠✄ ✂✠✁ ✄ ✓ ✌✂❏✟ ✒✟✟✠ ✂✆❦✟✁
✡ ✁☞✂☛✡ ✂✠ ✂✁❏✟☞✡✞✆✟✏✟✠✡ ☛ ☞ ✡✌✟ ✑☞ ✁✓✝✡♣ ❘☞✂☛✡ ✡✌✟ ✂✁❏✟☞✡✞✆✟✏✟✠✡ ✓✆✞✠✗ ✡✌✟
✞✠☛ ☞✏✂✡✞ ✠ ✄ ✓ ✝ ✎✎✟✝✡✟✁ ☛ ☞ ✡✌✟ ☞ ✎✟ ✑✎✂✄♣ q ✓ ✝✂✠ ✁☞✂✍ ✑✞✝✡✓☞✟✆ ☞ ✂✁✁
✑✌ ✡ ✗☞✂✑✌✆ ✂✠✁ ✏✂❦✟ ✄ ✓☞ ✂✁❏✟☞✡✞✆✟✏✟✠✡ ✝ ✎ ✓☞☛✓✎♣

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WHAT WE HAVE DONE
Given a picture of three different regions of India, giving an idea of how varied and
charming and beautiful our country is.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
Get your students to arrange an exhibition of photographs of different places in India
— good sources are travel articles in Sunday newspapers, or in travel magazines, or in
brochures available at travel agents. Ask students to bring in two or three pictures
each, accompanied by a short, neatly hand-written write-up on the place shown in the
pictures. Arrange them on your classroom walls. Let the students study them. They can
then discuss, and later vote on the place they would most like to see.
 The Trees
❈ ✁ ✂✄☎✆☎ ✝☎ ✞✟✆☎✠✂ ✡☛✂✄✟☞✂ ✂✆☎☎✠✌ ✍✄☎✆☎ ✆☎ ✂✄☎ ✂✆☎☎✠ ☛✁ ✂✄☛✠
♣✟☎✎✏ ✁✑ ✡✄☎✆☎ ✑✟ ✂✄☎✒ ✓✟✌

❚✔✕ ✖✗✕✕✘ ✙✚✘✙✛✕ ✜✗✕ ✢✣✤✙✚✥ ✣✦✖ ✙✚✖✣ ✖✔✕ ✧✣✗✕✘✖★

✖✔✕ ✧✣✗✕✘✖ ✖✔✜✖ t✜✘ ✕✢✩✖✪ ✜✫✫ ✖✔✕✘✕ ✛✜✪✘
t✔✕✗✕ ✚✣ ✇✙✗✛ ✬✣✦✫✛ ✘✙✖
✚✣ ✙✚✘✕✬✖ ✔✙✛✕
✚✣ ✘✦✚ ✇✦✗✪ ✙✖✘ ✧✕✕✖ ✙✚ ✘✔✜✛✣t
✖✔✕ ✧✣✗✕✘✖ ✖✔✜✖ t✜✘ ✕✢✩✖✪ ✜✫✫ ✖✔✕✘✕ ✚✙✥✔✖✘
t✙✫✫ ✇✕ ✧✦✫✫ ✣✧ ✖✗✕✕✘ ✇✪ ✢✣✗✚✙✚✥✭

❆✫✫ ✚✙✥✔✖ ✖✔✕ ✗✣✣✖✘ t✣✗✮

✖✣ ✛✙✘✕✚✥✜✥✕ ✖✔✕✢✘✕✫✤✕✘ ✧✗✣✢ ✖✔✕ ✬✗✜✬✮✘
✙✚ ✖✔✕ ✤✕✗✜✚✛✜ ✧✫✣✣✗✭
❚✔✕ ✫✕✜✤✕✘ ✘✖✗✜✙✚ ✖✣t✜✗✛ ✖✔✕ ✥✫✜✘✘
✘✢✜✫✫ ✖t✙✥✘ ✘✖✙✧✧ t✙✖✔ ✕s✕✗✖✙✣✚
✫✣✚✥❧✬✗✜✢✩✕✛ ✇✣✦✥✔✘ ✘✔✦✧✧✫✙✚✥ ✦✚✛✕✗ ✖✔✕ ✗✣✣✧
✫✙✮✕ ✚✕t✫✪ ✛✙✘✬✔✜✗✥✕✛ ✩✜✖✙✕✚✖✘
✔✜✫✧❧✛✜❤✕✛★ ✢✣✤✙✚✥
✖✣ ✖✔✕ ✬✫✙✚✙✬ ✛✣✣✗✘✭

■ ✘✙✖ ✙✚✘✙✛✕★ ✛✣✣✗✘ ✣✩✕✚ ✖✣ ✖✔✕ ✤✕✗✜✚✛✜

t✗✙✖✙✚✥ ✫✣✚✥ ✫✕✖✖✕✗✘
✙✚ t✔✙✬✔ ■ ✘✬✜✗✬✕✫✪ ✢✕✚✖✙✣✚ ✖✔✕ ✛✕✩✜✗✖✦✗✕
✣✧ ✖✔✕ ✧✣✗✕✘✖ ✧✗✣✢ ✖✔✕ ✔✣✦✘✕✭
❚✔✕ ✚✙✥✔✖ ✙✘ ✧✗✕✘✔★ ✖✔✕ t✔✣✫✕ ✢✣✣✚ ✘✔✙✚✕✘
✙✚ ✜ ✘✮✪ ✘✖✙✫✫ ✣✩✕✚
✖✔✕ ✘✢✕✫✫ ✣✧ ✫✕✜✤✕✘ ✜✚✛ ✫✙✬✔✕✚
✘✖✙✫✫ ✗✕✜✬✔✕✘ ✫✙✮✕ ✜ ✤✣✙✬✕ ✙✚✖✣ ✖✔✕ ✗✣✣✢✘✭
 ▼ ✁✂✄☎ ✆✝ ✞✟✠✠ ✡✞ ☛✁✆✝☞✂✌✝
☛✁✆✇✁ ✍✡✎✡✌✌✡☛ ☛✆✠✠ ✏✂ ✝✆✠✂✑✍✒
▲✆✝✍✂✑✒ ✓✁✂ ✔✠✄✝✝ ✆✝ ✏✌✂✄✕✆✑✔✒
✓✁✂ ✍✌✂✂✝ ✄✌✂ ✝✍✟✎✏✠✆✑✔ ✞✡✌☛✄✌☎
✆✑✍✡ ✍✁✂ ✑✆✔✁✍✒ ✐✆✑☎✝ ✌✟✝✁ ✍✡ ✎✂✂✍ ✍✁✂✎✒
✓✁✂ ✎✡✡✑ ✆✝ ✏✌✡✕✂✑ ✠✆✕✂ ✄ ✎✆✌✌✡✌✱
✆✍✝ ☞✆✂✇✂✝ ✞✠✄✝✁ ✑✡☛ ✆✑ ✍✁✂ ✇✌✡☛✑
✡✞ ✍✁✂ ✍✄✠✠✂✝✍ ✡✄✕✒

❆❉✖✗✘✙✙✘ ✥✗■✚

Adrienne Rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. in 1929. She is

the author of nearly twenty volumes of poetry, and has been called a
feminist and a radical poet.
First Flight

t✛ ✜✢✣✤✦✧★✧✤ t✩✤✪✣✤✫✬✤✣✿ ✭✮ ✯✰✲✳✴✳✭✰ ✭✵✰✶✯✰✷✸✰✯

✣ts★✢✦✿ ✶✳✹✰ ✰✺✺✮✴✭✯ ✭✮ ✶✮✸✰
❜✛✻✧✩✿ ✼✴✳✽✾✵
✣✩✻❀❀✫✢✦✧✿ ✶✮✸♠✽❁ ✴✰✲✰✳✭✰❂✷❃ ✺✴✮✶ ✮✽✰ ✲✮✯♠✭♠✮✽ ✭✮ ✳✽✮✭✵✰✴
100 ✫✢❧✩✤✦✿ ✾✴❝✯✭❃ ✲✳✭✾✵✰✯ ✮✴ ✼❝✯✵❃ ❁✴✮❄✭✵ ✮✽ ✭✴✰✰ ✭✴❝✽✹✯❅✼✳✴✰ ❁✴✮❝✽❂ ✺✮✴✶✰❂ ✼❃
✳✯✯✮✾♠✳✭♠✮✽ ✮✺ ✺❝✽❁❝✯ ✳✽❂ ✳✷❁✳❛

❇❛ ❈♠❊ ❋♠✽❂● ♠✽ ✭✵✰ ✺♠✴✯✭ ✯✭✳✽❍✳● ✭✵✴✰✰ ✭✵♠✽❁✯ ✭✵✳✭ ✾✳✽✽✮✭ ✵✳✲✲✰✽ ♠✽ ✳ ✭✴✰✰✷✰✯✯
✺✮✴✰✯✭❛
❈♠♠❊ ❲✵✳✭ ✲♠✾✭❝✴✰ ❂✮ ✭✵✰✯✰ ❄✮✴❂✯ ✾✴✰✳✭✰ ♠✽ ❃✮❝✴ ✶♠✽❂✿ ❏❑ ✯❝✽ ✼❝✴❃ ♠✭✯ ✺✰✰✭
♠✽ ✯✵✳❂✮❄❑◆❖ ❲✵✳✭ ✾✮❝✷❂ ✭✵✰ ✲✮✰✭ ✶✰✳✽ ✼❃ ✭✵✰ ✯❝✽P✯ ◗✺✰✰✭P❖
❘❛ ❈♠❊ ❲✵✰✴✰ ✳✴✰ ✭✵✰ ✭✴✰✰✯ ♠✽ ✭✵✰ ✲✮✰✶❖ ❲✵✳✭ ❂✮ ✭✵✰♠✴ ✴✮✮✭✯● ✭✵✰♠✴ ✷✰✳✸✰✯● ✳✽❂
✭✵✰♠✴ ✭❄♠❁✯ ❂✮❖
❈♠♠❊ ❲✵✳✭ ❂✮✰✯ ✭✵✰ ✲✮✰✭ ✾✮✶✲✳✴✰ ✭✵✰♠✴ ✼✴✳✽✾✵✰✯ ✭✮❖
❙❛ ❈♠❊ ❚✮❄ ❂✮✰✯ ✭✵✰ ✲✮✰✭ ❂✰✯✾✴♠✼✰ ✭✵✰ ✶✮✮✽✿ ❈✳❊ ✳✭ ✭✵✰ ✼✰❁♠✽✽♠✽❁ ✮✺ ✭✵✰ ✭✵♠✴❂
✯✭✳✽❍✳● ✳✽❂ ❈✼❊ ✳✭ ♠✭✯ ✰✽❂❖ ❲✵✳✭ ✾✳❝✯✰✯ ✭✵♠✯ ✾✵✳✽❁✰❖
❈♠♠❊ ❲✵✳✭ ✵✳✲✲✰✽✯ ✭✮ ✭✵✰ ✵✮❝✯✰ ❄✵✰✽ ✭✵✰ ✭✴✰✰✯ ✶✮✸✰ ✮❝✭ ✮✺ ♠✭❖
❈♠♠♠❊ ❲✵❃ ❂✮ ❃✮❝ ✭✵♠✽✹ ✭✵✰ ✲✮✰✭ ❂✮✰✯ ✽✮✭ ✶✰✽✭♠✮✽ ❏✭✵✰ ❂✰✲✳✴✭❝✴✰ ✮✺ ✭✵✰ ✺✮✴✰✯✭
✺✴✮✶ ✭✵✰ ✵✮❝✯✰◆ ♠✽ ✵✰✴ ✷✰✭✭✰✴✯❖ ❈❢✮❝✷❂ ♠✭ ✼✰ ✭✵✳✭ ❄✰ ✳✴✰ ✮✺✭✰✽ ✯♠✷✰✽✭
✳✼✮❝✭ ♠✶✲✮✴✭✳✽✭ ✵✳✲✲✰✽♠✽❁✯ ✭✵✳✭ ✳✴✰ ✯✮ ❝✽✰❯✲✰✾✭✰❂ ✭✵✳✭ ✭✵✰❃ ✰✶✼✳✴✴✳✯✯
❝✯❖ ✉✵♠✽✹ ✳✼✮❝✭ ✭✵♠✯ ✳❁✳♠✽ ❄✵✰✽ ❃✮❝ ✳✽✯❄✰✴ ✭✵✰ ✽✰❯✭ ✯✰✭ ✮✺ ❱❝✰✯✭♠✮✽✯❛❊
✹✳ ◆ ✁ ✂✄☎✂ ✆ ✝ ✄☎✞✟ ✠✟☎✡ ✂✄✟ ☛ ✟☞ ✌✍ ✡✟✂☎✌✎✏ ✁✟ ✑☎✍ ✒✟✓✌✍ ✂ ☎✔✕ ✁✄☎✂ ✂✄✟
☛ ✟☞ ☞✌✓✄✂ ☞✟☎✍✳ ♣✟✠✟ ☎✠✟ ✂✁ ✔✝✓✓✟✔✂✌ ✍✔✳ ✖☎✍ ✆ ✝ ✂✄✌✍✕ ✗ ✂✄✟✠✔✘
✭✌✮ ❉ ✟✔ ✂✄✟ ☛ ✟☞ ☛✠✟✔✟✍✂ ☎ ✑ ✍✗✎✌✑✂ ✒✟✂✁✟✟✍ ☞☎✍ ☎✍✡ ✍☎✂✝✠✟✘ ✖ ☞☛☎✠✟ ✌✂
✁✌✂✄ ❆ ✙✐✚✛✜ ✐✢ ✣✤✛ ✥✦✦✧ ■✔ ✂✄✟ ☛ ✟✂ ✔✝✓✓✟✔✂✌✍✓ ✂✄☎✂ ☛✎☎✍✂✔ ☎✍✡ ✂✠✟✟✔✏
✝✔✟✡ ✗ ✠ ✉✌✍✂✟✠✌ ✠ ✡✟✑ ✠☎✂✌ ✍★ ✌✍ ✑✌✂✌✟✔ ✁✄✌✎✟ ✗ ✠✟✔✂✔ ☎✠✟ ✑✝✂ ✡ ✁✍✏ ☎✠✟
✉✌☞☛✠✌✔ ✍✟✡★✏ ☎✍✡ ✍✟✟✡ ✂ ✉✒✠✟☎✕ ✝✂★✘
✭✌✌✮ ❖✍ ✂✄✟ ✂✄✟✠ ✄☎✍✡✏ ✩✡✠✌✟✍✍✟ ✪✌✑✄ ✄☎✔ ✒✟✟✍ ✕✍ ✁✍ ✂ ✝✔✟ ✂✠✟✟✔ ☎✔ ☎
☞✟✂☎☛✄ ✠ ✗ ✠ ✄✝☞☎✍ ✒✟✌✍✓✔♠ ✂✄✌✔ ✌✔ ☎ ✠✟✑✝✠✠✟✍✂ ✌☞☎✓✟ ✌✍ ✄✟✠ ☛ ✟✂✠✆✳
❲✄☎✂ ✍✟✁ ☞✟☎✍✌✍✓✔ ✟☞✟✠✓✟ ✗✠ ☞ ✂✄✟ ☛ ✟☞ ✌✗ ✆ ✝ ✂☎✕✟ ✌✂✔ ✂✠✟✟✔ ✂ ✒✟
✔✆☞✒ ✎✌✑ ✗ ✂✄✌✔ ☛☎✠✂✌✑✝✎☎✠ ☞✟☎✍✌✍✓✘
✺✳ ❨ ✝ ☞☎✆ ✠✟☎✡ ✂✄✟ ☛ ✟☞ ✉❖✍ ❡✌✎✎✌✍✓ ☎ ✫✠✟✟★ ✒✆ ✬✌✟✞✟ ✯☎✂✟✎ ✭❇✛✛✤✐✰✛ ✱ ✙✛✲✣✴✦✦✵
✐✢ ✶✢✚✷✐✸✤ ✻✦✜ ✼✷✽✸✸ ✾✿❀ ◆✖❁✪✫ ✮✳ ✖ ☞☛☎✠✟ ☎✍✡ ✑ ✍✂✠☎✔✂ ✌✂ ✁✌✂✄ ✂✄✟ ☛ ✟☞ ✆ ✝
✄☎✞✟ ❤✝✔✂ ✠✟☎✡✳

Homophones
Can you find the words below that are spelt 101
similarly, and sometimes even pronounced
similarly, but have very different meanings? Check
their pronunciation and meaning in a dictionary.
• The dump was so full that it had to refuse more
refuse.
• When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.

The Trees
• The insurance was invalid for the invalid.
BEFORE YOU READ
● ✁✂✄ ☎ ✆✝✞✟✟ ✟✂✁✞✠ ✂✄ ✡☛☞☞ ✌✞ ✂✄ ✍ ✎✏✠✑✞ ✒✄ ♥ ✂✄ ☞✓✞ ✔✞✠☞
❍✂✌✓✟ ✄✕✠ ✂✄ ✖✡☛☞✟ ✄✕✗ ✔✓✞✄ ✓✂✠ ✕☛✌ ✘☛✄✄✂✞ ✕✂✞✕♥ ☎ ✆✝✞✟✟ ✝ ✠ ☞☛☛
✠ ✕ ☞☛ ☞✓✂✄s ☛✑ s✞✞✙✂✄✌ ✕☛✌ ✌ ✂✄✗ ✚✏☞ ✟✂✑✞ ✝✂☞✓☛✏☞ ✙✞☞ ✝ ✠
✟☛✄✞✟❧✗✗✗ ✛✞ ✕ ✝✓ ☞ ✓ ✙✙✞✄✞✕ ☞✓✞✄♥ ✂✄ ☎ ✆✝✞✟✟✜✠ ☛✝✄ ✝☛✒✕✠✗
❆✢✣✤✥✤✣✦
✶✗ ❉☛ ❧☛✏ ✓ ✁✞ ✙✞☞✧ ★✑ ❧☛✏ ✕☛♥ ❧☛✏ ✙✞✒✓ ✙✠ s✄☛✝ ☞✓ ☞ ✙✞☞ ✂✠
✠✞✒✂☛✏✠ ✒✞✠✙☛✄✠✂✩✂✟✂☞❧✗ ✛✞ ✕ ✂✄ ☞✓✞ ✩☛✆ ✩✞✟☛✝ ✝✓ ☞ ☞✓✞ ✖✪✍✫ ✬
☞✓✞ ✖☛✡✂✞☞❧ ✑☛✒ ☞✓✞ ✪✒✞✁✞✄☞✂☛✄ ☛✑ ✍✒✏✞✟☞❧ ☞☛ ✫✄✂✎ ✟✠ ✬ ✓ ✠ ☞☛
✠ ❧ ✩☛✏☞ ✓☛✝ ☞☛ ✡ ✒✞ ✑☛✒ ✙✞☞✗
❖✭✮✯✮✰ ✱ ✲✳✴ ✯✵ ✱ ✷✯✸✳✴✯✹✳ ✺✸ ✻✺✹✹✯✴✹✳✮✴ ✼✽✲ ✴✺ ✴✳✮ ✾✳✱✿✵ ✺✿
✹✺✿✳ ✯✸ ✾✺✽ ✺✭✮ ✱ ♠✺✰ ✺✿ ✱ ✻✱✴❀ ✯✮❁✺✷❁✯✮✰ ✻✺✮✵✯♠✳✿✱❂✷✳
✿✳✵✲✺✮✵✯❂✯✷✯✴✾r ❃❄✳ ♠✳✻✯✵✯✺✮ ✴✺ ✱✻❅✽✯✿✳ ✺✮✳❇ ✴❄✳✿✳✸✺✿✳❇ ✵❄✺✽✷♠
❂✳ ✹✱♠✳ ❂✾ ✴❄✳ ✭❄✺✷✳ ✸✱✹✯✷✾r ❜✯✴❄✺✽✴ ✸✽✷✷ ✱✰✿✳✳✹✳✮✴ ❂✾
✳❁✳✿✾✺✮✳❇ ✴❄✳ ✲✳✴ ✻✺✽✷♠ ✳✮♠ ✽✲ ✽✮✭✱✮✴✳♠r ❡✽✲✲✯✳✵ ✱✮♠
❦✯✴✴✳✮✵ ✱✿✳ ✵✺ ✱♠✺✿✱❂✷✳❇ ✯✴ ✯✵ ✳✱✵✾ ✴✺ ✽✮♠✳✿✵✴✱✮♠ ✭❄✾ ✱♠✽✷✴✵
✱✮♠ ✻❄✯✷♠✿✳✮ ✱✷✯❦✳ ✭✺✽✷♠ ❂✳ ✱✴✴✿✱✻✴✳♠ ✴✺ ✴❄✳✹r ❛✮✸✺✿✴✽✮✱✴✳✷✾
✴❄✳✯✿ ✻✽✴✳ ✷✺✺❦✵ ✱✿✳ ✺✸✴✳✮ ✱ ♠✯✵✱♠❁✱✮✴✱✰✳❇ ❂✳✻✱✽✵✳ ✲✳✺✲✷✳
✲✽✿✻❄✱✵✳ ✴❄✳✹ ✭✯✴❄✺✽✴ ✻✺✮✵✯♠✳✿✱✴✯✺✮ ✱✮♠ ✴❄✳ ❦✮✺✭✷✳♠✰✳ ✺✮
❄✺✭ ✴✺ ✴✱❦✳ ✲✿✺✲✳✿ ✻✱✿✳ ✺✸ ✴❄✳✹r ❃❄✳ ❂✱✵✯✻ ✲✺✯✮✴✵ ✾✺✽ ✵❄✺✽✷♠
❦✳✳✲ ✯✮ ✹✯✮♠ ❂✳✸✺✿✳ ✱♠✺✲✴✯✮✰ ✱ ✲✽✲✲✾ ✱✿✳❈
➉ ✱✮ ✱✮✮✽✱✷ ♠✺✰ ✷✯✻✳✮✻✳ ✯✮ ✱✻✻✺✿♠✱✮✻✳ ✭✯✴❄ ✰✺❁✳✿✮✹✳✮✴
✿✳✰✽✷✱✴✯✺✮✵
➉ ✯✴✵ ✱✮✮✽✱✷ ❁✱✻✻✯✮✱✴✯✺✮ ✱✰✱✯✮✵✴ ✹✱✐✺✿ ♠✯✵✳✱✵✳✵
➉ ✴✺✯✷✳✴ ✴✿✱✯✮✯✮✰
➉ ✿✳✰✽✷✱✿ ✰✿✺✺✹✯✮✰ ✱✮♠ ❂✱✴❄✯✮✰
➉ ✺❂✳♠✯✳✮✻✳ ✴✿✱✯✮✯✮✰
➉ ♠✺✮❞✴ ✸✺✿✰✳✴ ✾✺✽ ✵❄✺✽✷♠ ✸✳✳♠ ✾✺✽✿ ✲✳✴ ✱ ❂✱✷✱✮✻✳♠ ♠✯✳✴
➉ ✵✺✻✯✱✷✯✵✱✴✯✺✮ ✼✹✱✮✾ ♠✺✰✵ ✱✿✳ ❦✳✲✴ ✻✺✮✸✯✮✳♠ ✯✮ ✻✱✰✳✵ ✺✿ ✴✯✳♠
✽✲ ✴✺ ✵✴✺✲ ✴❄✳✹ ✸✿✺✹ ♠✯✿✴✾✯✮✰ ✴❄✳ ✰✱✿♠✳✮ ✺✿ ✸✿✺✹ ✻❄✳✭✯✮✰
✺✮ ✵❄✺✳✵ ♦ ✴❄✯✵ ✯✵ ✭✿✺✮✰❀ ✯✵ ❁✳✿✾ ✯✹✲✺✿✴✱✮✴
➉ ✱ ♠✱✯✷✾ ♠✺✵✳ ✺✸ ✳❊✳✿✻✯✵✳❇ ✱✸✸✳✻✴✯✺✮ ✱✮♠ ✲✷✱✾r
 ❘✻★✵✹✺✼ ✽✶ ✯ ✺ ✰✪✻ ✫✽ ✴❍✻✐ ✰ ✴✻✿✯ ✧✻✪★✺✵ ✹✫ ★✺✯ ✰✪✻ ✧
✹✬✶✯✧✰★✺✰ ✧✻✩✽✹✧✻✬✻✺✰ ★✺✵ ✇✹✲✲ ✼✽✹✵✻ ✳✯✽ ✰✯✇★✧✵✫ ✴✻✹✺✼ ★
✧✻✫✶✯✺✫✹✴✲✻ ✶✻✰ ✯✇✺✻✧❀ ●✻✲✻✐✰✻✵ ✶✻✰ ✫✪✯✶✫ ★✺✵ ✬★❍✯✧ ✴✯✯❂
✫✰✯✧✻✫ ✶✧✯❃✹✵✻ ✴✯✯❂✫ ✯✺ ✰✪✻ ✐★✧✻ ✯✿ ❃★✧✹✯✽✫ ✴✧✻✻✵✫s✶✻✰✫❀

✷ ■✁✂✄☎✆✝ ✞✟✁✝✟✆✝ ✠✂✞ ✄☎✡☛✝☞ ✌✟✍ ✂ ✎✝☛ ✏☎☛✠ ✌✟✍✑ ✎✂✑☛✆✝✑✒✞ ✠✝✓✎✔
✁✂♠✝ ✂ ✓☎✞☛ ✟✡ ☛✠✝ ☛✠☎✆✄✞ ✌✟✍ ✆✝✝☞ ☛✟ ♠✆✟✕ ✂✖✟✍☛ ☛✠✝ ✎✝☛ ☎✆
✟✑☞✝✑ ☛✟ ☛✂♠✝ ✄✟✟☞ ♦✂✑✝ ✟✡ ☎☛ ✗✆✝ ✠✂✞ ✖✝✝✆ ☞✟✆✝ ✡✟✑ ✌✟✍

✭☎✮ ❚✠✝ ✡✟✟☞ ☎☛ ✝✂☛✞

✭☎☎✮

✭☎☎☎✮

✭☎✘✮

✭✘✮

✸ ✗☛☛✝✑✞ ✂✑✝ ✡✟✍✆☞ ☎✆ ✓✂✑✄✝ ✆✍✁✖✝✑✞ ☎✆ ☛✠✝ ✁✂✑✞✠✝✞ ✭☎ ✝ ✕✝☛

✂✑✝✂✞ ✆✝✂✑ ✓✂♠✝✞✔ ✑☎✘✝✑✞ ✟✑ ✞✝✂✞✮ ✆✝✂✑ ❛✂✞✑✂✔ ✂ ☛✟✕✆ ☎✆ ■✑✂✙
■✁✂✄☎ ✆✝ ✌✟✍ ✕✂✆☛✝☞ ☛✟ ✖✑☎✆✄ ✂✆ ✟☛☛✝✑ ✡✑✟✁ ■✑✂✙ ☛✟ ✚✟✆☞✟✆✔
✂✞ ✂ ✎✝☛ ✏✠✂☛ ✞✎✝♦☎✂✓ ✂✑✑✂✆✄✝✁✝✆☛✞ ✕✟✍✓☞ ✌✟✍ ✆✝✝☞ ☛✟
✁✂♠✝ ✡✟✑ ✌✟✍✑ ✎✝☛ ✟☛☛✝✑✛ ✜✟✍ ✕✟✍✓☞ ✆✝✝☞ ☛✟ ✡☎ ✆☞ ✂ ✎✓✂♦✝ 103
✕☎☛✠ ✓✟☛✞ ✟✡ ✕✂☛✝✑✔ ✡✟✑ ✝✱✂✁✎✓✝ ✏✠✂☛ ✟☛✠✝✑ ✎✟☎✆☛✞ ✞✠✟✍✓☞
✌✟✍ ☛✠☎✆♠ ✂✖✟✍☛✛ ❚✠✝ ☎✆✡✟✑✁✂☛☎ ✟✆ ✂✖✟✍☛ ■✑✂✙ ✂✆☞ ✚✟✆☞✟✆
✄☎✘✝✆ ✖✝✓✟✕ ✁✂✌ ✠✝✓✎ ✌✟✍

✢✣✤✥ ▲❄❅❆❄❅

✦✧★✩ ✪★✫ ✬✯✫✰✲✳ ✴✧✯★✵ ✶✲★✹✺✫ ❇✯ ✺✵ ✯ ✺ ✪ ★✫ ★ ✲ ★ ✧✼✻

Mijbil the Otter

★ ✺✵ ✬ ★ ✧✫ ✪ ✻ ✫ ★✲✯ ✺✼
✦✧★✺✹★✺ ✴✯✧✵✻✧ ✹✺ ✰✪✻ ✫✯✽✰✪✾
✇✹✰✪ ✲★✧✼✻ ✿✲✯✯✵✻✵ ★✧✻★✫❀ ❁
✲★✧✼✻ ✶★✧✰ ✯✿ ✦✧★✩❧✫ ✲★✺✵ ★✧✻★
✹✫ ✵✻ ✫ ✻ ✧ ✰ ✾ ✫ ✯ ✹✰ ✪ ★✫
✇✹✺✰✻ ✧✫ ★✺✵ ✵✧✳✾ ✪✯ ✰ ★✺✵
✐✲✯ ✽✵✲✻ ✫✫ ✫ ✽ ✬ ✬ ✻ ✧✫ ❀
✬✯✽ ✺✰★✹✺ ★✧✻★✫ ✺✻★✧ ✦✧★✺
★✺✵ ❝✽✧❂✻✳ ✪★❃✻ ✐✯✲✵ ✇✹✺✰✻✧✫❀
❝✪✻✧✻ ✹✫ ✪✻★❃✳ ✫✺✯✇✿★✲✲ ✰✪✻✧✻✾
★✺✵ ✇✪✻✺ ✰✪✻ ✫✺✯✇ ✬✻✲✰✫ ✹✺
✫✶✧✹✺✼✾ ✹✰ ✐★✽✫✻✫ ✿✲✯✯✵✫ ✹✺
✐✻✺✰✧★✲ ★✺✵ ✫✯✽✰✪✻✧✺ ✦✧★✩❀
✰✪ ✻ ✶✯✶✽✲★✰✹✯✺ ★✺✵ ✹✫ ★ ❃✻✧✳ ✴✽✫✳
✐ ✹✰✳❀ ✦✺ ★✵✵✹✰✹✯✺ ✰✯ ✬✽✲✰✹❈
✫✰✯✧✻✳✻✵ ✴✽✹✲✵✹✺✼✫✾ ✪✯✇✻❃✻✧✾
✹✰ ✪★✫ ✬★✺✳ ✯✶✻✺ ✫✶★✐✻✫ ✯✧
✐✯✯✲ ✶★✧❂✫ ❀ ✦✰ ✪★✫ ★ ✰✻✬✶✻✧★✰✻
✐✲✹✬★✰✻ ❉✹❀✻❀ ✹✰ ✹✫ ✺✻✹✰✪✻✧ ❃✻✧✳
❝✪ ✻ ✪✯ ✰✾ ✺✯ ✧ ❃ ✻ ✧ ✳ ✐ ✯✲ ✵ ❤ ✾ ✇ ✹ ✰✪
✧✻✼✽✲★✧ ✴✽✰ ✼✻✺✻✧★✲✲✳ ✲✹✼✪✰
✧★✹✺✿★✲✲ ✯✧ ✫✺✯✇ ✰✪✧✯✽✼✪✯✽✰
✰✪✻ ✳✻★✧❀ ❝✪✻ ✇★✧✬✻✫✰ ✬✯✺✰✪
✹✫ ❊✽✲✳✾ ★ ✺✵ ✰✪ ✻ ✐✯ ✯✲✻ ✫ ✰
✬✯✺✰✪ ✹✫ ❊★✺✽★✧✳❀ ❋✻✴✧✽★✧✳
✹✫ ✰✪✻ ✵✧✹✻✫✰ ✬✯✺✰✪❀ ●✺✯✇ ✹✫
✺✯✰ ❃✻✧✳ ✐✯✬✬✯✺ ✹✺ ❇✯✺✵✯✺❀
 ■
❊❆ ✁❨ ✥✂ ✄☎✆ ✝✆✞ ✟✆❡✠ ✡☛ ☞✌✍✎ ✏ ✄✠❡✑✆✒✒✆✓ ✄✡ ✔✡✕✄☎✆✠✂
✏✠❡✖✗ ✘✙ ✄☎✆✂ ✥✄ ☎❡✓ ✚✠✡✛✛✆✓ ✜✙ ✜✥✂✓ ✄☎❡✄ ✏ ✛☎✡✕✒✓ crossed my mind
✒✥❧✆ ✄✡ ❧✆✆✢ ❡✂ ✡✄✄✆✠ ✥✂✛✄✆❡✓ ✡☛ ❡ ✓✡✣✤ ❡✂✓ ✄☎❡✄ (a thought) came
into my mind
❈❡✜✕✛☛✆❡✠✂❡✤ ✠✥✂✣✆✓ ✦✙ ✞❡✄✆✠ ❡ ✛✄✡✂✆✧✛ ✄☎✠✡✞ ☛✠✡✜
✥✄✛ ✓✡✡✠✤ ✞✡✕✒✓ ✦✆ ❡✂ ✆✜✥✂✆✂✄✒✙ ✛✕✥✄❡✦✒✆ ✛✢✡✄ ☛✡✠ a stone's throw
a very short distance
✄☎✥✛ ✆t✢✆✠✥✜✆✂✄✗
❲☎✆✂ ✏ ✚❡✛✕❡✒✒✙ ✜✆✂✄✥✡✂✆✓ ✄☎✥✛ ✄✡ ❡ ☛✠✥✆✂✓✤ ☎✆
❡✛ ✚❡✛✕❡✒✒✙ ✠✆✢✒✥✆✓ ✄☎❡✄ ✏ ☎❡✓ ✦✆✄✄✆✠ ✣✆✄ ✡✂✆ ✥✂ ✄☎✆
❚✥✣✠✥✛ ✜❡✠✛☎✆✛✤ ☛✡✠ ✄☎✆✠✆ ✄☎✆✙ ✞✆✠✆ ❡✛ ✚✡✜✜✡✂ ❡✛
✜✡✛✖✕✥✄✡✆✛✤ ❡✂✓ ✞✆✠✆ ✡☛✄✆✂ ✄❡✜✆✓ ✦✙ ✄☎✆ ♠✠❡✦✛✗
❲✆ ✞✆✠✆ ✣✡✥✂✣ ✄✡ ✘❡✛✠❡ ✄✡ ✄☎✆ ❈✡✂✛✕✒❡✄✆★✩✆✂✆✠❡✒
✄✡ ✚✡✒✒✆✚✄ ❡✂✓ ❡✂✛✞✆✠ ✡✕✠ ✜❡✥✒ ☛✠✡✜ ❊✕✠✡✢✆✗ ♠✄ ✄☎✆
❈✡✂✛✕✒❡✄✆★✩✆✂✆✠❡✒ ✞✆ ☛✡✕✂✓ ✄☎❡✄ ✜✙ ☛✠✥✆✂✓✧✛ ✜❡✥✒
☎❡✓ ❡✠✠✥✑✆✓ ✦✕✄ ✄☎❡✄ ✜✥✂✆ ☎❡✓ ✂✡✄✗
✏ ✚❡✦✒✆✓ ✄✡ ❊✂✣✒❡✂✓✤ ❡✂✓ ✞☎✆✂✤ ✄☎✠✆✆ ✓❡✙✛ ✒❡✄✆✠✤ cabled
✂✡✄☎✥✂✣ ☎❡✓ ☎❡✢✢✆✂✆✓✤ ✏ ✄✠✥✆✓ ✄✡ ✄✆✒✆✢☎✡✂✆✗ ❚☎✆ ✚❡✒✒ sent a message by
First Flight

telegraph
☎❡✓ ✄✡ ✦✆ ✦✡✡❧✆✓ ✄✞✆✂✄✙★☛✡✕✠ ☎✡✕✠✛ ✥✂ ❡✓✑❡✂✚✆✗ ❤✂
✄☎✆ ☛✥✠✛✄ ✓❡✙ ✄☎✆ ✒✥✂✆ ✞❡✛ ✡✕✄ ✡☛ ✡✠✓✆✠✪ ✡✂ ✄☎✆ ✛✆✚✡✂✓
✄☎✆ ✆t✚☎❡✂✣✆ ✞❡✛ ✚✒✡✛✆✓ ☛✡✠ ❡ ✠✆✒✥✣✥✡✕✛ ☎✡✒✥✓❡✙✗ ❤✂
✄☎✆ ✄☎✥✠✓ ✓❡✙ ✄☎✆✠✆ ✞❡✛ ❡✂✡✄☎✆✠ ✦✠✆❡❧✓✡✞✂✗ ✫✙
104 ☛✠✥✆✂✓ ✒✆☛✄✤ ❡✂✓ ✏ ❡✠✠❡✂✣✆✓ ✄✡ ✜✆✆✄ ☎✥✜ ✥✂ ❡ ✞✆✆❧✧✛
✄✥✜✆✗ ✬✥✑✆ ✓❡✙✛ ✒❡✄✆✠✤ ✜✙ ✜❡✥✒ ❡✠✠✥✑✆✓✗
✏ ✚❡✠✠✥✆✓ ✥✄ ✄✡ ✜✙ ✦✆✓✠✡✡✜ ✄✡ ✠✆❡✓✤ ❡✂✓ ✄☎✆✠✆✤
✛✖✕❡✄✄✥✂✣ ✡✂ ✄☎✆ ☛✒✡✡✠✤ ✞✆✠✆ ✄✞✡ ♠✠❡✦✛✪ ✦✆✛✥✓✆ ✄☎✆✜
✒❡✙ ❡ ✛❡✚❧ ✄☎❡✄ ✛✖✕✥✠✜✆✓ ☛✠✡✜ ✄✥✜✆ ✄✡ ✄✥✜✆✗ ❚☎✆✙ squirmed
☎❡✂✓✆✓ ✜✆ ❡ ✂✡✄✆ ☛✠✡✜ ✜✙ ☛✠✥✆✂✓♦ ✭✮✆✠✆ ✥✛ ✙✡✕✠ ✡✄✄✆✠✗✗✗✳ twisted about

■■
❲✥✄☎ ✄☎✆ ✡✢✆✂✥✂✣ ✡☛ ✄☎❡✄ ✛❡✚❧ ✦✆✣❡✂ ❡ ✢☎❡✛✆ ✡☛ ✜✙ thraldom (old
✒✥☛✆ ✄☎❡✄ ☎❡✛ ✂✡✄ ✙✆✄ ✆✂✓✆✓✤ ❡✂✓ ✜❡✙✤ ☛✡✠ ❡✒✒ ✏ ❧✂✡✞✤ fashioned)
✂✡✄ ✆✂✓ ✦✆☛✡✠✆ ✏ ✓✡✗ ✏✄ ✥✛✤ ✥✂ ✆☛☛✆✚✄✤ ❡ ✄☎✠❡✒✓✡✜ ✄✡ being under the
control of
✡✄✄✆✠✛✤ ❡✂ ✡✄✄✆✠ ☛✥t❡✄✥✡✂✤ ✄☎❡✄ ✏ ☎❡✑✆ ✛✥✂✚✆ ☛✡✕✂✓ ✄✡
✦✆ ✛☎❡✠✆✓ ✦✙ ✜✡✛✄ ✡✄☎✆✠ ✢✆✡✢✒✆✤ ✞☎✡ ☎❡✑✆ ✆✑✆✠ fixation
a very strong
✡✞✂✆✓ ✡✂✆✗ attachment or feeling
❚☎✆ ✚✠✆❡✄✕✠✆ ✄☎❡✄ ✆✜✆✠✣✆✓ ☛✠✡✜ ✄☎✥✛ ✛❡✚❧ ✡✂ ✄✡
medievally-
✄☎✆ ✛✢❡✚✥✡✕✛ ✄✥✒✆✓ ☛✒✡✡✠ ✡☛ ✄☎✆ ❈✡✂✛✕✒❡✄✆ ✦✆✓✠✡✡✜ conceived
✠✆✛✆✜✦✒✆✓ ✜✡✛✄ ✡☛ ❡✒✒ ❡ ✑✆✠✙ ✛✜❡✒✒✤ ✜✆✓✥✆✑❡✒✒✙★ an imagination of
✚✡✂✚✆✥✑✆✓✤ ✓✠❡✣✡✂✗ ✬✠✡✜ ✄☎✆ ☎✆❡✓ ✄✡ ✄☎✆ ✄✥✢ ✡☛ ✄☎✆ the Middle Ages
t ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✞✟ t☎✠ ✆✁t✄ ✝✡☛☛☎t☞✁✞ ✂ ✌✟✁✍t☎✠ ✝✞ ✂☎✝
✟♦ ☛✎✠ ☞☛✟✎☞✱ ✏☎t✆☎☎✍ ✆✄✟✝☎ t✁✌✝ ✆ ✝ ✑✁✝✁✏✂☎
✝✟♦t ✑☎✂✑☎t ♦✎☞ ✂✁s☎ t✄ t ✟♦ ✞✄✟✞✟✂ t☎✒✏☞✟✆✍ ☛✟✂☎✓
❍☎ ✝✄✟✟s ✄✁☛✝☎✂♦✱ ✍✠ ✔ ✄ ✂♦ ☎✕✌☎✞t☎✠ ✞✂✟✎✠ ✟♦
✠✎✝t✱ ✏✎t ✁✍ ♦ ✞t ✁t ✆ ✝ ✍✟t ♦✟☞ ✍✟t✄☎☞ ☛✟✍t✄ t✄ t ✔
☛ ✍ ♠☎✠ t✟ ☞☎☛✟✑☎ t✄☎ ✂ ✝t ✟♦ t✄☎ ☛✎✠ ✍✠ ✝☎☎ t✄☎
✟tt☎☞✱ ✝ ✁t ✆☎☞☎✱ ✁✍ ✄✁✝ t☞✎☎ ✞✟✂✟✎☞✝✓
▼✁✖✏✁✂✱ ✝ ✔ ✞ ✂✂☎✠ t✄☎ ✟tt☎☞✱ ✆ ✝✱ ✁✍ ♦ ✞t✱ ✟♦
☞ ✞☎ ✌☞☎✑✁✟✎✝✂✡ ✎✍s✍✟✆✍ t✟ ✝✞✁☎✍✞☎✱ ✍✠ ✆ ✝ t
✂☎✍♠t✄ ✞✄☞✁✝t☎✍☎✠ ✏✡ ❧✟✟✂✟♠✁✝t✝ ▲✗✘✙✚✛✜✢✣ ✤✣✙✥✤✦✧✦✢✢✜✘✜ christened
★✜✩✪✣✢✢✦✫ ✟☞ ▼ ✕✆☎✂✂✬✝ ✟tt☎☞✓ ✳✟☞ t✄☎ ♦✁☞✝t t✆☎✍t✡✒ named
♦✟✎☞ ✄✟✎☞✝ ▼✁✖✏✁✂ ✆ ✝ ✍☎✁t✄☎☞ ✄✟✝t✁✂☎ ✍✟☞ ♦☞✁☎✍✠✂✡❢ hostile
✄☎ ✆ ✝ ✝✁☛✌✂✡ ✂✟✟♦ ✍✠ ✁✍✠✁♦♦☎☞☎✍t✱ ✞✄✟✟✝✁✍♠ t✟ unfriendly
✝✂☎☎✌ ✟✍ t✄☎ ♦✂✟✟☞ ✝ ♦ ☞ ♦☞✟☛ ☛✡ ✏☎✠ ✝ ✌✟✝✝✁✏✂☎✓ aloof and
❚✄☎ ✝☎✞✟✍✠ ✍✁♠✄t ▼✁✖✏✁✂ ✞ ☛☎ ✟✍ t✟ ☛✡ ✏☎✠ ✁✍ t✄☎ indifferent
✝☛ ✂✂ ✄✟✎☞✝ ✍✠ ☞☎☛ ✁✍☎✠ ✝✂☎☎✌ ✁✍ t✄☎ ✞☞✟✟s ✟♦ keeping a distance
☛✡ s✍☎☎✝ ✎✍t✁✂ t✄☎ ✝☎☞✑ ✍t ✏☞✟✎♠✄t t☎ ✁✍ t✄☎
☛✟☞✍✁✍♠✱ ✍✠ ✠✎☞✁✍♠ t✄☎ ✠ ✡ ✄☎ ✏☎♠ ✍ t✟ ✂✟✝☎ ✄✁✝
✌ t✄✡ ✍✠ t s☎ s☎☎✍✱ ☛✎✞✄ t✟✟ s☎☎✍✱ ✁✍t☎☞☎✝t ✁✍ apathy
✄✁✝ ✝✎☞☞✟✎✍✠✁✍♠✝✓ ✔ ☛ ✠☎ ✏✟✠✡✒✏☎✂t ♦✟☞ ✄✁☛ ✍✠ absence of interest
t✟✟s ✄✁☛ ✟✍ ✂☎ ✠ t✟ t✄☎ ✏ t✄☞✟✟☛✱ ✆✄☎☞☎ ♦✟☞ ✄ ✂♦ 105
✍ ✄✟✎☞ ✄☎ ✆☎✍t ✆✁✂✠ ✆✁t✄ ✖✟✡ ✁✍ t✄☎ ✆ t☎☞✱ ✌✂✎✍♠✁✍♠
✍✠ ☞✟✂✂✁✍♠ ✁✍ ✁t✱ ✝✄✟✟t✁✍♠ ✎✌ ✍✠ ✠✟✆✍ t✄☎ ✂☎✍♠t✄
✟♦ t✄☎ ✏ t✄t✎✏ ✎✍✠☎☞✆ t☎☞✱ ✍✠ ☛ s✁✍♠ ☎✍✟✎♠✄ ✝✂✟✝✄
✍✠ ✝✌✂ ✝✄ ♦✟☞ ✄✁✌✌✟✓ ❚✄✁✝✱ ✔ ✆ ✝ t✟ ✂☎ ☞✍✱ ✁✝
✞✄ ☞ ✞t☎☞✁✝t✁✞ ✟♦ ✟tt☎☞✝❢ ☎✑☎☞✡ ✠☞✟✌ ✟♦ ✆ t☎☞ ☛✎✝t
✏☎✱ ✝✟ t✟ ✝✌☎ s✱ ☎✕t☎✍✠☎✠ ✍✠ ✝✌☞☎ ✠ ✏✟✎t t✄☎ so to speak

Mijbil the Otter

✌✂ ✞☎❢ ✏✟✆✂ ☛✎✝t t ✟✍✞☎ ✏☎ ✟✑☎☞t✎☞✍☎✠✱ ✟☞✱ ✁♦ ✁t as it were (one could
✆✁✂✂ ✍✟t ✏☎ ✟✑☎☞t✎☞✍☎✠✱ ✏☎ ✝ t ✁✍ ✍✠ ✝✌✂✟✝✄☎✠ ✁✍ say this)
✎✍t✁✂ ✁t ✟✑☎☞♦✂✟✆✝✓ ✭ t☎☞ ☛✎✝t ✏☎ s☎✌t ✟✍ t✄☎ ☛✟✑☎ provoking
✍✠ ☛ ✠☎ t✟ ✠✟ t✄✁✍♠✝❢ ✆✄☎✍ ✝t t✁✞ ✁t ✁✝ ✆ ✝t☎✠ causing anger or
✍✠ ✌☞✟✑✟s✁✍♠✓ some other reaction
 ❚ ✁ ✂✄☎✆ ✝✄✞✟✠✱ ✡☛☞✌☛✝ ✟✆✍✄✎✟✂ ✏✠✁♦ ♦☎ ✌✟✂✠✁✁♦
✄✆ ❛ ✟✑✞✟✠✟✂ ☛✞✱ ✄✑✂ ❛ ✞✒✠✑✟✂ ✞✁ ✆✟✟ ✓☛✆ ✞✄☛✝
✂☛✆✄✎✎✟✄✠☛✑❞ ✠✁✒✑✂ ✞✓✟ ✌✟✑✂ ✁✏ ✞✓✟ ✍✁✠✠☛✂✁✠ ✞✓✄✞
✝✟✂ ✞✁ ✞✓✟ ✌✄✞✓✠✁✁♦❧ ✔☎ ✞✓✟ ✞☛♦✟ ❛ ❞✁✞ ✞✓✟✠✟ ✓✟ ✄✆
✒✎ ✁✑ ✞✓✟ ✟✑✂ ✁✏ ✞✓✟ ✌✄✞✓✞✒✌ ✄✑✂ ✏✒♦✌✝☛✑❞ ✄✞ ✞✓✟ fumbling
✍✓✠✁♦☛✒♦ ✞✄✎✆ ☛✞✓ ✓☛✆ ✎✄ ✆❧ ❛ ✄✞✍✓✟✂✱ ✄♦✄❝✟✂✕ trying to do
☛✑ ✝✟✆✆ ✞✓✄✑ ✄ ♦☛✑✒✞✟ ✓✟ ✓✄✂ ✞✒✠✑✟✂ ✞✓✟ ✞✄✎ ✏✄✠ something in a

✟✑✁✒❞✓ ✞✁ ✎✠✁✂✒✍✟ ✄ ✞✠☛✍✖✝✟ ✁✏ ✄✞✟✠✱ ✄✑✂ ✄✏✞✟✠ ✄ clumsy manner

♦✁♦✟✑✞ ✁✠ ✞ ✁ ✄✍✓☛✟♠✟✂ ✞✓✟ ✏✒✝✝ ✏✝✁ ❧ ✗✘✟ ✓✄✂ ✌✟✟✑

✝✒✍✖☎ ✞✁ ✞✒✠✑ ✞✓✟ ✞✄✎ ✞✓✟ ✠☛❞✓✞ ✄☎✕ ✁✑ ✝✄✞✟✠
✁✍✍✄✆☛✁✑✆ ✓✟ ✁✒✝✂ ✆✁♦✟✞☛♦✟✆ ✆✍✠✟ ☛✞ ✒✎ ✆✞☛✝✝
✞☛❞✓✞✟✠✱ ✍✓☛✞✞✟✠☛✑❞ ☛✞✓ ☛✠✠☛✞✄✞☛✁✑ ✄✑✂ ✂☛✆✄✎✎✁☛✑✞♦✟✑✞
✄✞ ✞✓✟ ✞✄✎✙✆ ✏✄☛✝✒✠✟ ✞✁ ✍✁✁✎✟✠✄✞✟❧✚
❱✟✠☎ ✆✁✁✑ ✡☛☞ ✁✒✝✂ ✏✁✝✝✁ ♦✟ ☛✞✓✁✒✞ ✄ ✝✟✄✂
✄✑✂ ✍✁♦✟ ✞✁ ♦✟ ✓✟✑ ❛ ✍✄✝✝✟✂ ✓☛✆ ✑✄♦✟❧ ✘✟ ✆✎✟✑✞
♦✁✆✞ ✁✏ ✓☛✆ ✞☛♦✟ ☛✑ ✎✝✄☎❧ ✘✟ ✆✎✟✑✞ ✓✁✒✠✆ ✆✓✒✏✏✝☛✑❞ ✄
✠✒✌✌✟✠ ✌✄✝✝ ✠✁✒✑✂ ✞✓✟ ✠✁✁♦ ✝☛✖✟ ✄ ✏✁✒✠✲✏✁✁✞✟✂ ✆✁✍✍✟✠
✎✝✄☎✟✠ ✒✆☛✑❞ ✄✝✝ ✏✁✒✠ ✏✟✟✞ ✞✁ ✂✠☛✌✌✝✟ ✞✓✟ ✌✄✝✝✱ ✄✑✂ ✓✟
First Flight

✍✁✒✝✂ ✄✝✆✁ ✞✓✠✁ ☛✞✱ ☛✞✓ ✄ ✎✁ ✟✠✏✒✝ ✏✝☛✍✖ ✁✏ ✞✓✟ flick

✑✟✍✖✱ ✞✁ ✄ ✆✒✠✎✠☛✆☛✑❞ ✓✟☛❞✓✞ ✄✑✂ ✂☛✆✞✄✑✍✟❧ ✔✒✞ ✞✓✟ a quick, light
✠✟✄✝ ✎✝✄☎ ✁✏ ✄✑ ✁✞✞✟✠ ☛✆ ✓✟✑ ✓✟ ✝☛✟✆ ✁✑ ✓☛✆ ✌✄✍✖ movement
✄✑✂ ☞✒❞❞✝✟✆ ☛✞✓ ✆♦✄✝✝ ✁✌☞✟✍✞✆ ✌✟✞ ✟✟✑ ✓☛✆ ✎✄ ✆❧
106 ✡✄✠✌✝✟✆ ✟✠✟ ✡☛☞✙✆ ✏✄♠✁✒✠☛✞✟ ✞✁☎✆ ✏✁✠ ✞✓☛✆ ✎✄✆✞☛♦✟▼
✓✟ ✁✒✝✂ ✝☛✟ ✁✑ ✓☛✆ ✌✄✍✖ ✠✁✝✝☛✑❞ ✞ ✁ ✁✠ ♦✁✠✟ ✁✏ ✞✓✟♦
✒✎ ✄✑✂ ✂✁ ✑ ✓☛✆ ☛✂✟✱ ✏✝✄✞ ✌✟✝✝☎ ☛✞✓✁✒✞ ✟♠✟✠
✂✠✁✎✎☛✑❞ ✁✑✟ ✞✁ ✞✓✟ ✏✝✁✁✠❧
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲✛✜✢ ✣✤✥✦✤✧★✩✤✪✢✫ ✬★✬ ✭✜✥✮✤✯✯ ✢✛★✪✰ ✴✜✩✵✷✸✤✜✧✪✜ ✮✹✵✯✬ ✺✤
✷✵★✢✜✺✯✤ ✸✹✧s
✻✳ ❲✛✼ ✬✹✤✷ ✛✤ ✽✹ ✢✹ ✾✜✷✧✜s ✿✹✮ ✯✹✪✽ ✬✹✤✷ ✛✤ ✮✜★✢ ✢✛✤✧✤❀ ✜✪✬ ✮✛✼s
❁✳ ✿✹✮ ✬✹✤✷ ✛✤ ✽✤✢ ✢✛✤ ✹✢✢✤✧s ❍✹✤✷ ✛✤ ✯★✰✤ ★✢s ❂★❃✰ ✹✵✢ ✢✛✤ ✮✹✧✬✷ ✢✛✜✢ ✢✤✯✯
✼✹✵ ✢✛★✷✳
❄✳ ❲✛✼ ✮✜✷ ✢✛✤ ✹✢✢✤✧ ✪✜✩✤✬ ✣✭✜✥✮✤✯✯✫✷ ✹✢✢✤✧✫s
❅✳ ❆★❃✰ ✢✛✤ ✧★✽✛✢ ✜✪✷✮✤✧✳ ❇✪ ✢✛✤ ✺✤✽★✪✪★✪✽❀ ✢✛✤ ✹✢✢✤✧ ✮✜✷
⑩ ✜✯✹✹✸ ✜✪✬ ★✪✬★✸✸✤✧✤✪✢
⑩ ✸✧★✤✪✬✯✼
⑩ ✛✹✷✢★✯✤
❈✳ ❲✛✜✢ ✛✜✦✦✤✪✤✬ ✮✛✤✪ ✭✜✥✮✤✯✯ ✢✹✹✰ ✭★❉✺★✯ ✢✹ ✢✛✤ ✺✜✢✛✧✹✹✩s ❲✛✜✢ ✬★✬
★✢ ✬✹ ✢✮✹ ✬✜✼✷ ✜✸✢✤✧ ✢✛✜✢s
 ■■■
❚ ✁ ✂✄☎✆ ✝✄✆✆✁✂ ✝✁✄✞✁✟✠✡✡☎ ✄☛ ☞✄✆✌✄✍ ✎✠☛ ✏ ✂✌✁✄✂✁✂ dreaded the
☛ ✁ ✝✌t✆✝✁✞☛ t✟ ☛✌✄✑✆✝t✌☛✒✑✓ ✔✒✕ ☛t ✖✑✓✡✄✑✂✍ ✄✑✂ ☛t prospect
❈✄✗✠✆✟✁✄✌✑✄✘ ❚ ✁ ☞✌✒☛✒✆ ✄✒✌✡✒✑✁ ☛t ✙t✑✂t✑ ✚t✠✡✂ was in great fear of
✑t☛ ✟✡☎ ✄✑✒✗✄✡✆✍ ✆t ✏ ✎tt♥✁✂ ✄ ✟✡✒✓ ☛ ☛t ✛✄✌✒✆ t✑ something that
would happen in the
✄✑t☛ ✁✌ ✄✒✌✡✒✑✁✍ ✄✑✂ ✟✌t✗ ☛ ✁✌✁ ☛t ✙t✑✂t✑✘ ❚ ✁ future
✄✒✌✡✒✑✁ ✒✑✆✒✆☛✁✂ ☛ ✄☛ ✔✒✕ ✆ t✠✡✂ ✎✁ ✝✄✞♥✁✂ ✒✑☛t ✄
✎t❜ ✑t☛ ✗t✌✁ ☛ ✄✑ ✁✒✓ ☛✁✁✑ ✒✑✞ ✁✆ ✆✜✠✄✌✁✍ ☛t ✎✁
✞✄✌✌✒✁✂ t✑ ☛ ✁ ✟✡tt✌ ✄☛ ✗☎ ✟✁✁☛✘ ✏ ✄✂ ✄ ✎t❜ ✗✄✂✁✍
✄✑✂ ✄✑ t✠✌ ✎✁✟t✌✁ ✚✁ ✆☛✄✌☛✁✂✍ ✏ ✝✠☛ ✔✒✕ ✒✑☛t ☛ ✁
✎t❜ ✆t ☛ ✄☛ ✁ ✚t✠✡✂ ✎✁✞t✗✁ ✄✞✞✠✆☛t✗✁✂ ☛t ✒☛✍ ✄✑✂
✡✁✟☛ ✟t✌ ✄ ✠✌✌✒✁✂ ✗✁✄✡✘
❲ ✁✑ ✏ ✌✁☛✠✌✑✁✂✍ ☛ ✁✌✁ ✚✄✆ ✄✑ ✄✝✝✄✡✡✒✑✓ an appalling
✆✝✁✞☛✄✞✡✁✘ ❚ ✁✌✁ ✚✄✆ ✞t✗✝✡✁☛✁ ✆✒✡✁✑✞✁ ✟✌t✗ ☛ ✁ ✎t❜✍ spectacle
✎✠☛ ✟✌t✗ ✒☛✆ ✄✒✌ t✡✁✆ ✄✑✂ ✞ ✒✑♥✆ ✄✌t✠✑✂ ☛ ✁ ✡✒✂✍ a shocking scene

✎✡tt✂ ✄✂ ☛✌✒✞♥✡✁✂ ✄✑✂ ✂✌✒✁✂✘ ✏ ✚ ✒✝✝✁✂ t✟✟ ☛ ✁ ✡t✞♥ whipped off

✄✑✂ ☛t✌✁ t✝✁✑ ☛ ✁ ✡✒✂✍ ✄✑✂ ✔✒✕✍ ✁❜ ✄✠✆☛✁✂ ✄✑✂ ✎✡tt✂❛ quickly took off
✆✝✄☛☛✁✌✁✂✍ ✚ ✒✗✝✁✌✁✂ ✄✑✂ ✞✄✠✓ ☛ ✄☛ ✗☎ ✡✁✓✘ s✁ ✄✂
☛t✌✑ ☛ ✁ ✡✒✑✒✑✓ t✟ ☛ ✁ ✎t❜ ☛t ✆ ✌✁✂✆✢ ✚ ✁✑ ✏ ✌✁✗t✣✁✂
☛ ✁ ✡✄✆☛ t✟ ✒☛ ✆t ☛ ✄☛ ☛ ✁✌✁ ✚✁✌✁ ✑t ✞✠☛☛✒✑✓ ✁✂✓✁✆ 107
✡✁✟☛✍ ✒☛ ✚✄✆ ✕✠✆☛ ☛✁✑ ✗✒✑✠☛✁✆ ✠✑☛✒✡ ☛ ✁ ☛✒✗✁ t✟ ☛ ✁
✟✡✒✓ ☛✍ ✄✑✂ ☛ ✁ ✄✒✌✝t✌☛ ✚✄✆ ✟✒✣✁ ✗✒✡✁✆ ✂✒✆☛✄✑☛✘ ✏ ✝✠☛
☛ ✁ ✗✒✆✁✌✄✎✡✁ ✔✒✕ ✎✄✞♥ ✒✑☛t ☛ ✁ ✎t❜✍ t✡✂✒✑✓ ✂t✚✑
☛ ✁ ✡✒✂ ✚✒☛ ✗☎ ✄✑✂✘
✏ ✆✄☛ ✒✑ ☛ ✁ ✎✄✞♥ t✟ ☛ ✁ ✞✄✌ ✚✒☛ ☛ ✁ ✎t❜ ✎✁✆✒✂✁
✗✁ ✄✆ ☛ ✁ ✂✌✒✣✁✌ ☛t✌✁ ☛ ✌t✠✓ ☛ ✁ ✆☛✌✁✁☛✆ t✟ ☞✄✆✌✄
✡✒♥✁ ✄ ✌✒✞t✞ ✁☛☛✒✑✓ ✎✠✡✡✁☛✘ ❚ ✁ ✄✒✌✞✌✄✟☛ ✚✄✆ ✚✄✒☛✒✑✓

Mijbil the Otter

ricochetting bullet
☛t ☛✄♥✁ t✟✟✢ ✏ ✚✄✆ ✌✠✆ ✁✂ ☛ ✌t✠✓ ☛t ✒☛ ✎☎ ✒✑✟✠✌✒✄☛✁✂ a bullet which
t✟✟✒✞✒✄✡✆✘ ✙✠✞♥✒✡☎✍ ☛ ✁ ✆✁✄☛ ✎tt♥✁✂ ✟t✌ ✗✁ ✚✄✆ ✄☛ changes direction
after hitting a surface
☛ ✁ ✁❜☛✌✁✗✁ ✟✌t✑☛✘ ✏ ✞t✣✁✌✁✂ ☛ ✁ ✟✡tt✌ ✄✌t✠✑✂ ✗☎
✟✁✁☛ ✚✒☛ ✑✁✚✆✝✄✝✁✌✆✍ ✌✄✑✓ ✟t✌ ☛ ✁ ✄✒✌ t✆☛✁✆✆✍ infuriated
very angry
✄✑✂ ✓✄✣✁ ✁✌ ✄ ✝✄✌✞✁✡ t✟ ✟✒✆ ✤✟t✌ ✔✒✕✥ ☛t ♥✁✁✝ ✒✑ ✄
✞tt✡ ✝✡✄✞✁✘ ✏ ☛tt♥ ✁✌ ✒✑☛t ✗☎ ✞t✑✟✒✂✁✑✞✁ ✄✎t✠☛ ☛ ✁ took her into my
✁✣✁✑☛✆ t✟ ☛ ✁ ✡✄✆☛ ✄✡✟ t✠✌✘ ✏ ✄✣✁ ✌✁☛✄✒✑✁✂ ☛ ✁ confidence
✗t✆☛ ✝✌t✟t✠✑✂ ✄✂✗✒✌✄☛✒t✑ ✟t✌ ☛ ✄☛ ✄✒✌ t✆☛✁✆✆✢ ✆ ✁ here, shared with
her my experiences
✚✄✆ ☛ ✁ ✣✁✌☎ ✜✠✁✁✑ t✟ ✁✌ ♥✒✑✂✘ ✇ ✁ ✆✠✓✓✁✆☛✁✂ or secrets
☛ ✄☛ ✏ ✗✒✓ ☛ ✝✌✁✟✁✌ ☛t ✄✣✁ ✗☎ ✝✁☛ t✑ ✗☎ ♥✑✁✁✍ ✄✑✂
✏ ✞t✠✡✂ ✄✣✁ ♥✒✆✆✁✂ ✁✌ ✄✑✂ ✒✑ ☛ ✁ ✂✁✝☛ t✟ ✗☎
✓✌✄☛✒☛✠✂✁✘ ☞✠☛✍ ✑t☛ ♥✑t✚✒✑✓ t☛☛✁✌✆✍ ✏ ✚✄✆ ✜✠✒☛✁
✠✑✝✌✁✝✄✌✁✂ ✟t✌ ✚ ✄☛ ✟t✡✡t✚✁✂✘
First Flight

▼ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✆✝✞ ✆✟ ✞✠✡ ☛✆☞ ✌ ✄ ✟✍✄☎✠✎ ✏✡ ✑ ☎✄✒✒✡✄✓✡✑

108 ✄✞ ✠ ❛✠ ☎✒✡✡✑ ✑✆✂✌ ✞✠✡ ✄ ✓✔✓✄✟✞✎ ✕✠✡✓✡ ✂✡✓✡ ☎✖✝✄✂✗☎

✄✌✑ ☎✠✓ ✡✗☎✘ ✄✌✑ ✄ ✂✆✙✄✌ ☎✞✆✆✑ ✝✒ ✆✌ ✠✡✓ ☎✡✄✞

☎✔✓✡✄✙ ✌❛ ✆✝✞✘ s✚ ✓✄✞✛ ✚ ✓✄✞✛✜ ✢ ✔✄✝❛✠✞ ☎ ❛✠✞ ✆✟ ▼ ✁✣☎

✞✄ ✍ ✑ ☎✄✒✒✡✄✓ ✌❛ ☛✡✌✡✄✞✠ ✞✠✡ ✍✡❛☎ ✆✟ ✄ ✒✆✓✞✍t ✂✠ ✞✡✇ portly

✞✝✓☛✄✌✡✑ ✢✌✑ ✄✌✎ ✤ ✥ ✌❛ ✟✆✓ ✞✘ ✢ ✙ ☎☎✡✑✘ ☛✝✞ ✟✆✝✌✑ stout
✙t ✟✄✔✡ ✔✆✥✡✓✡✑ ✌ ✔✝✓✓t✎ s♠✡✓✠✄✒☎✘✜ ☎✄ ✑ ✞✠✡ ✄ ✓
✠✆☎✞✡☎☎ ✂ ✞✠ ✞✠✡ ✙✆☎✞ ✔✠✄✓✙ ✌❛ ☎✙ ✍✡✘ s ✞ ✂✆✝✍✑ ☛✡

☛✡✞✞✡✓ ✟ t✆✝ ✓✡☎✝✙✡✑ t✆✝✓ ☎✡✄✞✘ ✄✌✑ ✢ ✂ ✍✍ ✟ ✌✑ ✞✠✡

✄✌ ✙✄✍ ✄✌✑ ☛✓ ✌❛ ✞ ✞✆ t✆✝✎✜

✢ ✓✡✞✝✓✌✡✑ ✞✆ ✙t ☎✡✄✞✎ ✢ ✂✄☎ ✔✓✄✌ ✌❛ ✙t ✌✡✔✗ bounded on to

✞✓t ✌❛ ✞✆ ✟✆✍✍✆✂ ✞✠✡ ✠✝✌✞ ✂✠✡✌ ☎✝✑✑✡✌✍t ✢ ✠✡✄✓✑ climbed up quickly
✟✓✆✙ ✙t ✟✡✡✞ ✄ ✑ ☎✞✓✡☎☎✡✑ ✔✠ ✞✞✡✓ ✆✟ ✓✡✔✆❛✌ ✞ ✆✌ ✄✌✑
nuzzle
✂✡✍✔✆✙✡✘ ✄✌✑ ▼ ✁ ☛✆✝✌✑✡✑ ✆✌ ✞✆ ✙t ✗✌✡✡ ✄✌✑ ☛✡❛✄✌ to rub gently with
✞✆ ✌✝✦✦✍✡ ✙t ✟✄✔✡ ✄✌✑ ✙t ✌✡✔✗✎ the nose

Oral Comprehension Check

✶✳ ❍✧★ ★✩✪ ✫✬✭ ✮✧ ✯✰ ✮✱✩✲✪✴✧✱✮✰✵ ✮✧ ✷✲✸✹✩✲✵✺

✻✳ ❲✼✩✮ ✵✬✵ ✫✬✭ ✵✧ ✮✧ ✮✼✰ ✯✧✽✺

 ✸✳ ❲ ✁ ✂✄✂ ☎✆✝✞✟✠✠ ✡☛☞ ☞ ✟ ✌☞☞✟✍ ✎✆✏✑ ✄✒ ☞ ✟ ✎✌✝✓ ✔✌✞ ✂✌ ✁✌☛ ☞ ✄✒✑ ✟
❢✟✠☞ ✞ ✟✒ ✟ ✂✄✂ ☞ ✄✕✓
✹✳ ❲ ✁ ✂✌✟✕ ☎✆✝✞✟✠✠ ✕✆✁ ☞ ✟ ✆✄✍ ✌✕☞✟✕✕ ✞✆✕ ✖☞ ✟ ✗✟✍✁ ✘☛✟✟✒ ✌❢ ✟✍ ✑✄✒✂✙✓
✺✳ ❲ ✆☞ ✆✡✡✟✒✟✂ ✞ ✟✒ ☞ ✟ ✎✌✝ ✞✆✕ ✌✡✟✒✟✂✓

■✚
❆❢☞✟✍ ✆✒ ✟✗✟✒☞❢☛✠ ✛✌☛✍✒✟✁✜ ☎✆✝✞✟✠✠ ✆✒✂ ✄✕ ✌☞☞✟✍ ✍✟✆✏ ✢✌✒✂✌✒✜ ✞ ✟✍✟
✟ ✆✕ ✆ ❢✠✆☞✣
▼✤✥ ✦✧★ ✩ ✪✫✬✦✤✧✫★ ✤✧ ✭✮✧★✮✧ ✯✮✪ ✧✫✦✪✰✱ ✦ ✬✮✧✲✴✵
❍✫ ✶✮✷✰★ ✻✰✦✱ ✯✮✪ ✴✮✷✪✼ ✶✤✲✴ ✦ ✼✫✰✫✽✲✤✮✧ ✮✯ ✲✮✱✼✾
✻✤✧♣✿✻✮✧♣ ❀✦✰✰✼✾ ✬✦✪❀✰✫✼✾ ✪✷❀❀✫✪ ✯✪✷✤✲✾ ✦✧★ ✦
✲✫✪✪✦✻✤✧ ✼✴✫✰✰ ✲✴✦✲ ✩ ✴✦★ ❀✪✮✷♣✴✲ ❀✦✽t ✯✪✮✬ ✴✤✼ ✧✦✲✤❁✫ terrapin shell
✬✦✪✼✴✫✼✵ ♠✤✲✴ ✲✴✫ ✻✤✧♣✿✻✮✧♣ ❀✦✰✰ ✴✫ ✤✧❁✫✧✲✫★ ✦ the shell of small
♣✦✬✫ ✮✯ ✴✤✼ ✮✶✧ ✶✴✤✽✴ ✽✮✷✰★ t✫✫✻ ✴✤✬ ✫✧♣✪✮✼✼✫★ turtle found in North
America
✯✮✪ ✷✻ ✲✮ ✴✦✰✯ ✦✧ ✴✮✷✪ ✦✲ ✦ ✲✤✬✫✵ ❂ ✼✷✤✲✽✦✼✫ ✲✴✦✲ ✩
✴✦★ ✲✦t✫✧ ✲✮ ✩✪✦❤ ✴✦★ ❀✫✽✮✬✫ ★✦✬✦♣✫★ ✮✧ ✲✴✫ engrossed
completely
✥✮✷✪✧✫✱ ✴✮✬✫✾ ✼✮ ✲ ✴✦✲ ✲✴✫ ✰✤★✾ ✶✴✫✧ ✽✰✮✼✫★✾ interested in
✪✫✬✦✤✧✫★ ✦✲ ✦ ✼✰✮✻✫ ✯✪✮✬ ✮✧✫ ✫✧★ ✲✮ ✲✴✫ ✮✲✴✫✪✵ ▼✤✥
★✤✼✽✮❁✫✪✫★ ✲✴✦✲ ✤✯ ✴✫ ✻✰✦✽✫★ ✲✴✫ ❀✦✰✰ ✮✧ ✲✴✫ ✴✤♣✴
109
✫✧★ ✤✲ ✶✮✷✰★ ✪✷✧ ★✮✶✧ ✲✴✫ ✰✫✧♣✲✴ ✮✯ ✲✴✫ ✼✷✤✲✽✦✼✫✵
❍✫ ✶✮✷✰★ ★✦✼✴ ✦✪✮✷✧★ ✲✮ ✲✴✫ ✮✲✴✫✪ ✫✧★ ✲✮ ✦✬❀✷✼✴ ambush
✤✲✼ ✦✪✪✤❁✦✰✾ ✴✤★✫ ✯✪✮✬ ✤✲✾ ✽✪✮✷✽✴✤✧♣✾ ✲✮ ✼✻✪✤✧♣ ✷✻ to attack suddenly
✦✧★ ✲✦t✫ ✤✲ ❀✱ ✼✷✪✻✪✤✼✫✾ ♣✪✦❀ ✤✲ ✦✧★ ✲✪✮✲ ✮✯✯ ✶✤✲✴ ✤✲ from a hidden
position
✲✮ ✲✴✫ ✴✤♣✴ ✫✧★ ✮✧✽✫ ✬✮✪✫✵
❖✷✲✼✤★✫ ✲✴✫ ✴✮✷✼✫ ✩ ✫❃✫✪✽✤✼✫★ ✴✤✬ ✮✧ ✦ ✰✫✦★✾
✻✪✫✽✤✼✫✰✱ ✦✼ ✤✯ ✴✫ ✴✦★ ❀✫✫✧ ✦ ★✮♣✵ ▼✤✥ ❤✷✤✽t✰✱ ★✫❁✫✰✮✻✫★

Mijbil the Otter

✽✫✪✲✦✤✧ ✽✮✬✻✷✰✼✤❁✫ ✴✦❀✤✲✼ ✮✧ ✲✴✫✼✫ ✶✦✰t✼ ✤✧ ✲✴✫ compulsive habits
✭✮✧★✮✧ ✼✲✪✫✫✲✼✾ ✰✤t✫ ✲✴✫ ✪✤✲✷✦✰✼ ✮✯ ✽✴✤✰★✪✫✧ ✶✴✮ ✮✧ habits impossible to
control
✲✴✫✤✪ ✶✦✱ ✲✮ ✦✧★ ✯✪✮✬ ✼✽✴✮✮✰ ✬✷✼✲ ✻✰✦✽✫ ✲✴✫✤✪ ✯✫✫✲
✼❤✷✦✪✫✰✱ ✮✧ ✲✴✫ ✽✫✧✲✪✫ ✮✯ ✫✦✽✴ ✻✦❁✤✧♣ ❀✰✮✽ts ✬✷✼✲
✲✮✷✽✴ ✫❁✫✪✱ ✼✫❁✫✧✲✴ ✷✻✪✤♣✴✲ ✮✯ ✲✴✫ ✤✪✮✧ ✪✦✤✰✤✧♣✼✾ ✮✪ upright
✻✦✼✼ ✲✮ ✲✴✫ ✮✷✲✼✤★✫ ✮✯ ✫❁✫✪✱ ✼✫✽✮✧★ ✰✦✬✻ ✻✮✼✲✵ ❖✻✻✮✼✤✲✫ (here) post or rod
placed straight up
✲✮ ✬✱ ✯✰✦✲ ✶✦✼ ✦ ✼✤✧♣✰✫✿✼✲✮✪✤✫★ ✻✪✤✬✦✪✱ ✼✽✴✮✮✰✾ ✦✰✮✧♣
✶✴✮✼✫ ✯✪✮✧✲✦♣✫ ✪✦✧ ✦ ✰✮✶ ✶✦✰✰ ✼✮✬✫ ✲✶✮ ✯✫✫✲ ✴✤♣✴✵ ❖✧
✴✤✼ ✶✦✱ ✴✮✬✫✾ ❀✷✲ ✧✫❁✫✪ ✮✧ ✴✤✼ ✶✦✱ ✮✷✲✾ ▼✤✥ ✶✮✷✰★ distraction
something that
✲✷♣ ✬✫ ✲✮ ✲✴✤✼ ✶✦✰✰✾ ✥✷✬✻ ✮✧ ✲✮ ✤✲✾ ✦✧★ ♣✦✰✰✮✻ ✲✴✫ ✯✷✰✰ takes away one’s
✰✫✧♣✲✴ ✮✯ ✤✲✼ ✲✴✤✪✲✱ ✱✦✪★✼✾ ✲✮ ✲✴✫ ✴✮✻✫✰✫✼✼ ★✤✼✲✪✦✽✲✤✮✧ attention from what
❀✮✲✴ ✮✯ ✻✷✻✤✰✼ ✦✧★ ✮✯ ✼✲✦✯✯ ✶✤✲✴✤✧✵ one is doing
 ■ ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆ ■ ✂✝✞✞☎✂✟✆ ✁✄ ✠✄✡ ☛✠✡ ✂ ☞✠✄✌✟ ✍✠ ✍✟
✠❛✟☞✠✌✟ ✎☎✄✏☎✄✟☞ ✂✍☎✝✑✏ ✄☎ ☞✟❡☎✌✄✁✂✟ ✠✄ ☎ ✟☞✆ ✱✝
✍✟ ❛✠☞✁✟ ✡ ☎t ✌✝✟✂✂✟✂ ✠✂ ☎ ☛✍✠ ✒✁✄✏ ☎t ✠✄✁✓✠✑ ✍✁✂
✓✁✌✍ ✱✟ ❡✠✓✟ ✠✂ ✠ ✂✝☞✞☞✁✂✟ ☎ ✓✟♠ ✔ ✟☞✂ ✱✟✑☎✄✌ ☎
✠ ❡☎✓✞✠☞✠ ✁❛✟✑ ✡ ✂✓✠✑✑ ✌☞☎✝✞ ☎t ✠✄✁✓✠✑ ✂ ❡✠✑✑✟✏
▼✝✂ ✟✑✑✁✄✟✂✆ ✂✍✠☞✟✏ ✱✡ ✍✟ ✱✠✏✌✟☞✆ ✓☎✄✌☎☎✂✟✆ ☛✟✠✂✟✑✆
✂ ☎✠ ✆ ✓✁✄✒ ✠✄✏ ☎ ✍✟☞✂♠ ■ t✠❡✟✏ ✠ ❡☎✄ ✁✄✝☎✝✂ ✱✠☞☞✠✌✟ barrage of
☎t ❡☎✄♦✟❡ ✝☞✠✑ ✕✝✟✂ ✁☎✄ ✂ ✍✠ ✂✞☞✠ ✡✟ ✏ ✠✑✑ ✍✟ conjectural
questions
▼✝✂ ✟✑✑✁✄✟✂ ✱✝ ✍✟ ☎ ✟☞✖ ✓☎☞✟ ☞✠✄✏☎✓ ✌✝✟✂✂✟✂ ✍✁
a stream of
☎✄ ✗✠ ✱✠✱✡ ✂✟✠✑✘ ✠✄✏ ✗✠ ✂✕✝✁☞☞✟✑♠✘ ✗■✂ ✍✠ ✠ ☛✠✑☞✝✂✆ questions filled with
✓✁✂ ✟☞✙✘ ☞✟✏✝❡✟✏ ✓✟ ☎ ✌✁✌✌✑✟✂✆ ✠✄✏ ☎✝ ✂✁✏✟ ✠ ✏☎✌ guesses
✂✍☎☛ ■ ✍✟✠☞✏ ✗✠ ✍✁✞✞☎✘♠ ❞ ✱✟✠❛✟☞✆ ✠ ✱✟✠☞ ❡✝✱✆ ✠ ✑✟☎✞✠☞✏
➋ ☎✄✟✆ ✠✞✞✠☞✟✄ ✑✡✆ ✍✠ ✍✠✏ ❡✍✠✄✌✟✏ ✁ ✂ ✂✞☎ ✂ ➋
✠✄✏ ✠ ✗✱☞☎✄ ☎✂✠✝☞✘✖ ▼✁♦ ☛✠✂ ✠✄✡ ✍✁✄✌ ✱✝ ✠✄ ☎ ✟☞♠
❇✝ ✍✟ ✕✝✟✂ ✁☎✄ t☎☞ ☛✍✁❡✍ ■ ✠☛✠☞✏✟✏ ✍✟ ✍✁✌✍✟✂
✂❡☎☞✟ ❡✠✓✟ t☞☎✓ ✠ ✑✠✱☎✝☞✟☞ ✏✁✌✌✁✄✌ ✠ ✍☎✑✟ ✁✄ ✍✟ ✂ ☞✟✟ ♠
■ ☛✠✂ ✂ ✁✑✑ t✠☞ t☞☎✓ ✍✁✓ ☛✍✟✄ ✍✟ ✑✠✁✏ ✏☎☛✄ ✍✁✂ ☎☎✑✆
First Flight

✞✝ ✍✁✂ ✍✠✄✏✂ ☎✄ ✍✁✂ ✍✁✞✂✆ ✠✄✏ ✱✟✌✠✄ ☎ ✂ ✠☞✟♠ ❞✂ ■

✏☞✟☛ ✄✟✠☞✟☞ ■ ✂✠☛ ✍✁✂ ✟✚✞☞✟✂✂✁☎✄ ☎t ✂✝☞✞☞✁✂✟ ✠✄✏
✠tt☞☎✄ ✆ ✠✂ ✍☎✝✌✍ ✍✟ ☛☎✝✑✏ ✍✠❛✟ ✓✟ ✒✄☎☛ ✍✠ ✍✟
☛✠✂ ✄☎ ☎✄✟ ✝✞☎✄ ☛✍☎✓ ☎ ✞✑✠✡ ♦☎✒✟✂♠ ■ ❡✠✓✟ ✠✱☞✟✠✂
☎t ✍✁✓✖ ✍✟ ✂✞✠ ✆ ✌✑✠☞✟✏✆ ✠✄✏ ✍✟✄ ✌☞☎☛✑✟✏ ☎✝ ✆ ✛✜✟☞✟✆
110 ▼✁✂ ✟☞ ✢ ✣✤✥✦ ✧★ ✦✤✥✦ ★✩✪✪✫★✬✭ ✦✫ ✮✬✯✰

Oral Comprehension Check

✶✳ ❲✲✴✵ ✷✴✸✹ ✲✴✺ ✻✼✽ ✼✾✿✹✾✵✹✺❀
❁✳ ❲✲✴✵ ✴❂✹ ❃❄❅✸❆❈❉❊✼✿✹ ✲✴❋✼✵❊●❀ ❲✲✴✵ ✺❅✹❊ ✻✴❍❏✹❉❉ ❊✴❑ ✴❂✹ ✵✲✹
❄❅✸❆❈❉❊✼✿✹ ✲✴❋✼✵❊ ❅❝
▲✼◆ ❊❄✲❅❅❉ ❄✲✼❉✺❂✹✾
▲✼✼◆ ✻✼✽❀
❖✳ ❲✲✴✵ ✷❂❅❈❆ ❅❝ ✴✾✼✸✴❉❊ ✺❅ ❅✵✵✹❂❊ ❋✹❉❅✾✷ ✵❅❀
P✳ ❲✲✴✵ ✷❈✹❊❊✹❊ ✺✼✺ ✵✲✹ ◗❅✾✺❅✾✹❂❊ ✸✴❘✹ ✴❋❅❈✵ ❏✲✴✵ ✻✼✽ ❏✴❊❀

❙❚ ❯❱❳❨ ❨❱❩❬❭❪ ❫❴❵❪ ❜❩❢ ❫❴ ❣❱❩❤❱ ❨❵✐✐ ❥❴❦ ❨❱❳❨ ❱❵ ❩❪ ❳❬ ❩❬❨❵✐✐❩❭❵❬❨❧ ♥♣❩❵❬❫✐❥ ❳❬❫
♥❦❬q✐❴r❩❬❭ ❳❬❩s❳✐ ❣❱❴ ❬❵❵❫❪ ✐❴r❵✉
✈❚ ❯❱❳❨ ❳♣❵ ❪❴s❵ ❴♥ ❨❱❵ ❨❱❩❬❭❪ ❣❵ ❤❴s❵ ❨❴ ✇❬❴❣ ❳①❴❦❨ ❴❨❨❵♣❪ ♥♣❴s ❨❱❩❪ ❨❵②❨✉
③❚ ❯❱❥ ❩❪ ❜❩❢④❪ ❪⑤❵❤❩❵❪ ❬❴❣ ✇❬❴❣❬ ❨❴ ❨❱❵ ❣❴♣✐❫ ❳❪ ❜❳②❣❵✐✐④❪ ❴❨❨❵♣✉
◗✳ ✦✛✧✚✒✍✍ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ✓✘✖✕✤ ✓♣✒✛✢✓ ✩✖✕ ✘✙✒ ✖✘✘✒✕✔ ✦✗✬✳ ❋✒ ✘✒✍✍✓ ✎✓ ✚✙✛✘ ✘✙✒ ✖✘✘✒✕ ✩✒✒✍✓
✛✏✜ ✘✙✗✏✢✓ ✖✏ ✜✗✩✩✒✕✒✏✘ ✖✣✣✛✓✗✖✏✓✳ ❛✗✯✒✏ ✪✒✍✖✚ ✛✕✒ ✓✖♠✒ ✘✙✗✏✑✓ ✘✙✒ ✖✘✘✒✕
✜✖✒✓✳ ❚✖♠♣✍✒✘✒ ✘✙✒ ✣✖✍✎♠✏ ✖✏ ✘✙✒ ✕✗✑✙✘ ✘✖ ✓✛✤ ✚✙✛✘ ✦✛✧✚✒✍✍ ✓✛✤✓ ✛✪✖✎✘
✚✙✛✘ ✦✗✬ ✩✒✒✍✓ ✛✏✜ ✘✙✗✏✢✓✳
❲ ✁✂ ▼✄☎ ❞✆✝✞ ❍✆✟ ▼✄☎ ✠✝✝✡✞ ✆☛ ✂ ✄☞✌✞
♣✍✎✏✑✒✓✔ ✕✖✍✍✓ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ✚✛✘✒✕ ✛✏✜
♠✛✢✒✓ ✘✙✒ ✚✛✘✒✕ ✓♣✍✖✓✙ ✛✏✜ ✓♣✍✛✓✙
❙✣✕✒✚✓ ✘✙✒ ✘✛♣ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ✚✕✖✏✑ ✚✛✤
◆✎✥✥✍✒✓ ✦✛✧✚✒✍✍★✓ ✩✛✣✒ ✛✏✜ ✏✒✣✢ ✗✏
✘✙✒ ✛✒✕✖♣✍✛✏✒

✺✳ ❘✒✛✜ ✘✙✒ ✓✘✖✕✤ ✛✏✜ ✩✗✏✜ ✘✙✒ ✓✒✏✘✒✏✣✒✓ ✚✙✒✕✒ ✦✛✧✚✒✍✍ ✜✒✓✣✕✗✪✒✓ ✙✗✓ ♣✒✘
✖✘✘✒✕✳ ✫✙✒✏ ✣✙✖✖✓✒ ✛✏✜ ✛✕✕✛✏✑✒ ✤✖✎✕ ✓✒✏✘✒✏✣✒✓ ✘✖ ✗✍✍✎✓✘✕✛✘✒ ✘✙✖✓✒ ✓✘✛✘✒♠✒✏✘✓
✪✒✍✖✚ ✘✙✛✘ ✤✖✎ ✘✙✗✏✢ ✛✕✒ ✘✕✎✒✳
✦✛✧✚✒✍✍★✓ ✜✒✓✣✕✗♣✘✗✖✏
✭✗✮ ♠✛✢✒✓ ✦✗✬ ✓✒✒♠ ✛✍♠✖✓✘ ✙✎♠✛✏✔ ✍✗✢✒ ✛ ✓♠✛✍✍ ✪✖✤✳
✭✗✗✮ ✓✙✖✚✓ ✘✙✛✘ ✙✒ ✗✓ ✖✩✘✒✏ ✗✕✕✗✘✛✘✒✜ ✚✗✘✙ ✚✙✛✘ ✦✗✬ ✜✖✒✓✳
✭✗✗✗✮ ✓✙✖✚✓ ✘✙✛✘ ✙✒ ✗✓ ✖✩✘✒✏ ✓✎✕♣✕✗✓✒✜ ✪✤ ✚✙✛✘ ✦✗✬ ✜✖✒✓✳
✭✗✯✮ ✖✩ ✦✗✬★✓ ✛✏✘✗✣✓ ✗✓ ✣✖♠✗✣✛✍✳ 111
✭✯✮ ✓✙✖✚✓ ✘✙✛✘ ✙✒ ✖✪✓✒✕✯✒✓ ✘✙✒ ✛✏✘✗✣✓ ✖✩ ✦✗✬ ✯✒✕✤ ✣✛✕✒✩✎✍✍✤✳
✭✯✗✮ ✓✙✖✚✓ ✘✙✛✘ ✙✒ ✘✙✗✏✢✓ ✦✗✬ ✗✓ ✛ ✯✒✕✤ ✖✕✜✗✏✛✕✤ ✖✘✘✒✕✳
✭✯✗✗✮ ✓✙✖✚✓ ✘✙✛✘ ✙✒ ✘✙✗✏✢✓ ✘✙✒ ✖✘✘✒✕ ✗✓ ✯✒✕✤ ✎✏✎✓✎✛✍✳

Mijbil the Otter

■✳ ❉✰✱✲✴✵✶✵✷✸ ✹ ✻✰✼✰✹✽✰✾ ✿✲✽✵❀✷ ✵✷ ✽❁✰ ❂✹✱✽
✫✖ ✘✛✍✢ ✛✪✖✎✘ ✓✖♠✒✘✙✗✏✑ ✘✙✛✘ ✙✛♣♣✒✏✒✜ ✕✒✑✎✍✛✕✍✤ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ♣✛✓✘✔ ✪✎✘ ✜✖✒✓ ✏✖✘
✙✛♣♣✒✏ ✛✏✤ ✍✖✏✑✒✕✔ ✚✒ ✎✓✒ ✇❃❄❅❆ ✖✕ ❄✉❇❆ ❈❃✳ ❊✖✘✙ ✇❃❄❅❆ ✛✏✜ ❄✉❇❆ ❈❃ ✣✛✏
✜✒✓✣✕✗✪✒ ✕✒♣✒✛✘✒✜ ✛✣✘✗✖✏✓ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ♣✛✓✘✳
✭✛✮ ✦✗✬ ✇❃❄❅❆ ✩✖✍✍✖✚ ♠✒ ✚✗✘✙✖✎✘ ✛ ✍✒✛✜ ✛✏✜ ✣✖♠✒ ✘✖ ♠✒ ✚✙✒✏ ■ ✣✛✍✍✒✜ ✙✗✓
✏✛♠✒✳
✭✪✮ ❋✒ ✇❃❄❅❆ ♣✍✛✤ ✩✖✕ ✙✖✎✕✓ ✚✗✘✙ ✛ ✓✒✍✒✣✘✗✖✏ ✖✩ ✘✖✤✓✳
✭✣✮ ❖✏ ✙✗✓ ✚✛✤ ✙✖♠✒● ✦✗✬ ✇❃❄❅❆ ✘✎✑ ♠✒ ✘✖ ✘✙✗✓ ✚✛✍✍✳
✭✜✮ ❏✙✒✏ ■ ✚✛✓ ✩✗✯✒ ✤✒✛✕✓ ✖✍✜✔ ■ ❄✉❇❆ ❈❃ ✩✖✍✍✖✚ ♠✤ ✪✕✖✘✙✒✕ ✛✍✍ ✖✯✒✕ ✘✙✒
♣✍✛✣✒✳
✭✒✮ ❋✒ ❄✉❇❆ ❈❃ ✘✒✛✓✒ ♠✒ ✚✙✒✏ ✦✖✘✙✒✕ ✚✛✓ ✏✖✘ ✛✕✖✎✏✜✳
✫✖ ✜✒✓✣✕✗✪✒ ✕✒♣✒✛✘✒✜ ✉❈s❈❇✉ ✖✕ ✉❑❈❄s❈❑❃▲✉ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ♣✛✓✘✔ ✙✖✚✒✯✒✕✔ ✚✒ ✎✓✒ ✖✏✍✤
❄✉❇❆ ❈❃P ✭❏✒ ✣✛✏✏✖✘ ✎✓✒ ✇❃❄❅❆ ✩✖✕ ✉❈s❈❇✉ ✖✕ ✉❑❈❄s❈❑❃▲✉ ✗✏ ✘✙✒ ♣✛✓✘✳✮ ❙✖ ✚✒ ✜✖
 ♥ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✇✆✝✞✟ ✠✡✁☛ ☞☎✌✍✄ ✎✡✏☎ ❜✑✱ ❤✒✓✑✱ ❜✑✞✔✑✓✑✱ ☎✁✕✖ ✗ ✏ ✘✁ ✁☛☎ ✙ ✎✎ ✠✡♥✚
✄☎♥✁☎♥✕☎✄✖
✭✘✮ ❲☛☎♥ ✠☎ ✠☎✌☎ ✛ ✂♥✚✱ ✠☎ ✝✉✑✟ ✜✆ ❜✑✞✔✑✓✑ ✁☛☎✌☎ ✠☎✌☎ ✚☛ ✄✁✄ ✡♥ ✄✕☛ ✎✖
✭◆✆✜✑✢ ❜✑✞✔✑✓✑ ✄☛ ✠✄ ✘ ✄✁✘✁☎ ✙ ✥✡♥✣✖✮
✭✍✮ ❚☛✡✌✁✛ ✛☎✘✌✄ ✘✚ ✱ ✥ ✌☎ ✠ ✥☎♥ ✝✉✑✟ ✜✆ ❜✑ ☛ ✂✄☎✠✡☞☎✄ ✁☛✘♥ ♥ ✠✖
✭◆✆✜✑✢ ❜✑ ☛☎✌☎ ✣☎✄✕✌✡✍☎✄ ✘ ✄✡✁✂✘✁✡ ♥✖✮
❋✤✦✧ ★✩✪ ★✫✬✯✪ ✬✪✯✦✰✲ ✧✫✳✪ ✫✴ ✧✫✵✶ ✷✦✤✤✪✷★ ✴✪✵★✪✵✷✪✴ ✫✴ ✶✦✸ ✷✫✵ ✸✴✹✵✺
✰✦✸✯✻ ✫✵✻✼✦✤ ✸✴✪✻ ★✦✲ ✫✴ ✫✽✽✤✦✽✤✹✫★✪✾ ✿❍❀❁❂❃ ❋✹✤✴★ ✻✪✷✹✻✪ ✰✩✪★✩✪✤ ★✩✪
✰✦✤✻✴ ✹✵ ✹★✫✯✹✷✴ ✴✩✦✰ ✫✵ ✫✷★✹✦✵✲ ✦✤ ✫ ✴★✫★✪ ✦✤ ✴✹★✸✫★✹✦✵✲ ✹✵ ★✩✪ ✽✫✴★✾❄
❅✩✪✵ ✫✻✻ ★✰✦ ✦✤ ★✩✤✪✪ ✴✪✵★✪✵✷✪✴ ✦❆ ✶✦✸✤ ✦✰✵ ★✦ ✹★✾

❊✥❇☎✌ ✌ ❈✏✍✘✌ ❜✑ ❉✆●✟ ✆❉ ■✝✉✔❏✒✞ ✑✓✑●✔●❑✉▲

❊☞☎✌✛ ☎☞☎♥✡♥✚ ✠☎ ✠ ✂✎✣ ✜✒t✑ ✞✆●❑ ✇✒✞t✉ ♥ ✁☛☎ ✍☎✘✕☛✖
▼✡✙✁✛ ✛☎✘✌✄ ✘✚ ✱ ☞☎✌✛ ✙☎✠ ❇☎ ❇✎☎ ✆✇● ❏✒♦✉▲
❚✡✎✎ ✁☛☎ ✐❖P◗✄✱ ❘☛✘♥✚☛✘✡ ✂✄☎✣ ✁ ❤✒✓✑ ✓✑♦❙ ✟✔♦✜❙ ✉✜♦✑✑✜✉▲
❯✛ ✂♥✕✎☎ ✉s✑●✟ ❤✔✉ ❤✆✞✔✟✒❙✉ ✍✛ ✁☛☎ ✄☎✘✖
First Flight

❱❱✖ ❳✦✸✵ ❨✦✻✹❆✹✪✤✴

❚ ✣☎✄✕✌✡✍☎ ✌ ✚✡☞☎ ✥ ✌☎ ✡♥✙ ✌✥✘✁✡ ♥ ✘✍ ✂✁ ✘ ♥ ✂♥ ✭ ✌ ✁ ♠❩❬❀❭❪ ✘ ♥ ✂♥✮✱ ✠☎
✂✄☎ ✘✣❫☎✕✁✡☞☎✄ ✌ ✘✣❫☎✕✁✡☞✘✎ ❇☛✌✘✄☎✄✖ ✗ ✏ ✘✁ ✁☛☎✄☎ ☎❴✘✥❇✎☎✄ ✙✌ ✥ ✁☛☎ ✁☎❴✁❵
✭✘✮ ❈♥ ✑■✔●✑●✜✞❙ ✉✝✔✜✒❜✞✑ ✄❇ ✁ ✭✕✮ ❛❙■■✑✜♦✔❏✒✞ s✆✔●✜✑✟ ✄✕✘✎☎✄
112 ✭✍✮ ❝✡✄ ✇✔✟✑❞ ❉✞✒✜ ✍☎✎✎✛ ✭✣✮ ❈ ♦✔❏✆❏❤✑✜✔●❑ ✍✂✎✎☎✁
❡ ✂♥✄ ✕✘♥ ✘✎✄ ✍☎ ✂✄☎✣ ✘✄ ✥ ✣✡✙✡☎✌✄❵
✭✘✮ ❚☛☎ ✟✔●●✑♦ ❇✘✌✁✛
✭✍✮ ❈ ✟✑✉✔❑●✑♦ ✣✌☎✄✄
✭✕✮ ❚☛☎ ❏✒♦ ✏☎✛✄
❲☎ ✕✘♥ ✂✄☎ ✥ ✌☎ ✁☛✘♥ ♥☎ ♥ ✂♥ ✘✄ ✥ ✣✡✙✡☎✌✖ ❢✌ ❇☎✌ ♥ ✂♥✄ ✕✘♥ ✘✎✄ ✍☎ ✂✄☎✣❵
✭✘✮ ❚☛☎ ❣❤♦✔✉✜■✒✉ ✟✔●●✑♦ ❇✘✌✁✛
✭✍✮ ❈ ✉✔✞t ✟✑✉✔❑●✑♦ ✣✌☎✄✄
✭✕✮ ❚☛☎ ❥✒♦✝✜✔ ❏✒♦ ✏☎✛✄
❱♥ ✁☛☎ ☎❴✘✥❇✎☎✄ ✍☎✎ ✠✱ ✁☛☎✌☎ ✡✄ ✘♥ ✘✣❫☎✕✁✡☞✘✎ ❇☛✌✘✄☎ ✡♥ ✙✌ ♥✁ ✙ ✘ ♥ ✂♥ ✥ ✣✡✙✡☎✌❵
✭✘✮ ❚☛☎ ✞✆✓✑✞❙ ❦☛✌✡✄✁✥✘✄ ❇✘✌✁✛
✭✍✮ ❈ ✜♦✑●✟❙ ✄✡✎✏ ✣☎✄✡✚♥☎✌ ✣✌☎✄✄
✭✕✮ ❚☛☎ ❉♦✔❑❤✜❉✝✞✞❙ ✑❧s✑●✉✔✓✑ ❑✆✞✟✑● ❯✘✌✂✁✡ ✕✘✌ ✏☎✛✄
✐✖ ♣✦✦✳ ✫★ ★✩✪✴✪ ✪q✫✧✽✯✪✴ ❆✤✦✧ ★✩✪ ★✪q★✲ ✫✵✻ ✴✫✶ ✰✩✪★✩✪✤ ★✩✪ ✧✦✻✹❆✹✪✤✴
✿✹✵ ✹★✫✯✹✷✴❄ ✫✤✪ ✵✦✸✵✴✲ ✽✤✦✽✪✤ ✵✦✸✵✴✲ ✦✤ ✫✻r✪✷★✹✈✪ ✽✯✸✴ ✵✦✸✵✾
✭✡✮ ❈♥ ✆✜✜✑♦ ✙✡❴✘✁✡ ♥ ✭✡☞✮ ❚☛☎ ①✆●✟✆● ✄✁✌☎☎✁✄
✭✡✡✮ ❚☛☎ ✔♦✆● ✌✘✡✎✡♥✚✄ ✭☞✮ ✉✆❉✜ ✓✑✞✓✑✜ ✙✂✌
✭✡✡✡✮ ❚☛☎ ②✔❑♦✔✉ ✥✘✌✄☛☎✄ ✭☞✡✮ ❈ ❉✆✝♦③❉✆✆✜✑✟ ✉✆❏❏✑♦ ❇✎✘✛☎✌
✷ ●✁✂✄☎ ✆✄✝✞✟ ✠✡✄ ☛✞☞✄ ☎✞✌☎☛✍ ✠☎✎ ✠ ☛✄✏ ✞✑ ☞✞✎✁✑✁✄✡☛ ✒✁☎ ✏✓✄ ✆✞✔✕✖ ✗✞☞✆✁☎✄
✏✓✄ ☎✞✌☎☛ ✠☎✎ ☞✞✎✁✑✁✄✡☛ ✏✞ ☞✠t✄ ✠☛ ☞✠☎✘ ✠✙✙✡✞✙✡✁✠✏✄ ✙✓✡✠☛✄☛ ✠☛ ✘✞✌
❝✠☎✖ ✒❍✚✛✜✿ ✢✓✄ ☎✞✌☎☛ ✠☎✎ ☞✞✎✁✑✁✄✡☛ ✠✡✄ ✠✝✝ ✑✡✞☞ ✏✓✄ ✏✄✔✏☛ ✁☎ ✏✓✁☛ ✆✞✞t✖✕

✣✤✥✦✧✤ ❣★✩✧✪ ✣✩★✫✬❣✧✤ ❞✩✤✪✪ ✤✪

✦✤✩✪♣✬ ✣✭♣✮❣✭✣✪ ❜♣✯✪ ✩ ♣✫✩

❣★✰✣✪ ✪s✩ ✤✫✥ ✰✫✩✤❢✤✧✧ ✤❡✦✩✤✪✪★♣✬

✣★✥✤ ✪✮❜✱✤s✣ ✧✫✬❞✪s✫✦✤ ✭✫✬ ❞❤✤✩s✭★✤✰

s✩ ♣✪✪★✬❣ ✰✧★❣✭✣ s✭✫✣✣✤✩❜♣❡ ✦✩♣✰✤✪✪★♣✬

✦✭✯✪★✲✮✤ s♣✰✰✤✤ ✈★✤❢ s✤✧✤❜✩✫✣★♣✬

s♣✧✧✤❣✤ ✩ ♣✮❣✭ ✭ ✮✬❞✩ ✤❞ ✪✣♣✬✤ ♣✩ ❞★✬✫✩✯

✧♣✈✤ ✮✬s♣✥✰♣✩✣✫❜✧ ✤ ❢✭★✣✤ ✪✧✫✬❣ ✪✧✫s ❤

❜✫✩ ✤ ✩✫★✧✩♣✫❞ ✣✤✩✥✤✬❞♣✮✪ ✰✫✥★✧✯ ✥✫✩✩ ★✫❣✤

✦✧✮✥✦ ★✬✈★❣♣✩✫✣★✬❣ ✦✫✬ ♣✩✫✥★s ✭✤✫✩✣❜✩✤✫❤★✬❣ ❜★✩✣✭❞✫✯

★✬s♣✩✩★❣★❜✧✤ ✩★❞★s✮✧♣✮✪ ✧♣✮❞ ✰★✩✪✣ ✣✭✩ ✤✤

■■■ ❘✤✫❞ ✣✭★✪ ✪✤✬✣✤✬s✤✳

✴✤ ✪✭♣♣❤ ✭★✥✪✤✧✰✵ ✫✬❞ ■ ✭✫✧✰ ✤❡✦✤s✣✤❞ ❛ ✶✸✹✺✻ ✹✼ ✻✺✽✾

❚✭✤ ✫✮✣✭♣✩ ✮✪✤✪ ❛ ✶✸✹✺✻ ✹✼ ✻✺✽✾ ✣♣ ❣★✈✤ ✫ ✦★s✣✮✩✤ ♣✰ ✫ ✧✫✩❣✤ ✲✮✫✬✣★✣✯ ♣✰ ❞✮✪✣
P✭✩✫✪✤✪ ✧★❤✤ ✣✭★✪ ★✬❞★s✫✣✤ ✫ ✦✫✩✣★s✮✧✫✩ ✲✮✫✬✣★✣✯ ♣✰ ✪♣✥✤✣✭★✬❣ ✣✭✫✣ ★✪ ✬♣✣ 113
✮✪✮✫✧✧✯ s♣✮✬✣✫❜✧✤ ✉♣✩ ✤❡✫✥✦✧✤✳ ❛ ❀❁✾ ✹✼ ✸❛❂✻✵ ❛ ✻❃✹❄ ✹✼ ❀✸✹✹✻✵ ❛ ❄❁❂✶❅ ✹✼ ✽❛✸✾❆
❛ ❄❁❇✶❇ ✹✼ ❄❛❄❇❃

❈ ▼✠✏❝✓ ✏✓✄ ✟✞✡✎☛ ✞☎ ✏✓✄ ✝✄✑✏ ✟✁✏✓ ✠ ✟✞✡✎ ✞☎ ✏✓✄ ✡✁❉✓✏✖ ❊✞☞✄ ✟✞✡✎☛ ✞☎
✏✓✄ ✝✄✑✏ ❝✠☎ ❉✞ ✟✁✏✓ ☞✞✡✄ ✏✓✠☎ ✞☎✄ ✟✞✡✎ ✞☎ ✏✓✄ ✡✁❉✓✏✖

❋★❏ ✫ ✦♣✩✣★♣✬ ♣✰ ➊ ❜✧♣♣❞

❋★★❏ ✫ ✦♣♣✧ ♣✰ ➊ s♣✣✣♣✬

Mijbil the Otter

❋★★★❏ ✰✧✫❤✤✪ ♣✰ ➊ ✪✣♣✬✤✪

❋ ★✈❏ ✫ ✭✮❣✤ ✭✤✫✦ ♣✰ ➊ ❣♣✧❞

❋✈❏ ✫ ❣✮✪✣ ♣✰ ➊ ✰✩★✤❞ ✰★✪✭

❋✈★❏ ✧★✣✣✧✤ ❞✩♣✦✪ ♣✰ ➊ ✪✬♣❢

❋✈★★❏ ✫ ✦★✤s✤ ♣✰ ➊ ❢✫✣✤✩

❋✈★★★❏ ✫ ✦♣✣ ♣✰ ➊ ❢★✬❞

✷ ❯☛✄ ❑ ▲✚✜ ◆❖◗❑ ❙✚❱❲❱ ◆❖◗❑ ▲❳✛❲❨ ◆❖◗❑ ❲❩◆❳❬ ◆❖◗❑ ❩❳❭❙ ◆❖ ✟✁✏✓ ✏✓✄
✁✏✠✝✁❝✁☛✄✎ ☎✞✌☎☛ ✁☎ ✏✓✄ ✑✞✝✝✞✟✁☎❉ ☛✄☎✏✄☎❝✄☛✖ ✢✓✄ ✑✁✡☛✏ ✓✠☛ ✆✄✄☎ ✎✞☎✄
✑✞✡ ✘✞✌ ✠☛ ✠☎ ✄✔✠☞✙✝✄✖

❋★❏ ❪✯ ✣✤✫s✭✤✩ ❣✫✈✤ ✥✤ ✽✹❫❇ ❪✯ ✣✤✫s✭✤✩ ❣✫✈✤ ✥✤ ✫ ❜★✣ ♣✰ ✫❞✈★s✤

❛✻❴❁✶❇❵

❋★★❏ ✐✫✬ ✯♣✮ ❣★✈✤ ✥✤ ✽✹❫❇ ✶✸❛❥❆

✦✧ ✤✫✪✤
 ✭ ✁ ❚✂✄ ✐☎✆✝✞✟✠✡✐✝☎ ②☛☞ ✌✍✎✄ ✏✍✑

✎✄✈② ☞✑✄✒☞✓✔

✭ ✎✁ ❇✄✕✍☞✑✄ ☛✒ ✖✂✄✑✄ ✒✍✕✖☛✈ ✄✑✗

s✟✝✘✙ ✂✍❤✌✑ ☛✎✄✈ ✖✂✄ ✕ ✖②✔

✭ ✎✁ ❚✏☛ s✡✝☎✙s ✈☞✥✥✄✚ ✖☛✌✄✖✂✄✈

✕✍❤ ❝✈☛✚☞✕✄ ✑❝✍✈✛✑ ☛✒ ✒ ✈✄✔

✭✎ ✁ ❍✄ ✌✍✎✄ ❣✄ s✝✟✙ ✆✜✝✢✙✞s ☛❤

❣② ✥ ✈✖✂✚✍②✔

❨☛☞ ✂✍✎✄ ✑✄✄❤ ✂☛✏ ♦✍✣✏✄✓✓ ✚✄✑✕✈ ✥✄✑ ♦ ✤ ✖✂✄ ☛✖✖✄✈✦✑ ✒✄✄✓ ❤✌✑ ✍❤✚ ✖✂☛☞✌✂✖✑ ✥②
✏✍✖✕✂ ❤✌ ✂ ❣✔ ✇✓✍② ✖✂✄ ✌✍❣✄ ☛✒ ✚☞❣✥ ✕✂✍✈✍✚✄✑✔ ❚✍✛✄ ✖☞✈❤✑ ✖☛ ✄✣❝✈✄✑✑ ✍ ✒✄✄✓ ❤✌
☛✈ ✖✂☛☞✌✂✖ ✑ ✓✄❤✖✓②✗ ✖✂✈☛☞✌✂ ✌✄✑✖☞✈✄✑✔ ✧✄✖ ✖✂✄ ✕✓✍✑✑ ✑❝✄✍✛ ☛☞✖ ✖✂✄ ✈ ✌☞✄✑✑✄✑
✍✥☛☞✖ ✖✂✄ ✒✄✄✓ ❤✌✑ ☛✈ ✖✂☛☞✌✂✖✑ ②☛☞ ✍✈✄ ✖✈② ❤✌ ✖☛ ✄✣❝✈✄✑✑✔
First Flight

❲✈ ✖✄ ✍ ✚✄✑✕✈ ❝✖ ☛❤ ☛✒ ✍ ❝✄✈✑☛❤ ☛✈ ✍❤ ✍❤ ❣✍✓ ✭✑☞✕✂ ✍✑ ✍ ❝✄✖✁ ✖✂✍✖ ②☛☞ ✛❤☛✏ ✎✄✈②

✏✄✓✓ ✍❤✚ ✓☛✎✄ ✎✄✈② ❣☞✕✂✔ ★☞✄✑✖ ☛❤✑ ✭✩✁ ✍❤✚ ✭✪✁ ❤ ✫❚✂ ❤✛ ❤✌ ✍✥☛☞✖ ✖✂✄ ❚✄✣✖✦ ✏ ✓✓
✂✍✎✄ ✌ ✎✄❤ ②☛☞ ✑☛❣✄ ✚✄✍ ✍✥☛☞✖ ✂☛✏ ✖☛ ✚☛ ✖✂ ✑✔ ♦✄❤✖ ☛❤ ✑☛❣✄ ✖✂ ❤✌✑ ✖✂✄ ❝✄✈✑☛❤
☛✈ ✍❤ ❣✍✓ ✚☛✄✑✗ ✏✂✍✖ ②☛☞ ✖✂ ❤✛ ✖✂✄ ❝✄✈✑☛❤ ☛✈ ✍❤ ❣✍✓ ✒✄✄✓✑✗ ✄✖✕✔

114

WHAT WE HAVE DONE

Narrated a story about an interesting and unusual pet.
WHAT YOU CAN DO
1. The events narrated in this text took place over half-a-century ago. Discuss with
your class what changes have taken place over these years in
(i) what animals we can keep as pets (some species are protected under the laws
for wildlife preservation)
(ii) the laws for exporting and importing or trading in animals
(iii) rules for transporting goods, pets, etc. on aircraft.
The class might wish to do their own research on these questions and report their
findings in class.
2. Ask students if they know of other examples of unusual pets or of wild animals which
are trained to work for or amuse humans (eg dancing bears, lions and tigers in a
circus, elephants trained to work or take part in ceremonies). Then lead students into
a discussion about the ethics of keeping wild animals as pets: What are the difficulties
these may entail? According to the students, what will the animal miss most when it
is taken away from its natural habitat? Do they think that it is ‘cute’ to see Mij the
otter on a leash? Get them to look at the situation from all points of view.
3. Visit the website wwf.org.uk/core/wildlife to know more about otters and
otter conservation projects.
 Fog
❚ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✆✄✝✁✞
✄♦ ✟✠✡✡✟✁ ✆☛✡ ✂✁✁✡☞
■✡ ✞✠✡✞ ✟✄✄✌✠♦☎
✄✍✁✎ ☛✎✏✄✑✎ ☛♦✒ ✆✠✡✓
✄♦ ✞✠✟✁♦✡ ☛✑♦✆ ✁✞
☛♦✒ ✡ ✁♦ ✝✄✍✁✞ ✄♦☞
❈❆✔✕ ✥❆✖✗✘✙✔✚

✛✜ ✢✣✤✜✦✢✧★✿ ✩✪✫✫✪✬✭ ✮✪✫✯ ✰✬✱✱✩ ✲✱✬✫

✶✳ ❲✯✷✫ ✸✹✱✩ ✺✷✬✸✲✻✼✭ ✫✯✪✬✰ ✫✯✱ ✽✹✭ ✪✩ ✾✪✰✱❀

✴✪✵
❍✹✮ ✸✹✱✩ ✫✯✱ ✽✹✭ ❁✹❂✱❀
✴✪✪✵
❲✯✷✫ ✸✹✱✩ ❃✪✫❄ ✪✬ ✫✯✱ ✫✯✪✼✸ ✾✪✬✱ ✼✱✽✱✼ ✫✹❀
✴✪✪✪✵
❉✹✱✩ ✫✯✱ ❇✹✱✫ ✷❁✫✻✷✾✾❊ ✩✷❊ ✫✯✷✫ ✫✯✱ ✽✹✭ ✪✩ ✾✪✰✱ ✷ ❁✷✫❀ ❋✪✬✸ ✫✯✼✱✱ ✫✯✪✬✭✩
✴✪❅✵
✫✯✷✫ ✫✱✾✾ ✻✩ ✫✯✷✫ ✫✯✱ ✽✹✭ ✪✩ ✾✪✰✱ ✷ ❁✷✫✳
●✳ ❨✹✻ ✰✬✹✮ ✫✯✷✫ ✷ ❂✱✫✷❇✯✹✼ ❁✹❂❇✷✼✱✩ ✫✮✹ ✫✯✪✬✭✩ ✲❊ ✫✼✷✬✩✽✱✼✼✪✬✭ ✷ ✽✱✷✫✻✼✱ ✹✽
✹✬✱ ✫✯✪✬✭ ✫✹ ✫✯✱ ✹✫✯✱✼ ✴✺✱✱ ❏✬✪✫ ✶✵✳
✴✪✵ ❋✪✬✸ ❂✱✫✷❇✯✹✼✩ ✽✹✼ ✫✯✱ ✽✹✾✾✹✮✪✬✭ ✮✹✼✸✩ ✷✬✸ ❁✹❂❇✾✱✫✱ ✫✯✱ ✫✷✲✾✱ ✲✱✾✹✮✳
❑✾✩✹ ✫✼❊ ✫✹ ✩✷❊ ✯✹✮ ✫✯✱❊ ✷✼✱ ✷✾✪✰✱✳ ▲✯✱ ✽✪✼✩✫ ✪✩ ✸✹✬✱ ✽✹✼ ❊✹✻✳
✺✫✹✼❂ ✫✪✭✱✼ ❇✹✻✬❁✱✩ ✹❅✱✼ ✫✯✱ ✽✪✱✾✸✩♣ ✭✼✹✮✾✩
▲✼✷✪✬
❋✪✼✱
✺❁✯✹✹✾
❍✹❂✱
✴✪✪✵ ▲✯✪✬✰ ✷✲✹✻✫ ✷ ✩✫✹✼❂✳ ▲✼❊ ✫✹ ❅✪✩✻✷✾✪✩✱ ✫✯✱ ✽✹✼❁✱ ✹✽ ✫✯✱ ✩✫✹✼❂♣ ✯✱✷✼ ✫✯✱ ✩✹✻✬✸
✹✽ ✫✯✱ ✩✫✹✼❂♣ ✽✱✱✾ ✫✯✱ ❇✹✮✱✼ ✹✽ ✫✯✱ ✩✫✹✼❂ ✷✬✸ ✫✯✱ ✩✻✸✸✱✬ ❁✷✾❂ ✫✯✷✫ ✯✷❇❇✱✬✩
✷✽✫✱✼✮✷✼✸✩✳ ❲✼✪✫✱ ✷ ❇✹✱❂ ✷✲✹✻✫ ✫✯✱ ✩✫✹✼❂ ❁✹❂❇✷✼✪✬✭ ✪✫ ✮✪✫✯ ✷✬ ✷✬✪❂✷✾✳
▼✳ ❉✹✱✩ ✫✯✪✩ ❇✹✱❂ ✯✷❅✱ ✷ ✼✯❊❂✱ ✩❁✯✱❂✱❀ ◆✹✱✫✼❊ ✫✯✷✫ ✸✹✱✩ ✬✹✫ ✯✷❅✱ ✷✬ ✹✲❅✪✹✻✩
✼✯❊✫✯❂ ✹✼ ✼✯❊❂✱ ✪✩ ❁✷✾✾✱✸ ❃✽✼✱✱ ❅✱✼✩✱❄❖
BEFORE YOU READ
■ ✁✂✄☎ ☎✆ ☎✄✁✄✝✆ ☎✁✞✟✠✡ ☛ ✆✄☞✂✁✌✠✆☛✟ ✞✍✎ ☞✄✟✍✏☎ ✑✄✟☎✁ ✒✓☎ ✔✞✓✟ ✆✠ ✄ ✁✞
✁✂✆ t✞✟✍✎ ✞✓✁☎✄✎✆ ✂✆✟ ✝✄✍✍☛☞✆ ✄☎ ☛✍☎✞ ✂✆✟ ✄ ✎✓✕✁✄✞ ✄ ✁✞ ✁✂✆ ✖✠☎✁✆✟✠
✞✑ ✍✄✑✆ ☛ ✎ ✎✆☛✁✂♦ ✗✂✆ ☎✆✆☎ ✁✂✆ ☞☛✘ ✒✆✁t✆✆ ✞✓✟ ✙ ✞t✄ ☞ ✁✂☛✁ ✁✂✆✟✆
✄☎ ✎✆☛✁✂✡ ☛ ✎ ✞✓✟ ✓ ✎✆✟☎✁☛ ✎✄ ☞ ✞✑ ✄✁♦
❆✚✛✜✢✜✛✣
✶♦ ▲✞✞✙ ☛✁ ✁✂✆ t✞✟✎☎ ☛ ✎ ✘✂✟☛☎✆☎ ☞✄✝✆ ✒✆✍✞t♦ ✤✂✆ ✘✓✁ ☛ ✁✄✕✙
☛☞☛✄ ☎✁ ✁✂✆ ✞ ✆☎ ✠✞✓ ✁✂✄ ✙ ✠✞✓ t✄✍✍ ✑✄ ✎ ✄ ✁✂✆ ✁✆❛✁♦
❴❴❴ ☛ ☎✆✁ ✞✑ ✘☛☎☎✆ ☞✆✟☎ ❴❴❴ ☞✆✁ ✞ ✁✂✆ ✒✓☎
❴❴❴ ☞✆✁ ✞✑✑ ✁✂✆ ✒✓☎ ❴❴❴ ✘✍☛✁✑✞✟✖
❴❴❴ ✤✄✕✙✆✁☎✡ ✘✍✆☛☎✆ ❴❴❴ ☛ ✟✞☛✟ ☛ ✎ ☛ ✟☛✁✁✍✆
❴❴❴ ☛ ✟✞t ✞✑ ☎✆☛✁☎ ❴❴❴ ☎✍✞t✄ ☞ ✎✞t ✁✞ ☛ ✕✟☛t✍
❴❴❴ ✒✍✞t✄ ☞ ☛ t✂✄☎✁✍✆
✷♦ ❨✞✓ ✖✓☎✁ ✂☛✝✆ ✁✟☛✝✆✍✍✆✎ ✒✠ ✒✓☎ ✖✞✟✆ ✁✂☛ ✞ ✕✆♦ ❡✂☛✁ ✕☛
✠✞✓ ☎✆✆ ✑✟✞✖ ☛ ✑☛☎✁✌✖✞✝✄ ☞ ✒✓☎② ✥✄✝✆ ✒✆✍✞t ☛✟✆ ☎✞✖✆
☎✓☞☞✆☎✁✄✞ ☎♦ ✗✘✆☛✙ ✒✟✄✆✑✍✠ ☛✒✞✓✁ ☎✞✖✆ ✞✑ ✁✂✆☎✆ ☎✕✆ ✆☎✡ ✞✟
☛✒✞✓✁ ✞✁✂✆✟ ☎✓✕✂ ☎✕✆ ✆☎ ✁✂☛✁ ✠✞✓ ✂☛✝✆ ☎✆✆ ✦ ✞✟ t✟✄✁✆ ☛
☎✆ ✁✆ ✕✆ ✞✟ ✁t✞ ☛✒✞✓✁ ✁✂✆✖♦

✟✄✝✆✟☎ ☞✟✆✆ ✑✄✆✍✎☎ ✂✄✍✍☎

✟✞☛✎☎✄✎✆ ☎✂✞✘☎ ✖☛✟✙✆✁ ✘✍☛✕✆☎ ✟☛✄✍t☛✠ ✁✟☛✕✙☎
✖✞✝✄ ☞ ✁✟☛✄ ☎ ✝✆✂✄✕✍✆☎ ✞ ✁✂✆ ✟✞☛✎ ✁✟✆✆☎
✧ ❝★✩✪✫ ❝✬✩✭✮✯✰ ✱✲ ✰✮✩✳✰ ✧✲✱✴✧✬✰
 ■
❚❍ ✁ ✥✂✄ ✂ ☎✆✝✞ ✟✂✠✡☛ ☞✂✞✞✆✂✠✠✂✆ ✥❛✌ ✥✂✄ ✍✂✞✞✡☛
☞✂✞✞✆ ✎✌✝ ✄❛✌✝✏✑ ✒❛✡ ✥✂✄ ✡✆☎❛✏ ✓✡✂✝✄ ✌✞☛ ✂✟☛ ✔✡✝✓
✍❝✝✆✌❝✄ ✂✕✌❝✏ ✏❛✆✟☎✄✑ ✖✡✝ ✎✂✔✌❝✝✆✏✡ ✗✂✄✏✆✠✡ ✥✂✄
✄✏✂✟☛✆✟☎ ✆✟ ✏❛✡ ✎✝✌✟ ✏ ☛✌✌✝✥✂✓ ✌✎ ❛✡✝ ❛✌❝✄✡s
✥✂✏✍❛✆✟☎ ✥❛✂✏ ✥✂✄ ❛✂✗✗✡✟✆✟☎ ✆✟ ✏❛✡ ✄✏✝✡✡✏ ✌❝✏✄✆☛✡✑
❚❛✡✝✡ ✥✡✝✡ ✟✌ ✗✞✂✓✠✂✏✡✄ ✌✎ ❛✡✝ ✌✥✟ ✂☎✡ ✌✟ ❛✡✝
✄✏✝✡✡✏s ✂✟☛ ✏❛✆✄ ✥✂✄ ✂✕✌❝✏ ✂✞✞ ✄❛✡ ❛✂☛ ✏✌ ☛✌✑
❇❝✏ ✎✌✝ ☞✂✞✞✆s ✄✏✂✟☛✆✟☎ ✂✏ ✏❛✡ ✎✝✌✟✏ ☛✌✌✝ ✥✂✄ ✡✔✡✝✓
✕✆✏ ✂✄ ✡✟❜✌✓✂✕✞✡ ✂✄ ✂✟✓ ✌✎ ✏❛✡ ✡✞✂✕✌✝✂✏✡ ☎✂✠✡✄ ✌✏❛✡✝
✍❛✆✞☛✝✡✟ ✗✞✂✓✡☛✑ ❡✂✏✍❛✆✟☎ ✏❛✡ ✄✏✝✡✡✏ ☎✂✔✡ ❛✡✝ ✠✂✟✓
✟✡✥ ❝✟❝✄❝✂✞ ✡♥✗✡✝✆✡✟✍✡✄✑

117

Madam Rides the Bus

 ❚ ✁ ✂✄☎✆ ✝✞☎✟✠✡✞✆✠✡☛ ✆ ✠✡☛ ✄✝ ✞☞☞ ✌✞☎ ✆ ✁ ✍✎☎
✆ ✞✆ ✆t✞✏✁☞☞✁✑ ✍✁✆✌✁✁✡ ✁t ✏✠☞☞✞☛✁ ✞✡✑ ✆ ✁ ✡✁✞t✁☎✆
✆✄✌✡✒ ✓✆ ✔✞☎☎✁✑ ✆ t✄✎☛ ✁t ☎✆t✁✁✆ ✁✞✟ ✄✎t✱ ✄✡✟✁
☛✄✠✡☛ ✆✄ ✆ ✁ ✆✄✌✡ ✞✡✑ ✄✡✟✁ ✟✄✂✠✡☛ ✍✞✟❣✒ ❚ ✁ ☎✠☛ ✆
✄✝ ✆ ✁ ✍✎☎✱ ✝✠☞☞✁✑ ✁✞✟ ✆✠✂✁ ✌✠✆ ✞ ✡✁✌ ☎✁✆ ✄✝
✔✞☎☎✁✡☛✁t☎✱ ✌✞☎ ✞ ☎✄✎t✟✁ ✄✝ ✎✡✁✡✑✠✡☛ ❝✄✕ ✝✄t ✖✞☞☞✠✒
❉✞✕ ✞✝✆✁t ✑✞✕ ☎ ✁ ✌✞✆✟ ✁✑ ✆ ✁ ✍✎☎✱ ✞✡✑
☛t✞✑✎✞☞☞✕ ✞ ✆✠✡✕ ✌✠☎ ✟t✁✔✆ ✠✡✆✄ ✁t ✁✞✑ ✞✡✑
☛t✁✌ ✆ ✁t✁✗ ☎ ✁ ✌✞✡✆✁✑ ✆✄ t✠✑✁ ✄✡ ✆ ✞✆ ✍✎☎✱ ✁✏✁✡
✠✝ ❝✎☎✆ ✄✡✟✁✒ ❚ ✠☎ ✌✠☎ ✍✁✟✞✂✁ ☎✆t✄✡☛✁t ✞✡✑
☎✆t✄✡☛✁t✱ ✎✡✆✠☞ ✠✆ ✌✞☎ ✞✡ ✄✏✁t✌ ✁☞✂✠✡☛ ✑✁☎✠t✁✒
✖✞☞☞✠ ✌✄✎☞✑ ☎✆✞t✁ ✌✠☎✆✝✎☞☞✕ ✞✆ ✆ ✁ ✔✁✄✔☞✁ ✌ ✄ ☛✄✆ wistfully
✄✡ ✄t ✄✝✝ ✆ ✁ ✍✎☎ ✌ ✁✡ ✠✆ ☎✆✄✔✔✁✑ ✞✆ ✆ ✁ ☎✆t✁✁✆ longingly
✟✄t✡✁t✒ ❚ ✁✠t ✝✞✟✁☎ ✌✄✎☞✑ ❣✠✡✑☞✁ ✠✡ ✁t ☞✄✡☛✠✡☛☎✱ kindle
✑t✁✞✂☎✱ ✞✡✑ ✄✔✁☎✒ ✓✝ ✄✡✁ ✄✝ ✁t ✝t✠✁✡✑☎ ✞✔✔✁✡✁✑ set alight (a fire),
✆✄ t✠✑✁ ✆ ✁ ✍✎☎ ✞✡✑ ✆t✠✁✑ ✆✄ ✑✁☎✟t✠✍✁ ✆ ✁ ☎✠☛ ✆☎ ✄✝ here, feelings

✆ ✁ ✆✄✌✡ ✆✄ ✁t✱ ✖✞☞☞✠ ✌✄✎☞✑ ✍✁ ✆✄✄ ❝✁✞☞✄✎☎ ✆✄ ☞✠☎✆✁✡

First Flight

✞✡✑ ✌✄✎☞✑ ☎ ✄✎✆✱ ✠✡ ❛✡☛☞✠☎ ✗ ✘✙t✄✎✑✚ ✔t✄✎✑✚✛

◆✁✠✆ ✁t ☎ ✁ ✡✄t ✁t ✝t✠✁✡✑☎ t✁✞☞☞✕ ✎✡✑✁t☎✆✄✄✑ ✆ ✁
✂✁✞✡✠✡☛ ✄✝ ✆ ✁ ✌✄t✑✱ ✍✎✆ ✆ ✁✕ ✎☎✁✑ ✠✆ ✄✝✆✁✡ ✞☎ ✞
☎☞✞✡☛ ✁s✔t✁☎☎✠✄✡ ✄✝ ✑✠☎✞✔✔t✄✏✞☞✒ a slang expression

118
❖✏✁t ✂✞✡✕ ✑✞✕☎ ✞✡✑ ✂✄✡✆ ☎ ✖✞☞☞✠ ☞✠☎✆✁✡✁✑ informal words,
✟✞t✁✝✎☞☞✕ ✆✄ ✟✄✡✏✁t☎✞✆✠✄✡☎ ✍✁✆✌✁✁✡ ✁t ✡✁✠☛ ✍✄✎t☎ often used within a
close group
✞✡✑ ✔✁✄✔☞✁ ✌ ✄ t✁☛✎☞✞t☞✕ ✎☎✁✑ ✆ ✁ ✍✎☎✱ ✞✡✑ ☎ ✁ ✞☞☎✄
✞☎❣✁✑ ✞ ✝✁✌ ✑✠☎✟t✁✁✆ ✜✎✁☎✆✠✄✡☎ ✁t✁ ✞✡✑ ✆ ✁t✁✒ ❚ ✠☎ discreet questions
✌✞✕ ☎ ✁ ✔✠✟❣✁✑ ✎✔ ✏✞t✠✄✎☎ ☎✂✞☞☞ ✑✁✆✞✠☞☎ ✞✍✄✎✆ ✆ ✁ careful questions
✍✎☎ ❝✄✎t✡✁✕✒ ❚ ✁ ✆✄✌✡ ✌✞☎ ☎✠s ✂✠☞✁☎ ✝t✄✂ ✁t ✏✠☞☞✞☛✁✒
❚ ✁ ✝✞t✁ ✌✞☎ ✆ ✠t✆✕ ✔✞✠☎✁ ✄✡✁ ✌✞✕ ✢ ✘✌ ✠✟ ✠☎ ✞☞✂✄☎✆
✡✄✆ ✠✡☛ ✞✆ ✞☞☞✱✛ ☎ ✁ ✁✞t✑ ✄✡✁ ✌✁☞☞♥✑t✁☎☎✁✑ ✂✞✡ ☎✞✕✱
✍✎✆ ✆✄ ✖✞☞☞✠✱ ✌ ✄ ☎✟✞t✟✁☞✕ ☎✞✌ ✆ ✞✆ ✂✎✟ ✂✄✡✁✕
✝t✄✂ ✄✡✁ ✂✄✡✆ ✆✄ ✆ ✁ ✡✁s✆✱ ✠✆ ☎✁✁✂✁✑ ✞ ✝✄t✆✎✡✁✒ ❚ ✁
✆t✠✔ ✆✄ ✆ ✁ ✆✄✌✡ ✆✄✄❣ ✝✄t✆✕♥✝✠✏✁ ✂✠✡✎✆✁☎✒ ❖✡ t✁✞✟ ✠✡☛
✆✄✌✡✱ ✠✝ ☎ ✁ ☎✆✞✕✁✑ ✠✡ ✁t ☎✁✞✆ ✞✡✑ ✔✞✠✑ ✞✡✄✆ ✁t
✆ ✠t✆✕ ✔✞✠☎✁✱ ☎ ✁ ✟✄✎☞✑ t✁✆✎t✡ ✄✂✁ ✄✡ ✆ ✁ ☎✞✂✁
✍✎☎✒ ❚ ✠☎ ✂✁✞✡✆ ✆ ✞✆ ☎ ✁ ✟✄✎☞✑ ✆✞❣✁ ✆ ✁ ✄✡✁♥✄❜✟☞✄✟❣
✞✝✆✁t✡✄✄✡ ✍✎☎✱ t✁✞✟ ✆ ✁ ✆✄✌✡ ✞✆ ✄✡✁ ✝✄t✆✕♥✝✠✏✁✱ ✞✡✑
✍✁ ✍✞✟❣ ✄✂✁ ✍✕ ✞✍✄✎✆ ✆✌✄ ✝✄t✆✕♥✝✠✏✁✒✒✒
❖✡ ✞✡✑ ✄✡ ✌✁✡✆ ✁t ✆ ✄✎☛ ✆☎ ✞☎ ☎ ✁ ✟✞☞✟✎☞✞✆✁✑
✞✡✑ t✁✟✞☞✟✎☞✞✆✁✑✱ ✔☞✞✡✡✁✑ ✞✡✑ t✁✔☞✞✡✡✁✑✒
 Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄✁☎ ✆✁❛❛✝✞☎ ✟✁✠✡☛☞✝✂✌ ✍✁☎✂✝✎✌✏
✷✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄✁☎ ✁ ☎✡☛☞❝✌ ✡✟ ☛✑✌✑✒✝✑✓ ✔✡✕ ✟✡☞ ✆✁❛❛✝✏ ❲ ✁✂ ✄✁☎ ✌☞ ☎✂☞✡✑✓✌☎✂
✒✌☎✝☞✌✏
✸✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✒✝✒ ✆✁❛❛✝ ✟✝✑✒ ✡☛✂ ✁✖✡☛✂ ✂ ✌ ✖☛☎ ✔✡☛☞✑✌✕✏ ♥✡✄ ✒✝✒ ☎ ✌ ✟✝✑✒ ✡☛✂
✂ ✌☎✌ ✒✌✂✁✝❛☎✏
✹✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✒✡ ✕✡☛ ✂ ✝✑✗ ✆✁❛❛✝ ✄✁☎ ✍❛✁✑✑✝✑✓ ✂✡ ✒✡✏

■■
✘❡✙✙✚ ✛✜❡ ✢✣✜❡ ✤✥✦✣✜✧ ★✩✪ ✫✬❡ ✩✢✫❡✦✜✛✛✜ ✭✮✤ ✯✩✤
❥✮✤✫ ✛✜ ✫✬❡ ✥✛✣✜✫ ✛✢ ✙❡✩✰✣✜✧ ✫✬❡ ✰✣✙✙✩✧❡ ✩✜★ ✫✮✦✜✣✜✧
✣✜✫✛ ✫✬❡ ✐✩✣✜ ✬✣✧✬✯✩✪ ✯✬❡✜ ✩ ✤✐✩✙✙ ✰✛✣✱❡ ✯✩✤ ✬❡✩✦★
✤✬✛✮✫✣✜✧s ✲✴✫✛✥ ✫✬❡ ✭✮✤✵ ✴✫✛✥ ✫✬❡ ✭✮✤✵✺ ✻✜★ ✩ ✫✣✜✪
✬✩✜★ ✯✩✤ ✦✩✣✤❡★ ✱✛✐✐✩✜★✣✜✧✙✪❤
❚✬❡ ✭✮✤ ✤✙✛✯❡★ ★✛✯✜ ✫✛ ✩ ✱✦✩✯✙✚ ✩✜★ ✫✬❡
✱✛✜★✮✱✫✛✦✚ ✤✫✣✱✼✣✜✧ ✬✣✤ ✬❡✩★ ✛✮✫ ✫✬❡ ★✛✛✦✚ ✤✩✣★✚
✲➇✮✦✦✪ ✫✬❡✜✵ ❚❡✙✙ ✯✬✛❡✰❡✦ ✣✫ ✣✤ ✫✛ ✱✛✐❡ ✽✮✣✱✼✙✪❤✺
✲✾✫✿✤ ✐❡✚✺ ✤✬✛✮✫❡★ ❀✩✙✙✣❤ ✲✾✿✐ ✫✬❡ ✛✜❡ ✯✬✛ ✬✩✤ ✫✛
✧❡✫ ✛✜❤✺
❇✪ ✜✛✯ ✫✬❡ ✭✮✤ ✬✩★ ✱✛✐❡ ✫✛ ✩ ✤✫✛✥✚ ✩✜★ ✫✬❡ 119
✱✛✜★✮✱✫✛✦ ✤✩✣★✚ ✲❁✬✚ ✦❡✩✙✙✪✵ ❂✛✮ ★✛✜✿✫ ✤✩✪ ✤✛✵✺
✲❂❡✤✚ ✾ ✤✣✐✥✙✪ ✬✩✰❡ ✫✛ ✧✛ ✫✛ ✫✛✯✜✚✺ ✤✩✣★ ❀✩✙✙✣✚
✤✫✣✙✙ ✤✫✩✜★✣✜✧ ✛✮✫✤✣★❡ ✫✬❡ ✭✮✤✚ ✲✩✜★ ✬❡✦❡✿✤ ✐✪
✐✛✜❡✪❤✺ ✴✬❡ ✤✬✛✯❡★ ✬✣✐ ✤✛✐❡ ✱✛✣✜✤❤
✲❁✼✩✪✚ ✛✼✩✪✚ ✭✮✫ ✢✣✦✤✫ ✪✛✮ ✐✮✤✫ ✧❡✫ ✛✜ ✫✬❡ ✭✮✤✚✺
✤✩✣★ ✫✬❡ ✱✛✜★✮✱✫✛✦✚ ✩✜★ ✬❡ ✤✫✦❡✫✱✬❡★ ✛✮✫ ✩ ✬✩✜★ ✫✛

Madam Rides the Bus

✬❡✙✥ ✬❡✦ ✮✥❤
✲❃❡✰❡✦ ✐✣✜★✚✺ ✤✬❡ ✤✩✣★✚ ✲✾ ✱✩✜ ✧❡✫ ✛✜ ✭✪ ✐✪✤❡✙✢❤
❂✛✮ ★✛✜✿✫ ✬✩✰❡ ✫✛ ✬❡✙✥ ✐❡❤✺
❚✬❡ ✱✛✜★✮✱✫✛✦ ✯✩✤ ✩ ❥✛✙✙✪ ✤✛✦✫✚ ✢✛✜★ ✛✢ ❥✛✼✣✜✧❤ ✲❁✬✚
✥✙❡✩✤❡ ★✛✜✿✫ ✭❡ ✩✜✧✦✪ ✯✣✫✬ ✐❡✚ ✐✪ ✢✣✜❡ ✐✩★✩✐✚✺ ✬❡
✤✩✣★❤ ✲➇❡✦❡✚ ✬✩✰❡ ✩ ✤❡✩✫ ✦✣✧✬✫ ✮✥ ✫✬❡✦❡ ✣✜ ✢✦✛✜✫❤
❊✰❡✦✪✭✛★✪ ✐✛✰❡ ✩✤✣★❡ ✥✙❡✩✤❡ ❄ ✐✩✼❡ ✯✩✪ ✢✛✦ ✐✩★✩✐❤✺
✾✫ ✯✩✤ ✫✬❡ ✤✙✩✱✼ ✫✣✐❡ ✛✢ ★✩✪✚ ✩✜★ ✫✬❡✦❡ ✯❡✦❡ slack time
✛✜✙✪ ✤✣♦ ✛✦ ✤❡✰❡✜ ✥✩✤✤❡✜✧❡✦✤ ✛✜ ✫✬❡ ✭✮✤❤ ❚✬❡✪ ✯❡✦❡ a time when there is
not much work
✩✙✙ ✙✛✛✼✣✜✧ ✩✫ ❀✩✙✙✣ ✩✜★ ✙✩✮✧✬✣✜✧ ✯✣✫✬ ✫✬❡ ✱✛✜★✮✱✫✛✦❤
❀✩✙✙✣ ✯✩✤ ✛✰❡✦✱✛✐❡ ✯✣✫✬ ✤✬ ✪✜❡✤✤❤ ✻ ✰✛✣★✣✜✧
❡✰❡✦✪✛✜❡✿✤ ❡✪❡✤✚ ✤✬❡ ✯✩✙✼❡★ ✽✮✣✱✼✙✪ ✫✛ ✩✜ ❡✐✥✫✪
✤❡✩✫ ✩✜★ ✤✩✫ ★✛✯✜❤
 ➇ ✁✂ ✄☎ ✆✝✁✞✝ ✟✠✄✡ ☛✁☞✁☛✌✍ ✝✎☎ ✏✠✟☞✑✏✝✠✞
First Flight

✁✆❛☎☞✡ ✆☛✒✓✒✟✔✕ ✖✎☎✟ ✎☎ ✗✓☎✄ ✎✒✆ ✄✎✒✆✝✓☎ ✝✄✒✏☎✡ ✁✟☞

✝✎☎ ✗✑✆ ☛✠t☎☞ ✘✠✞✄✁✞☞ ✄✒✝✎ ✁ ✞✠✁✞✕
■✝ ✄✁✆ ✁ ✟☎✄ ✗✑✆✡ ✒✝✆ ✠✑✝✆✒☞☎ ✙✁✒✟✝☎☞ ✁ ✔✓☎✁☛✒✟✔
✄✎✒✝☎ ✄✒✝✎ ✆✠☛☎ ✔✞☎☎✟ ✆✝✞✒✙☎✆ ✁✓✠✟✔ ✝✎☎ ✆✒☞☎✆✕
120 ■✟✆✒☞☎✡ ✝✎☎ ✠t☎✞✎☎✁☞ ✗✁✞✆ ✆✎✠✟☎ ✓✒❛☎ ✆✒✓t☎✞✕ ✳✒✞☎✏✝✓✂
✒✟ ✘✞✠✟✝ ✠✘ ♦✁✓✓✒✡ ✁✗✠t☎ ✝✎☎ ✄✒✟☞✆✎✒☎✓☞✡ ✝✎☎✞☎ ✄✁✆ ✁
✗☎✁✑✝✒✘✑✓ ✏✓✠✏❛✕ ✖✎☎ ✆☎✁✝✆ ✄☎✞☎ ✆✠✘✝ ✁✟☞ ✓✑❜✑✞✒✠✑✆✕
♦✁✓✓✒ ☞☎t✠✑✞☎☞ ☎t☎✞✂✝✎✒✟✔ ✄✒✝✎ ✎☎✞ ☎✂☎✆✕ ✚✑✝
✄✎☎✟ ✆✎☎ ✆✝✁✞✝☎☞ ✝✠ ✓✠✠❛ ✠✑✝✆✒☞☎✡ ✆✎☎ ✘✠✑✟☞ ✎☎✞
t✒☎✄ ✏✑✝ ✠✘✘ ✗✂ ✁ ✏✁✟t✁✆ ✗✓✒✟☞ ✝✎✁✝ ✏✠t☎✞☎☞ ✝✎☎ ✓✠✄☎✞
✙✁✞✝ ✠✘ ✎☎✞ ✄✒✟☞✠✄✕ ♣✠ ✆✎☎ ✆✝✠✠☞ ✑✙ ✠✟ ✝✎☎ ✆☎✁✝
✁✟☞ ✙☎☎✞☎☞ ✠t☎✞ ✝✎☎ ✗✓✒✟☞✕
✖✎☎ ✗✑✆ ✄✁✆ ✟✠✄ ✔✠✒✟✔ ✁✓✠✟✔ ✝✎☎ ✗✁✟❛ ✠✘ ✁ ✏✁✟✁✓✕
✖✎☎ ✞✠✁☞ ✄✁✆ t☎✞✂ ✟✁✞✞✠✄✕ ❚✟ ✠✟☎ ✆✒☞☎ ✝✎☎✞☎ ✄✁✆
✝✎☎ ✏✁✟✁✓ ✁✟☞✡ ✗☎✂✠✟☞ ✒✝✡ ✙✁✓☛ ✝✞☎☎✆✡ ✔✞✁✆✆✓✁✟☞✡
☞✒✆✝✁✟✝ ☛✠✑✟✝✁✒✟✆✡ ✁✟☞ ✝✎☎ ✗✓✑☎✡ ✗✓✑☎ ✆❛✂✕ ❚✟ ✝✎☎
✠✝✎☎✞ ✆✒☞☎ ✄✁✆ ✁ ☞☎☎✙ ☞✒✝✏✎ ✁✟☞ ✝✎☎✟ ✁✏✞☎✆ ✁✟☞
✁✏✞☎✆ ✠✘ ✔✞☎☎✟ ✘✒☎✓☞✆ ✛ ✔✞☎☎✟✡ ✔✞☎☎✟✡ ✔✞☎☎✟✡ ✁✆ ✘✁✞
✁✆ ✝✎☎ ☎✂☎ ✏✠✑✓☞ ✆☎☎✕
❚✎✡ ✒✝ ✄✁✆ ✁✓✓ ✆✠ ✄✠✟☞☎✞✘✑✓❖
♣✑☞☞☎✟✓✂ ✆✎☎ ✄✁✆ ✆✝✁✞✝✓☎☞ ✗✂ ✁ t✠✒✏☎✕ ➇❙✒✆✝☎✟✡
✏✎✒✓☞✡✍ ✆✁✒☞ ✝✎☎ t✠✒✏☎✡ ➇✂✠✑ ✆✎✠✑✓☞✟❝✝ ✆✝✁✟☞ ✓✒❛☎ ✝✎✁✝✕
♣✒✝ ☞✠✄✟✕✍
 ❙ ✁✁ ✂✄ ☎✆✝✂✞ ✟✠✡ ☛✆✆☞✡☎ ✁✆ ✟✡✡ ✝✠✆ ✠✌☎ ✟✍✆☞✡✂✎
■✁ ✝ ✌✟ ✌✂ ✡☛☎✡✏ ☛✑ ✒✌✂ ✝ ✠✆ ✠✌☎ ✠✆✂✡✟✁ ☛✑ ✓✡✡✂
❝ ✆ ✂ ❝ ✡✏ ✂ ✡ ☎ ♥ ✆✏ ✠ ✡✏✞ ✓✱✁ ✟✠✡ ✝✌✟ ✌ ✂ ✂ ✆✑ ✡ ☎ ✓✑

✠ ✟ ✌✁✁✡✂✁ ✆✂✎
➇✔✠✡✏✡✕✟ ✂✆✓✆☎✑ ✠✡✏✡ ✝✠✆✕✟ ✌ ❝✠ ☛☎✞✖ ✟✠✡ ✟✌ ☎

✠✌✱✄✠✁ ☛✑✎ ➇■✕❤✡ ✍✌ ☎ ✒✑ ✁✠ ✏✁✑ ✍✌ ✟✡ ☛ ☞✡ ✡❤✡✏✑✆✂✡ haughtily

✡☛✟✡✎✖ proudly
✔✠✡ ❝✆✂☎✱❝✁✆✏ ❝✠ ✒✡☎ ✂✎ ➇❚✠✞ ✟ ✏✞ ✓✱✁ ✁✠ ✟ ✟ ✌
❤✡✏✑ ✄✏✆✝✂✈✱✍ ✒✌☎✌✒✎ ✗✆ ✑✆✱ ✁✠ ✂☞ ✌ ✒✡✏✡ ✄ ✏☛

❝✆✱ ☛☎ ✍✌✑ ✠✡✏ ✆✝ ✂ ♥ ✌✏ ✡ ✌ ✂☎ ✁✏ ✌❤ ✡☛ ✁ ✆ ✁ ✠ ✡ ❝ ✁✑

✌☛☛ ✌☛✆✂✡❛✖
❱✌☛☛ ✟✠✆✁ ✌✂ ✌✂✄✏✑ ✄☛✌✂❝✡ ✌✁ ✁✠✡ ❝✆✂☎✱❝✁✆✏ ✌✂☎
✟✌ ☎✞ ➇■ ✌✒ ✂✆✁ ✌ ✒✌☎✌✒✎ s☛✡✌✟✡ ✏✡✒✡✒✓✡✏ ✁✠✌✁✎
❆✂☎ ✑✆✱✕❤✡ ✂✆✁ ✑✡✁ ✄ ❤✡✂ ✒✡ ✒✑ ✁ ❝☞✡✁✎✖

➇■✕☛☛ ✏✡✒✡✒✓✡✏✞✖ ✁✠✡ ❝✆✂☎✱❝✁✆✏ ✟✌ ☎✞ ✒ ✒ ❝☞ ✂✄ mimicking

✠✡✏ ✁✆✂✡✎ ✘❤✡✏✑✆✂✡ ☛✌✱✄✠✡☎✞ ✌✂☎ ✄✏✌☎✱✌☛☛✑ ❱✌☛☛ ✁✆✆ copying
❥✆ ✂✡☎ ✂ ✁✠✡ ☛✌✱✄✠✁✡✏✎

✔✠✡ ❝✆✂☎✱❝✁✆✏ ✍✱✂❝✠✡☎ ✌ ✁ ❝☞✡✁ ✌✂☎ ✠✌✂☎✡☎ ✁

✁✆ ✠✡✏✎ ➇✳✱✟✁ ✟ ✁ ✓✌❝☞ ✌✂☎ ✒✌☞✡ ✑✆✱✏✟✡☛♥ ❝✆✒♥✆✏✁✌✓☛✡✎
❲✠✑ ✟✠✆✱☛☎ ✑✆✱ ✟✁✌✂☎ ✝✠✡✂ ✑✆✱✕❤✡ ✍✌ ☎ ♥✆✏ ✌ ✟✡✌✁❛✖

➇✙✡❝✌✱✟✡ ■ ✝✌✂✁ ✁✆✞✖ ✟✠✡ ✌✂✟✝✡✏✡☎✞ ✟✁✌✂☎ ✂✄ 121

✱✍ ✌✄✌ ✂✎
➇✙✱✁ ♥ ✑✆✱ ✟✁✌✂☎ ✆✂ ✁✠✡ ✟✡✌✁✞ ✑✆✱ ✒✌✑ ♥✌☛☛ ✌✂☎

✠✱✏✁ ✑✆✱✏✟✡☛♥ ✝✠✡✂ ✁✠✡ ✓✱✟ ✒✌☞✡✟ ✌ ✟✠✌✏✍ ✁✱✏✂

✆✏ ✠ ✁✟ ✌ ✓✱✒✍✎ ✔✠✌✁✕✟ ✝✠✑ ✝✡ ✝✌✂✁ ✑✆✱ ✁✆ ✟ ✁

☎✆✝✂✞ ❝✠ ☛☎✎✖
➇■✕✒ ✂✆✁ ✌ ❝✠ ☛☎✞ ■ ✁✡☛☛ ✑✆✱✞✖ ✟✠✡ ✟✌ ☎ ✏✏ ✁✌✓☛✑✎

Madam Rides the Bus

➇■✕✒ ✡ ✄✠✁ ✑✡✌✏✟ ✆☛☎✎✖
➇❚♥ ❝✆✱✏✟✡✞ ✆♥ ❝✆✱✏✟✡✎ ✚✆✝ ✟✁✱✍ ☎ ✆♥ ✒✡✛ ✘ ✄✠✁
✑✡✌✏✟ ② ✒✑✛✖

✔✠✡ ✓✱✟ ✟✁✆✍✍✡☎✞ ✟✆✒✡ ✂✡✝ ✍✌✟✟✡✂✄✡✏✟ ✄✆✁ ✆✂✞

✌✂☎ ✁✠✡ ❝✆✂☎✱❝✁✆✏ ✄✆✁ ✓✱✟✑ ♥✆✏ ✌ ✁ ✒✡✎ ❆♥✏✌ ☎ ✆♥

☛✆✟ ✂✄ ✠✡✏ ✟✡✌✁✞ ❱✌☛☛ ♥ ✂✌☛☛✑ ✟✌✁ ☎✆✝✂✎
❆✂ ✡☛☎✡✏☛✑ ✝✆✒✌✂ ❝✌✒✡ ✌✂☎ ✟✌✁ ✓✡✟ ☎✡ ✠✡✏✎ ➇❆✏✡
✑✆✱ ✌☛☛ ✌☛✆✂✡✞ ☎✡✌✏❛✖ ✟✠✡ ✌✟☞✡☎ ❱✌☛☛ ✌✟ ✁✠✡ ✓✱✟

✟✁✌✏✁✡☎ ✌✄✌ ✂✎
❱✌☛☛ ♥✆✱✂☎ ✁✠✡ ✝✆✒✌✂ ✌✓✟✆☛✱✁✡☛✑ ✏✡✍✱☛✟ ❤✡ ② repulsive
✟✱❝✠ ✓ ✄ ✠✆☛✡✟ ✟✠✡ ✠✌☎ ✂ ✠✡✏ ✡✌✏ ☛✆✓✡✟✞ ✌✂☎ ✟✱❝✠
causing strong
dislike
✱✄☛✑ ✡✌✏✏ ✂✄✟ ✂ ✁✠✡✒✛ ❆✂☎ ✟✠✡ ❝✆✱☛☎ ✟✒✡☛☛ ✁✠✡ ✓✡✁✡☛

✂✱✁ ✁✠✡ ✝✆✒✌✂ ✝✌✟ ❝✠✡✝ ✂✄ ✌✂☎ ✟✡✡ ✁✠✡ ✓✡✁✡☛ ❥✱ ❝✡

✁✠✌✁ ✝✌✟ ✁✠✏✡✌✁✡✂ ✂✄ ✁✆ ✟✍ ☛☛ ✆❤✡✏ ✠✡✏ ☛ ✍✟ ✌✁ ✌✂✑
 ♠ ♠✁✂✄☎ ✆✝✞✟ ✠ ✡✞ ☛ ☞✌✍ ✎✁ ✏ ☛✑✒✎✌✁ ✡✑✄✞ ✏☞☛✞
✒ ❛✁✓✏ ✂✔
➇✕✁✏❡ ✖✗♠ ✄✓✒✘✁✌✌✑✂✝ ✒✌ ✂✁❡✙ ✏✞✁ ✒✂✏✡✁✓✁✍ ☛☞✓✄✌✚☎ curtly
➇✛✂✍ ✖✗✘✁ ✝ ✄ ✒ ✄✑☛✜✁✄ ✄ ☎✙ showing displeasure
➇✕✁✏❡ ✏✞✁✗✏ ✂ ✞✁✓ ✡✒✚ ✄ ✄ ✡✂❡✙ ✏✒✑✍ ✄✞✁
☛ ✂✍☞☛✄ ✓☎ ➇✳✑✄✞ ✒ ✄✞✑✓✄✚✐❛✒✑✏✁ ✄✑☛✜✁✄☎✙
➇✢✞❡ ✡✞✚ ✍ ✂✗✄ ✚ ☞ ♠✑✂✍ ✚ ☞✓ ✡✂ ✎☞✏✑✂✁✏✏❡✙
✏✒✑✍ s✒✌✌✑☎ ✣☞✄ ✏✞✁ ✌✒☞✝✞✁✍ ✒✌✌ ✄✞✁ ✏✒♠✁❡ ✒✂✍ ✄✞✁
☛ ✂✍☞☛✄ ✓ ✌✒☞✝✞✁✍ ✄ ☎
✣☞✄ ✄✞✁ ✌✍ ✡ ♠✒✂ ✡✁✂✄ ✂ ✡✑✄✞ ✞✁✓ ✍✓✑✘✁✌☎ ➇✖✏ drivel
✑✄ ❛✓ ❛✁✓ ✤ ✓ ✏☞☛✞ ✒ ✚ ☞✂✝ ❛✁✓✏ ✂ ✄ ✄✓✒✘✁✌ ✒✌ ✂✁✔ silly nonsense
❉ ✚ ☞ ✜✂ ✡ ✁✥✒☛✄✌✚ ✡✞✁✓✁ ✚ ☞✗✓✁ ✝ ✑✂✝ ✑✂ ✄ ✡✂✔
✳✞✒✄✗✏ ✄✞✁ ✏✄✓✁✁✄✔ ✳✞✒✄✗✏ ✄✞✁ ✞ ☞✏✁ ✂☞♠✎✁✓✔✙
➇✕ ☞ ✂✁✁✍✂✗✄ ✎ ✄✞✁✓ ✒✎ ☞✄ ♠✁☎ ✖ ☛✒✂ ✄✒✜✁ ☛✒✓✁ ✤
♠✚✏✁✌✤❡✙ s✒✌✌✑ ✏✒✑✍❡ ✄☞✓✂✑✂✝ ✞✁✓ ✤✒☛✁ ✄ ✡✒✓✍✏ ✄✞✁
✡✑✂✍ ✡ ✒✂✍ ✏✄✒✓✑✂✝ ☞✄☎
Oral Comprehension Check
First Flight

✶✦ ❲✧★ ✩✪✫✬ ✭✧✫ ✮✪✯✩✰✮✭✪✱ ✮✲✴✴ ✵✲✴✴✷ ✸✹✲✩✲✹✺✻

✼✦ ❲✧★ ✩✪✫✬ ✵✲✴✴✷ ✬✭✲✯✩ ✰✽ ✪✯ ✭✧✫ ✬✫✲✭✻ ❲✧✲✭ ✩✪✫✬ ✬✧✫ ✬✫✫ ✯✪✾✻
✿✦ ❲✧✲✭ ✩✪✫✬ ✵✲✴✴✷ ✭✫✴✴ ✭✧✫ ✫✴✩✫✱✴★ ✹✲✯ ✾✧✫✯ ✧✫ ✮✲✴✴✬ ✧✫✱ ✲ ✮✧✷✴✩✻
❀✦ ❲✧★ ✩✷✩✯✺✭ ✵✲✴✴✷ ✾✲✯✭ ✭✪ ✹✲❁✫ ❂✱✷✫✯✩✬ ✾✷✭✧ ✭✧✫ ✫✴✩✫✱✴★ ✾✪✹✲✯✻
122
■■■
❍✁✓ ✤✑✓✏✄ ❃ ☞✓✂✁✚ ✠ ✡✞✒✄ ☛✒✓✁✤☞✌❡ ❛✒✑✂✏✄✒✜✑✂✝❡
✁✌✒✎ ✓✒✄✁ ❛✌✒✂✏ ✏✞✁ ✞✒✍ ✞✒✍ ✄ ♠✒✜✁ ✤ ✓ ✑✄✟ ❄✞✁ ✞✒✍
✄✞✓✑✤✄✑✌✚ ✏✒✘✁✍ ✡✞✒✄✁✘✁✓ ✏✄✓✒✚ ☛ ✑✂✏ ☛✒♠✁ ✞✁✓ ✡✒✚❡ thriftily
✓✁✏✑✏✄✑✂✝ ✁✘✁✓✚ ✄✁♠❛✄✒✄✑ ✂ ✄ ✎☞✚ ❛✁❛❛✁✓♠✑✂✄✏❡ ✄ ✚✏❡ spend money
✎✒✌✌ ✂✏❡ ✒✂✍ ✄✞✁ ✌✑✜✁❡ ✒✂✍ ✤✑✂✒✌✌✚ ✏✞✁ ✞✒✍ ✏✒✘✁✍ ✒ carefully
✄ ✄✒✌ ✤ ✏✑✥✄✚ ❛✒✑✏✁☎ ❍ ✡ ✍✑✤✤✑☛☞✌✄ ✑✄ ✞✒✍ ✎✁✁✂❡
❛✒✓✄✑☛☞✌✒✓✌✚ ✄✞✒✄ ✍✒✚ ✒✄ ✄✞✁ ✘✑✌✌✒✝✁ ✤✒✑✓❡ ✎☞✄ ✏✞✁ ✞✒✍
✓✁✏ ✌☞✄✁✌✚ ✏✄✑✤✌✁✍ ✒ ✏✄✓ ✂✝ ✍✁✏✑✓✁ ✄ ✓✑✍✁ ✄✞✁ ♠✁✓✓✚✐ resolutely stifled
✝ ✐✓ ☞✂✍❡ ✁✘✁✂ ✄✞ ☞✝✞ ✏✞✁ ✞✒✍ ✄✞✁ ♠ ✂✁✚☎ suppressed/
controlled with
✛✤✄✁✓ ✏✞✁ ✞✒✍ ✁✂ ☞✝✞ ♠ ✂✁✚ ✏✒✘✁✍❡ ✞✁✓ ✂✁✥✄ determination
❛✓ ✎✌✁♠ ✡✒✏ ✞ ✡ ✄ ✏✌✑❛ ☞✄ ✤ ✄✞✁ ✞ ☞✏✁ ✡✑✄✞ ☞✄
✞✁✓ ♠ ✄✞✁✓✗✏ ✜✂ ✡✌✁✍✝✁☎ ✣☞✄ ✏✞✁ ♠✒✂✒✝✁✍ ✄✞✑✏
✡✑✄✞ ☞✄ ✄ ♠☞☛✞ ✍✑✤✤✑☛☞✌✄✚☎ ✇✘✁✓✚ ✍✒✚ ✒✤✄✁✓ ✌☞✂☛✞
✞✁✓ ♠ ✄✞✁✓ ✡ ☞✌✍ ✂✒❛ ✤✓ ♠ ✒✎ ☞✄ ✂✁ ✄ ✤ ☞✓ ✓ ✏ ☎
s✒✌✌✑ ✒✌✡✒✚✏ ☞✏✁✍ ✄✞✁✏✁ ✞ ☞✓✏ ✤ ✓ ✞✁✓ ❅✁✥☛☞✓✏✑ ✂✏✗
✒✏ ✏✞✁ ✏✄ ✍ ✌ ✜✑✂✝ ✤✓ ♠ ✄✞✁ ✍ ✓✡✒✚ ✤ ✞✁✓ ✞ ☞✏✁
♦ ✁♦✂✄☎✆✂✄✁ ✄✝✄✞ ✝✄✞☎✟ ✄✠ ♦✟☎ ✆✞☎♦ ☎✐✄ ✝✆✡✡☛☞✄✌ ventured out
☎♦✠☛t✍ ☎✐✄✁✄ ✁☛✂✄ ✐♦✟ ✁ ✎♦✟✡✠ ✏✄ ✟✁✄✠ ✑♦ ✐✄ ✑✆ ✁☎ went cautiously,
courageously
✄❡✎✟ ✁✆♦✞ ♦✟☎✁✆✠✄ ☎✐✄ ✝✆✡✡☛☞✄✒
❚✐✄ ✏✟✁ ♦✡✡✄✠ ♦✞ ✞♦✓ ✎✟☎☎✆✞☞ ☛✎ ♦✁✁ ☛ ✏☛ ✄
✡☛✞✠✁✎☛❧✄✍ ✞♦✓ ✟✁✐✆✞☞ ☎✐ ♦✟☞✐ ☛ ☎✆✞t ✐☛✂✡✄☎ ♦
❧☛✁☎ ☛✞ ♦✠✠ ✓☛t✁✆✠✄ ✁✐♦❧✒ ♣♦✂✄☎✆✂✄✁ ☎✐✄ ✏✟✁
✁✄✄✂✄✠ ♦✞ ☎✐✄ ❧♦✆✞☎ ♦✑ ☞♦✏✏✡✆✞☞ ✟❧ ☛✞♦☎✐✄ ✝✄✐✆✎✡✄
☎✐☛☎ ✓☛✁ ✎♦✂✆✞☞ ☎♦✓☛ ✠✁ ☎✐✄✂ ♦ ☛ ❧✄✠✄✁☎ ✆☛✞
✎ ♦✁✁✆✞☞ ☎✐✄ ♦☛✠✒ ❝✟☎ ✡♦✔ ✁♦✂✄✐♦✓ ✆☎ ❧☛✁✁✄✠ ♦✞
✁✂♦♦☎✐✡t✍ ✡✄☛✝✆✞☞ ☛✡✡ ♦✏✁☎☛✎✡✄✁ ✁☛✑✄✡t ✏✄✐✆✞✠✒ ❚ ✄✄✁
✎☛✂✄ ✟✞✞✆✞☞ ☎♦✓☛ ✠✁ ☎✐✄✂ ✏✟☎ ☎✐✄✞ ✁☎♦❧❧✄✠ ☛✁
☎✐✄ ✏✟✁ ✄☛✎✐✄✠ ☎✐✄✂ ☛✞✠ ✁✆✂❧✡t ✁☎♦♦✠ ☎✐✄ ✄
✐✄✡❧✡✄✁✁ ✑♦ ☛ ✂♦✂✄✞☎ ✏t ☎✐✄ ✁✆✠✄ ♦✑ ☎✐✄ ♦☛✠ ✏✄✑♦ ✄
✟✁✐✆✞☞ ☛✓☛t ✆✞ ☎✐✄ ♦☎✐✄ ✠✆ ✄✎☎✆♦✞✒
♣✟✠✠✄✞✡t ❙☛✡✡✆ ✎✡☛❧❧✄✠ ✐✄ ✐☛✞✠✁ ✓✆☎✐ ☞✡✄✄✒ ❛
t♦✟✞☞ ✎♦✓✍ ☎☛✆✡ ✐✆☞✐ ✆✞ ☎✐✄ ☛✆ ✍ ✓☛✁ ✟✞✞✆✞☞ ✝✄ t
✑☛✁☎✍ ✆☞✐☎ ✆✞ ☎✐✄ ✂✆✠✠✡✄ ♦✑ ☎✐✄ ♦☛✠✍ ✆☞✐☎ ✆✞ ✑ ♦✞☎
♦✑ ☎✐✄ ✏✟✁✒ ❚✐✄ ✏✟✁ ✁✡♦✓✄✠ ☎♦ ☛ ✎ ☛✓✡✍ ☛✞✠ ☎✐✄ ✠ ✆✝✄
✁♦✟✞✠✄✠ ✐✆✁ ✐♦ ✞ ✡♦✟✠✡t ☛☞☛✆✞ ☛✞✠ ☛☞☛✆✞✒ ❝✟☎ ☎✐✄
✂♦ ✄ ✐✄ ✐♦✞♠✄✠✍ ☎✐✄ ✂♦ ✄ ✑ ✆☞✐☎✄✞✄✠ ☎✐✄ ☛✞✆✂☛✡
✏✄✎☛✂✄ ☛✞✠ ☎✐✄ ✑☛✁☎✄ ✆☎ ☞☛✡✡♦❧✄✠ ❜ ☛✡✓☛t✁ ✆☞✐☎ ✆✞ 123
✑ ♦✞☎ ♦✑ ☎✐✄ ✏✟✁✒

Madam Rides the Bus

 ❙ ✁✂✄ ☎ ✆✄✝✞ ☎✟✞ ✠✂✡☛ ☞✌✍✍☛ ✆ ✎✟❛❛✝✏ ❙✄✂ ❛✟✌✑✄✂✒
✟✍✒ ❛✟✌✑✄✂✒ ✌✍✆✝❛ ✆✄✂✡✂ ☎✂✡✂ ✆✂✟✡✞ ✝✍ ✄✂✡ ✂☛✂✞✏
➇✓✂☛✔ ❛✟✒☛✔ ✄✟✠✂✍✕✆ ☛ ✌ ❛✟✌✑✄✂✒ ✂✍ ✌✑✄✖✗ ✘✟❛❛✂✒✔
✆✄✂ ✘ ✍✒✌✘✆ ✡✏ ➇✳✂✆✆✂✡ ✞✟✠✂ ✞ ✁✂ ☞ ✡ ✆ ✁ ✡✡ ☎✏✗
❆✆ ❛✟✞✆ ✆✄✂ ✘ ☎ ✁ ✠✂✒ ☞☞ ✆✄✂ ✡ ✟✒✏ ❆✍✒ ✞ ✍ ✆✄✂
❜✌✞ ✘✟✁✂ ✆ ✟ ✡✟✝❛✡ ✟✒ ✘✡ ✞✞✝✍✑✏ ❆ ✞✙✂✘✚ ☞ ✟ ✆✡✟✝✍
✘ ✌❛✒ ❜✂ ✞✂✂✍ ✝✍ ✆✄✂ ✒✝✞✆✟✍✘✂✔ ✑✡ ☎✝✍✑ ❜✝✑✑✂✡ ✟✍✒
❜✝✑✑✂✡ ✟✞ ✝✆ ✒✡✂☎ ✍✂✟✡✏ ✛✄✂✍ ✝✆ ✡✌✞✄✂✒ ✙✟✞✆ ✆✄✂
✘✡ ✞✞✝✍✑ ✑✟✆✂ ☎✝✆✄ ✟ ✆✡✂✁✂✍✒ ✌✞ ✡ ✟✡ ✟✍✒ ✡✟✆✆❛✂✔
✞✄✟✚✝✍✑ ✆✄✂ ❜✌✞✏ ✛✄✂✍ ✆✄✂ ❜✌✞ ☎✂✍✆ ✍ ✟✍✒ ✙✟✞✞✂✒
✆✄✂ ✆✡✟✝✍ ✞✆✟✆✝ ✍✏ t✡ ✁ ✆✄✂✡✂ ✝✆ ✆✡✟✠✂✡✞✂✒ ✟ ❜✌✞☛✔
☎✂❛❛✇❛✟✝✒✇ ✌✆ ✞✄ ✙✙✝✍✑ ✞✆✡✂✂✆ ✟✍✒✔ ✆✌✡✍✝✍✑✔ ✂✍✆✂✡✂✒
✟ ☎✝✒✂✡ ✆✄ ✡ ✌✑✄☞✟✡✂✏ ❙✌✘✄ ❜✝✑✔ ❜✡✝✑✄✆✇❛ ✚✝✍✑ thoroughfare
✞✄ ✙✞s ✜✄✟✆ ✑❛✝✆✆✂✡✝✍✑ ✒✝✞✙❛✟☛✞ ☞ ✘❛ ✆✄✂✞ ✟✍✒ ✆✄✂✡ a busy public road
✁✂✡✘✄✟✍✒✝✞✂s ❙✌✘✄ ❜✝✑ ✘✡ ☎✒✞s merchandise
❙✆✡✌✘✚ ✒✌✁❜ ☎✝✆✄ ☎ ✍✒✂✡✔ ✎✟❛❛✝ ✑✟✙✂✒ ✟✆ ✂✠✂✡☛✆✄✝✍✑✏ things for sale
✛✄✂✍ ✆✄✂ ❜✌✞ ✞✆ ✙✙✂✒ ✟✍✒ ✂✠✂✡☛ ✍✂ ✑ ✆ ☞☞
First Flight

✂❡✘✂✙✆ ✎✟❛❛✝✏
➇✓✂☛✔ ❛✟✒☛✔✗ ✞✟✝✒ ✆✄✂ ✘ ✍✒✌✘✆ ✡✔ ➇✟✡✂✍✕✆ ☛ ✌ ✡✂✟✒☛
✆ ✑✂✆ ☞☞✖ ✛✄✝✞ ✝✞ ✟✞ ☞✟✡ ✟✞ ☛ ✌✡ ✆✄✝✡✆☛ ✙✟✝✞✂
✆✟✚✂✞ ☛ ✌✏✗
➇✢ ✔✗ ✎✟❛❛✝ ✞✟✝✒✔ ➇✣✕✁ ✑ ✝✍✑ ❜✟✘✚ ✍ ✆✄✝✞ ✞✟✁✂
124 ❜✌✞✏✗ ❙✄✂ ✆ ✚ ✟✍ ✆✄✂✡ ✆✄✝✡✆☛ ✙✟✝✞✂ ☞✡ ✁ ✄✂✡ ✙ ✘✚✂✆
✟✍✒ ✄✟✍✒✂✒ ✆✄✂ ✘ ✝✍✞ ✆ ✆✄✂ ✘ ✍✒✌✘✆ ✡✏
➇✜✄☛✔ ✝✞ ✞ ✁✂✆✄✝✍✑ ✆✄✂ ✁✟✆✆✂✡✖✗
➇✢ ✔ ✍ ✆✄✝✍✑✕✞ ✆✄✂ ✁✟✆✆✂✡✏ ✣ ✤✌✞✆ ☞✂❛✆ ❛✝✚✂ ✄✟✠✝✍✑
✟ ❜✌✞ ✡✝✒✂✔ ✆✄✟✆✕✞ ✟❛❛✏✗
➇✥ ✍✕✆ ☛ ✌ ☎✟✍✆ ✆ ✄✟✠✂ ✟ ❛ ✚ ✟✆ ✆✄✂ ✞✝✑✄✆✞✔
✍ ☎ ✆✄✟✆ ☛ ✌✕✡✂ ✄✂✡✂✖✗
➇❆❛❛ ❜☛ ✁☛✞✂❛☞✖ ✦✄✔ ✣✕✒ ❜✂ ✁✌✘✄ ✆ ✟☞✡✟✝✒✏✗
●✡✂✟✆❛☛ ✟✁✌✞✂✒ ❜☛ ✆✄✂ ✑✝✡❛✕✞ ☎✟☛ ☞ ✞✙✂✟✚✝✍✑✔
✆✄✂ ✘ ✍✒✌✘✆ ✡ ✞✟✝✒✔ ➇✳✌✆ ☛ ✌ ☎✂✡✂✍✕✆ ✟☞✡✟✝✒ ✆ ✘ ✁✂
✝✍ ✆✄✂ ❜✌✞✏✗
➇✢ ✆✄✝✍✑ ✆ ❜✂ ✟☞ ✡✟✝✒ ☞ ✟❜ ✌✆ ✆✄✟✆✔✗ ✞✄✂
✟✍✞☎✂✡✂✒✏
➇✜✂❛❛✔ ✆✄✂✍✔ ☎✄☛ ✍ ✆ ✑ ✆ ✆✄✟✆ ✞✆✟❛❛ ✠✂✡ ✆✄✂✡✂
✟✍✒ ✄✟✠✂ ✞ ✁✂✆✄✝✍✑ ✆ ✒✡✝✍✚✖ ✢ ✆✄✝✍✑ ✆ ❜✂ ✟☞✡✟✝✒
☞ ✟❜ ✌✆ ✆✄✟✆ ✂✝✆✄✂✡✏✧
➇✦✄✔ ✍ ✔ ✣ ✘ ✌❛✒✍✕✆ ✒ ✆✄✟✆✏✗
➇✜✂❛❛✔ ✆✄✂✍✔ ❛✂✆ ✁✂ ❜✡✝✍✑ ☛ ✌ ✟ ✘ ❛✒ ✒✡✝✍✚✏✗
 ➇ ✁✂ ✄ ☎✁✆✝✞ ✟✠✡☛ ☛✆✁☞✌✟ ✍✁✆☛✎✏ ✑☞✒✞ ✌✓✡☛ ✍☛
✍✎ ✞✓♠✔☛✞✂ ✞✟✠✞✝✒ ✠✕✕✏✖
➇✄✞✝✕✕ ✗☛ ✍✎ ✞✘☛✠✞ ✠✆☎ ✆✁✞ ♠✁✒✞ ✎✁☞ ✠✆✎✞✟✓✆✌✏✖
➇ ✁✂ ✆✁✂✖ ✒✟☛ ✒✠✓☎ ✙✓✘✍✕✎✂ ➇✚✕☛✠✒☛✂ ✆✁✏✖
❚✟☛ ♠✁✆☎☞♠✞✁✘ ✒✟✘☞✌✌☛☎✂ ✠✆☎ ✞✟☛✎ ✛✠✓✞☛☎ ☞✆✞✓✕
✓✞ ✛✠✒ ✞✓✍☛ ✙✁✘ ✞✟☛ ✗☞✒ ✞✁ ✗☛✌✓✆ ✞✟☛ ✘☛✞☞✘✆ ✐✁☞✘✆☛✎✏
❆✌✠✓✆ ✞✟☛✘☛ ✛☛✘☛✆✝✞ ✍✠✆✎ ✚✠✒✒☛✆✌☛✘✒✏
Oral Comprehension Check
✶✳ ❍✜✢ ✣✤✣ ✥❛✦✦✤ ✧❛★✩ ✪✫ ✬✜✭✩✮ ✯✜✰ ✱✩✰ ✯✤✰✧✲ ✴✜✪✰✭✩✮♥ ✵❛✧ ✤✲ ✩❛✧✮ ✯✜✰ ✱✩✰♥
✷✳ ✵✱❛✲ ✣✤✣ ✥❛✦✦✤ ✧✩✩ ✜✭ ✱✩✰ ✢❛✮ ✲✱❛✲ ✬❛✣✩ ✱✩✰ ✦❛✪✸✱♥
✹✳ ✵✱✮ ✣✤✣✭❲✲ ✧✱✩ ✸✩✲ ✜✯✯ ✲✱✩ ✺✪✧ ❛✲ ✲✱✩ ✺✪✧ ✧✲❛✲✤✜✭♥
✻✳ ✵✱✮ ✣✤✣✭❲✲ ✥❛✦✦✤ ✢❛✭✲ ✲✜ ✸✜ ✲✜ ✲✱✩ ✧✲❛✦✦ ❛✭✣ ✱❛★✩ ❛ ✣✰✤✭✼♥ ✵✱❛✲ ✣✜✩✧
✲✱✤✧ ✲✩✦✦ ✮✜✪ ❛✺✜✪✲ ✱✩✰♥

■✽
➇✾✁✆✝✞ ✎✁☞✘ ✍✁✞✟☛✘ ✗☛ ✕✁✁✔✓✆✌ ✙✁✘ ✎✁☞♦✖ ✞✟☛
♠✁✆☎☞♠✞✁✘ ✠✒✔☛☎ ✛✟☛✆ ✟☛ ✌✠✡☛ ✞✟☛ ✌✓✘✕ ✟☛✘ ✞✓♠✔☛✞✏
➇ ✁✂ ✆✁ ✁✆☛ ✛✓✕✕ ✗☛ ✕✁✁✔✓✆✌ ✙✁✘ ✍☛✂✖ ✒✟☛ ✒✠✓☎✏
❚✟☛ ✗☞✒ ✒✞✠✘✞☛☎✂ ✠✆☎ ✠✌✠✓✆ ✞✟☛✘☛ ✛☛✘☛ ✞✟☛ ✒✠✍☛ 125
✛✁✆☎☛✘✙☞✕ ✒✓✌✟✞✒✏
❱✠✕✕✓ ✛✠✒✆✝✞ ✗✁✘☛☎ ✓✆ ✞✟☛ ✒✕✓✌✟✞☛✒✞ ✠✆☎ ✌✘☛☛✞☛☎
☛✡☛✘✎✞✟✓✆✌ ✛✓✞✟ ✞✟☛ ✒✠✍☛ ☛❡♠✓✞☛✍☛✆✞ ✒✟☛✝☎ ✙☛✕✞ ✞✟☛
✙✓✘✒✞ ✞✓✍☛✏ ❢☞✞ ✒☞☎☎☛✆✕✎ ✒✟☛ ✒✠✛ ✠ ✎✁☞✆✌ ♠✁✛ ✕✎✓✆✌
☎☛✠☎ ✗✎ ✞✟☛ ✘✁✠☎✒✓☎☛✂ ✐☞✒✞ ✛✟☛✘☛ ✓✞ ✟✠☎ ✗☛☛✆ ✒✞✘☞♠✔
✗✎ ✒✁✍☛ ✙✠✒✞❜✍✁✡✓✆✌ ✡☛✟✓♠✕☛✏

Madam Rides the Bus

➇✄✒✆✝✞ ✞✟✠✞ ✞✟☛ ✒✠✍☛ ♠✁✛ ✞✟✠✞ ✘✠✆ ✓✆ ✙✘✁✆✞ ✁✙ ✞✟☛
✗☞✒ ✁✆ ✁☞✘ ✞✘✓✚ ✞✁ ✞✁✛✆♦✖ ✒✟☛ ✠✒✔☛☎ ✞✟☛ ♠✁✆☎☞♠✞✁✘✏
❚✟☛ ♠✁✆☎☞♠✞✁✘ ✆✁☎☎☛☎✂ ✠✆☎ ✒✟☛ ✛✠✒ ✁✡☛✘♠✁✍☛
✛✓✞✟ ✒✠☎✆☛✒✒✏ ✾✟✠✞ ✟✠☎ ✗☛☛✆ ✠ ✕✁✡✠✗✕☛✂ ✗☛✠☞✞✓✙☞✕
♠✘☛✠✞☞✘☛ ✐☞✒✞ ✠ ✕✓✞✞✕☛ ✛✟✓✕☛ ✠✌✁ ✟✠☎ ✆✁✛ ✒☞☎☎☛✆✕✎
✕✁✒✞ ✓✞✒ ♠✟✠✘✍ ✠✆☎ ✓✞✒ ✕✓✙☛ ✠✆☎ ✕✁✁✔☛☎ ✒✁ ✟✁✘✘✓✗✕☛✂ ✒✁
✙✘✓✌✟✞☛✆✓✆✌ ✠✒ ✓✞ ✕✠✎ ✞✟☛✘☛✂ ✕☛✌✒ ✒✚✘☛✠☎☛✠✌✕☛☎✂ ✠ ✙✓❡☛☎ spreadeagled
✒✞✠✘☛ ✓✆ ✓✞✒ ✕✓✙☛✕☛✒✒ ☛✎☛✒✂ ✗✕✁✁☎ ✠✕✕ ✁✡☛✘✏✏✏ spread out
❚✟☛ ✗☞✒ ✍✁✡☛☎ ✁✆✏ ❚✟☛ ✍☛✍✁✘✎ ✁✙ ✞✟☛ ☎☛✠☎ ♠✁✛
✟✠☞✆✞☛☎ ✟☛✘✂ ☎✠✍✚☛✆✓✆✌ ✟☛✘ ☛✆✞✟☞✒✓✠✒✍✏ ✿✟☛ ✆✁ haunted
✕✁✆✌☛✘ ✛✠✆✞☛☎ ✞✁ ✕✁✁✔ ✁☞✞ ✞✟☛ ✛✓✆☎✁✛✏ returned repeatedly
✿✟☛ ✒✠✞ ✞✟☞✒✂ ✌✕☞☛☎ ✞✁ ✟☛✘ ✒☛✠✞✂ ☞✆✞✓✕ ✞✟☛ ✗☞✒ to her mind; was
✘☛✠♠✟☛☎ ✟☛✘ ✡✓✕✕✠✌☛ ✠✞ ✞✟✘☛☛ ✙✁✘✞✎✏ ✿✟☛ ✒✞✁✁☎ ☞✚ ✠✆☎ impossible to forget
 s ✁✂ ✄☎✂✆ ☎✂✁s✂✝✞✟ ✠☎✂✡ s☎✂ ☛✁✡✂✆ ☞ ☎✂ ✄☞✡✆☛✄ ☞✁
❛✡✆ s❛✌✆✍ ✎✏✂✝✝✍ s✌✁✍ ✱ ☎☞✑✂ ☞ s✂✂ ✒☞☛ ❛✓❛✌✡✟✔
✎➇✕❛✒✍ ✖❛✆❛✖✍✔ ☎✂ ❛ ✡s✗✂✁✂✆ ☎✂✁✍ s✖✌✝✌ ✡✓✟
✎✏☎✂✡✂✘✂✁ ✒☞☛ ✞✂✂✝ ✝✌✕✂ ❛ ✙☛s ✁✌✆✂✍ ✄☞✖✂ ❛✡✆ ✚☞✌✡
☛s✟ ✉✡✆ ✆☞✡✛ ✞☞✁✓✂ ☞ ✙✁✌✡✓ ✒☞☛✁ ✞❛✁✂✟✔
❙☎✂ ✝❛☛✓☎✂✆ ❛✡✆ ✚☛✖✑✂✆ ✆☞✗✡ ✞✁☞✖ ☎✂ ✙☛s✟
✠☎✂✡ ❛✗❛✒ s☎✂ ✗✂✡ ✍ ✁☛✡✡✌✡✓ s ✁❛✌✓☎ ✞☞✁ ☎☞✖✂✟
✏☎✂✡ s☎✂ ✂✡ ✂✁✂✆ ☎✂✁ ☎☞☛s✂ s☎✂ ✞☞☛✡✆ ☎✂✁
✖☞ ☎✂✁ ❛✗❛✕✂ ❛✡✆ ❛✝✕✌✡✓ ☞ ☞✡✂ ☞✞ ♠❛✝✝✌✛s ❛☛✡ s✍
☎✂ ☞✡✂ ✞✁☞✖ ❙☞☛ ☎ ❙ ✁✂✂ ✟ ✠☎✌s ❛☛✡ ✗❛s ❛ ✁✂❛✝
✄☎❛ ✂✁✙☞❝✍ ✡✂✘✂✁ ✄✝☞s✌ ✡✓ ☎✂✁ ✖☞☛ ☎ ☞✡✄✂ s☎✂
s ❛✁ ✂✆ ❛✝✕✌✡✓✟
✎✉✡✆ ✗☎✂✁✂ ☎❛✘✂ ✒☞☛ ✙✂✂✡✜✔ s❛✌✆ ☎✂✁ ❛☛✡ ✗☎✂✡
♠❛✝✝✌ ✄❛✖✂ ✌✡✟ ❙☎✂ s✑☞✕✂ ✘✂✁✒ ✄❛s☛❛✝✝✒✍ ✡☞ ✂❝✑✂✄ ✌✡✓
❛ ✁✂✑✝✒✟ ❙☞ ♠❛✝✝✌ ✚☛s s✖✌✝✂✆✍ ❛✡✆ ☎✂✁ ✖☞ ☎✂✁ ❛✡✆
❛☛✡ ✗✂✡ ☞✡ ✗✌ ☎ ☎✂✌✁ ✄☞✡✘✂✁s❛ ✌☞✡✟
✎✢✂s✍ ✒☞☛✛✁✂ ✁✌✓☎ ✍✔ ☎✂✁ ✖☞ ☎✂✁ s❛✌✆✟ ✎❙☞ ✖❛✡✒
First Flight

☎✌✡✓s ✌✡ ☞☛✁ ✖✌✆s ❛✡✆ ✌✡ ☎✂ ✗☞✁✝✆ ☞☛ s✌✆✂✟ t☞✗

✄❛✡ ✗✂ ✑☞ss✌✙✝✒ ✕✡☞✗ ❛✙☞☛ ✂✘✂✁✒ ☎✌✡✓✜ ✉✡✆ ✂✘✂✡
✗☎✂✡ ✗✂ ✆☞ ✕✡☞✗ ❛✙☞☛ s☞✖✂ ☎✌✡✓✍ ✗✂ ☞✞ ✂✡ ✄❛✡✛
☛✡✆✂✁s ❛✡✆ ✌ ✄☞✖✑✝✂ ✂✝✒✍ ✄❛✡ ✗✂✜✔
✎➇☎✍ ✒✂s✣✔ ✙✁✂❛ ☎✂✆ ♠❛✝✝✌✟
126 ✎✏☎❛ ✜✔ ❛s✕✂✆ ☎✂✁ ✖☞ ☎✂✁✟ ✎✏☎❛ ✛s ☎❛ ✒☞☛ s❛✒✜✔
✎➇☎✍✔ s❛✌✆ ♠❛✝✝✌✍ ✎✤ ✗❛s ✚☛s ❛✓✁✂✂✌✡✓ ✗✌ ☎ ✗☎❛
✒☞☛ s❛✌✆ ❛ ✙☞☛ ☎✌ ✡✓s ☎❛ ✑✑✂✡✌ ✡✓ ✗✌ ☎☞ ☛ ☞☛✁
✕✡☞✗✝✂✆✓✂✟✔
✎✥☛s ❛ ✄☎✌ ☞✞ ❛ ✓✌✁✝✍ s☎✂ ✌s✍✔ s❛✌✆ ☎✂✁ ❛☛✡ ✍ ✎❛✡✆
✒✂ ✝☞☞✕ ☎☞✗ s☎✂ ✑☞✕✂s ☎✂✁ ✡☞s✂ ✌✡ ☞ ☞☛✁ ✄☞✡✘✂✁s❛ ✌☞✡✍ pokes her nose
✚☛s ❛s ☎☞☛✓☎ s☎✂ ✗✂✁✂ ❛ ✓✁☞✗✡ ✝❛✆✒✟✔ takes an interest in
something that
♠❛✝✝✌ s✖✌✝✂✆ ☞ ☎✂✁s✂✝✞✟ ❙☎✂ ✆✌✆✡✛ ✗❛✡ ☎✂✖ ☞
doesn't concern her
☛✡✆✂✁s ❛✡✆ ☎✂✁ s✖✌✝✂✟ ✦☛ ✍ ☎✂✡✍ ☎✂✁✂ ✗❛s✡✛ ✖☛✄☎
✄☎❛✡✄✂ ☞✞ ☎❛ ✍ ✗❛s ☎✂✁✂✜

❬✧r★✩✪✫★✬✭✮ ✯r♦✰ ✬✲✭ ✧★✰✳✫

❜✴ ✵✶ ✷✶ ✷✸✩✮★r★✰
■✫✫✸✪✬r★✬✭✮ ❜✴ ✹✶ ✵✶ ✺★✻✰★✩✼
✶✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄✁☎ ✆✁❛❛✝✞☎ ✟✠✠✡✠☎✂ ✟✠☎✝☛✠❡ ☞✝✌✟ ✂ ✠ ✄✍☛✟☎ ✁✌✟ ✡ ☛✁☎✠☎ ✝✌ ✂ ✠ ☎✂✍☛❞
✂ ✁✂ ✂✠❛❛ ❞✍t ✂ ✝☎✳
✷✳ ❍✍✄ ✟✝✟ ✆✁❛❛✝ ✡❛✁✌ ✠☛ ✎t☎ ☛✝✟✠❡ ❲ ✁✂ ✟✝✟ ☎ ✠ ✏✝✌✟ ✍t✂ ✁✎✍t✂ ✂ ✠ ✎t☎✑ ✁✌✟
✍✄ ✟✝✟ ☎ ✠ ☎✁❤✠ t✡ ✂ ✠ ✏✁☛✠❡
✸✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✒✝✌✟ ✍✏ ✁ ✡✠☛☎✍✌ ✝☎ ✆✁❛❛✝❡ ✓✍ ✁✌☎✄✠☛ ✂ ✝☎ ♦t✠☎✂✝✍✌✑ ✡✝✔✒ ✍t✂ ✂ ✠ ✏✍❛❛✍✄✝✌✕
☎✠✌✂✠✌✔✠☎ ✏☛✍s ✂ ✠ ✂✠✖✂ ✁✌✟ ✏✝❛❛ ✝✌ ✂ ✠ ✎❛✁✌✒☎✳ ✓ ✠ ✄✍☛✟☎ ❞✍t ✏✝❛❛ ✝✌ ✁☛✠ ✂ ✠
✔❛t✠☎ ✂✍ ❞✍t☛ ✁✌☎✄✠☛✳
✭✝✮ ➇✗✂✍✡ ✂ ✠ ✎t☎✘ ✗✂✍✡ ✂ ✠ ✎t☎✘✙ ✚✌✟ ✁ ✂✝✌❞ ✁✌✟ ✄✁☎ ☛✁✝☎✠✟ ✳
✭✝✝✮ ➇❨✠☎✑ ✛ ✕✍ ✂✍ ✂✍✄✌✑✙ ☎✁✝✟ ✆✁❛❛✝✑ ☎✂✝❛❛ ☎✂✁✌✟✝✌✕ ✍t✂☎✝✟✠ ✂ ✠
✎t☎✳
✭✝✝✝✮ ➇✓ ✠☛✠✞☎ ✌✍✎✍✟❞ ✠☛✠ ✑✙ ☎ ✠ ☎✁✝✟ ✁t✕ ✂✝❛❞✳ ➇✛✞❤✠ ✡✁✝✟ s❞
✂ ✝☛✂❞ ✡✁✝☎✠ ❛✝✒✠ ✠❤✠☛❞✍✌✠ ✠❛☎✠✳✙
✭✝❤✮ ➇✜✠❤✠☛ s✝✌✟✑✙ ☎ ✠ ☎✁✝✟✑ ➇✛ ✔✁✌ ✳ ❨✍t ✟✍✌✞✂ ✁❤✠ ✂✍ ✠❛✡ s✠✳
✙✛✞s ✌✍✂ ✁ ✔ ✝❛✟✑ ✛ ✂✠❛❛ ❞✍t✑✙ ☎ ✠ ☎✁✝✟✑ ✳
✭❤✮ ➇❨✍t ✌✠✠✟✌✞✂ ✎✍✂ ✠☛ ✁✎✍t✂ s✠✳ ✛ ✑✙ ✆✁❛❛✝ ☎✁✝✟✑ ✂t☛✌✝✌✕ ✠☛
✏✁✔✠ ✂✍✄✁☛✟ ✂ ✠ ✄✝✌✟✍✄ ✁✌✟ ☎✂✁☛✝✌✕ ✍t✂✳
127
✭❤✝✮ ✓ ✠✌ ☎ ✠ ✂t☛✌✠✟ ✂✍ ✂ ✠ ✔✍✌✟t✔✂✍☛ ✁✌✟ ☎✁✝✟✑ ➇❲✠❛❛✑ ☎✝☛✑ ✛ ✍✡✠
✳✙
✹✳ ❲ ❞ ✟✍✠☎ ✂ ✠ ✔✍✌✟t✔✂✍☛ ☛✠✏✠☛ ✂✍ ✆✁❛❛✝ ✁☎ ✢s✁✟✁s✞❡
✺✳ ☞✝✌✟ ✂ ✠ ❛✝✌✠☎ ✝✌ ✂ ✠ ✂✠✖✂ ✄ ✝✔ ✂✠❛❛ ❞✍t ✂ ✁✂ ✆✁❛❛✝ ✄✁☎ ✠✌✣✍❞✝✌✕ ✠☛ ☛✝✟✠ ✍✌
✂ ✠ ✎t☎✳
✻✳ ❲ ❞ ✟✍✠☎ ✆✁❛❛✝ ☛✠✏t☎✠ ✂✍ ❛✍✍✒ ✍t✂ ✍✏ ✂ ✠ ✄✝✌✟✍✄ ✍✌ ✠☛ ✄✁❞ ✎✁✔✒❡

Madam Rides the Bus

✼✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✟✍✠☎ ✆✁❛❛✝ s✠✁✌ ✄ ✠✌ ☎ ✠ ☎✁❞☎✑ ➇✛ ✄✁☎ ✣t☎✂ ✁✕☛✠✠✝✌✕ ✄✝✂ ✄ ✁✂ ❞✍t
☎✁✝✟ ✁✎✍t✂ ✂ ✝✌✕☎ ✁✡✡✠✌✝✌✕ ✄✝✂ ✍t✂ ✍t☛ ✒✌✍✄❛✠✟✕✠✳✙
✽✳ ✓ ✠ ✁t✂ ✍☛ ✟✠☎✔☛✝✎✠☎ ✂ ✠ ✂ ✝✌✕☎ ✂ ✁✂ ✆✁❛❛✝ ☎✠✠☎ ✏☛✍s ✁✌ ✠✝✕ ✂✤❞✠✁☛✤✍❛✟✞☎
✡✍✝✌✂ ✍✏ ❤✝✠✄✳ ♣✁✌ ❞✍t ✏✝✌✟ ✠❤✝✟✠✌✔✠ ✏☛✍s ✂ ✠ ✂✠✖✂ ✏✍☛ ✂ ✝☎ ☎✂✁✂✠s✠✌✂❡

✓ ✝☎ ☎✂✍☛❞ ✁☎ ✁ ❛✍✂ ✍✏ ✡✠✍✡❛✠ ✂✁❛✒✝✌✕ ✝✌ ✝✂✳ ✓ ✠ ✔✍✌✟t✔✂✍☛ ✣✍✒✠☎ ✁✌✟ ❛✁t✕ ☎ ✄✝✂
✆✁❛❛✝✑ ☎✍s✠ ✡✁☎☎✠✌✕✠☛☎ ✂☛❞ ✂✍ ☎ ✍✄ ✂ ✠✝☛ ✔✍✌✔✠☛✌ ✏✍☛ ✠☛✑ ✁✌✟ ✠☛ s✍✂ ✠☛ ✁✌✟
✠☛ ✁t✌✂ ☎✡✠✌✟ ✂✝s✠ ✔ ✁✂✂✝✌✕✳
❘✠✁✟ ✂ ✠ ✔✍✌❤✠☛☎✁✂✝✍✌☎ ✔✁☛✠✏t❛❛❞✳ ✓ ✠✌ ✂ ✝✌✒ ✍✏ ☎✝s✝❛✁☛ ✡✠✍✡❛✠✑ ✍☛ ☎✝s✝❛✁☛
☎✝✂t✁✂✝✍✌☎ ✂ ✁✂ ❞✍t ✁❤✠ ✠✖✡✠☛✝✠✌✔✠✟✳ ✥✝s✝✔ ✁ ✡✠☛☎✍✌ ✍☛ ✡✠☛☎✍✌☎ ✄ ✍ ☎✡✍✒✠ ✂✍
❞✍t✑ ☎✁❞✝✌✕ ✄ ✁✂ ✂ ✠❞ ☎✁✝✟✑ ✁❛✍✌✕ ✄✝✂ ❞✍t☛ ☛✠✡❛✝✠☎✳
 ❲r ✁✂ ✄ ☎✄✆✂ ✝ ✄✞✟✠✁ ✁✡r✂✂ ☎✄r✄✆r✄☎✡❡ ✝ ✟☛ ✟☛✂ ✟☞ ✁✡✂ ☞✟✌✌✟✍ ☛✆ ✁✟☎ ✎❡✏

✶✏ ❍✄✑✂ ✒✟✠ ✂✑✂r ☎✌✄☛☛✂✓ ❡✟✔✂✁✡ ☛✆ ✂☛✁ r✂✌✒ ✟☛ ✒✟✠r ✟✍☛✕ ✍ ✁✡✟✠✁ ✁✄✖ ☛✆ ✆r✟✍☛✗

✠☎❡ ☛✁✟ ✒✟✠r ✎✟☛☞ ✓✂☛✎✂✉ ❲✡✄✁ ✓ ✓ ✒✟✠ ☎✌✄☛✕ ✄☛✓ ✡✟✍✉ ✘ ✓ ✒✟✠ ✎✄rr✒ ✟✠✁
✒✟✠r ☎✌✄☛✉

✷✏ ❍✄✑✂ ✒✟✠ ✔✄✓✂ ✄ ✙✟✠r☛✂✒ ✁✡✄✁ ✍✄❡ ✠☛☞✟r✆✂✁✁✄✞✌✂ ☛ ❡✟✔✂ ✍✄✒✉ ❲✡✄✁ ✔✄✓✂ ✁
✔✂✔✟r✄✞✌✂✉

✸✏ ❆r✂ ✒✟✠ ✎✟☛✎✂r☛✂✓ ✄✞✟✠✁ ✁r✄☞☞ ✎ ✄☛✓ r✟✄✓ ❡✄☞✂✁✒✉ ❲✡✄✁ ✄r✂ ✒✟✠r ✎✟☛✎✂r☛❡✉
❍✟✍ ✍✟✠✌✓ ✒✟✠ ✔✄✖✂ r✟✄✓ ✁r✄✑✂✌ ❡✄☞✂r ✄☛✓ ✔✟r✂ ✂☛✙✟✒✄✞✌✂✉

WHAT WE HAVE DONE

Related the story of Valli’s first bus ride.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

1. The students should be given two or three days to collect old (used) tickets from
their friends, relatives and acquaintances: they could be bus tickets, train tickets,
First Flight

plane tickets, cinema tickets, tickets to cultural events, etc. By the time they finish
the lesson they should be able to get a good collection in place. Get them to make
a collage using as many as possible of the tickets collected, on a sheet of poster
paper. This can then form the basis for many interesting activities: classification
according to type of tickets (for what?) or price (how much?), etc; the most desirable
tickets, the tickets no one wants, etc. — let students think of more ways to classify
128 them. Get students to write a paragraph with the collage as base, and their
imagination as guide.
2. You can also ask the students do the following.
(i) In the story Valli has to save money and make plans to be able to ride the
bus. In pairs, discuss how you spent your pocket money last month. Did you
spend it on yourself, or on someone dear to you?
(ii) Valli's enthusiasm is dampened and the memory of the dead cow haunts her.
In groups, discuss an incident which may have troubled or discouraged you.
 The Tale of Custard
the Dragon
❚ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✁✂ ✞✟✁✠✠✆✡ ✁✡ ✠ ✆ ✂✠☛☞✆ ☎✌ ✍ ✎✍☞☞✍✏ ➋ ✍ ✂☎✡❛
☎✟ ✄☎✆✝ ✠ ✍✠ ✠✆☞☞✂ ✍ ✂✠☎✟☛♦ ✑☎✒ ✝✒✂✠ ✎✆ ✌✍✝✁☞✁✍✟ ✞✁✠ ✎✍☞☞✍✏✂ ✠ ✍✠
✡✍✟✟✍✠✆ ✠✍☞✆✂ ☎✌ ♥☎✒✟✍❛✆ ☎✟ ✆✟☎✁✂✝♦ ❚ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✁✂ ✍ ✒✝☎✟☎✒✂
✎✍☞☞✍✏ ♥☞☎✂✆ ✠☎ ✍ ✄✍✟☎✏☛♦
❘✆✍✏ ✁✠ ✍☞☎✒✏✓ ✄✍☛✁✡❛ ✍✠✠✆✡✠✁☎✡ ✠☎ ✠ ✆ ✟ ☛✠ ✝♦

❇✔✕✖✗✘✙ ✕✖✚✔✘ ✖✗ ✙ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✜✢✖✛✔ ✢✣✤✥✔✦

❲✖✛✢ ✙ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✧✕✙★✩ ✩✖✛✛✔✗ ✙✗✘ ✙ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✪✫✔✬ ✭✣✤✥✔✦
❆✗✘ ✙ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✬✔✕✕✣✜ ✘✣✪ ✙✗✘ ✙ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✫✔✘ ✜✙✪✣✗✦
❆✗✘ ✙ ✫✔✙✕✖✣✦ ✛✫✤✕✖✣✦ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✮✔✛ ✘✫✙✪✣✗✯

◆✣✜ ✛✢✔ ✗✙✭✔ ✣✰ ✛✢✔ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✧✕✙★✩ ✩✖✛✛✔✗ ✜✙✥ ✱✗✩✦

❆✗✘ ✛✢✔ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✪✫✔✬ ✭✣✤✥✔✦ ✥✢✔ ★✙✕✕✔✘ ✢✖✭ ❇✕✖✗✩✦
❆✗✘ ✛✢✔ ✕✖✛✛✕✔ ✬✔✕✕✣✜ ✘✣✪ ✜✙✥ ✥✢✙✫✮ ✙✥ ✲✤✥✛✙✫✘✦
❇✤✛ ✛✢✔ ✘✫✙✪✣✗ ✜✙✥ ✙ ★✣✜✙✫✘✦ ✙✗✘ ✥✢✔ ★✙✕✕✔✘ ✢✖✭ ✳✤✥✛✙✫✘✯

✳✤✥✛✙✫✘ ✛✢✔ ✘✫✙✪✣✗ ✢✙✘ ✧✖✪ ✥✢✙✫✮ ✛✔✔✛✢✦

❆✗✘ ✥✮✖✩✔✥ ✣✗ ✛✣✮ ✣✰ ✢✖✭ ✙✗✘ ✥★✙✕✔✥ ✤✗✘✔✫✗✔✙✛✢✦
✲✣✤✛✢ ✕✖✩✔ ✙ ✰✖✫✔✮✕✙★✔✦ ★✢✖✭✗✔✬ ✰✣✫ ✙ ✗✣✥✔✦
❆✗✘ ✫✔✙✕✖✣✦ ✛✫✤✕✖✣ ✘✙✪✪✔✫✥ ✣✗ ✢✖✥ ✛✣✔✥✯

❇✔✕✖✗✘✙ ✜✙✥ ✙✥ ✧✫✙✚✔ ✙✥ ✙ ✧✙✫✫✔✕ ✰✤✕✕ ✣✰ ✧✔✙✫✥✦

❆✗✘ ✱✗✩ ✙✗✘ ❇✕✖✗✩ ★✢✙✥✔✘ ✕✖✣✗✥ ✘✣✜✗ ✛✢✔ ✥✛✙✖✫✥✦
✲✤✥✛✙✫✘ ✜✙✥ ✙✥ ✧✫✙✚✔ ✙✥ ✙ ✛✖✪✔✫ ✖✗ ✙ ✫✙✪✔✦
❇✤✛ ✳✤✥✛✙✫✘ ★✫✖✔✘ ✰✣✫ ✙ ✗✖★✔ ✥✙✰✔ ★✙✪✔✯
 ❇ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✝✂✞✟✁ ☎ ✠✂✡☛ ☞✠ ✝✂✞✟✁ ☎ ✠✂✡ ✌✄✡ ✍✞✂✎✌✁☛
■✄✟☛ ❇✁✂✄✟ ✆✄☎ ✏✌☞✝✆✍☎☛ ✝✠ ✑ ✍✌☎ ✁✑ ✞✆✁✁ ☎ ✠✂✡ ✒ ✍✞✂✓✆✁☛
❚✠ ✑ ✆✁✁ ☞✆✝ ✁✆✌✔✠✂✄✔ ✂✄ ✝✠ ✁✂✝✝✁ ✍ ☎ ✕✆✔✖✄
❆✝ ✝✠ ✍ ✆✁✂✖☛ ✝✍✌✁✂✖☛ ✞✖✕✆✍☎✁✑ ☎✍✆✔✖✄✗

❇ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✔✂✔✔✁ ☎ ✝✂✁✁ ☞✠ ☞✠✖✖✟ ✝✠ ✠✖✌☞ ☛

❆✄☎ ❇✁✂✄✟ ☞✆✂☎ ✘ ✞✟❡ ✕✠✂✞✠ ✂☞ ✔✂✔✔✁✂✄✔ ✎✖✍ ✆ ✡✖✌☞ ☛
■✄✟ ✆✄☎ ✏✌☞✝✆✍☎ ✍✌☎ ✁✑ ✆☞✟ ☎ ✠✂☞ ✆✔ ☛
✘✠ ✄ ❲✌☞✝✆✍☎ ✞✍✂ ☎ ✎✖✍ ✆ ✄✂✞ ☞✆✎ ✞✆✔ ✗

❙✌☎☎ ✄✁✑☛ ☞✌☎☎ ✄✁✑ ✝✠ ✑ ✠ ✆✍☎ ✆ ✄✆☞✝✑ ☞✖✌✄☎☛

❆✄☎ ✏✌☞✝✆✍☎ ✔✍✖✕✁ ☎☛ ✆✄☎ ✝✠ ✑ ✆✁✁ ✁✖✖✟ ☎ ✆✍✖✌✄☎✗
✏ ✖✕✞✠❡ ✞✍✂ ☎ ■✄✟☛ ✆✄☎ ✖✖✠❡ ✞✍✂ ☎ ❇ ✁✂✄☎✆☛
❋✖✍ ✝✠ ✍ ✕✆☞ ✆ ✙✂✍✆✝ ☛ ✞✁✂✡✚✂✄✔ ✂✄ ✝✠ ✕✂✄☎✆✗
First Flight

✒✂☞✝✖✁ ✂✄ ✠✂☞ ✁ ✎✝ ✠✆✄☎☛ ✙✂☞✝✖✁ ✂✄ ✠✂☞ ✍✂✔✠✝☛

❆✄☎ ✠ ✠ ✁☎ ✂✄ ✠✂☞ ✝ ✝✠ ✆ ✞✌✝✁✆☞☞ ✚✍✂✔✠✝☛
❍✂☞ ✚ ✆✍☎ ✕✆☞ ✚✁✆✞✟☛ ✖✄ ✁ ✔ ✕✆☞ ✕✖✖☎✛
130 ■✝ ✕✆☞ ✞✁ ✆✍ ✝✠✆✝ ✝✠ ✙✂✍✆✝ ✡ ✆✄✝ ✄✖ ✔✖✖☎✗

❇ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✙✆✁ ☎☛ ✆✄☎ ☞✠ ✞✍✂ ☎ ❍ ✁✙❡ ❍ ✁✙❡

❇✌✝ ✏✌☞✝✆✍☎ ✎✁ ☎ ✕✂✝✠ ✆ ✝ ✍✍✂✎✂ ☎ ✑ ✁✙☛
■✄✟ ✝✍✂✞✟✁ ☎ ☎✖✕✄ ✝✖ ✝✠ ✚✖✝✝✖✡ ✖✎ ✝✠ ✠✖✌☞ ✠✖✁☎☛
❆✄☎ ✁✂✝✝✁ ✡✖✌☞ ❇✁✂✄✟ ☞✝✍✆✝ ✔✂✞✆✁✁✑ ✡✖✌☞ ✠✖✁ ☎✗

❇✌✝ ✌✙ ✜✌✡✙ ☎ ❲✌☞✝✆✍☎☛ ☞✄✖✍✝✂✄✔ ✁✂✟ ✆✄ ✄✔✂✄ ☛

❲✁✆☞✠ ☎ ✠✂☞ ✝✆✂✁ ✁✂✟ ✂✍✖✄☞ ✂✄ ✆ ☎✌✄✔ ✖✄☛
✘✂✝✠ ✆ ✞✁✆✝✝ ✍ ✆✄☎ ✆ ✞✁✆✄✟ ✆✄☎ ✆ ✜✆✄✔✁✂✄✔ ☞✢✌✂✍✡☛
❍ ✕ ✄✝ ✆✝ ✝✠ ✙✂✍✆✝ ✁✂✟ ✆ ✍✖✚✂✄ ✆✝ ✆ ✕✖✍✡✗

❚✠ ✙✂✍✆✝ ✔✆✙ ☎ ✆✝ ❇ ✁✂✄☎✆✣☞ ☎✍✆✔✖✄☛

❆✄☎ ✔✌✁✙ ☎ ☞✖✡ ✔✍✖✔ ✎✍✖✡ ✠✂☞ ✙✖✞✟ ✝ ✎✁✆✔✖✄☛
❍ ✎✂✍ ☎ ✝✕✖ ✚✌✁✁ ✝☞☛ ✚✌✝ ✝✠ ✑ ☎✂☎✄✣✝ ✠✂✝☛
❆✄☎ ❲✌☞✝✆✍☎ ✔✖✚✚✁ ☎ ✠✂✡☛ ✓ ✍✑ ✚✂✝✗
❇ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✝✞✟✆✠ ☎ ✡✂✝☛ ☞✌✍✎✆✟☎ ✁✂✠✏ ☎ ✡✂✝☛
◆✑ ✑✄ ✝✑✌✟✄ ☎ ✒✑✟ ✡✂✍ ✓✂✟✆✎ ✔✂✠✎✂✝✕
■✄✏ ✆✄☎ ❇✁✂✄✏ ✂✄ ✖✁ ☎✂☎ ✖✗✟✆✎
❆✟✑✌✄☎ ✎✡ ☎✟✆✖✑✄ ✎✡✆✎ ✆✎ ✎✡ ✓✂✟✆✎ ✕

❇✌✎ ✓✟ ✍ ✄✎✁✗ ✌✓ ✍✓✑✏ ✁✂✎✎✁ ☎✑✖ ☞✌✍✎✆✟☎☛

■✘☎ ✡✆✔ ✞ ✄ ✎✙✂✠ ✆✍ ✞✟✆✔ ✂✒ ■ ✡✆☎✄✘✎ ✞ ✄ ✒✁✌✍✎ ✟ ☎✕
❆✄☎ ✌✓ ✍✓✑✏ ■✄✏ ✆✄☎ ✌✓ ✍✓✑✏ ❇✁✂✄✏☛
❲ ✘☎ ✡✆✔ ✞ ✄ ✎✡✟ ✎✂✝ ✍ ✆✍ ✞✟✆✔ ☛ ✙ ✎✡✂✄✏☛
❆✄☎ ✚✌✍✎✆✟☎ ✍✆✂☎☛ ■ ✛✌✂✎ ✆✖✟
❚✡✆✎ ✔ ✟✗✞✑☎✗ ✂✍ ✞✟✆✔ ✟ ✎✡✆✄ ✝ ✕

❇ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✍✎✂✁✁ ✁✂✔ ✍ ✂✄ ✡ ✟ ✁✂✎✎✁ ✙✡✂✎ ✡✑✌✍ ☛

❲✂✎✡ ✡ ✟ ✁✂✎✎✁ ✞✁✆✠✏ ✏✂✎✎ ✄ ✆✄☎ ✡ ✟ ✁✂✎✎✁ ✖✟ ✗ ✝✑✌✍ ☛
❆✄☎ ✡ ✟ ✁✂✎✎✁ ✗ ✁✁✑✙ ☎✑✖ ✆✄☎ ✡ ✟ ✁✂✎✎✁ ✟ ☎ ✙✆✖✑✄☛
❆✄☎ ✡ ✟ ✟ ✆✁✂✑☛ ✎✟✌✁✂✑ ✁✂✎✎✁ ✓ ✎ ☎✟✆✖✑✄✕

❇ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✂✍ ✆✍ ✞✟✆✔ ✆✍ ✆ ✞✆✟✟ ✁ ✒✌✁✁ ✑✒ ✞ ✆✟✍☛ 131

❆✄☎ ■✄✏ ✆✄☎ ❇✁✂✄✏ ✠✡✆✍ ✁✂✑✄✍ ☎✑✙✄ ✎✡ ✍✎✆✂✟✍☛
☞✌✍✎✆✟☎ ✂✍ ✆✍ ✞✟✆✔ ✆✍ ✆ ✎✂✖ ✟ ✂✄ ✆ ✟✆✖ ☛
❇✌✎ ✚✌✍✎✆✟☎ ✏ ✓✍ ✠✟✗✂✄✖ ✒✑✟ ✆ ✄✂✠ ✍✆✒ ✠✆✖ ✕

❖●✜✢✣ ✥✤✦✧

The Tale of Custard the Dragon

Ogden Nash wrote over four hundred pieces of comic verse. The
best of his work was published in 14 volumes between 1931 and
1972. His work is perhaps best described in this poetic tribute by
Anthony Burgess:
...he brought a new kind of sound to our literary diversions.
And didn’t care much about breaking the poetic laws of the Medes
and the Persians.
He uses lines, sometimes of considerable length that are colloquial
and prosy.
And at the end presents you with a rhyme...
This bringing together of the informal and the formal is what his
genius chiefly loves.
I am trying to imitate him here, but he is probably quite inimitable.
 ❣ ✁❣✿ ✂ ✄☎✆✝✞ ✟✠✡✆☛✂☞☞✠ ✄☎✌✝✞ ✍✠ ✎✂✆☞✏☎✎
❣✑ ✒✓✔✿ ✟✏ ✕✏✖✗ ✂☎✏✌✝✄ ✆✝ ☛✆☎☛☞✗✎

✶✳ ❲✘✏ ✂☎✗ ✟✘✗ ☛✘✂☎✂☛✟✗☎✎ ✆✝ ✟✘✆✎ ✡✏✗✕✙ ✚✆✎✟ ✟✘✗✕ ✛✆✟✘ ✟✘✗✆☎ ✡✗✟ ✝✂✕✗✎✳
✷✳ ❲✘✠ ✄✆✄ ✜✌✎✟✂☎✄ ☛☎✠ ✢✏☎ ✂ ✝✆☛✗ ✎✂✢✗ ☛✂✣✗✙ ❲✘✠ ✆✎ ✟✘✗ ✄☎✂✣✏✝ ☛✂☞☞✗✄ ✤☛✏✛✂☎✄☞✠
✄☎✂✣✏✝❞✙
✸✳ ✤➇✗☞✆✝✄✂ ✟✆☛✞☞✗✄ ✘✆✕✥ ✎✘✗ ✟✆☛✞☞✗✄ ✘✆✕ ✌✝✕✗☎☛✆✢✌☞✳✳✳❞ ❲✘✠✙
✹✳ ❚✘✗ ✡✏✗✟ ✘✂✎ ✗✕✡☞✏✠✗✄ ✕✂✝✠ ✡✏✗✟✆☛ ✄✗✖✆☛✗✎ ✆✝ ✟✘✗ ✡✏✗✕✳ ✦✏☎ ✗✧✂✕✡☞✗✿
✤✜☞✂✎✘✗✄ ✘✆✎ ✟✂✆☞ ☞✆✞✗ ✆☎✏✝ ✆✝ ✂ ✄✌✝✣✗✏✝❞ ★ ✟✘✗ ✡✏✗✟✆☛ ✄✗✖✆☛✗ ✘✗☎✗ ✆✎ ✂
✎✆✕✆☞✗✳ ✜✂✝ ✠✏✌✥ ✛✆✟✘ ✠✏✌☎ ✡✂☎✟✝✗☎✥ ☞✆✎✟ ✎✏✕✗ ✕✏☎✗ ✎✌☛✘ ✡✏✗✟✆☛ ✄✗✖✆☛✗✎
✌✎✗✄ ✆✝ ✟✘✗ ✡✏✗✕✙
✺✳ ❘✗✂✄ ✎✟✂✝✩✂ ✟✘☎✗✗ ✂✣✂✆✝ ✟✏ ✞✝✏✛ ✘✏✛ ✟✘✗ ✡✏✗✟ ✄✗✎☛☎✆✍✗✎ ✟✘✗ ✂✡✡✗✂☎✂✝☛✗ ✏✢
✟✘✗ ✄☎✂✣✏✝✳
✻✳ ✜✂✝ ✠✏✌ ✢✆✝✄ ✏✌✟ ✟✘✗ ☎✘✠✕✗ ✎☛✘✗✕✗ ✏✢ ✟✛✏ ✏☎ ✟✘☎✗✗ ✎✟✂✝✩✂✎ ✏✢ ✟✘✗ ✡✏✗✕✙
First Flight

✼✳ ❲☎✆✟✗☎✎ ✌✎✗ ✛✏☎✄✎ ✟✏ ✣✆✖✗ ✌✎ ✂ ✡✆☛✟✌☎✗ ✏☎ ✆✕✂✣✗ ✛✆✟✘✏✌✟ ✂☛✟✌✂☞☞✠ ✎✂✠✆✝✣ ✛✘✂✟
✟✘✗✠ ✕✗✂✝✳ ✜✂✝ ✠✏✌ ✟☎✂☛✗ ✎✏✕✗ ✆✕✂✣✗✎ ✌✎✗✄ ✆✝ ✟✘✗ ✡✏✗✕✙
✽✳ ❉✏ ✠✏✌ ✢✆✝✄ ✪✫✬ ✪✭✮✬ ✯✰ ✱✲✴✵✭✾❀ ✵✫✬ ❁✾✭❂✯❃ ✟✏ ✍✗ ✂ ✎✗☎✆✏✌✎ ✏☎ ✂ ☞✆✣✘✟t✘✗✂☎✟✗✄
✡✏✗✕✙ ♣✆✖✗ ☎✗✂✎✏✝✎ ✟✏ ✎✌✡✡✏☎✟ ✠✏✌☎ ✂✝✎✛✗☎✳
❄✳ ❚✘✆✎ ✡✏✗✕✥ ✆✝ ✍✂☞☞✂✄ ✢✏☎✕✥ ✟✗☞☞✎ ✂ ✎✟✏☎✠✳ ❅✂✖✗ ✠✏✌ ☛✏✕✗ ✂☛☎✏✎✎ ✂✝✠ ✎✌☛✘
132 ✕✏✄✗☎✝ ✎✏✝✣ ✏☎ ☞✠☎✆☛ ✟✘✂✟ ✟✗☞☞✎ ✂ ✎✟✏☎✠✙ ♠✢ ✠✏✌ ✞✝✏✛ ✏✝✗✥ ✟✗☞☞ ✆✟ ✟✏ ✟✘✗ ☛☞✂✎✎✳
✜✏☞☞✗☛✟ ✎✌☛✘ ✎✏✝✣✎ ✂✎ ✂ ✡☎✏❈✗☛✟✳

❅✂✖✗ ✢✌✝ ✛☎✆✟✆✝✣ ✠✏✌☎ ✍✂☞☞✂✄✳ ♣✂✟✘✗☎ ✆✝✢✏☎✕✂✟✆✏✝ ❍☛✘✏✏✎✗❆✄✗☛✆✄✗ ✂✝ ✆✄✗✂❆✟✘✗✕✗❇✥

✏☎✣✂✝✆✎✗ ✠✏✌☎ ✕✂✟✗☎✆✂☞✎ ✌✝✄✗☎ ☛✘✂☎✂☛✟✗☎✎ ✂✝✄ ✎✟✏☎✠ ✂✝✄ ✟✘✗✝ ✛☎✆✟✗✳ ❘✗✖✆✎✗ ✂✝✄ ✗✄✆✟
✠✏✌☎ ✍✂☞☞✂✄ ✟✏ ✕✂✞✗ ✆✟ ✗✝✟✗☎✟✂✆✝✆✝✣✳ ❡✎✗ ✟✘✗ ✢✏☞☞✏✛✆✝✣ ✣✌✆✄✗☞✆✝✗✎ ✟✏ ✛☎✆✟✗ ✠✏✌☎ ✍✂☞☞✂✄✳
⑩ P✲✾❊✯✴✬ ✯✰ ❋✾●✵●❃❂ ✵✫✬ ■✭✮✮✭❀❏ ✟✏ ✗✝✟✗☎✟✂✆✝ ✂✝✄ ✆✝✟✗☎✗✎✟
⑩ ✪✯ ❋✫✯❑ ▲ ✭❑ ❋✾●✵●❃❂❏ ✄✗☛✆✄✗ ✢✏☎ ✛✘✏✕ ✠✏✌ ✂☎✗ ✛☎✆✟✆✝✣
⑩ ▼✯❋ ✴✫✯✲✮❀ ▲ ✴✵✾✲◆✵✲✾✬ ✰✬✭✵✲✾✬✴❖❏
➊ ❚✗☞☞ ✂ ✎✆✕✡☞✗ ✝✂☎☎✂✟✆✖✗
➊ ◗ ✢✗✛ ✕✂❈✏☎ ☛✘✂☎✂☛✟✗☎✎
➊ ◗ ✎✟☎✏✝✣ ☎✘✠✟✘✕ ✂✝✄ ☎✘✠✕✗
➊ ❙✂✠ ✘✂✖✗ ✂ ☎✗✢☎✂✆✝ ❍✎✆✝✣☞✗ ✏☎ ✟✛✏ ☞✆✝✗❍✎❇ ☎✗✡✗✂✟✗✄ ✏✢✟✗✝❇
➊ ❉✆✖✆✄✗ ✆✝✟✏ ✖✗☎✎✗✎
 BEFORE YOU READ
❆ ✁✂✄✂✁☎
❯✆✝ ✞ ✟✠✡☛✠☞✌✞✍✎ ☞✍ ✞✆✏ ✑☞✍ ✎☞✒✍ ☛✝✞✡✓✝✍✔✆ ✓✝✕✖ ✞✆ ✎☞✒ ✟✠✆✡✒✆✆ ☛✓✝
✑☞✕✕☞❢✠✌✗ ✘✒✝✆☛✠☞✌✆ ✠✌ ✗✍☞✒✖✆✙
✶✙ ❲✓✞☛ ✠✆ ✞ ✆✝✍✚☞✌✛ ✜✆ ✠☛ ✟✠✑✑✝✍✝✌☛ ✑✍☞✚ ✞ ✕✝✡☛✒✍✝ ☞✍ ✞ ☛✞✕✏✛ ✢✞✌
☛✓✠✆ ❢☞✍✟ ✞✕✆☞ t✝ ✒✆✝✟ ✠✌ ✞ ✌✝✗✞☛✠✣✝ ❢✞✎ ☞✍ ✞✆ ✞ ✤☞✏✝ ✥✞✆ ✠✌
➇✚✎ ✚☞☛✓✝✍✔✆ ✆✝✍✚☞✌ ✞t☞✒☛ ✗✝☛☛✠✌✗ ✚✎ ❢☞✍✏ ✟☞✌✝ ☞✌ ☛✠✚✝✦✧★✛
✷✙ ❋✠✌✟ ☞✒☛ ☛✓✝ ✚✝✞✌✠✌✗✆ ☞✑ ☛✓✝ ❢☞✍✟✆ ✞✌✟ ✖✓✍✞✆✝✆ ✗✠✣✝✌ ✠✌
☛✓✝ t☞✩✙
✞✑✑✕✠✡☛✝✟ ❢✠☛✓ t✝ ✡☞✚✖☞✆✝✟ ✟✝✆☞✕✞☛✠☞✌❞
✕✞✚✝✌☛✞☛✠☞✌ ✖✍☞✡✒✍✝ t✝ ✆✒t✤✝✡☛ ☛☞
✸✙ ❍✞✣✝ ✎☞✒ ✓✝✞✍✟ ☞✑ ☛✓✝ ✪✝✍✚☞✌ ☞✌ ☛✓✝ ✫☞✒✌☛✛ ❲✓☞ ✟✝✕✠✣✝✍✝✟ ✠☛✛
❲✓☞ ✟☞ ✎☞✒ ☛✓✠✌✏ ✟✝✕✠✣✝✍✝✟ ✞ ✆✝✍✚☞✌ ✞☛ ✬✝✌✞✍✝✆✛

●✭✮✯✭✰✭ ✱✲✳✳✴✵ ✹✺✻✼ ✱✽✾✽ ➊ ✿❀✼ ✱✽✾✽❁ ❂❃❄✵❅ ❇❈❉❃ ✵❊ ✵

♣■❈❅❏❃ ❅✵❑❃✳ ▲❈✳✳✴✵■▼✴✵ ●✵✲▼✵❑✵◆ ❈❅ ❅❖■▼✴❃■❅
P❅✳❈✵✽ ◗▼ ▼❘❃❇❙❃◆ ✴❃ ❘✵❊ ❊❃❅▼ ✵❘✵❚ ❉❖■ ❊❏✴❖❖❇❈❅❄ ❈❅
▼✴❃ ❱❈❅✳✲ ❊✵❏■❃✳ ❊❏■❈♣▼✲■❃❊ ✵❅✳ ❉❖✲■ ❚❃✵■❊ ❇✵▼❃■ ✴❃
■❃▼✲■❅❃✳ ✴❖❑❃ ▼❖ ❑✵■■❚ ✵ ♣■❈❅❏❃❊❊✽ r✴❃❚ ✴✵✳ ✵ ❊❖❅
✵❅✳ ❇❈❙❃✳ ❉❖■ ▼❃❅ ❚❃✵■❊ ✵❊ ❂❃❉❈▼▼❃✳ ■❖❚✵❇▼❚✽ ◗▼ ✵❂❖✲▼
▼✴❃ ✵❄❃ ❖❉ ▼❘❃❅▼❚❡❉❈❙❃◆ ▼✴❃ ❳■❈❅❏❃◆ ✴❃■❃▼❖❉❖■❃ ❊✴❈❃❇✳❃✳
❉■❖❑ ▼✴❃ ❊✲❉❉❃■❈❅❄❊ ❖❉ ▼✴❃ ❘❖■❇✳◆ ❘✴❈❇❃ ❖✲▼ ✴✲❅▼❈❅❄
❏✴✵❅❏❃✳ ✲♣❖❅ ✵ ❊❈❏❛ ❑✵❅◆ ▼✴❃❅ ✵❅ ✵❄❃✳ ❑✵❅◆ ▼✴❃❅ chanced upon
✵ ❉✲❅❃■✵❇ ♣■❖❏❃❊❊❈❖❅◆ ✵❅✳ ❉❈❅✵❇❇❚ ✵ ❑❖❅❛ ❂❃❄❄❈❅❄ came across by
chance
❉❖■ ✵❇❑❊✽ r✴❃❊❃ ❊❈❄✴▼❊ ❊❖ ❑❖❙❃✳ ✴❈❑ ▼✴✵▼ ✴❃ ✵▼
❖❅❏❃ ❘❃❅▼ ❖✲▼ ❈❅▼❖ ▼✴❃ ❘❖■❇✳ ▼❖ ❊❃❃❛ ❃❅❇❈❄✴▼❃❅❑❃❅▼
❏❖❅❏❃■❅❈❅❄ ▼✴❃ ❊❖■■❖❘❊ ✴❃ ✴✵✳ ❘❈▼❅❃❊❊❃✳✽ enlightenment
❱❃ ❘✵❅✳❃■❃✳ ❉❖■ ❊❃❙❃❅ ❚❃✵■❊ ✵❅✳ ❉❈❅✵❇❇❚ ❊✵▼ a state of high
spiritual knowledge
✳❖❘❅ ✲❅✳❃■ ✵ ♣❃❃♣✵❇ ▼■❃❃◆ ❘✴❃■❃ ✴❃ ❙❖❘❃✳ ▼❖ ❊▼✵❚
 ✉ ✁✂✄ ☎ ✄✂✆✝✁☎ ✞☎ ✁ ✟✠✞☎✡ ☛ ✄✂✆✝✁☎ ☎☞ ✠✌✁☎✍ ✎☎✏☎
☞✠❞✎✑ ✝☎ ✍☎ ✠✞☎☞ ✁✝☎ ✁✍☎☎ ✁✝☎ ❇✒☞✝✂ ✥✍☎☎ ❡✥✍☎☎ ✒✌ sermon
❲✂✎☞✒✞✓ ✠ ☞ ✔☎✆✠ ✁✒ ✁☎✠✟✝ ✠ ☞ ✁✒ ✎✝✠✍☎ ✝✂✎ ☎✕ religious or moral
✉ ☞☎✍✎✁✠ ☞✂ ✆✎✡ ✖✁ ✁✝✠✁ ✗✒✂ ✁ ✝☎ ✔☎✟✠✞☎ ✘ ✒✕ ✠✎ talk
✁✝☎ ❇✉☞☞✝✠ ❡✁✝☎ ✖✕✠✘☎ ☎☞ ✒✍ ✁✝☎ ☛ ✄✂✆✝✁☎ ☎☞✓✡ ✥✝☎ dipping places
❇✉☞☞✝✠ ✗✍☎✠✟✝☎☞ ✝✂✎ ✌✂✍✎✁ ✎☎✍✞✒ ✠✁ ✁✝☎ ✟✂✁❞ ✒✌ bathing
❇☎ ✠✍☎✎✑ ✞✒✎✁ ✝✒✄❞ ✒✌ ✁✝☎ ☞✂✗✗✂ ✆ ✗✄✠✟☎✎ ✒ ✁✝☎ ♦✂✏☎✍ inscrutable
●✠ ✆☎✎✙ ✁✝✠✁ ✎☎✍✞✒ ✝✠✎ ✔☎☎ ✗✍☎✎☎✍✏☎☞ ✠ ☞ ✂✎ ✆✂✏☎ something which
✝☎✍☎✡ ❤✁ ✍☎✌✄☎✟✁✎ ✁✝☎ ❇✉☞☞✝✠✚✎ ✕✂✎☞✒✞ ✠✔✒✉✁ ✒ ☎ cannot be
✂ ✎✟✍✉✁✠✔✄☎ ✘✂ ☞ ✒✌ ✎✉✌✌☎✍✂ ✆✡ understood

❑✛✜✢ ✣✤✦✢✧✛ ★✢✩ ✢✪ ✤✪✫✬ ✜✤✪✭ ✢✪✩ ★✮ ✩✛✮✩✯ ✰✪ ★✮✱ ✲✱✛✮✳

✜★✮ s✢✱✱✛✮✩ ✦★✮ ✩✮✢✩ s★✛✫✩ ✦✤ ✢✫✫ ★✮✱ ✪✮✛✲★✴✤✵✱✜✭ ✢✜✶✛✪✲
✦★✮✧ ✳✤✱ ✧✮✩✛s✛✪✮✭ ✢✪✩ ✦★✮ t✮✤t✫✮ ✜✢✛✩✭ ✷✸★✮ ★✢✜ ✫✤✜✦
★✮✱ ✜✮✪✜✮✜✯ ✹★✮ ✴✤✬ ✛✜ ✩✮✢✩✯✺
❆✦ ✫✮✪✲✦★✭ ❑✛✜✢ ✣✤✦✢✧✛ ✧✮✦ ✢ ✧✢✪ ✻★✤ ✱✮t✫✛✮✩ ✦✤ ★✮✱
✱✮r✵✮✜✦✭ ✷✰ s✢✪✪✤✦ ✲✛✼✮ ✦★✮✮ ✧✮✩✛s✛✪✮ ✳✤✱ ✦★✬ s★✛✫✩✭ ✴✵✦ ✰
✶✪✤✻ ✢ t★✬✜✛s✛✢✪ ✻★✤ s✢✪✯✺
❆✪✩ ✦★✮ ✲✛✱✫ ✜✢✛✩✭ ✷✽✱✢✬ ✦✮✫✫ ✧✮✭ ✜✛✱✾ ✻★✤ ✛✜ ✛✦✿✺ ❆✪✩
First Flight

✦★✮ ✧✢✪ ✱✮t✫✛✮✩✭ ❀✣✤ ✦✤ ✸✢✶✬✢✧✵✪✛✭ ✦★✮ ❁✵✩✩★✢✯✺

❑✛✜✢ ✣✤✦✢✧✛ ✱✮t✢✛✱✮✩ ✦✤ ✦★✮ ❁✵✩✩★✢ ✢✪✩ s✱✛✮✩✭ ✷❂✤✱✩ repaired (a stylistic
✢✪✩ ❛✢✜✦✮✱✭ ✲✛✼✮ ✧✮ ✦★✮ ✧✮✩✛s✛✪✮ ✦★✢✦ ✻✛✫✫ s✵✱✮ ✧✬ ✴✤✬✯✺ use) went to
✹★✮ ❁✵✩✩★✢ ✢✪✜✻✮✱✮✩✭ ✷✰ ✻✢✪✦ ✢ ★✢✪✩✳✵✫ ✤✳ ✧✵✜✦✢✱✩❚
✜✮✮✩✯✺ ❆✪✩ ✻★✮✪ ✦★✮ ✲✛✱✫ ✛✪ ★✮✱ ❃✤✬ t✱✤✧✛✜✮✩ ✦✤ t✱✤s✵✱✮
134 ✛✦✭ ✦★✮ ❁✵✩✩★✢ ✢✩✩✮✩✭ ✷✹★✮ ✧✵✜✦✢✱✩❚✜✮✮✩ ✧✵✜✦ ✴✮ ✦✢✶✮✪
✳✱✤✧ ✢ ★✤✵✜✮ ✻★✮✱✮ ✪✤ ✤✪✮ ★✢✜ ✫✤✜✦ ✢ s★✛✫✩✭ ★✵✜✴✢✪✩✭
t✢✱✮✪✦ ✤✱ ✳✱✛✮✪✩✯✺
✽✤✤✱ ❑✛✜✢ ✣✤✦✢✧✛ ✪✤✻ ✻✮✪✦ ✳✱✤✧ ★✤✵✜✮ ✦✤ ★✤✵✜✮✭
✢✪✩ ✦★✮ t✮✤t✫✮ t✛✦✛✮✩ ★✮✱ ✢✪✩ ✜✢✛✩✭ ✷❄✮✱✮ ✛✜ ✧✵✜✦✢✱✩❚
✜✮✮✩✾ ✦✢✶✮ ✛✦❅✺ ❁✵✦ ✻★✮✪ ✜★✮ ✢✜✶✮✩✭ ✷❈✛✩ ✢ ✜✤✪ ✤✱
✩✢✵✲★✦✮✱✭ ✢ ✳✢✦★✮✱ ✤✱ ✧✤✦★✮✱✭ ✩✛✮ ✛✪ ✬✤✵✱ ✳✢✧✛✫✬✿✺ ✦★✮✬
✢✪✜✻✮✱✮✩ ★✮✱✭ ✷❆✫✢✜❅ ✦★✮ ✫✛✼✛✪✲ ✢✱✮ ✳✮✻✭ ✴✵✦ ✦★✮ ✩✮✢✩ ✢✱✮
✧✢✪✬✯ ❈✤ ✪✤✦ ✱✮✧✛✪✩ ✵✜ ✤✳ ✤✵✱ ✩✮✮t✮✜✦ ✲✱✛✮✳✯✺ ❆✪✩ ✦★✮✱✮
✻✢✜ ✪✤ ★✤✵✜✮ ✴✵✦ ✜✤✧✮ ✴✮✫✤✼✮✩ ✤✪✮ ★✢✩ ✩✛✮✩ ✛✪ ✛✦✯
❑✛✜✢ ✣✤✦✢✧✛ ✴✮s✢✧✮ ✻✮✢✱✬ ✢✪✩ ★✤t✮✫✮✜✜✭ ✢✪✩ ✜✢✦
✩✤✻✪ ✢✦ ✦★✮ ✻✢✬✜✛✩✮ ✻✢✦s★✛✪✲ ✦★✮ ✫✛✲★✦✜ ✤✳ ✦★✮ s✛✦✬✭ ✢✜
✦★✮✬ ✳✫✛s✶✮✱✮✩ ✵t ✢✪✩ ✻✮✱✮ ✮❉✦✛✪✲✵✛✜★✮✩ ✢✲✢✛✪✯ ❆✦ ✫✢✜✦
✦★✮ ✩✢✱✶✪✮✜✜ ✤✳ ✦★✮ ✪✛✲★✦ ✱✮✛✲✪✮✩ ✮✼✮✱✬✻★✮✱✮✯ ❆✪✩ ✜★✮
s✤✪✜✛✩✮✱✮✩ ✦★✮ ✳✢✦✮ ✤✳ ✧✮✪✭ ✦★✢✦ ✦★✮✛✱ ✫✛✼✮✜ ✳✫✛s✶✮✱ ✵t
✢✪✩ ✢✱✮ ✮❉✦✛✪✲✵✛✜★✮✩ ✢✲✢✛✪✯ ❆✪✩ ✜★✮ ✦★✤✵✲★✦ ✦✤ ★✮✱✜✮✫✳✭ valley of
✷❄✤✻ ✜✮✫✳✛✜★ ✢✧ ✰ ✛✪ ✧✬ ✲✱✛✮✳❅ ❈✮✢✦★ ✛✜ s✤✧✧✤✪ ✦✤ ✢✫✫✾ desolation
✬✮✦ ✛✪ ✦★✛✜ ✼✢✫✫✮✬ ✤✳ ✩✮✜✤✫✢✦✛✤✪ ✦★✮✱✮ ✛✜ ✢ t✢✦★ ✦★✢✦ ✫✮✢✩✜ an area which is filled
★✛✧ ✦✤ ✛✧✧✤✱✦✢✫✛✦✬ ✻★✤ ★✢✜ ✜✵✱✱✮✪✩✮✱✮✩ ✢✫✫ ✜✮✫✳✛✜★✪✮✜✜✯✺ with deep sorrow
✹★✮ ❁✵✩✩★✢ ✜✢✛✩✭ ❊❊✹★✮ ✫✛✳✮ ✤✳ ✧✤✱✦✢✫✜ ✛✪ ✦★✛✜ ✻✤✱✫✩ mortals
✛✜ ✦✱✤✵✴✫✮✩ ✢✪✩ ✴✱✛✮✳ ✢✪✩ s✤✧✴✛✪✮✩ ✻✛✦★ t✢✛✪✯ ✐✤✱ ✦★✮✱✮ those bound to die
 ✐ ✁✂✄ ☎✁✆ ✝✞☎✁ ✟✆ ✠✡✐☛✡ ✄✡✂ ✞ ✄✡☎✄ ✡☎☞✞ ✟✞✞✁ ✟✂✌✁
☛☎✁ ☎☞✂✐❝ ❝✆✐✁✍✎ ☎✏✄✞✌ ✌✞☎☛✡✐✁✍ ✂✑❝ ☎✍✞ ✄✡✞✌✞ ✐ ❝✞☎✄✡✎ ✂✏
s☛✡ ☎ ✁☎✄s✌✞ ☎✌✞ ✑✐☞✐✁✍ ✟✞✐✁✍ ✒ ✓ ✌✐✔✞ ✏✌s✐✄ ☎✌✞ ✞☎✌✑✆
✐✁ ❝☎✁✍✞✌ ✂✏ ✏☎✑✑✐✁✍✕ ✂ ✝✂✌✄☎✑ ✠✡✞✁ ✟✂✌✁ ☎✌✞ ☎✑✠☎✆ ✐✁
❝☎✁✍✞✌ ✂✏ ❝✞☎✄✡✒ ✓ ☎✑✑ ✞☎✌✄✡✞✁ ☞✞ ✞✑ ✝☎❝✞ ✟✆ ✄✡✞
✔✂✄✄✞✌ ✞✁❝ ✐✁ ✟✞✐✁✍ ✟✌✂♣✞✁✕ ✂ ✐ ✄✡✞ ✑✐✏✞ ✂✏ ✝✂✌✄☎✑ ✒ ✖✂✄✡
✆✂s✁✍ ☎✁❝ ☎❝s✑✄✕ ✟✂✄✡ ✄✡✂ ✞ ✠✡✂ ☎✌✞ ✏✂✂✑ ☎✁❝ ✄✡✂ ✞
✠✡✂ ☎✌✞ ✠✐ ✞✕ ☎✑✑ ✏☎✑✑ ✐✁✄✂ ✄✡✞ ✔✂✠✞✌ ✂✏ ❝✞☎✄✡✎ ☎✑✑ ☎✌✞
s✟✗✞☛✄ ✄✂ ❝✞☎✄✡✒
➇✘✏ ✄✡✂ ✞ ✠✡✂✕ ✂☞✞✌☛✂✝✞ ✟✆ ❝✞☎✄✡✕ ❝✞✔☎✌✄ ✏✌✂✝ ✑✐✏✞✕
☎ ✏☎✄✡✞✌ ☛☎✁✁✂✄ ☎☞✞ ✡✐ ✂✁✕ ✁✂✌ ♣✐✁ ✝✞✁ ✄✡✞✐✌ ✌✞✑☎✄✐✂✁ ✒
▼☎✌♣✙ ✠✡✐✑✞ ✌✞✑☎✄✐☞✞ ☎✌✞ ✑✂✂♣✐✁✍ ✂✁ ☎✁❝ ✑☎✝✞✁✄✐✁✍
❝✞✞✔✑✆✕ ✂✁✞ ✟✆ ✂✁✞ ✝✂✌✄☎✑ ☎✌✞ ☛☎✌✌✐✞❝ ✂✏✏✕ ✑✐♣✞ ☎✁ ✂❞
✄✡☎✄ ✐ ✑✞❝ ✄✂ ✄✡✞ ✑☎s✍✡✄✞✌✒ ✳✂ ✄✡✞ ✠✂✌✑❝ ✐ ☎✏✏✑✐☛✄✞❝ ✠✐✄✡ afflicted with
❝✞☎✄✡ ☎✁❝ ❝✞☛☎✆✕ ✄✡✞✌✞✏✂✌✞ ✄✡✞ ✠✐ ✞ ❝✂ ✁✂✄ ✍✌✐✞☞✞✕ affected by suffering,
♣✁✂✠✐✁✍ ✄✡✞ ✄✞✌✝ ✂✏ ✄✡✞ ✠✂✌✑❝✒ disease or pain
➇✚✂✄ ✏✌✂✝ ✠✞✞✔✐✁✍ ✁✂✌ ✏✌✂✝ ✍✌✐✞☞✐✁✍ ✠✐✑✑ ☎✁✆✂✁✞
✂✟✄☎✐✁ ✔✞☎☛✞ ✂✏ ✝✐✁❝✎ ✂✁ ✄✡✞ ☛✂✁✄✌☎✌✆✕ ✡✐ ✔☎✐✁ ✠✐✑✑ ✟✞
✄✡✞ ✍✌✞☎✄✞✌ ☎✁❝ ✡✐ ✟✂❝✆ ✠✐✑✑ s✏✏✞✌✒ ✛✞ ✠✐✑✑ ✝☎♣✞ ✡✐✝ ✞✑✏
✐☛♣ ☎✁❝ ✔☎✑✞✕ ✆✞✄ ✄✡✞ ❝✞☎❝ ☎✌✞ ✁✂✄ ☎☞✞❝ ✟✆ ✡✐
✑☎✝✞✁✄☎✄✐✂✁✒ ✛✞ ✠✡✂ ✞✞♣ ✔✞☎☛✞ ✡✂s✑❝ ❝✌☎✠ ✂s✄ ✄✡✞
☎✌✌✂✠ ✂✏ ✑☎✝✞✁✄☎✄✐✂✁✕ ☎✁❝ ☛✂✝✔✑☎✐✁✄✕ ☎✁❝ ✍✌✐✞✏✒ ✛✞ ✠✡✂ lamentation
✡☎ ❝✌☎✠✁ ✂s✄ ✄✡✞ ☎✌✌✂✠ ☎✁❝ ✡☎ ✟✞☛✂✝✞ ☛✂✝✔✂ ✞❝ expression of sorrow
135
✠✐✑✑ ✂✟✄☎✐✁ ✔✞☎☛✞ ✂✏ ✝✐✁❝✎ ✡✞ ✠✡✂ ✡☎ ✂☞✞✌☛✂✝✞ ☎✑✑
✂✌✌✂✠ ✠✐✑✑ ✟✞☛✂✝✞ ✏✌✞✞ ✏✌✂✝ ✂✌✌✂✠✕ ☎✁❝ ✟✞ ✟✑✞ ✞❝✒✜

❬❙✢✣✤✥✦✿ ❇✧★★✩ ✪✧✫✬✭✮✯

❱☎✑s✞ ☎✁❝ ❱✂✐☛✞ ✿ ✓ ♦✂✑✑✞✍✞ ✰✞☎❝✞✌ ✱✲✴✵✶✷❪

The Sermon at Benares

✸✹ ❲✺✻✼ ✺✻✽ ✾❀✼ ❁❂✻✾❃ ❄❂✾❅ ❆❀❈❅❉❂ ❊❀✻✾ ❋✽❀❉ ✺❀●✾✻ ❈❀ ✺❀●✾✻✹ ❲✺❅❈ ❁❀✻✾ ✾✺✻
❅✾❛ ❋❀✽❍ ■❀✻✾ ✾✺✻ ❊✻❈ ❂❈❍ ❲✺❏ ✼❀❈❍
❑✹ ❄❂✾❅ ❆❀❈❅❉❂ ❅❊❅❂✼ ❊❀✻✾ ❋✽❀❉ ✺❀●✾✻ ❈❀ ✺❀●✾✻ ❅❋❈✻✽ ✾✺✻ ✾▲✻❅❛✾ ◆❂❈✺ ❈✺✻
❖●❁❁✺❅✹ ❲✺❅❈ ❁❀✻✾ ✾✺✻ ❅✾❛ ❋❀✽❃ ❈✺✻ ✾✻P❀✼❁ ❈❂❉✻ ❅✽❀●✼❁❍ ■❀✻✾ ✾✺✻ ❊✻❈ ❂❈❍
❲✺❏ ✼❀❈❍
◗✹ ❲✺❅❈ ❁❀✻✾ ❄❂✾❅ ❆❀❈❅❉❂ ●✼❁✻✽✾❈❅✼❁ ❈✺✻ ✾✻P❀✼❁ ❈❂❉✻ ❈✺❅❈ ✾✺✻ ❋❅❂❘✻❁ ❈❀
●✼❁✻✽✾❈❅✼❁ ❈✺✻ ❋❂✽✾❈ ❈❂❉✻❍ ❲❅✾ ❈✺❂✾ ◆✺❅❈ ❈✺✻ ❖●❁❁✺❅ ◆❅✼❈✻❁ ✺✻✽ ❈❀
●✼❁✻✽✾❈❅✼❁❍
❚✹ ❲✺❏ ❁❀ ❏❀● ❈✺❂✼❛ ❄❂✾❅ ❆❀❈❅❉❂ ●✼❁✻✽✾❈❀❀❁ ❈✺❂✾ ❀✼❘❏ ❈✺✻ ✾✻P❀✼❁ ❈❂❉✻❍ ❯✼
◆✺❅❈ ◆❅❏ ❁❂❁ ❈✺✻ ❖●❁❁✺❅ P✺❅✼❊✻ ✺✻✽ ●✼❁✻✽✾❈❅✼❁❂✼❊❍
❳✹ ❨❀◆ ❁❀ ❏❀● ●✾●❅❘❘❏ ●✼❁✻✽✾❈❅✼❁ ❈✺✻ ❂❁✻❅ ❀❋ ❩✾✻❘❋❂✾✺✼✻✾✾❭❍ ■❀ ❏❀● ❅❊✽✻✻ ◆❂❈✺
❄❂✾❅ ❆❀❈❅❉❂ ❈✺❅❈ ✾✺✻ ◆❅✾ ❫✻❂✼❊ ❩✾✻❘❋❂✾✺ ❂✼ ✺✻✽ ❊✽❂✻❋ ❭❍
 ■ ❚✁✂✄ ☎✆✝☎ ✂✄ ✞✟✂☎☎✆✠ ✂✠ ✡✠ ☛☞✌✍✎✡✄✁✂☛✠✆✌ ✄☎✏☞✆✑ ✎☛✟ ✂☎ ✟✆✒☛✟☎✄ ✡✠ ✂✠✓✂✌✆✠☎
♠☛✟✆ ☎✁✡✠ ☎✞☛ ♠✂☞☞✆✠✠✂✡ ☛☞✌✔ ✕☛☛✖ ✎☛✟ ☎✁✆ ✎☛☞☞☛✞✂✠✗ ✞☛✟✌✄ ✡✠✌ ✒✁✟✡✄✆✄
✂✠ ☎✁✆ ☎✆✝☎✑ ✡✠✌ ☎✟✏ ☎☛ ✟✆✒✁✟✡✄✆ ☎✁✆♠ ✂✠ ♠☛✟✆ ✓✐✟✟✆✠☎ ☞✡✠✗✐✡✗✆✑ ✘✡✄✆✌
☛✠ ✁☛✞ ✏☛✐ ✐✠✌✆✟✄☎✡✠✌ ☎✁✆♠✔

⑩ ❣✙✚✛ t✜✢✢ ✥✛✣✙✤✙✦✛ ✧★✩ t✜✪ ✤✫✙✬✣

⑩ P✭✮✪ ✯✛✬✬ ✥✛

⑩ ❑✙✰✱ ✭✢r✮✲✭✢✳ ✯★ ✯✫✛ ✴✵✣✣✫✱

⑩ ✯✫✛✩✛ ✶✱✰ ♥✷ ✫★✵✰✛ ❜✸t ✰★✥✛★✦✛ ✫✱✣ ✣✙✛✣ ✙✦ ✙✯

⑩ ❦✙ ✦✰✥ ✛✦

⑩ ▼✮✭✹✺

■■ ❨★✵ ❦✦★✶ ✯✫✱✯ ✶✛ ✤✱✦ ✤★✥♦✙✦✛ ✰✛✦✯✛✦✤✛✰ ✵✰✙✦❣ ✶★✩✣✰ ✬✙❦✛ ✮♥✳✻ ✷✭✻ ❜✸t✼ ✪✢t
✱✦✣ t✜✢♥ ✴✵✯ ✰★✥✛✯✙✥✛✰ ✦★ ✰✵✤✫ ✶★✩✣ ✰✛✛✥✰ ✱✽✽✩★✽✩✙✱✯✛ ■✦ ✰✵✤✫ ✱ ✤✱✰✛
✶✛ ✤✱✦ ✵✰✛ ✱ ✰✛✥✙✤★✬★✦ ✇✾✿ ★✩ ✱ ✣✱✰✫ ✇ ➋✿ ✯★ ✤★✥♦✙✦✛ ✯✶★ ✤✬✱✵✰✛✰

❙✫✛ ✫✱✰ ✦★ ✙✦✯✛✩✛✰✯ ✙✦ ✥✵✰✙✤✾ ■ ✣★✵♦✯ ✰✫✛ ✶✙✬✬ ♦✛✤★✥✛ ✱ ✰✙✦❣✛✩ ✬✙❦✛
✫✛✩ ✥★✯✫✛✩
First Flight

❀✫✛ ✰✛✤★✦✣ ✤✬✱✵✰✛ ✫✛✩✛ ❣✙✚✛✰ ✯✫✛ ✰✽✛✱❦✛✩❁✰ ★✽✙✦✙★✦ ★✦ ✯✫✛ ✧✙✩✰✯ ✤✬✱✵✰✛

❍✆✟✆ ✂✄ ✡ ✄✆✠☎✆✠✓✆ ✎✟☛♠ ☎ ✁✆ ☎✆✝☎ ☎✁✡☎ ✐✄✆✄ ✄✆♠✂✓☛☞☛✠✄ ☎☛ ✓☛♠✘✂✠✆

✓☞✡✐✄✆✄✔ ❝✟✆✡✖ ✐✒ ☎✁✆ ✄✆✠☎✆✠✓✆ ✂✠☎☛ ☎✁✟✆✆ ✄✂♠✒☞✆ ✄✆✠☎✆✠✓✆✄✔ ❂✡✠ ✏☛✐
☎✁✆✠ ✄✡✏ ✞✁✂✓✁ ✁✡✄ ✡ ✘✆☎☎✆✟ ✟✁✏☎✁♠ ✞✁✆✠ ✏☛✐ ✟✆✡✌ ✂☎✑ ☎✁✆ ✄✂✠✗☞✆ ✄✆✠☎✆✠✓✆
✐✄✂✠✗ ✄✆♠✂✓☛☞☛✠✄✑ ☛✟ ☎✁✆ ☎✁✟✆✆ ✄✂♠✒☞✆ ✄✆✠☎✆✠✓✆✄✉
136 ❋★✩ ✯✫✛✩✛ ✙✰ ✦★✯ ✱✦❃ ✥✛✱✦✰ ♦❃ ✶✫✙✤✫ ✯✫★✰✛ ✶✫★ ✫✱✚✛ ♦✛✛✦ ♦★✩✦ ✤✱✦ ✱✚★✙✣
✣❃✙✦❣✾ ✱✧✯✛✩ ✩✛✱✤✫✙✦❣ ★✬✣ ✱❣✛ ✯✫✛✩✛ ✙✰ ✣✛✱✯✫✾ ★✧ ✰✵✤✫ ✱ ✦✱✯✵✩✛ ✱✩✛ ✬✙✚✙✦❣ ♦✛✙✦❣✰

❀✫✛ ✴✵✣✣✫✱❁✰ ✰✛✩✥★✦ ✙✰ ★✚✛✩ ❄❅❆❆ ❃✛✱✩✰ ★✬✣ ❇✙✚✛✦ ♦✛✬★✶ ✱✩✛ ✯✶★ ✩✛✤✛✦✯ ✯✛❈✯✰
★✦ ✯✫✛ ✯★✽✙✤ ★✧ ❣✩✙✛✧ ❉✛✱✣ ✯✫✛ ✯✛❈✯✰✻ ✤★✥✽✱✩✙✦❣ ✯✫✛✥ ✶✙✯✫ ✛✱✤✫ ★✯✫✛✩ ✱✦✣ ✶✙✯✫
✯✫✛ ✴✵✣✣✫✱❁✰ ✰✛✩✥★✦ ❊★ ❃★✵ ✯✫✙✦❦ ✯✫✛ ✴✵✣✣✫✱❁✰ ✙✣✛✱✰ ✱✦✣ ✶✱❃ ★✧ ✯✛✱✤✫✙✦❣
✤★✦✯✙✦✵✛ ✯★ ✫★✬✣ ✥✛✱✦✙✦❣ ✧★✩ ✵✰● ❏✩ ✫✱✚✛ ✶✛ ✧★✵✦✣ ♦✛✯✯✛✩ ✶✱❃✰ ✯★ ✣✛✱✬ ✶✙✯✫
❣✩✙✛✧● ❊✙✰✤✵✰✰ ✯✫✙✰ ✙✦ ❣✩★✵✽✰ ★✩ ✙✦ ✤✬✱✰✰

▲◆ ❖ ◗❘❯❱❲ ❳❩ ❬❩❭❯❪❫ ❴❯❳❵ ❳❵❲ ❛❲❞❳❵

❩❡ ❞ ❢❩❤❲❱ ❥❪❲

❧✱✩✯✫✱ ✙✰ ✫✱✚✙✦❣ ✣✙✧✧✙✤✵✬✯❃ ✰✬✛✛✽✙✦❣ ✬✱✯✛✬❃ ✱✦✣ ✦★ ✬★✦❣✛✩ ✛✦♣★❃✰ ✣★✙✦❣ ✯✫✙✦❣✰
✶✙✯✫ ✫✛✩ ✧✩✙✛✦✣✰ ❧✱✩✯✫✱ ✬★✰✯ ✫✛✩ ✫✵✰♦✱✦✣ ★✧ ❄q ❃✛✱✩✰ ✯★ ✤✱✦✤✛✩ ✱ ✥★✦✯✫ ✱❣★
s✦❃✱✻ ✱❣✛ ✈①✻ ✣★✛✰✦❁✯ ✧✛✛✬ ✬✙❦✛ ✛✱✯✙✦❣ ✱✦✣ ✰✽✛✦✣✰ ✯✫✛ ✣✱❃✰ ✙✦ ✫✛✩ ✩★★✥
✤✩❃✙✦❣ ②✛✩ ❣✩✱✦✣✥★✯✫✛✩ ✩✛✤✛✦✯✬❃ ✣✙✛✣
✴★✯✫ ★✧ ✯✫✛✰✛ ✙✦✣✙✚✙✣✵✱✬✰ ✱✩✛ ✛❈✽✛✩✙✛✦✤✙✦❣ ❣✩✙✛✧ ③✟✂✆✎ ✂✄ ✡✠ ✆♠☛☎✂☛✠
✠✡☎✐✟✡☞ ☎☛ ✡☞☞ ☎✏✒✆✄ ☛✎ ☞☛✄✄ ☛✟ ✄✂✗✠✂✎✂✓✡✠☎ ✓✁✡✠✗✆
❋ ✁✂✄☎✆ ✝✞ ✟✠✂ ✞
❆✡☛☞✌✍✎☞ ✎✏✑✒✓ ✑✔ ✍✕✑✖✍✒ ✗✕✘ ✙✒✏✔✌✕✗✡✚ ✗ ✛✏✌✗✘ ✏✗✕✎✒ ✌✓ ✓✒✒✡✑✕✎✔ ✗✕✘
✛✒☞✗❜✑✌✍✏✔ ✗✏✒ ✜✌✢✢✌✕✡✣ ✒✤✙✒✏✑✒✕✜✒✘ ✗✓☛✒✏ ☛☞✒ ✘✒✗☛☞ ✌✓ ✗ ✡✌❜✒✘ ✌✕✒✥
⑩ ❙✦✧★✩✪✪✥ ✳☞✑✔ ✑✔ ☛☞✒ ✢✌✔☛ ✜✌✢✢✌✕✚ ✗✕✘ ✑☛ ✑✔ ✕✌☛ ✕✒✜✒✔✔✗✏✑✡✣ ✢✗✕✑✓✒✔☛✒✘
✛✣ ✜✏✣✑✕✎✥
⑩ ✫★✬✩✭✥ ✳☞✑✔ ✑✔ ✌✕✒ ✌✓ ☛☞✒ ✢✌✔☛ ✜✌✕✓✍✔✑✕✎ ✓✒✒✡✑✕✎✔ ✓✌✏ ✗ ✔✍✏❜✑❜✌✏✥ ✳☞✒✏✒
✢✗✣ ✛✒ ✓✏✍✔☛✏✗☛✑✌✕ ✗☛ ✕✌☛ ✛✒✑✕✎ ✗✛✡✒ ☛✌ ✙✏✒❜✒✕☛ ☛☞✒ ✘✒✗☛☞✚ ✗✕✘ ✗ ✔✒✕✔✒
✌✓ ✕✌☛ ✛✒✑✕✎ ✗✛✡✒ ☛✌ ✒✤✑✔☛ ♦✑☛☞✌✍☛ ☛☞✒ ✡✌❜✒✘ ✌✕✒✥
⑩ ●✮✯✰✱ ✦★✧ ❙✩✰✲✴✭✩✵✭✶✦✷✸✥ ✹✒✌✙✡✒ ✢✗✣ ✛✒✡✑✒❜✒ ☛☞✗☛ ☛☞✒✣ ♦✒✏✒ ✕✌☛ ✺✑✕✘
✒✕✌✍✎☞ ✌✏ ✜✗✏✑✕✎ ✒✕✌✍✎☞ ☛✌ ☛☞✒ ✙✒✏✔✌✕ ♦☞✌ ✘✑✒✘✚ ✌✏ ☛☞✗☛ ☛☞✒ ✙✒✏✔✌✕
✔☞✌✍✡✘ ☞✗❜✒ ✔✒✒✕ ☛☞✒ ✘✌✜☛✌✏ ✔✌✌✕✒✏✥
⑩ ✫★✻✯✩✱✼✥ ❆✕ ✑✕✘✑❜✑✘✍✗✡ ✢✗✣ ✓✒✗✏ ☛☞✗☛ ✔☞✒✽☞✒ ♦✌✕✾☛ ✛✒ ✗✛✡✒ ☛✌ ✜✗✏✒ ✓✌✏
☞✒✏✔✒✡✓✽☞✑✢✔✒✡✓✥
⑩ ▲✶★✩✰✯★✩✪✪✥ ✳☞✒✏✒ ✗✏✒ ✏✒✢✑✕✘✒✏✔ ☛☞✏✌✍✎☞✌✍☛ ☛☞✒ ✘✗✣ ☛☞✗☛ ✗ ✙✗✏☛✕✒✏✚
✓✗✢✑✡✣ ✢✒✢✛✒✏ ✌✏ ✓✏✑✒✕✘ ✑✔ ✎✌✕✒✥ ❢✌✏ ✒✤✗✢✙✡✒✚ ✢✒✗✡✔ ✗✏✒ ✕✌ ✡✌✕✎✒✏
✙✏✒✙✗✏✒✘ ☛☞✒ ✔✗✢✒ ♦✗✣✚ ✙☞✌✕✒ ✜✗✡✡✔ ☛✌ ✔☞✗✏✒ ✗ ✔✙✒✜✑✗✡ ✢✌✢✒✕☛ ✘✌✕✾☛
☞✗✙✙✒✕✥
⑩ ✿✦✱✯✬✮✩✥ ✳☞✒✏✒ ✑✔ ✗✕ ✌❜✒✏✗✡✡ ✔✒✕✔✒ ✌✓ ✓✒✒✡✑✕✎ ☛✑✏✒✘✥
⑩ ❉✯✪❀✩✰✯✩✲❁ ✳☞✑✔ ✌✜✜✍✏✔ ✙✗✏☛✑✜✍✡✗✏✡✣ ✑✓ ✑☛ ♦✗✔ ✗ ✔✍✘✘✒✕ ✘✒✗☛☞✥
❍ ✁❂✂✄☎ ❃❄❅ ✠✆ ❇❅✝ ❈✠ ❊■❂ ✠✂ ✄❏✂✄☎ ✟✠✂ ✞
❲☞✒✕ ✗ ✓✏✑✒✕✘✚ ✡✌❜✒✘ ✌✕✒✚ ✌✏ ✜✌❑♦✌✏✺✒✏ ✑✔ ✒✤✙✒✏✑✒✕✜✑✕✎ ✎✏✑✒✓▼☞✌♦ ✜✗✕ ♦✒
137
☞✒✡✙❤ ◆☛ ☞✒✡✙✔ ☛✌ ✍✕✘✒✏✔☛✗✕✘ ☛☞✗☛ ✎✏✑✒✓ ✑✔ ✒✤✙✏✒✔✔✒✘ ☛☞✏✌✍✎☞ ✗ ❜✗✏✑✒☛✣ ✌✓
✛✒☞✗❜✑✌✍✏✔✥
❘✒✗✜☞ ✌✍☛ ☛✌ ✌☛☞✒✏✔ ✑✕ ☛☞✒✑✏ ✎✏✑✒✓✚ ✛✍☛ ✍✕✘✒✏✔☛✗✕✘ ☛☞✗☛ ✔✌✢✒ ✢✗✣ ✕✌☛
♦✗✕☛ ☛✌ ✗✜✜✒✙☛ ☞✒✡✙ ✗✕✘ ♦✑✡✡ ✕✌☛ ✔☞✗✏✒ ☛☞✒✑✏ ✎✏✑✒✓✥ ✇☛☞✒✏✔ ♦✑✡✡ ♦✗✕☛ ☛✌
☛✗✡✺ ✗✛✌✍☛ ☛☞✒✑✏ ☛☞✌✍✎☞☛✔ ✗✕✘ ✓✒✒✡✑✕✎✔ ✌✏ ✏✒✢✑✕✑✔✜✒✥
❖✒ ✙✗☛✑✒✕☛ ✗✕✘ ✡✒☛ ☛☞✒ ✎✏✑✒❜✑✕✎ ✙✒✏✔✌✕ ✺✕✌♦ ☛☞✗☛ ✣✌✍ ✜✗✏✒ ✗✕✘ ✗✏✒
☛☞✒✏✒ ☛✌ ✔✍✙✙✌✏☛ ☞✑✢ ✌✏ ☞✒✏✥

The Sermon at Benares

PP◗ ❚❯❯❱ ❚❳❨❩❬
❭❪❫❴❵❫ ❛❴❝❫❞❡❫
❣✌✌✕ ✗✓☛✒✏ ✢✣ ♦✑✓✒ ✘✑✒✘ ▼ ☞✒✏ ✜✗✏ ✔✡✑✘ ✌✓✓ ✗✕ ✑✜✣ ✏✌✗✘ ✑✕ ✐❥❦❧ ▼ ✗ ✔✜☞✌✌✡
✙✔✣✜☞✌✡✌✎✑✔☛ ♦✗✏✕✒✘ ✢✒ ☛☞✗☛ ✢✣ ✜☞✑✡✘✏✒✕ ✗✕✘ ◆ ♦✒✏✒ ✕✌☛ ✢✌✍✏✕✑✕✎ ✑✕ ☛☞✒
✏✑✎☞☛ ♦✗✣✥ ❲✒ ✓✒✡☛ ✗✕✎✏✣♠ ☛☞✒ ✙✏✌✙✒✏ ✓✑✏✔☛ ✔☛✗✎✒✚ ☞✒ ✔✗✑✘✚ ✑✔ ✘✒✕✑✗✡✥
◆✕ ✡✗☛✒ ❆✍✎✍✔☛ ☛☞✑✔ ✣✒✗✏✚ ✢✣ ♥❦❑✣✒✗✏❑✌✡✘ ✔✌✕✚ ♣✑✜☞✗✒✡✚ ✘✑✒✘ ✔✍✘✘✒✕✡✣ ✑✕ ☞✑✔
✔✡✒✒✙✚ ✡✒✗❜✑✕✎ ✛✒☞✑✕✘ ✗ s❑✣✒✗✏❑✌✡✘ ✔✌✕ ✗✕✘ ✗ ♦✑✓✒ ✒✤✙✒✜☛✑✕✎ ☛☞✒✑✏ ✕✒✤☛ ✜☞✑✡✘✥
✳☞✒✏✒ ✑✔ ✕✌ ✔✒☛ ✓✌✏✢ ✓✌✏ ✎✏✑✒✓✚ ✗✕✘ ✕✌ q✏✑✎☞☛✾ ♦✗✣ ☛✌ ✒✤✙✏✒✔✔ ✑☛✥ ✳☞✒✏✒
✔✒✒✢✔ ☛✌ ✛✒ ✗✕ ✒✤✙✒✜☛✗☛✑✌✕ ☛☞✗☛✚ ✗✓☛✒✏ ✗ ✎✏✒✗☛ ✡✌✔✔✚ ♦✒ ♦✑✡✡ ✙✏✌✎✏✒✔✔
✔✣✔☛✒✢✗☛✑✜✗✡✡✣ ☛☞✏✌✍✎☞ ☛☞✒ ♦✒✡✡❑✺✕✌♦✕ ✔☛✗✎✒✔ ✌✓ ✎✏✑✒✓✥ ◆☛ ✑✔ ♦✏✌✕✎✚ ♦✒ ✗✏✒
☛✌✡✘✚ ☛✌ t✍✢✙ ☛✌ ✗✕✎✒✏ ▼ ✌✏ ☛✌ ♦✗✡✡✌♦ ☛✌✌ ✡✌✕✎ ✑✕ ☛☞✑✔ ✔☛✗✎✒ ✛✒✓✌✏✒ ✢✌❜✑✕✎
☛✌♦✗✏✘✔ ✗✜✜✒✙☛✗✕✜✒✥
 ❇ ✁ ✂ ✄☎✆✝ ☎✞✟ ☎✠✝ ☎✞✡☛☞✌ ✍✎ ✠☎✏✑ ✒☎☛✑✞✁✆ ✓ ☛☞ ✁✔✑✕☛ ✖✔✕✗✟☛✑✞ ✕✆ ✄☛✎✞✡✘
✁✎ ✔☎t✑ ✓✎✁✔ ✠☞ ✄✕✙✑ ☎✞✟ ✆✎✞ ✁☎✏✑✞ ✙☛✎✠ ✠✑✝ ✙✎☛ ✙✎☛✑t✑☛ ☎✞✟ ☎ ✟☎☞✝ ✕✆ ✖☛ ✑✗
✓✑☞✎✞✟ ✄✎☛✟✆✌
❆ ☛✑✗☎✁✕t✑ ✙☛✎✠ ✚✑☛ ✆☎✗✑✠✝ ✄✔✎ ✕✆ ☎ ✒✆☞✖✔✕☎✁☛✕✆✁✝ ✓☛✎ ✡✔✁ ✆✎✠✑ ✆✎✗☎✖✑ ✓☞
✖✕✁✕✞✡ ✁✔✑ ✠☎❝✕✠✛ ✜✢✑ ☎☛✑ ✞✎✁ ✁✎ ☎✆✏ ✄✔☞✝ ✓ ✁ ✄✔☎✁✌❡ ✍✔✑ ✜✄✔☎✁❡ ✕✆ ✁✔☎✁ ✄✔✕✖✔
✆ ☛t✕t✎☛✆ ✕✞ ✡☛✕✑✙ ☎☛✑ ✓✎ ✞✟ ✁✎ ✟✎ ✙✎☛ ✎✞✑ ☎✞✎✁✔✑☛✌ ✳✎✗✗✎✄✕✞✡ ✁✔☎✁ ☎✟t✕✖✑✝ ✠☞
✙☎✠✕✗☞✝ ✖✗✎✆✑ ✙☛✕✑✞✟✆ ☎✞✟ ✂ ✏✑✑✒ ✓ ✆☞✝ ✖☎✗✗✕✞✡ ✑☎✖✔ ✎✁✔✑☛ ☎✞✟ ✡✕t✕✞✡ ✗✎✞✡
☎✞✆✄✑☛✆ ✁✎ ✆✕✠✒✗✑ ❛ ✑✆✁✕✎✞✆ ✗✕✏✑✝ ✣✤✎✄ ✟✕✟ ☞✎ ☛ ✟☎☞ ✡✎ ✁✎✟☎☞✥✦ ✢✑ ✁☛☞ ✁✎
☎t✎✕✟ ✁✔✕✞✏✕✞✡ ☎✓✎ ✁ ✑✕✁✔✑☛ ✁✔✑ ✕✠✠✑✟✕☎✁✑ ✒☎✆✁ ✎☛ ✁✔✑ ✓✑☛✑✙✁ ✙ ✁ ☛✑✌ ✢✑ ✁☎✏✑
✁ ☛✞✆ ✒✗☎☞✕✞✡ ✄✕✁✔ ♥☎❝✝ ♥✕✖✔☎✑✗❡✆ ✁✄✎✧☞✑☎☛✧✎✗✟ ✆✎✞✌ ✳☛✕✑✞✟✆ ✆✒✑✞✟ ✞✕✡✔✁✆
✄✕✁✔ ✁✔✑ ☞✎ ✞✡ ✄✕✟✎✄✝ ☎✞✟ ✄✕✗✗ ✓✑ ☎✠✎✞✡ ✁✔✎✆✑ ✔✎✗✟✕✞✡ ✔✑☛ ✔☎✞✟ ✄✔✑✞ ✁✔✑
✓☎✓☞ ✕✆ ✓✎☛✞✌
✳✎✖ ✆✕✞✡ ✎✞ ✄✔☎✁ ✄✑ ✟✎ ✙✎☛ ✎✞✑ ☎✞✎✁✔✑☛ ✕✆ ✁✔✑ ✎✞✗☞ ✖✎✞✆✎✗☎✁✕✎✞ ✄✑
✖☎✞ ✙✕✞✟✌

✢☛✕✁✑ ☎ ✒☎✡✑ r☎✓✎ ✁ ✁✔☛✑✑ ✒☎☛☎✡☛☎✒✔✆★ ✎✞ ✎✞✑ ✎✙ ✁✔✑ ✙✎✗✗✎✄✕✞✡ ✁✎✒✕✖✆✌ ✩✎ ✖☎✞
✁✔✕✞✏ ☎✓✎ ✁ ✁✔✑ ✕✟✑☎✆ ✕✞ ✁✔✑ ✁✑❝✁ ✁✔☎✁ ☎☛✑ ☛✑✗✑t☎✞✁ ✁✎ ✁✔✑✆✑ ✁✎✒✕✖✆✝ ☎✞✟ ☎✟✟ ☞✎ ☛
✎✄✞ ✕✟✑☎✆ ☎✞✟ ✑❝✒✑☛✕✑✞✖✑✆ ✁✎ ✁✔✑✠✌
First Flight

✶✌ ✍✑☎✖✔✕✞✡ ✆✎✠✑✎✞✑ ✁✎ ✞✟✑☛✆✁☎✞✟ ☎ ✞✑✄ ✎☛ ✟✕✙✙✕✖ ✗✁ ✕✟✑☎

✷✌ ✤✑✗✒✕✞✡ ✑☎✖✔ ✎✁✔✑☛ ✁✎ ✡✑✁ ✎t✑☛ ✟✕✙✙✕✖ ✗✁ ✁✕✠✑✆
✸✌ ✍✔✕✞✏✕✞✡ ☎✓✎ ✁ ✎✞✑✆✑✗✙ ☎✆ ✞✕❛ ✑✝ ✎☛ ☎✆ ✎✞✑ ☎✠✎✞✡ ✓✕✗✗✕✎✞✆ ✎✙ ✎✁✔✑☛✆

138
WHAT WE HAVE DONE
Narrated the story of the Buddha, and the advice he gave to the grief-stricken woman.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

1. Read and discuss the following extract from Kahlil Gibran’s The Prophet with the
students.

Joy and Sorrow

Then a woman said, “Speak to us of Joy and Sorrow.”
And he answered:
Your joy is your sorrow unmasked.
And the selfsame well from which your laughter rises was oftentimes filled
with your tears.
And how else can it be?
The deeper that sorrow carves into your being, the more joy you can contain.
Is not the cup that holds your wine the very cup that was burned in the
potter’s oven?
 And is not the lute that soothes your spirit, the very wood that was hollowed
out with knives?
When you are joyous, look deep into your heart and you shall find it is only
that which has given you sorrow that is giving you joy.
When you are sorrowful look again in your heart, and you shall see that in
truth you are weeping for that which has been your delight.
Some of you say, “Joy is greater than sorrow,” and others say, “Nay, sorrow
is the greater.”
But I say unto you, they are inseparable.
Together they come, and when one sits alone with you at your board,
remember that the other is asleep upon your bed.
2. Help students to read and memorise the following extract from Tagore.
Say not in grief that she is no more
but say in thankfulness that she was.
A death is not the extinguishing of a light,
but the putting out of the
lamp because the dawn has come.

139

The Sermon at Benares

 For A nne Gregory
❚ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✁✂ ✞ ✟☎✠✡✆☛✂✞☞✁☎✠ ✌✆☞✍✆✆✠ ✞ ✎☎✏✠✑ ✝✞✠ ✞✠✒ ✞ ✎☎✏✠✑
✍☎✝✞✠✇ ✓ ✞☞ ✞☛✆ ☞ ✆✎ ✞☛✑✏✁✠✑ ✞✌☎✏☞✔

➇✕✖✗✖✘ ✙✚✛✜✜ ✛ ✢✣✤✥✦ ✧✛✥★

✩✚✘✣✪✥ ✫✥✬✣ ✭✖✙✮✛✫✘
❇✢ ✬✚✣✙✖ ✦✘✖✛✬ ✚✣✥✖✢✯✰✣✜✣✤✘✖✭
❘✛✧✮✛✘✬✙ ✛✬ ✢✣✤✘ ✖✛✘★
▲✣✗✖ ✢✣✤ ✱✣✘ ✢✣✤✘✙✖✜✱ ✛✜✣✥✖
❆✥✭ ✥✣✬ ✢✣✤✘ ✢✖✜✜✣✪ ✚✛✫✘✳✲

➇❇✤✬ ✴ ✰✛✥ ✦✖✬ ✛ ✚✛✫✘✯✭✢✖

❆✥✭ ✙✖✬ ✙✤✰✚ ✰✣✜✣✤✘ ✬✚✖✘✖★
❇✘✣✪✥★ ✣✘ ✵✜✛✰✶★ ✣✘ ✰✛✘✘✣✬★
✩✚✛✬ ✢✣✤✥✦ ✧✖✥ ✫✥ ✭✖✙✮✛✫✘
▼✛✢ ✜✣✗✖ ✧✖ ✱✣✘ ✧✢✙✖✜✱ ✛✜✣✥✖
❆✥✭ ✥✣✬ ✧✢ ✢✖✜✜✣✪ ✚✛✫✘✳✲

➇✴ ✚✖✛✘✭ ✛✥ ✣✜✭ ✘✖✜✫✦✫✣✤✙ ✧✛✥

❇✤✬ ✢✖✙✬✖✘✥✫✦✚✬ ✭✖✰✜✛✘✖
✩✚✛✬ ✚✖ ✚✛✭ ✱✣✤✥✭ ✛ ✬✖✷✬ ✬✣ ✮✘✣✗✖
✩✚✛✬ ✣✥✜✢ ✸✣✭★ ✧✢ ✭✖✛✘★
❈✣✤✜✭ ✜✣✗✖ ✢✣✤ ✱✣✘ ✢✣✤✘✙✖✜✱ ✛✜✣✥✖
❆✥✭ ✥✣✬ ✢✣✤✘ ✢✖✜✜✣✪ ✚✛✫✘✳✲
❲■✹✹■✺✻ ✼❯✽✹✾✿ ❀✾✺✽❊

William Butler Yeats (1865 –1939) was an Irish nationalist. He was

educated in London and Dublin, and was interested in folklore and
mythology. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923.
r ✁✂ r✄☎✿ ✆✝✞ ✝✟✠✝✡ ☛✟☞✞ ☛✌✍✍✎ ✌✏✑✒✓☞ ✌ ✔✌✎✆✍✞ ✑✏ ✕✑✏✆✡ ✕✑✏ ✞✖✌✗✘✍✞✡ t✙✚ ✛✜✢✣✜✛t✤
♦✥ t✙✚ ✦✚✧ ★♦✛t

✶✳ ❲✝✌✆ ☞✑✞✎ ✆✝✞ ✩✑✒✓✠ ✗✌✓ ✗✞✌✓ ✪✩ ✫✠✏✞✌✆ ✝✑✓✞✩✬✔✑✍✑✒✏✞☞ ✭✮✌✗✘✌✏✆✎ ✌✆

✩✑✒✏ ✞✌✏②✯ ❲✝✩ ☞✑✞✎ ✝✞ ✎✌✩ ✆✝✌✆ ✩✑✒✓✠ ✗✞✓ ✌✏✞ ✫✆✝✏✑☛✓ ✟✓✆✑ ☞✞✎✘✌✟✏✯ ✪✩
✆✝✞✗②
✷✳ ❲✝✌✆ ✔✑✍✑✒✏ ✟✎ ✆✝✞ ✩✑✒✓✠ ☛✑✗✌✓✰✎ ✝✌✟✏② ❲✝✌✆ ☞✑✞✎ ✎✝✞ ✎✌✩ ✎✝✞ ✔✌✓ ✔✝✌✓✠✞
✟✆ ✆✑② ❲✝✩ ☛✑✒✍☞ ✎✝✞ ☛✌✓✆ ✆✑ ☞✑ ✎✑②
✸✳ ❖✪✱✞✔✆✎ ✝✌✲✞ ✴✒✌✍✟✆✟✞✎ ☛✝✟✔✝ ✗✌✵✞ ✆✝✞✗ ☞✞✎✟✏✌✪✍✞ ✆✑ ✑✆✝✞✏✎✳ ✹✌✓ ✩✑✒ ✆✝✟✓✵
✑✕ ✎✑✗✞ ✑✪✱✞✔✆✎ ✺✌ ✔✌✏✡ ✌ ✘✝✑✓✞✡ ✌ ☞✏✞✎✎❡✻ ✌✓☞ ✎✌✩ ☛✝✌✆ ✴✒✌✍✟✆✟✞✎ ✗✌✵✞ ✑✓✞
✑✪✱✞✔✆ ✗✑✏✞ ☞✞✎✟✏✌✪✍✞ ✆✝✌✓ ✌✓✑✆✝✞✏② ✼✗✌✠✟✓✞ ✩✑✒ ☛✞✏✞ ✆✏✩✟✓✠ ✆✑ ✎✞✍✍ ✌✓ ✑✪✱✞✔✆✿
☛✝✌✆ ✴✒✌✍✟✆✟✞✎ ☛✑✒✍☞ ✩✑✒ ✞✗✘✝✌✎✟✎✞②
✽✳ ❲✝✌✆ ✌✪✑✒✆ ✘✞✑✘✍✞② ✾✑ ☛✞ ✍✑✲✞ ✑✆✝✞✏✎ ✪✞✔✌✒✎✞ ☛✞ ✍✟✵✞ ✆✝✞✟✏ ✴✒✌✍✟✆✟✞✎✡ ☛✝✞✆✝✞✏
✘✝✩✎✟✔✌✍ ✑✏ ✗✞✓✆✌✍② ❖✏ ✟✎ ✟✆ ✘✑✎✎✟✪✍✞ ✆✑ ✍✑✲✞ ✎✑✗✞✑✓✞ ✫✕✑✏ ✆✝✞✗✎✞✍✲✞✎ ✌✍✑✓✞✯②
❆✏✞ ✎✑✗✞ ✘✞✑✘✍✞ ❀✗✑✏✞ ✍✑✲✌✪✍✞✰ ✆✝✌✓ ✑✆✝✞✏✎② ✾✟✎✔✒✎✎ ✆✝✟✎ ✴✒✞✎✆✟✑✓ ✟✓ ✘✌✟✏✎
✑✏ ✟✓ ✠✏✑✒✘✎✡ ✔✑✓✎✟☞✞✏✟✓✠ ✘✑✟✓✆✎ ✍✟✵✞ ✆✝✞ ✕✑✍✍✑☛✟✓✠✳
✺✟✻ ✌ ✘✌✏✞✓✆ ✑✏ ✔✌✏✞✠✟✲✞✏✰✎ ✍✑✲✞ ✕✑✏ ✌ ✓✞☛✪✑✏✓ ✪✌✪✩✡ ✕✑✏ ✌ ✗✞✓✆✌✍✍✩ ✑✏
✘✝✩✎✟✔✌✍✍✩ ✔✝✌✍✍✞✓✠✞☞ ✔✝✟✍☞✡ ✕✑✏ ✌ ✔✍✞✲✞✏ ✔✝✟✍☞ ✑✏ ✌ ✘✏✑☞✟✠✩
✺✟✟✻ ✆✝✞ ✘✒✪✍✟✔✰✎ ✍✑✲✞ ✕✑✏ ✌ ✕✟✍✗ ✎✆✌✏✡ ✌ ✎✘✑✏✆✎✘✞✏✎✑✓✡ ✌ ✘✑✍✟✆✟✔✟✌✓✡ ✑✏ ✌ ✎✑✔✟✌✍
☛✑✏✵✞✏ 141
✺✟✟✟✻ ✩✑✒✏ ✍✑✲✞ ✕✑✏ ✌ ✕✏✟✞✓☞✡ ✑✏ ✪✏✑✆✝✞✏ ✑✏ ✎✟✎✆✞✏
✺✟✲✻ ✩✑✒✏ ✍✑✲✞ ✕✑✏ ✌ ✘✞✆✡ ✌✓☞ ✆✝✞ ✘✞✆✰✎ ✍✑✲✞ ✕✑✏ ✩✑✒✳
❁✳ ❨✑✒ ✝✌✲✞ ✘✞✏✝✌✘✎ ✔✑✓✔✍✒☞✞☞ ✆✝✌✆ ✘✞✑✘✍✞ ✌✏✞ ✓✑✆ ✑✪✱✞✔✆✎ ✆✑ ✪✞ ✲✌✍✒✞☞ ✕✑✏
✆✝✞✟✏ ✴✒✌✍✟✆✟✞✎ ✑✏ ✏✟✔✝✞✎ ✏✌✆✝✞✏ ✆✝✌✓ ✕✑✏ ✆✝✞✗✎✞✍✲✞✎✳ ❂✒✆ ✞✍✎✞☛✝✞✏✞ ❨✞✌✆✎
✌✎✵✎ ✆✝✞ ✴✒✞✎✆✟✑✓✿ ❛✑☛ ✔✌✓ ☛✞ ✎✞✘✌✏✌✆✞ ✆✝✞ ☞✌✓✔✞✏ ✕✏✑✗ ✆✝✞ ☞✌✓✔✞② ✼✎ ✟✆
✘✑✎✎✟✪✍✞ ✆✑ ✎✞✘✌✏✌✆✞ ❀✆✝✞ ✘✞✏✎✑✓ ✝✟✗✎✞✍✕ ✑✏ ✝✞✏✎✞✍✕✰ ✕✏✑✗ ✝✑☛ ✆✝✞ ✘✞✏✎✑✓

For A nne Gregory

✍✑✑✵✎✡ ✎✑✒✓☞✎✡ ☛✌✍✵✎✡ ✌✓☞ ✎✑ ✑✓② ❧✝✟✓✵ ✑✕ ✝✑☛ ✩✑✒ ✑✏ ✌ ✕✏✟✞✓☞ ✑✏ ✗✞✗✪✞✏ ✑✕
✩✑✒✏ ✕✌✗✟✍✩ ✝✌✎ ✔✝✌✓✠✞☞ ✑✲✞✏ ✆✝✞ ✩✞✌✏✎✳ ❛✌✎ ✩✑✒✏ ✏✞✍✌✆✟✑✓✎✝✟✘ ✌✍✎✑ ✔✝✌✓✠✞☞②
✼✓ ☛✝✌✆ ☛✌✩②
BEFORE YOU READ
❆ ✁✂✄✂✁☎
✶✆ ❚✝✞ ✟✠✡☛ ☞✌✡✠✌✠✍✎✏✑ ✝✎✍ ✍✞✒✞✡✎✏ ✓✞✎✔✕✔✖✍✆ ✗✎✔ ✘✠✙ ✖✙✞✍✍ ✟✝✎✚
✍✠✡✚ ✠s ✌✡✠✌✠✍✎✏ ✚✝✞ ✌✏✎✘ ✕✍ ✎✛✠✙✚✜
✭✕✮ ✎ ✍✙✖✖✞✍✚✕✠✔❛ ✌✏✎✔ ✠✡ ✍✢✝✞✓✞ s✠✡ ☛✠✕✔✖ ✍✠✓✞✚✝✕✔✖
✭✕✕✮ ✎✔ ✠ss✞✡ s✠✡ ✎ ✌✠✍✍✕✛✏✞ ✌✏✎✔ ✠✡ ✎✢✚✕✠✔
✭✕✕✕✮ ✚✝✞ ✎✢✚ ✠s ✎✍t✕✔✖ ✍✠✓✞✠✔✞✑✍ ✝✎✔☛ ✕✔ ✓✎✡✡✕✎✖✞

❆ ✣✤✥✥✂✦✧ ★❡✩✩✂✧✪
❉✫ ✬✫✯ ✰✱✫✲ ✳✱✬✴✵✷✱✸ ✳✹✫✯✴ ✳ ✺✯✻✻✷✳✱ ✼✳✽✽✷✳✸✾ ✿✾✽✾✼✫✱✬❀
✺✾✳❘ ✴✵✷✻ ✳✽✴✷✿❁✾ ✳✹✫✯✴ ✳ ✺✯✻✻✷✳✱ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸❂
P✽✾❃✳✽✳✴✷✫✱✻ ❄✫✽ ✳ ✺✯✻✻✷✳✱ ❅✾❘❘✷✱✸❇ ❈ ✺✯✻✻✷✳✱ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸
✷✻ ✐✾✽✬ ✻✷✼❃❁✾❂ ❊✵✾ ❃❁✳✱✱✷✱✸ ✫✱❁✬ ✷✱✿❁✯❘✾✻ ✳✽✽✳✱✸✷✱✸ ❄✫✽
✽✷✱✸✻r ✹✽✷❘✾✻❋ ❘✽✾✻✻r ✿✳✽✻r ✳✱❘ ✳ ✽✾✿✾❃✴✷✫✱❂ ●✳✽❁✷✾✽r ✴✵✾ ✹✽✷❘✾❋✻
❄✳✼✷❁✬ ❃✳✷❘ ❄✫✽ ✴✵✾ ✽✾✿✾❃✴✷✫✱r ✹✯✴ ✱✫✲❢✳❢❘✳✬✻ ✹✽✷❘✾✻❋ ✳✱❘
✸✽✫✫✼✻❋ ❄✳✼✷❁✷✾✻ ✯✻✯✳❁❁✬ ✻✵✳✽✾ ✾❣❃✾✱✻✾✻❂ ❈ ✺✯✻✻✷✳✱ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸
❁✳✻✴✻ ❄✫✽ ✴✲✫ ❘✳✬✻❧ ✻✫✼✾ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸✻ ❁✳✻✴ ✳✻ ❁✫✱✸ ✳✻ ✳ ✲✾✾✰r
✳✱❘ ✴✵✾ ✫✿✿✳✻✷✫✱ ✹✾✿✫✼✾✻ ✻✫✼✾✴✵✷✱✸ ✴✫ ✽✾✼✾✼✹✾✽ ❄✫✽ ✬✾✳✽✻❂
❊✵✾ ✱✾✿✾✻✻✳✽✬ ❃✳✽✴ ✫❄ ✴✵✾ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸ ✿✾✽✾✼✫✱✬ ✷✻ ✳ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸
❃✽✫✿✾✻✻✷✫✱ ✫❄ ✻✾✐✾✽✳❁ ✿✳✽✻❂ ❊✵✾ ✹✾✻✴ ❄✽✷✾✱❘✻ ✫❄ ✴✵✾ ✸✽✫✫✼♣
✹✽✷❘✾ ✼✾✾✴ ✹✾❄✫✽✾ ✴✵✾ ✲✾❘❘✷✱✸ ✳ ❄✾✲ ✴✷✼✾✻r ✼✳✰✾ ❃✫✻✴✾✽✻r
✲✽✷✴✾ ✻❃✾✾✿✵✾✻ ✳✱❘ ✫✽✸✳✱✷✻✾ ✿✫✱✴✾✻✴✻❂ ❅✵✾✱ ✴✵✾ ✸✽✫✫✼
✳✽✽✷✐✾✻ ✴✫ ❄✾✴✿✵ ✴✵✾ ✹✽✷❘✾ ❄✫✽ ✴✵✾ ✽✾✸✷✻✴✽✳✴✷✫✱r ✵✾ ✵✳✻ ✴✫ ❄✷✸✵✴
✴✫ ✸✾✴ ✵✾✽❍ ✺✯✻✻✷✳✱✻ ✯✻✯✳❁❁✬ ❁✷✐✾ ✷✱ ✳❃✳✽✴✼✾✱✴✻ ✷✱ ✴✳❁❁
✹✯✷❁❘✷✱✸✻r ✳✱❘ ✴✵✾ ✸✽✫✫✼ ✵✳✻ ✴✫ ✿❁✷✼✹ ✻✾✐✾✽✳❁ ✻✴✳✷✽✻ ✴✫ ✽✾✳✿✵
✵✷✻ ✹✽✷❘✾❂ ❤✯✴ ✳✴ ✾✳✿✵ ❁✳✱❘✷✱✸ ✵✾ ✼✯✻✴ ✳✱✻✲✾✽ ✳ ■✯✾✻✴✷✫✱
✴✫ ✹✾ ✳❁❁✫✲✾❘ ✴✫ ✸✫ ✯❃❂ ❊✵✾ ✹✽✷❘✾❋✻ ❄✽✷✾✱❘✻ ✳✻✰ ❘✷❄❄✷✿✯❁✴
■✯✾✻✴✷✫✱✻ q✻✫✼✾✴✷✼✾✻ ✳✹✫✯✴ ✴✵✾ ✹✽✷❘✾r ✻✫✼✾✴✷✼✾✻ ❏✯✻✴
❘✷❄❄✷✿✯❁✴ ✽✷❘❘❁✾✻❞r ✳✱❘ ✴✵✾ ✸✽✫✫✼ ✼✯✻✴ ✳✱✻✲✾✽ ✲✷✴✵ ✴✵✾ ✵✾❁❃
✫❄ ✵✷✻ ❄✽✷✾✱❘✻❂ ♦✫✽ ✾❣✳✼❃❁✾r ✵✾ ✼✳✬ ✹✾ ✻✵✫✲✱ ✳ ❄✾✲ ❃✵✫✴✫✻
✫❄ ✹✳✹✬ ✸✷✽❁✻ ✳✱❘ ✵✾ ✼✯✻✴ ✻✳✬ ✲✵✷✿✵ ✫✱✾ ✵✷✻ ✹✽✷❘✾ ✷✻❂ ❑❄ ✵✾
✸✯✾✻✻✾✻ ✲✽✫✱✸r ✵✾ ✼✯✻✴ ❃✳✬ ✿✳✻✵ ✴✫ ✼✫✐✾ ✳✵✾✳❘❂ ❈❄✴✾✽ ✴✵✾
 ♠✚✛✛✜✚✢✣ ✛✣✢✜✤✥✛✚✥✜✦✧★ ✥✩✣ ✧✣✪✫✬✭♠✚✛✛✜✣✮ ✯✦✰✱✫✣ ✫✣✚✲✣✤ ✥✩✣
✢✰✣✤✥✤ ❣✦✛ ✚ ✥✦✰✛ ✦❣ ✥✩✣ ✯✜✥✬ ✤✜✢✩✥✤✳ ✴❣✥✣✛ ✥✪✦ ✦✛ ✥✩✛✣✣ ✩✦✰✛✤
✦❣ ✥✩✣ ✯✜✥✬ ✥✦✰✛ ✥✩✣ ✯✦✰✱✫✣ ✚✛✛✜✲✣✤ ✚✥ ✥✩✣ ✛✣✯✣✱✥✜✦✧✳ ♦✩✣ ✯✦✰✱✫✣
✤✜✥✤ ✚✥ ✚ ✤✱✣✯✜✚✫✫✬ ✚✛✛✚✧✢✣✮ ✥✚s✫✣ ✪✜✥✩ ✥✩✣✜✛ ❣✚♠✜✫✬★ ❣✛✜✣✧✮✤
✚✧✮ ✜✧✲✜✥✣✮ ✢✰✣✤✥✤✳ ♦✩✣ ✛✣✯✣✱✥✜✦✧ ✤✥✚✛✥✤ ✪✜✥✩ ✥✦✚✤✥✤ ✥✦ ✥✩✣
✯✦✰✱✫✣✳ ✴ ✪✣✮✮✜✧✢ ✥✦✚✤✥ ✜✤ ✚ ✯✰✤✥✦♠ ✪✩✣✛✣ ✚ ✯✫✦✤✣ ❣✛✜✣✧✮ ✦✛
✛✣✫✚✥✜✲✣ ✦❣ ✥✩✣ ✢✛✦✦♠ ✦✛ ✥✩✣ s✛✜✮✣ ✤✚✬✤ ✚ ❣✣✪ ✪✦✛✮✤ ✥✦ ✪✜✤✩
✥✩✣ ✯✦✰✱✫✣★ ✥✩✣✧ ✣✲✣✛✬✦✧✣ ✛✚✜✤✣✤ ✥✩✣✜✛ ✢✫✚✤✤ ✦❣ ✪✜✧✣★ ✚✧✮
✮✛✜✧❞ ✜✥ ✰✱ ✚✥ ✥✩✣ ✤✚♠✣ ♠✦♠✣✧✥✳ ♦✩✣ ✢✛✦✦♠ ✜✤ ✥✩✣✧ ✚✤❞✣✮ ✥✦
❞✜✤✤ ✥✩✣ s✛✜✮✣✳ ✴❣✥✣✛ ✚ ❣✣✪ ✥✦✚✤✥✤★ ✱✣✦✱✫✣ ✤✥✚✛✥ ✣✚✥✜✧✢ ✚✧✮
✮✛✜✧❞✜✧✢★ ✚✧✮ ✢✣✧✣✛✚✫✫✬ ✩✚✲✣ ❣✰✧✳ ✴❣✥✣✛ ✤✦♠✣ ✥✜♠✣★ ✥✩✣ s✛✜✮✣
✢✣✥✤ ✵✤✥✦✫✣✧✶✷ ✸✩✣ ✮✜✤✚✱✱✣✚✛✤★ ✚✧✮ ✪✩✣✧ ✥✩✣ ✢✛✦✦♠ ✤✥✚✛✥✤
✫✦✦❞✜✧✢ ❣✦✛ ✩✣✛★ ✩✣ ✜✤ ✚✤❞✣✮ ✥✦ ✱✚✬ ✚ ❣✣✣✳ ✹✤✰✚✫✫✬ ✜✥ ✜✤ ✩✜✤
❣✛✜✣✧✮✤ ✪✩✦ ✵✤✥✣✚✫✶ ✥✩✣ s✛✜✮✣✳ ♦✩✣✧ ✥✩✣✛✣ ✚✛✣ ✥✩✣ s✛✜✮✣✶✤
❣✛✜✣✧✮✤ ❢ ✥✩✣✬ ✤✥✣✚✫ ✥✩✣ s✛✜✮✣✶✤ ✤✩✦✣✳ ♦✩✣ ✢✛✦✦♠ ♠✰✤✥ ✱✚✬
♠✦✧✣✬ ❣✦✛ ✥✩✣ ✤✩✦✣ ✥✦✦✳ ♦✩✣ ✢✰✣✤✥✤ ✣✧✺✦✬ ✪✚✥✯✩✜✧✢ ✥✩✣✤✣
✥✰✤✤✫✣✤★ ✚✧✮ ✯✦✧✥✜✧✰✣ ✱✚✛✥✬✜✧✢✳

✻✼ ❉✏ ✽✏✌ ✎✾✒✙✿ ■✙✖✒✔✙ ✔✙✖ ❀✌✍✍✒✔✙ ❁✘✖✖✒✙❂✍ ✾✔❃✘ ✔✙✽ ❄✌✍✎✏✑✍

✒✙ ❄✏✑✑✏✙✐ ❅✒✎✾ ✎✾✘ ✾✘✓❆ ✏✗ ✔ ❆✔✕✎✙✘✕❇ ✗✒✓✓ ✒✙ ✎✾✘ ✎✔❊✓✘ ❊✘✓✏❁✼
❲❡ ✁✂✄ ☎❡✆❡✝✞✂✁❡✟ ✁✂ ✠✡✟✟✁☛ ☛✂ ☞✂ ✁☛
❈✌✍✎✏✑✍ ✍✒✑✒✓✔✕ ✎✏ ❈✌✍✎✏✑✍ ✖✒✗✗✘✕✘✙✎ ✗✕✏✑ 143
■✙✖✒✔✙ ✏✙✘✍ ■✙✖✒✔✙ ✏✙✘✍

The Proposal
➅❋✾✘ ●✕✏❆✏✍✔✓❍ ❏✏✕✒❂✒✙✔✓✓✽ ✎✒✎✓✘✖ ➅❑ ▲✔✕✕✒✔❂✘ ●✕✏❆✏✍✔✓❍▼ ✒✍ ✔ ✏✙✘◆✔❄✎
❆✓✔✽❇ ✔ ✗✔✕❄✘❇ ❊✽ ✎✾✘ ❀✌✍✍✒✔✙ ✍✾✏✕✎ ✍✎✏✕✽ ❁✕✒✎✘✕ ✔✙✖ ✖✕✔✑✔✎✒✍✎ ❑✙✎✏✙
❈✾✘✿✾✏❃✼ ■✎ ❁✔✍ ❁✕✒✎✎✘✙ ✒✙ ❖PPP◗P❘✼
❋✾✘ ❆✓✔✽ ✒✍ ✔❊✏✌✎ ✎✾✘ ✎✘✙✖✘✙❄✽ ✏✗ ❁✘✔✓✎✾✽ ✗✔✑✒✓✒✘✍ ✎✏ ✍✘✘✿ ✎✒✘✍
❁✒✎✾ ✏✎✾✘✕ ❁✘✔✓✎✾✽ ✗✔✑✒✓✒✘✍❇ ✎✏ ✒✙❄✕✘✔✍✘ ✎✾✘✒✕ ✘✍✎✔✎✘✍ ❊✽ ✘✙❄✏✌✕✔❂✒✙❂
✑✔✕✕✒✔❂✘✍ ✎✾✔✎ ✑✔✿✘ ❂✏✏✖ ✘❄✏✙✏✑✒❄ ✍✘✙✍✘✼ ■❃✔✙ ❙✏✑✏❃❇ ✔ ✓✏✙❂ ✎✒✑✘
❁✘✔✓✎✾✽ ✙✘✒❂✾❊✏✌✕ ✏✗ ✇✎✘❆✔✙ ❈✾✌❊✌✿✏❃❇ ✔✓✍✏ ❁✘✔✓✎✾✽❇ ❄✏✑✘✍ ✎✏
✍✘✘✿ ✎✾✘ ✾✔✙✖ ✏✗ ❈✾✌❊✌✿✏❃❍✍ ✎❁✘✙✎✽◆✗✒❃✘◆✽✘✔✕◆✏✓✖ ✖✔✌❂✾✎✘✕❇ ❚✔✎✔✓✽✔✼
❑✓✓ ✎✾✕✘✘ ✔✕✘ ❯✌✔✕✕✘✓✍✏✑✘ ❆✘✏❆✓✘❇ ✔✙✖ ✎✾✘✽ ❯✌✔✕✕✘✓ ✏❃✘✕ ❆✘✎✎✽ ✒✍✍✌✘✍✼
❋✾✘ ❆✕✏❆✏✍✔✓ ✒✍ ✒✙ ✖✔✙❂✘✕ ✏✗ ❊✘✒✙❂ ✗✏✕❂✏✎✎✘✙ ✔✑✒✖✍✎ ✔✓✓ ✎✾✒✍
❯✌✔✕✕✘✓✓✒✙❂✼ q✌✎ ✘❄✏✙✏✑✒❄ ❂✏✏✖ ✍✘✙✍✘ ✘✙✍✌✕✘✍ ✎✾✔✎ ✎✾✘ ❆✕✏❆✏✍✔✓ ✒✍
✑✔✖✘❇ ✔✗✎✘✕ ✔✓✓ ❱ ✔✓✎✾✏✌❂✾ ✎✾✘ ❯✌✔✕✕✘✓✓✒✙❂ ❆✘✕✾✔❆✍ ❄✏✙✎✒✙✌✘✍❳
 ❈ ✁✂✁✄☎✆✂✝
❙❚✞✟✠✡ ❙❚✞✟✠✡☛☞✌❚✍✎ ✥✎❍✏❍✑☛☞ ✿ ❛ ✒❛✓✔✕✖✓✗✘
◆✠❚✠❆✙✠ ❙❚✞✟✠✡☛☞✡✠ ✿ ❤✚✛ ✔❛✜✢❤✣✗✘✱ ✣✖✗✓✣✤✦✧✚★✗ ✤✗❛✘✛ ✕✒✔
■☞✠✡ ✩✠✪✪✌❆✞☞✌❚✍✎ ✫☛❖☛☞ ✿ ❛ ✓✗✚✢❤✬✕✜✘ ✕✧ ✥❤✜✬✜✭✕★✱ ❛ ✒❛✘✢✗ ❛✓✔
❤✗❛✘✣✤✱ ✬✜✣ ★✗✘✤ ✛✜✛✮✚✯✚✕✜✛✱ ✒❛✓✔✕✖✓✗✘
✰ ✲✳✴✵✶✷✸✹✳✺✺✻ ✶✷ ✼✽✾❀✾❁✺❂❃❄ ✽✺✾❄❅❇
▲✺✻✺❂ ❅✷❉❅✳❄❊ ✵❅✴✳✶✷✸ ✴ ✲✳❅❄❄✹❋✴●❁❅❉ ✴✷✲ ✵✽✶❉❅ ✸❏✺❂❅❄❇ ✼✽✾❀✾❁✺❂ ✳✶❄❅❄
❉✺ ✻❅❅❉ ✽✶✻❇
❑▼P◗P❘❯❱ ❲ ❳❨ ❩❬❭❪ ❫❬❴❴❵❜❝ ❜❞❵❡ ❩❵ ❢ ❣❬❬✐ ❢❥❭❦ ❧❭❣❣♠❴❬❥♠♥♦❞✐ ❢ ❭❡
❬♣♥❪❬❡❬❴❨ q❴❭❩✐ rst✾❅❅✉❅❄ ✽✶❄ ✽✴✷✲✈ ✇❵❜ ♥❞♠❣ ♠❣ ❭
❣①❪②❪♠❣❬❝ ❡❨ ❩❭❪❴♠❦q③③③ ④❵❜ ❭❪❬ ❨❵①⑤
⑥❯⑦❯❱ ❲ ⑧❞❭❦⑨ ❨❵①③ ⑩❦❩ ❞❵❜ ❡❭❨ ❨❵① ❶❬ q❬♥♥♠❦q ❵❦⑤
❑▼P◗P❘❯❱ ❲ ❷❬ ❸①❣♥ q❬♥ ❭❴❵❦q ❣❵❡❬❞❵❜❝ ❡❨ ❭❦q❬❴❝ ♥❞❭❦⑨❣ ♥❵ ❨❵①❪
②❪❭❨❬❪❣❝ ❭❦❩ ❣❵ ❵❦③ ❹♠♥ ❩❵❜❦❝ ②❴❬❭❣❬ ❩❵③③③ ✇❵❜❝ ❨❵① ⑨❦❵❜❝
❨❵① ❣❞❵①❴❩❦❺♥ ❫❵❪q❬♥ ❭❴❴ ❭❶❵①♥ ❨❵①❪ ❦❬♠q❞❶❵①❪❣❝ ❡❨ ❩❭❪❴♠❦q③
❳❨ ❩❬❭❪ ❫❬❴❴❵❜❝ ❜❞❨ ❭❪❬ ❨❵① ❣❵ ❫❵❪❡❭❴ ♠❦ ❨❵①❪ q❬♥❻①②✐
First Flight

❼❥❬❦♠❦q ❩❪❬❣❣❝ q❴❵❥❬❣❝ ❭❦❩ ❣❵ ❵❦③ ❑❭❦ ❨❵① ❶❬ q❵♠❦q

❭❦❨❜❞❬❪❬❝ ❡❨ ♥❪❬❭❣①❪❬⑤
⑥❯⑦❯❱ ❲ ✇❵③ ❢❺❥❬ ♦❵❡❬ ❵❦❴❨ ♥❵ ❣❬❬ ❨❵①❝ ❞❵❦❵①❪❬❩ ❹♥❬②❭❦
❹♥❬②❭❦❵❥♠♥♦❞③
❑▼P◗P❘❯❱ ❲ ⑧❞❬❦ ❜❞❨ ❭❪❬ ❨❵① ♠❦ ❬❥❬❦♠❦q ❩❪❬❣❣❝ ❡❨ ②❪❬♦♠❵①❣⑤ ⑩❣ ♠❫
144 ❨❵①❺❪❬ ②❭❨♠❦q ❭ ✇❬❜ ❽❬❭❪❺❣ ❼❥❬ ❥♠❣♠♥✐
⑥❯⑦❯❱ ❲ ❷❬❴❴❝ ❨❵① ❣❬❬❝ ♠♥❺❣ ❴♠⑨❬ ♥❞♠❣③ r❾✴❁❅❄ ✽✶❄ ✴✳✻✈ ❢❺❥❬ ♦❵❡❬ ♥❵ ❨❵①❝
❞❵❦❵①❪❬❩ ❹♥❬②❭❦ ❹♥❬②❭❦❵❥♠♥♦❞❝ ♥❵ ♥❪❵①❶❴❬ ❨❵① ❜♠♥❞ ❭ ❪❬❿①❬❣♥③
✇❵♥ ❵❦♦❬ ❵❪ ♥❜♠♦❬ ❞❭❥❬ ❢ ❭❴❪❬❭❩❨ ❞❭❩ ♥❞❬ ②❪♠❥♠❴❬q❬ ❵❫ ❭②②❴❨♠❦q
♥❵ ❨❵① ❫❵❪ ❞❬❴②❝ ❭❦❩ ❨❵① ❞❭❥❬ ❭❴❜❭❨❣❝ ❣❵ ♥❵ ❣②❬❭⑨③③③ ❢ ❡①❣♥
❭❣⑨ ❨❵①❪ ②❭❪❩❵❦❝ ❢ ❭❡ q❬♥♥♠❦q ❬♣♦♠♥❬❩③ ❢ ❣❞❭❴❴ ❩❪♠❦⑨ ❣❵❡❬
❜❭♥❬❪❝ ❞❵❦❵①❪❬❩ ❹♥❬②❭❦ ❹♥❬②❭❦❵❥♠♥♦❞③
r➀✳✶✷❁❄③✈
❑▼P◗P❘❯❱ ❲ r✴❄✶✲❅✈ ④❬❺❣ ♦❵❡❬ ♥❵ ❶❵❪❪❵❜ ❡❵❦❬❨③ ❹❞❭❦❺♥ q♠❥❬ ❞♠❡ ❭❦❨✐
r✴❏✺✾✲✈ ❷❞❭♥ ♠❣ ♠♥❝ ❡❨ ❶❬❭①♥❨⑤
⑥❯⑦❯❱ ❲ ❽❵① ❣❬❬❝ ④❵❦❵①❪❬❩ ❹♥❬②❭❦♠♥♦❞③③③ ❢ ❶❬q ②❭❪❩❵❦ ❹♥❬②❭❦
④❵❦❵①❪♠♥♦❞③③③ ❢ ❡❬❭❦❝ ❢❺❡ ❭❜❫①❴❴❨ ❬♣♦♠♥❬❩❝ ❭❣ ❨❵① ❜♠❴❴
②❴❬❭❣❬ ❦❵♥♠♦❬③③③ ❢❦ ❣❞❵❪♥❝ ❨❵① ❭❴❵❦❬ ♦❭❦ ❞❬❴② ❡❬❝ ♥❞❵①q❞ ❢
❩❵❦❺♥ ❩❬❣❬❪❥❬ ♠♥❝ ❵❫ ♦❵①❪❣❬③③③ ❭❦❩ ❞❭❥❬❦❺♥ ❭❦❨ ❪♠q❞♥ ♥❵
♦❵①❦♥ ❵❦ ❨❵①❪ ❭❣❣♠❣♥❭❦♦❬③③③
❑▼P◗P❘❯❱ ❲ ➁❞❝ ❩❵❦❺♥ q❵ ❪❵①❦❩ ❭❦❩ ❪❵①❦❩ ♠♥❝ ❩❭❪❴♠❦q✐ ❹②♠♥ ♠♥ ❵①♥✐ ❷❬❴❴⑤
⑥❯⑦❯❱ ❲ ➁❦❬ ❡❵❡❬❦♥③③③ ♥❞♠❣ ❥❬❪❨ ❡♠❦①♥❬③ ⑧❞❬ ❫❭♦♥ ♠❣ ❢❺❥❬ ♦❵❡❬ ♥❵
❭❣⑨ ♥❞❬ ❞❭❦❩ ❵❫ ❨❵①❪ ❩❭①q❞♥❬❪❝ ✇❭♥❭❴❨❭ ❹♥❬②❭❦❵❥❦❭❝
♠❦ ❡❭❪❪♠❭q❬③
❈❍ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✿ ✆❥✝✞✟✠✡✡✞❪ ☛☞ ✌✍✎✏✑ ✒✎✓✔ ✕✓❛❛✖✗✏✎✖✘✙✚✑ ✛✓☞ ✖✘ ✓✜✓✖✔ ✢ ✒
❞✖❞✔✣✘ ✚✏✓✤ ✖✘ ✓✗✗✑
▲✄❖✄☎ ✿ ✒ ✚✓✎✏ ✘✚✏ ✚✍✔✍■✤ ✘✍ ✓❛✥✦✦✦ 145
❈❍ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✿ ✆✐✧★✩✪✪✠✫★✐✧✬❪ ✭☞ ❞✏✓✤ ✮✏✗✗✍✯✦✦✦ ✒✣✰ ❛✍ ✜✗✓❞✱ ✓✔❞ ❛✍ ✍✔✦✦✦
❨✏❛✱ ✖✔❞✏✏❞✱ ✓✔❞ ✓✗✗ ✘✚✓✘ ❛✍✤✘ ✍✮ ✘✚✖✔✜✦ ✆❊✲✳✪✴✵✩✶ ✴✧✷ ✸✐✶✶✩✶
✹✝✲✝✺❪ ✒✣✎✏ ✻✏✏✔ ✚✍✼✖✔✜ ✮✍✤ ✖✘ ✮✍✤ ✓ ✗✍✔✜ ✘✖✰✏✦ ✒✘✣❛ ✻✏✏✔ ✰☞
✙✍✔✘✖✔■✓✗ ❞✏❛✖✤✏✦ ✆❙✽✩✷✶ ✴ ★✩✴✪❪ ✾✔❞ ✒✣✎✏ ✓✗✯✓☞❛ ✗✍✎✏❞ ☞✍■✱
✰☞ ✓✔✜✏✗✱ ✓❛ ✖✮ ☞✍■ ✯✏✤✏ ✰☞ ✍✯✔ ❛✍✔✦ ✭✓☞ ♠✍❞ ✜✖✎✏ ☞✍■
✻✍✘✚ ✢ ❜✖❛ ✚✏✗✼ ✓✔❞ ❜✖❛ ✗✍✎✏ ✓✔❞ ❛✍ ✍✔✱ ✓✔❞ ❛✍ ✰■✙✚

The Proposal
✚✍✼✏✦✦✦ ❤✚✓✘ ✓✰ ✒ ✻✏✚✓✎✖✔✜ ✖✔ ✘✚✖❛ ✖❞✖✍✘✖✙ ✯✓☞ ✮✍✤❀ ✒✣✰ ✍✮✮
✰☞ ✻✓✗✓✔✙✏ ✯✖✘✚ ❁✍☞✱ ✓✻❛✍✗■✘✏✗☞ ✍✮✮ ✰☞ ✻✓✗✓✔✙✏✑ ❂✚✱ ✯✖✘✚
✓✗✗ ✰☞ ❛✍■✗✦✦✦ ✒✣✗✗ ✜✍ ✓✔❞ ✙✓✗✗ ❃✓✘✓❛✚✓✱ ✓✔❞ ✓✗✗ ✘✚✓✘✦
▲✄❖✄☎ ✿ ✆✬✪✩✴★✡✞ ✲✝✺✩✷❪ ❜✍✔✍■✤✏❞ ✛✘✏✼✓✔ ✛✘✏✼✓✔✍✎✖✘✙✚✱ ❞✍ ☞✍■
✘✚✖✔✥ ✒ ✰✓☞ ✙✍■✔✘ ✍✔ ✚✏✤ ✙✍✔❛✏✔✘❀
❈❍ ✁ ✂✄☎ ✿ ❤✚☞✱ ✍✮ ✙✍■✤❛✏✱ ✰☞ ❞✓✤✗✖✔✜✱ ✓✔❞✦✦✦ ✓❛ ✖✮ ❛✚✏ ✯✍✔✣✘ ✙✍✔❛✏✔✘✑
✛✚✏✣❛ ✖✔ ✗✍✎✏❄ ✏✜✓❞✱ ❛✚✏✣❛ ✗✖✥✏ ✓ ✗✍✎✏❛✖✙✥ ✙✓✘✱ ✓✔❞ ❛✍ ✍✔✦
✛✚✓✔✣✘ ✻✏ ✗✍✔✜✑
✆❊❅✐★❆❪
▲✄❖✄☎ ✿ ✒✘✣❛ ✙✍✗❞✦✦✦ ✒✣✰ ✘✤✏✰✻✗✖✔✜ ✓✗✗ ✍✎✏✤✱ ❁■❛✘ ✓❛ ✖✮ ✒✣❞ ✜✍✘ ✓✔
✏❡✓✰✖✔✓✘✖✍✔ ✻✏✮✍✤✏ ✰✏✦ ❇✚✏ ✜✤✏✓✘ ✘✚✖✔✜ ✖❛✱ ✒ ✰■❛✘ ✚✓✎✏
✰☞ ✰✖✔❞ ✰✓❞✏ ■✼✦ ✒✮ ✒ ✜✖✎✏ ✰☞❛✏✗✮ ✘✖✰✏ ✘✍ ✘✚✖✔✥✱ ✘✍
✚✏❛✖✘✓✘✏✱ ✘✍ ✘✓✗✥ ✓ ✗✍✘✱ ✘✍ ✗✍✍✥ ✮✍✤ ✓✔ ✖❞✏✓✗✱ ✍✤ ✮✍✤ ✤✏✓✗
✗✍✎✏✱ ✘✚✏✔ ✒✣✗✗ ✔✏✎✏✤ ✜✏✘ ✰✓✤✤✖✏❞✦ ☛✤✤✦✦✦ ✒✘✣❛ ✙✍✗❞✑ ❃✓✘✓✗☞✓
 ❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✝☎✄ ✞✟ ✄☎ ✁✠✡✁☛☛✁☎ ☞✆✌✟✁✍✁✁✂✁✎✱ ☎✆ ✏✄✑✒☛✆✆✍✞☎✓✱
✇✁☛☛✒✁✑✌✡✄ ✁✑✔ ✕☞✄ ✖✆✎✁ ✑✆ ✗ ✇✄☎ ✘ ✙✌ ✗✚✖ ✓✁ ✞☎✓ ✄
☎✆✞✟✁ ✞☎ ✖♥ ✁✄✎✟ ✛✎✆✖ ✁✠✡✞ ✁✖✁☎ ✔ ✜❉✢✣✤✥✦❪ ✧☎✑ ✞ ✚✟
✞✖✂✆✟✟✞✏☛✁ ✛✆✎ ✖✁ ☎✆ ✆ ✖✄✎✎♥✔ ✗☎ ☞✁ ✛✞✎✟ ✂☛✄✡✁✱ ✗✚✖
✄☛✎✁✄✑♥ ❛★ ➋ ✄ ✡✎✞ ✞✡✄☛ ✄✓✁✱ ✟✆ ✆ ✟✂✁✄✍✔ ✗☎ ☞✁ ✟✁✡✆☎✑
✂☛✄✡✁✱ ✗ ✆✌✓☞ ✆ ☛✁✄✑ ✄ ♣✌✞✁ ✄☎✑ ✎✁✓✌☛✄✎ ☛✞✛✁✔ ✗ ✟✌✛✛✁✎
✛✎✆✖ ✂✄☛ ✂✞ ✄ ✞✆☎✟✱ ✗✚✖ ✁✠✡✞ ✄✏☛ ✁ ✄☎✑ ✄☛ ✇✄♥✟ ✓✁ ✞☎✓
✄✇✛✌☛☛♥ ✌✂✟✁ ✩ ✄ ☞✞✟ ✝✁✎♥ ✖✆✖✁☎ ✖♥ ☛✞✂✟ ✄✎✁ ✎✁✖✏☛✞☎✓✱
✄☎✑ ☞✁✎✁✚✟ ✄ ✇✞ ✡☞ ✞☎ ✖♥ ✎✞✓☞ ✁♥✁✏✎✆✇✔ ✙✌ ☞✁ ✝✁✎♥
✇✆✎✟ ✆✛ ✄☛☛ ✞✟ ☞✁ ✇✄♥ ✗ ✟☛✁✁✂✔ ✗ ☎✆ ✟✆✆☎✁✎ ✓✁ ✞☎ ✆ ✏✁✑
✄☎✑ ✏✁✓✞☎ ✆ ✓✆ ✆✛✛✱ ✇☞✁☎ ✟✌✑✑✁☎☛♥ ✟✆✖✁ ☞✞☎✓ ✞☎ ✖♥ ☛✁✛
✟✞✑✁ ✓✞✝✁✟ ✄ ✂✌☛☛✱ ✄☎✑ ✗ ✡✄☎ ✛✁✁☛ ✞ ✞☎ ✖♥ ✟☞✆✌☛✑✁✎ ✄☎✑
☞✁✄✑✔✔✔ ✗ ❤✌✖✂ ✌✂ ☛✞✍✁ ✄ ☛✌☎✄ ✞✡✱ ✇✄☛✍ ✄✏✆✌ ✄ ✏✞ ✄☎✑ ☛✞✁
✑✆✇☎ ✄✓✄✞☎✱ ✏✌ ✄✟ ✟✆✆☎ ✄✟ ✗ ✏✁✓✞☎ ✆ ✓✁ ✆✛✛ ✆ ✟☛✁✁✂
☞✁✎✁✚✟ ✄☎✆ ☞✁✎ ✂✌☛☛t ✧☎✑ ☞✞✟ ✖✄♥ ☞✄✂✂✁☎ ✇✁☎ ♥ ✞✖✁✟✔✔✔
✜◆✪✫✪✬✭✪ ✮✫✯✰✪✤✲✳✤✪ ❝✲✴✯✦ ✣✤✔❪
✵❆✶▲❨❆ ✿ ✕✁☛☛✱ ☞✁✎✁t ✗ ✚✟ ♥✆✌✱ ✄☎✑ ✂✄✂✄ ✟✄✞✑✱ ❡✷✆✩ ☞✁✎✁✚✟ ✄
First Flight

✖✁✎✡☞✄☎ ✡✆✖✁ ✛✆✎ ☞✞✟ ✓✆✆✑✟✔♠ ✸✆✇ ✑✆ ♥✆✌ ✑✆✱ ✗✝✄☎

❱✄✟✟✞☛✁✝✞ ✡☞✘
✹❖✺❖✻ ✿ ✸✆✇ ✑✆ ♥✆✌ ✑✆✱ ☞✆☎✆✌✎✁✑ ✵✄ ✄☛♥✄ ❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✝☎✄✘
✵❆✶❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✼✆✌ ✖✌✟ ✁✠✡✌✟✁ ✖♥ ✄✂✎✆☎ ✄☎✑ ✤✯✽✬✣✽✯✔ ✕✁✚✎✁ ✟☞✁☛☛✞☎✓
✂✁✄✟ ✛✆✎ ✑✎♥✞☎✓✔ ✕☞♥ ☞✄✝✁☎✚ ♥✆✌ ✏✁✁☎ ☞✁✎✁ ✛✆✎ ✟✌✡☞ ✄
146 ☛✆☎✓ ✞✖✁✘ ❙✞ ✑✆✇☎✔✔✔ ✜❚✾✯✭ ✦✯✪✫ ✫✾✯✴✦✯✬✳✯✦❀❪ ✕✆☎✚ ♥✆✌
☞✄✝✁ ✟✆✖✁ ☛✌☎✡☞✘
✹❖✺❖✻ ✿ ✵✆✱ ☞✄☎✍ ♥✆✌✱ ✗✚✝✁ ☞✄✑ ✟✆✖✁ ✄☛✎✁✄✑♥✔
✵❆✶❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❁☞✁☎ ✟✖✆✍✁✔ ✸✁✎✁ ✄✎✁ ☞✁ ✖✄ ✡☞✁✟✔ ❁☞✁ ✇✁✄ ☞✁✎ ✞✟
✟✂☛✁☎✑✞✑ ☎✆✇✱ ✏✌ ♥✁✟ ✁✎✑✄♥ ✞ ✇✄✟ ✟✆ ✇✁ ☞✄ ☞✁ ✇✆✎✍✖✁☎
✑✞✑☎✚ ✑✆ ✄☎♥ ☞✞☎✓ ✄☛☛ ✑✄♥✔ ✸✆✇ ✖✌✡☞ ☞✄♥ ☞✄✝✁ ♥✆✌
✟ ✄✡✍✁✑✘ s✌✟ ☞✞☎✍✱ ✗ ✛✁☛ ✓✎✁✁✑♥ ✄☎✑ ☞✄✑ ✄ ✇☞✆☛✁ ✛✞✁☛✑
✡✌ ✱ ✄☎✑ ☎✆✇ ✗✚✖ ☎✆ ✄ ✄☛☛ ✂☛✁✄✟✁✑ ✄✏✆✌ ✞ ✏✁✡✄✌✟✁ ✗✚✖
✄✛✎✄✞✑ ✖♥ ☞✄♥ ✖✄♥ ✎✆ ✔ ✗ ✆✌✓☞ ✆ ☞✄✝✁ ✇✄✞ ✁✑ ✄ ✏✞ ✔ ✙✌
✇☞✄ ✚✟ ☞✞✟✘ ✕☞♥✱ ♥✆✌✚✎✁ ✞☎ ✁✝✁☎✞☎✓ ✑✎✁✟✟t ✕✁☛☛✱ ✗ ☎✁✝✁✎t
✧✎✁ ♥✆✌ ✓✆✞☎✓ ✆ ✄ ✏✄☛☛ ✆✎ ✇☞✄ ✘ ❁☞✆✌✓☞ ✗ ✖✌✟ ✟✄♥ ♥✆✌
☛✆✆✍ ✏✁ ✁✎✔✔✔ ❁✁☛☛ ✖✁✱ ✇☞♥ ✄✎✁ ♥✆✌ ✓✆ ✌✂ ☛✞✍✁ ☞✄ ✘
✹❖✺❖✻ ✿ ✜✯❂❝✣✫✯❃❪ ✼✆✌ ✟✁✁✱ ☞✆☎✆✌✎✁✑ ✵✄ ✄☛♥✄ ❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✝☎✄✔✔✔ ☞✁
✛✄✡ ✞✟✱ ✗✚✝✁ ✖✄✑✁ ✌✂ ✖♥ ✖✞☎✑ ✆ ✄✟✍ ♥✆✌ ✆ ☞✁✄✎ ✖✁ ✆✌ ✔✔✔
❄✛ ✡✆✌✎✟✁ ♥✆✌✚☛☛ ✏✁ ✟✌✎✂✎✞✟✁✑ ✄☎✑ ✂✁✎☞✄✂✟ ✁✝✁☎ ✄☎✓✎♥✱
✏✌ ✄✔✔✔ ✜✪✦✣❃✯❪ ✗ ✚✟ ✄✇✛✌☛☛♥ ✡✆☛✑t
✵❆✶❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✕☞✄ ✚✟ ☞✁ ✖✄ ✁✎✘ ✜✰✪❅✦✯❪ ✕✁☛☛✘
✹❖✺❖✻ ✿ ✗ ✟☞✄☛☛ ✎♥ ✆ ✏✁ ✏✎✞✁✛✔ ✼✆✌ ✖✌✟ ✍☎✆✇✱ ☞✆☎✆✌✎✁✑ ✵✄ ✄☛♥✄
❙ ✁✂✄☎✆✝☎✄✱ ☞✄ ✗ ☞✄✝✁ ☛✆☎✓✱ ✟✞☎✡✁ ✖♥ ✡☞✞☛✑☞✆✆✑✱ ✞☎ ✛✄✡ ✱
 ❤ ✁ ✂❤✄ ☎✆✝✞✝✟✄✠✄ ✡☛ ☞✌✡✍✝✌✠ ✎✡✏✆ ☛ ✑✝✟✎✒ ✓✎ ✟ ✂✄ ✏✌✂
✌✁ ❤✄✆ ❤✏❛✔ ✌✁✕ ☛✆✡✑ ✍❤✡✑✕ ❛ ✎✡✏ ☞✌✡✍✕ ✖ ✝✌❤✄✆✝✂✄✁
✑✎ ✟ ✌✁✕ ✟✍ ✎❛ ❤ ✁ ✂❤✄ ✠✆✄ ✂✄❛✂ ✆✄❛☎✄♠✂ ☛✡✆ ✎✡✏✆ ☛ ✂❤✄✆
✌✁ ✎✡✏✆ ✟ ✂✄ ✑✡✂❤✄✆✒ ✳❤✄ ✗✡✑✡✞❛ ✌✁ ✂❤✄ ✘❤✏✔✏☞✡✞❛
❤ ✞✄ ✟✍ ✎❛ ❤ ✁ ✂❤✄ ✑✡❛✂ ☛✆✝✄✌✁✟✎✕ ✌✁ ✖ ✑✝✠❤✂ ✟✑✡❛✂
❛ ✎ ✂❤✄ ✑✡❛✂ ☛☛✄♠✂✝✡✌ ✂✄✕ ✆✄✠ ✆✁ ☛✡✆ ✄ ♠❤ ✡✂❤✄✆✒ ✙✌✁✕ ❛
✎✡✏ ☞✌✡✍✕ ✑✎ ✟ ✌✁ ✝❛ ✌✄ ✆ ✌✄✝✠❤✔✡✏✆ ✡☛ ✎✡✏✆❛✒ ②✡✏ ✍✝✟✟
✆✄✑✄✑✔✄✆ ✂❤ ✂ ✑✎ r✚✄✌ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛ ✂✡✏♠❤ ✎✡✏✆ ✔✝✆♠❤✍✡✡✁❛✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❊✚♠✏❛✄ ✑✎ ✝✌✂✄✆✆✏☎✂✝✌✠ ✎✡✏✒ ②✡✏ ❛ ✎✕ ♦✑✎ r✚✄✌ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛✜✒
❇✏✂ ✆✄ ✂❤✄✎ ✎✡✏✆❛✢
✗❖✣❖✤ ✿ ②✄❛✕ ✑✝✌✄✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❲❤ ✂ ✆✄ ✎✡✏ ✂ ✟☞✝✌✠ ✔✡✏✂✢ r✚✄✌ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛ ✆✄ ✡✏✆❛✕
✌✡✂ ✎✡✏✆❛♥
✗❖✣❖✤ ✿ ◆✡✕ ✑✝✌✄✕ ❤✡✌✡✏✆✄✁ ◆ ✂ ✟✎ ✥✂✄☎ ✌✡✞✌ ✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❲✄✟✟✕ ✖ ✌✄✞✄✆ ☞✌✄✍ ✂❤ ✂ ✔✄☛✡✆✄✒ ❡✡✍ ✁✡ ✎✡✏ ✑ ☞✄ ✂❤ ✂
✡✏✂✢
✗❖✣❖✤ ✿ ❡✡✍✢ ✖❍✑ ❛☎✄ ☞✝✌✠ ✡☛ ✂❤✡❛✄ r✚✄✌ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛ ✍❤✝♠❤ ✆✄
✍✄✁✠✄✁ ✝✌ ✔✄✂✍✄✄✌ ✎✡✏✆ ✔✝✆♠❤✍✡✡✁❛ ✌✁ ✂❤✄ ❇✏✆✌✂
✓ ✆❛❤✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ②✄❛✕ ✎✄❛✒✒✒ ✂❤✄✎❍✆✄ ✡✏✆❛✒
✗❖✣❖✤ ✿ ◆✡✕ ✎✡✏❍✆✄ ✑✝❛✂ ☞✄✌✕ ❤✡✌✡✏✆✄✁ ◆ ✂ ✟✎ ✥✂✄☎ ✌✡✞✌ ✕ 147
✂❤✄✎❍✆✄ ✑✝✌✄✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❏✏❛✂ ✂❤✝✌☞✕ ✖✞ ✌ ✦ ❛❛✝✟✄✞✝✂♠❤♥ ❡✡✍ ✟✡✌✠ ❤ ✞✄ ✂❤✄✎ ✔✄✄✌
✎✡✏✆❛✢
✗❖✣❖✤ ✿ ❡✡✍ ✟✡✌✠✢ ✙❛ ✟✡✌✠ ❛ ✖ ♠ ✌ ✆✄✑✄✑✔✄✆✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❘✄ ✟✟✎✕ ✎✡✏ ✍✡✌❍✂ ✠✄✂ ✑✄ ✂✡ ✔✄✟✝✄✞✄ ✂❤ ✂♥
✗❖✣❖✤ ✿ ❇✏✂ ✎✡✏ ♠ ✌ ❛✄✄ ☛✆✡✑ ✂❤✄ ✁✡♠✏✑✄✌✂❛✕ ❤✡✌✡✏✆✄✁ ◆ ✂ ✟✎

The Proposal
✥✂✄☎ ✌✡✞✌ ✒ r✚✄✌ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛✕ ✝✂❍❛ ✂✆✏✄✕ ✍✄✆✄ ✡✌♠✄ ✂❤✄
❛✏✔s✄♠✂ ✡☛ ✁✝❛☎✏✂✄✕ ✔✏✂ ✌✡✍ ✄✞✄✆✎✔✡✁✎ ☞✌✡✍❛ ✂❤ ✂ ✂❤✄✎
✆✄ ✑✝✌✄✒ ✳❤✄✆✄❍❛ ✌✡✂❤✝✌✠ ✂✡ ✆✠✏✄ ✔✡✏✂✒ ②✡✏ ❛✄✄ ✑✎
✏✌✂❍❛ ✠✆ ✌✁✑✡✂❤✄✆ ✠ ✞✄ ✂❤✄ ☛✆✄✄ ✏❛✄ ✡☛ ✂❤✄❛✄ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛
✝✌ ☎✄✆☎✄✂✏✝✂✎ ✂✡ ✂❤✄ ☎✄ ❛ ✌✂❛ ✡☛ ✎✡✏✆ ☛ ✂❤✄✆❍❛ ✠✆ ✌✁☛ ✂❤✄✆✕
✝✌ ✆✄✂✏✆✌ ☛✡✆ ✍❤✝♠❤ ✂❤✄✎ ✍✄✆✄ ✂✡ ✑ ☞✄ ✔✆✝♠☞❛ ☛✡✆ ❤✄✆✒ ✳❤✄
☎✄ ❛ ✌✂❛ ✔✄✟✡✌✠✝✌✠ ✂✡ ✎✡✏✆ ☛ ✂❤✄✆❍❛ ✠✆ ✌✁☛ ✂❤✄✆ ❤ ✁ ✂❤✄
☛✆✄✄ ✏❛✄ ✡☛ ✂❤✄ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛ ☛✡✆ ☛✡✆✂✎ ✎✄ ✆❛✕ ✌✁ ❤ ✁ ✠✡✂ ✝✌✂✡
✂❤✄ ❤ ✔✝✂ ✡☛ ✆✄✠ ✆✁✝✌✠ ✂❤✄✑ ❛ ✂❤✄✝✆ ✡✍✌✕ ✍❤✄✌ ✝✂
❤ ☎☎✄✌✄✁ ✂❤ ✂✒✒✒
◆❆✛❆▲❨❆ ✿ ◆✡✕ ✝✂ ✝❛✌❍✂ ✂ ✟✟ ✟✝☞✄ ✂❤ ✂♥ ❇✡✂❤ ✠✆ ✌✁☛ ✂❤✄✆ ✌✁ ✠✆✄ ✂✧
✠✆ ✌✁☛ ✂❤✄✆ ✆✄♠☞✡✌✄✁ ✂❤ ✂ ✂❤✄✝✆ ✟ ✌✁ ✄✚✂✄✌✁✄✁ ✂✡ ❇✏✆✌✂
✓ ✆❛❤ ▼ ✍❤✝♠❤ ✑✄ ✌❛ ✂❤ ✂ r✚✄✌ ✓✄ ✁✡✍❛ ✍✄✆✄ ✡✏✆❛✒ ✖
✁✡✌❍✂ ❛✄✄ ✍❤ ✂ ✂❤✄✆✄ ✝❛ ✂✡ ✆✠✏✄ ✔✡✏✂✒ ✖✂❍❛ ❛✝✑☎✟✎ ❛✝✟✟✎♥
 ▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■✂✄✄ ☎✆✝✞ ✟✝✠ ✡✆☛ ☞✝✌✠✍☛✎✡☎✏ ✑✒✡✒✄✟✒ ✓✡☛✔✒✎✝✕✎✒✖
✑❆✗❆✘❨❆ ✿ ✑✝✏ ✟✝✠✂◆☛ ☎✙✍✔✄✟ ✚✝✛✙✎✜✏ ✝◆ ✍✒✛✙✎✜ ✢✠✎ ✝✢ ✍☛✣ ✤✆✒✡ ✒
☎✠◆✔◆✙☎☛✖ ✤☛✂✕☛ ✆✒☞ ✡✆☛ ✄✒✎☞ ✢✝◆ ✎☛✒◆✄✟ ✡✆◆☛☛ ✆✠✎☞◆☛☞
✟☛✒◆☎✏ ✒✎☞ ✡✆☛✎ ✞☛✂◆☛ ☎✠☞☞☛✎✄✟ ✡✝✄☞ ✡✆✒✡ ✙✡ ✙☎✎✂✡ ✝✠◆☎✖
■✕✒✎ ✥✒☎☎✙✄☛✕✙✡✌✆✏ ■ ✌✒✎ ✆✒◆☞✄✟ ❞☛✄✙☛✕☛ ✍✟ ✝✞✎ ☛✒◆☎✣ ✦✆☛☎☛
▼☛✒☞✝✞☎ ✒◆☛✎✂✡ ✞✝◆✡✆ ✍✠✌✆ ✡✝ ✍☛✣ ✦✆☛✟ ✝✎✄✟ ✌✝✍☛ ✡✝
✢✙✕☛ ☞☛☎☎✙✒✡✙✎☎✏ ✒✎☞ ✒◆☛ ✞✝◆✡✆ ✔☛◆✆✒✔☎ ❢✧✧ ◆✝✠❞✄☛☎✏ ❞✠✡ ■
✌✒✎✂✡ ☎✡✒✎☞ ✠✎✢✒✙◆✎☛☎☎✣ ✓✒✟ ✞✆✒✡ ✟✝✠ ✞✙✄✄✏ ■ ✌✒✎✂✡ ☎✡✒✎☞
✠✎✢✒✙◆✎☛☎☎✣
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❍☛✒◆ ✍☛ ✝✠✡✏ ■ ✙✍✔✄✝◆☛ ✟✝✠✖ ✦✆☛ ✔☛✒☎✒✎✡☎ ✝✢ ✟✝✠◆ ✢✒✡✆☛◆✂☎
✜◆✒✎☞✢✒✡✆☛◆✏ ✒☎ ■ ✆✒✕☛ ✒✄◆☛✒☞✟ ✆✒☞ ✡✆☛ ✆✝✎✝✠◆ ✝✢
☛❡✔✄✒✙✎✙✎✜ ✡✝ ✟✝✠✏ ✠☎☛☞ ✡✝ ❞✒✛☛ ❞◆✙✌✛☎ ✢✝◆ ✍✟ ✒✠✎✡✂☎
✜◆✒✎☞✍✝✡✆☛◆✣ ✑✝✞ ✍✟ ✒✠✎✡✂☎ ✜◆✒✎☞✍✝✡✆☛◆✏ ✞✙☎✆✙✎✜ ✡✝
✍✒✛☛ ✡✆☛✍ ✒ ✔✄☛✒☎✒✎✡✣✣✣
✑❆✗❆✘❨❆ ✿ ■ ✌✒✎✂✡ ✍✒✛☛ ✆☛✒☞ ✝◆ ✡✒✙✄ ✝✢ ✒✄✄ ✡✆✙☎ ✒❞✝✠✡ ✒✠✎✡☎ ✒✎☞
✜◆✒✎☞✢✒✡✆☛◆☎ ✒✎☞ ✜◆✒✎☞✍✝✡✆☛◆☎✣ ✦✆☛ ▼☛✒☞✝✞☎ ✒◆☛ ✝✠◆☎✏
✡✆✒✡✂☎ ✒✄✄✣
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ▼✙✎☛✣
First Flight

✑❆✗❆✘❨❆ ✿ ★✠◆☎✖ ✩✝✠ ✌✒✎ ✜✝ ✝✎ ✔◆✝✕✙✎✜ ✙✡ ✢✝◆ ✡✞✝ ☞✒✟☎ ✝✎ ☛✎☞✏ ✟✝✠
✌✒✎ ✜✝ ✒✎☞ ✔✠✡ ✝✎ ✢✙✢✡☛☛✎ ☞◆☛☎☎ ✚✒✌✛☛✡☎✏ ❞✠✡ ■ ✡☛✄✄ ✟✝✠
✡✆☛✟✂◆☛ ✝✠◆☎✏ ✝✠◆☎✏ ✝✠◆☎✖ ■ ☞✝✎✂✡ ✞✒✎✡ ✒✎✟✡✆✙✎✜ ✝✢ ✟✝✠◆☎
✒✎☞ ■ ☞✝✎✂✡ ✞✒✎✡ ✡✝ ✜✙✕☛ ✒✎✟✡✆✙✎✜ ✝✢ ✍✙✎☛✣ ✓✝ ✡✆☛◆☛✖
148 ▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✑✒✡✒✄✟✒ ✓✡☛✔✒✎✝✕✎✒✏ ■ ☞✝✎✂✡ ✞✒✎✡ ✡✆☛ ▼☛✒☞✝✞☎✏ ❞✠✡ ■ ✒✍
✒✌✡✙✎✜ ✝✎ ✔◆✙✎✌✙✔✄☛✣ ■✢ ✟✝✠ ✄✙✛☛✏ ■✂✄✄ ✍✒✛☛ ✟✝✠ ✒ ✔◆☛☎☛✎✡
✝✢ ✡✆☛✍✣
✑❆✗❆✘❨❆ ✿ ■ ✌✒✎ ✍✒✛☛ ✟✝✠ ✒ ✔◆☛☎☛✎✡ ✝✢ ✡✆☛✍ ✍✟☎☛✄✢✏ ❞☛✌✒✠☎☛ ✡✆☛✟✂◆☛
✍✙✎☛✖ ✩✝✠◆ ❞☛✆✒✕✙✝✠◆✏ ■✕✒✎ ✥✒☎☎✙✄☛✕✙✡✌✆✏ ✙☎ ☎✡◆✒✎✜☛✏ ✡✝
☎✒✟ ✡✆☛ ✄☛✒☎✡✖ s✔ ✡✝ ✡✆✙☎ ✞☛ ✆✒✕☛ ✒✄✞✒✟☎ ✡✆✝✠✜✆✡ ✝✢ ✟✝✠
✒☎ ✒ ✜✝✝☞ ✎☛✙✜✆❞✝✠◆✏ ✒ ✢◆✙☛✎☞✱ ✄✒☎✡ ✟☛✒◆ ✞☛ ✄☛✎✡ ✟✝✠ ✝✠◆
✡✆◆☛☎✆✙✎✜t✍✒✌✆✙✎☛✏ ✒✄✡✆✝✠✜✆ ✝✎ ✡✆✒✡ ✒✌✌✝✠✎✡ ✞☛ ✆✒☞ ✡✝
✔✠✡ ✝✢✢ ✝✠◆ ✝✞✎ ✡✆◆☛☎✆✙✎✜ ✡✙✄✄ ✑✝✕☛✍❞☛◆✏ ❞✠✡ ✟✝✠ ❞☛✆✒✕☛
✡✝ ✠☎ ✒☎ ✙✢ ✞☛ ✞☛◆☛ ✜✟✔☎✙☛☎✣ ✪✙✕✙✎✜ ✍☛ ✍✟ ✝✞✎ ✄✒✎☞✏
✙✎☞☛☛☞✖ ✑✝✏ ◆☛✒✄✄✟✏ ✡✆✒✡✂☎ ✎✝✡ ✒✡ ✒✄✄ ✎☛✙✜✆❞✝✠◆✄✟✖ ■✎ ✍✟
✝✔✙✎✙✝✎✏ ✙✡✂☎ ☛✕☛✎ ✙✍✔✠☞☛✎✡✏ ✙✢ ✟✝✠ ✞✒✎✡ ✡✝ ✛✎✝✞✣
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✦✆☛✎ ✟✝✠ ✍✒✛☛ ✝✠✡ ✡✆✒✡ ■✂✍ ✒ ✄✒✎☞✜◆✒❞❞☛◆❚ ▼✒☞✒✍✏ ✎☛✕☛◆
✙✎ ✍✟ ✄✙✢☛ ✆✒✕☛ ■ ✜◆✒❞❞☛☞ ✒✎✟❞✝☞✟ ☛✄☎☛✂☎ ✄✒✎☞ ✒✎☞ ■ ☎✆✒✎✂✡
✒✄✄✝✞ ✒✎✟❞✝☞✟ ✡✝ ✒✌✌✠☎☛ ✍☛ ✝✢ ✆✒✕✙✎✜ ☞✝✎☛ ☎✝✣ ❛◗✫✬✭✮✯✰
✲✳✴✵✲ ✳✶ ✳✷✴ ✭✸✹✸✺✴ ✸✻✼ ✼✹✬✻✮✲ ✽✶✹✴ ✾✸✳✴✹❪ ★❡☛✎ ▼☛✒☞✝✞☎
✒◆☛ ✍✙✎☛✖
✑❆✗❆✘❨❆ ✿ ■✡✂☎ ✎✝✡ ✡◆✠☛✏ ✡✆☛✟✂◆☛ ✝✠◆☎✖
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ▼✙✎☛✖
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ ■✄☎✆ ✝✞✄ ✄✟✠✡☛ ■☎☞☞ ✌✟✞✍✡ ✎✄☛ ■☎☞☞ ✆✡✝✏ ✑✒ ✑✞✓✡✟✆ ✞✠✄ ✄✞ ✄✔✡
▼✡✕✏✞✓✆ ✄✔✎✆ ✍✡✟✒ ✏✕✒☛
149
▲❖✖❖✗ ✿ ❲✔✕✄✘
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ ▼✒ ✑✞✓✡✟✆ ✓✎☞☞ ✙✡ ✄✔✡✟✡ ✄✔✎✆ ✍✡✟✒ ✏✕✒☛
▲❖✖❖✗ ✿ ■☎☞☞ ✚✎✍✡ ✎✄ ✄✞ ✄✔✡✑ ✎✝ ✄✔✡ ✝✡✛✜☛
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ ❨✞✠ ✏✕✟✡☛
▲❖✖❖✗ ✿ ✢❈✣✤✥✦✧★✩ ✪✥ ✧✫✩ ✧★✪✬✥❪ ✭✮✡✝ ▼✡✕✏✞✓✆ ✕✟✡ ✑✎✝✡☛ ❨✞✠
✠✝✏✡✟✆✄✕✝✏✘ ▼✎✝✡☛

The Proposal
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ P☞✡✕✆✡ ✏✞✝☎✄ ✆✔✞✠✄☛ ❨✞✠ ✛✕✝ ✆✔✞✠✄ ✒✞✠✟✆✡☞♦ ✔✞✕✟✆✡ ✎✝ ✒✞✠✟
✞✓✝ ✔✞✠✆✡ ✙✠✄ ✔✡✟✡ ■ ✑✠✆✄ ✕✆✜ ✒✞✠ ✄✞ ✟✡✆✄✟✕✎✝ ✒✞✠✟✆✡☞♦☛
▲❖✖❖✗ ✿ ■♦ ✎✄ ✓✕✆✝☎✄ ✯ ✑ ✕✏ ✕✑ ✯ ♦✞ ✟ ✄✔✎✆ ✕✓♦✠ ☞✯ ✡✮✛ ✟✠✛✎ ✕✄✎✝ ✚
✌✕☞✌✎✄✕✄✎✞✝✯ ✎♦ ✑✒ ✓✔✞☞✡ ✎✝✆✎✏✡ ✓✕✆✝☎✄ ✠✌✆✡✄✯ ■☎✏ ✄✕☞✜ ✄✞
✒✞✠ ✎✝ ✕ ✏✎♦♦✡✟✡✝✄ ✓✕✒☛ ✢✰★✣✣✩❪ ✭✮✡✝ ▼✡✕✏✞✓✆ ✕✟✡ ✑✎✝✡☛
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ ✭✠✟✆☛
▲❖✖❖✗ ✿ ▼✎✝✡☛
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ ✭✠✟✆☛
▲❖✖❖✗ ✿ ▼✎✝✡☛
✢❊✱✥★✬ ❈✧✤✲✤✳✴✵❪
✶❍✷✸✷✹❖✗ ✿ ❲✔✕✄☎✆ ✄✔✡ ✑✕✄✄✡✟✘ ❲✔✕✄ ✕✟✡ ✒✞✠ ✆✔✞✠✄✎✝✚ ♦✞✟✘
◆❆ ❆✁✂❆ ✿ P✕✌ ✕✯ ✌ ☞✡✕✆ ✡ ✄ ✡ ☞☞ ✄✔✎✆ ✚✡✝ ✄ ☞✡✑ ✕✝ ✓✔ ✞ ✞ ✓✝✆ ✭ ✮✡✝
▼✡✕✏✞✓✆✯ ✓✡ ✞✟ ✔✡✘
✶❍✷✸✷✹❖✗ ✿ ✢✥✴ t✴✺✴✵❪ ✻✕✟☞✎✝✚✯ ✄✔✡ ▼✡✕✏✞✓✆ ✕✟✡ ✞✠✟✆☛
 ▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❇✂✄☎ ✆✝✞✟✠✞☎ ✡✄✞✆✟☛ ✡✄✞✆✟☛☞✌✍✄✎✏☎ ✏☞✑ ✎✟☛ ✄✏✞✒ ✓✞ ✒☞✂✔✠✕
❉☞ ✓✞ ✟ ✔✞✟✠☞☛✟✓✝✞ ✖✟☛✗ ✘✒ ✟✂☛✄✙✠ ✚✔✟☛✛✖☞✄✏✞✔ ✚✟✌✞
✄✏✞ ✘✞✟✛☞✑✠ t☞✔ ✄✏✞ ✄✞✖✆☞✔✟✔✒ ✟☛✛ t✔✞✞ ✂✠✞ ☞t ✒☞✂✔
✚✔✟☛✛t✟✄✏✞✔✙✠ ✆✞✟✠✟☛✄✠❣ ✜✏✞ ✆✞✟✠✟☛✄✠ ✂✠✞✛ ✄✏✞ ✝✟☛✛ t☞✔
t☞✔✄✒ ✒✞✟✔✠ ✟☛✛ ✚☞✄ ✟✎✎✂✠✄☞✖✞✛ ✄☞ ✍✄ ✟✠ ✍t ✍✄ ✑✟✠ ✄✏✞✍✔
☞✑☛☎ ✑✏✞☛ ✍✄ ✏✟✆✆✞☛✞✛ ✄✏✟✄❣❣❣
❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ❊✥✎✂✠✞ ✖✞☎ ✖✒ ✆✔✞✎✍☞✂✠❣ ❡☞✂ t☞✔✚✞✄ ♦✂✠✄ ✄✏✍✠☎ ✄✏✟✄ ✄✏✞
✆✞✟✠✟☛✄✠ ✛✍✛☛✙✄ ✆✟✒ ✒☞✂✔ ✚✔✟☛✛✖☞✄✏✞✔ ✟☛✛ ✟✝✝ ✄✏✟✄☎
✓✞✎✟✂✠✞ ✄✏✞ ✘✞✟✛☞✑✠ ✑✞✔✞ ✍☛ ✛✍✠✆✂✄✞☎ ✟☛✛ ✠☞ ☞☛❣ ❜☛✛
☛☞✑ ✞✌✞✔✒✓☞✛✒ ♥☛☞✑✠ ✄✏✟✄ ✄✏✞✒✙✔✞ ☞✂✔✠❣ ✦✄ ✖✞✟☛✠ ✄✏✟✄
✒☞✂ ✏✟✌✞☛✙✄ ✠✞✞☛ ✄✏✞ ✆✝✟☛❣
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✦✙✝✝ ✆✔☞✌✞ ✄☞ ✒☞✂ ✄✏✟✄ ✄✏✞✒✙✔✞ ✖✍☛✞✗
❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ❡☞✂ ✑☞☛✙✄ ✆✔☞✌✞ ✍✄☎ ✖✒ ✛✟✔✝✍☛✚ ✧
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✦ ✠✏✟✝✝
❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ❉✞✟✔ ☞☛✞☎ ✑✏✒ ✒✞✝✝ ✝✍♥✞ ✄✏✟✄✕ ❡☞✂ ✑☞☛✙✄ ✆✔☞✌✞ ✟☛✒✄✏✍☛✚
♦✂✠✄ ✓✒ ✒✞✝✝✍☛✚❣ ✦ ✛☞☛✙✄ ✑✟☛✄ ✟☛✒✄✏✍☛✚ ☞t ✒☞✂✔✠☎ ✟☛✛ ✛☞☛✙✄
✍☛✄✞☛✛ ✄☞ ✚✍✌✞ ✂✆ ✑✏✟✄ ✦ ✏✟✌✞❣ ✐✏✒ ✠✏☞✂✝✛ ✦✕ ❜☛✛ ✒☞✂
♥☛☞✑☎ ✖✒ ✓✞✝☞✌✞✛☎ ✄✏✟✄ ✍t ✒☞✂ ✆✔☞✆☞✠✞ ✄☞ ✚☞ ☞☛ ✟✔✚✂✍☛✚
First Flight

✟✓☞✂✄ ✍✄☎ ✦✙✛ ✖✂✎✏ ✠☞☞☛✞✔ ✚✍✌✞ ✂✆ ✄✏✞ ✘✞✟✛☞✑✠ ✄☞ ✄✏✞

✆✞✟✠✟☛✄✠ ✄✏✟☛ ✄☞ ✒☞✂❣ ✜✏✞✔✞✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✦ ✛☞☛✙✄ ✂☛✛✞✔✠✄✟☛✛✗ ■☞✑ ✏✟✌✞ ✒☞✂ ✄✏✞ ✔✍✚✏✄ ✄☞ ✚✍✌✞ ✟✑✟✒
✠☞✖✞✓☞✛✒ ✞✝✠✞✙✠ ✆✔☞✆✞✔✄✒✕
150 ❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ❡☞✂ ✖✟✒ ✄✟♥✞ ✍✄ ✄✏✟✄ ✦ ♥☛☞✑ ✑✏✞✄✏✞✔ ✦ ✏✟✌✞ ✄✏✞ ✔✍✚✏✄ ☞✔
☛☞✄❣ ❇✞✎✟✂✠✞☎ ✒☞✂☛✚ ✖✟☛☎ ✦✙✖ ☛☞✄ ✂✠✞✛ ✄☞ ✓✞✍☛✚ ✠✆☞♥✞☛
✄☞ ✍☛ ✄✏✟✄ ✄☞☛✞ ☞t ✌☞✍✎✞☎ ✟☛✛ ✠☞ ☞☛❣ ✦☎ ✒☞✂☛✚ ✖✟☛☎ ✟✖
✄✑✍✎✞ ✒☞✂✔ ✟✚✞☎ ✟☛✛ ✟✠♥ ✒☞✂ ✄☞ ✠✆✞✟♥ ✄☞ ✖✞ ✑✍✄✏☞✂✄
✟✚✍✄✟✄✍☛✚ ✒☞✂✔✠✞✝t☎ ✟☛✛ ✟✝✝ ✄✏✟✄❣
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ◆☞☎ ✒☞✂ ♦✂✠✄ ✄✏✍☛♥ ✦✙✖ ✟ t☞☞✝ ✟☛✛ ✑✟☛✄ ✄☞ ✏✟✌✞ ✖✞ ☞☛✗ ❡☞✂
✎✟✝✝ ✖✒ ✝✟☛✛ ✒☞✂✔✠☎ ✟☛✛ ✄✏✞☛ ✒☞✂ ✑✟☛✄ ✖✞ ✄☞ ✄✟✝♥ ✄☞ ✒☞✂
✎✟✝✖✝✒ ✟☛✛ ✆☞✝✍✄✞✝✒✗ ❝☞☞✛ ☛✞✍✚✏✓☞✂✔✠ ✛☞☛✙✄ ✓✞✏✟✌✞ ✝✍♥✞
✄✏✟✄☎ ✡✄✞✆✟☛ ✡✄✞✆✟☛☞✌✍✄✎✏✗ ❡☞✂✙✔✞ ☛☞✄ ✟ ☛✞✍✚✏✓☞✂✔☎ ✒☞✂✙✔✞
✟ ✚✔✟✓✓✞✔✗
❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ✐✏✟✄✙✠ ✄✏✟✄✕ ✐✏✟✄ ✛✍✛ ✒☞✂ ✠✟✒✕
◆❆★❆✩❨❆ ✿ P✟✆✟☎ ✠✞☛✛ ✄✏✞ ✖☞✑✞✔✠ ☞✂✄ ✄☞ ✄✏✞ ✘✞✟✛☞✑✠ ✟✄ ☞☛✎✞✗
❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ✐✏✟✄ ✛✍✛ ✒☞✂ ✠✟✒☎ ✠✍✔✕
◆❆★❆✩❨❆ ✿ ✪✥✞☛ ✘✞✟✛☞✑✠ ✟✔✞ ☞✂✔✠☎ ✟☛✛ ✦ ✠✏✟☛✙✄ ✚✍✌✞ ✄✏✞✖ ✂✆☎ ✠✏✟☛✙✄
✚✍✌✞ ✄✏✞✖ ✂✆☎ ✠✏✟☛✙✄ ✚✍✌✞ ✄✏✞✖ ✂✆✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✐✞✙✝✝ ✠✞✞✗ ✦✙✝✝ ✏✟✌✞ ✄✏✞ ✖✟✄✄✞✔ ✄✟♥✞☛ ✄☞ ✎☞✂✔✄☎ ✟☛✛ ✄✏✞☛ ✦✙✝✝
✠✏☞✑ ✒☞✂✗
❈❍✢✣✢✤❖✁ ✿ ✜☞ ✎☞✂✔✄✕ ❡☞✂ ✎✟☛ ✄✟♥✞ ✍✄ ✄☞ ✎☞✂✔✄☎ ✟☛✛ ✟✝✝ ✄✏✟✄✗ ❡☞✂ ✎✟☛✗
✦ ♥☛☞✑ ✒☞✂✫ ✒☞✂✙✔✞ ♦✂✠✄ ☞☛ ✄✏✞ ✝☞☞♥✬☞✂✄ t☞✔ ✟ ✎✏✟☛✎✞ ✄☞ ✚☞
 t ✁ ✂✄t☎ ✆✝✞ ✆✟✟ t✠✆t✡ ☛ ✂ ♦☞tt✌✍ ✎✎☞✄✏ ✑✟✟ ✒ ✂✄ ♦☞ ♦✟☞
✇☞✄☞ ✟✌✓☞ t✠✆t✏ ✑✟✟ ✍ t✠☞✔✏
▲❖✕❖✖ ✿ ◆☞✗☞✄ ✔✌✝✞ ✆✘ ✂t ✔✒ ♦☞ ♦✟☞✏ ✙✠☞ ▲ ✔ ✗✚ ✠✆✗☞ ✆✟✟ ✘☞☞✝
✠ ✝ ✂✄✆✘✟☞ ♦☞ ♦✟☞☎ ✆✝✞ ✝ t ✝☞ ✠✆✚ ☞✗☞✄ ✘☞☞✝ t✄✌☞✞ ✍ ✄
☞✔✘☞❡❡✟☞✔☞✝t☎ ✟✌✓☞ ✒ ✂✄ ✎✄✆✝✞✍✆t✠☞✄✏
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ☛ ✂ ▲ ✔ ✗✚ ✠✆✗☞ ✠✆✞ ✟✂✝✆✁✒ ✌✝ ✒ ✂✄ ✍✆✔✌✟✒☎ ✆✟✟ ✍ ✒ ✂✏
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✑✟✟☎ ✆✟✟☎ ✆✟✟✏
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ☛ ✂✄ ✎✄✆✝✞✍✆t✠☞✄ ✇✆✚ ✆ ✞✄✂✝✓✆✄✞☎ ✆✝✞ ✒ ✂✄ ✒ ✂✝✎☞✄ ✆✂✝t☎
◆✆✚t✆✚✒✆ ✦✌✠✆✌✟ ✗✝✆☎ ✄✆✝ ✆✇✆✒ ✇✌t✠ ✆✝ ✆✄✁✠✌t☞✁t☎ ✆✝✞
✚ ✝✡✡✡
▲❖✕❖✖ ✿ ✑✝✞ ✒ ✂✄ ✔ t✠☞✄ ✇✆✚ ✠✂✔♦✧✘✆✁✓☞✞✡ ★✩✪✫✬✭✮✯✰ ✱✬ ✮✲✰ ✮✯✱✳✬❪
❙ ✔☞t✠✌✝✎ ♦✂✟✟✌✝✎ ✌✝ ✔✒ ✚✌✞☞✡✡✡ ✦✒ ✠☞✆✞✡✡✡✡ ✴☞✟♦✏ ✵✆t☞✄✏
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ☛ ✂✄ ✍✆t✠☞✄ ✇✆✚ ✆ ✎✂❡❡✟✌✝✎ ✎✆✔✘✟☞✄✏
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✑✝✞ t✠☞✄☞ ✠✆✗☞✝✶t ✘☞☞✝ ✔✆✝✒ ✘✆✁✓✘✌t☞✄✚ t ☞✷✂✆✟ ✒ ✂✄
✆✂✝t✏
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ✦✒ ✟☞✍t ✍ t ✠✆✚ ✎ ✝☞ t ✚✟☞☞♦✡✡✡ ☛ ✂✶✄☞ ✆✝ ✌✝t✄✌✎✂☞✄✡✡✡✡✸✠☎
✔✒ ✠☞✆✄t✏ ✑✝✞ ✌t✶✚ ✆✝ ♦☞✝ ✚☞✁✄☞t t✠✆t ✘☞✍ ✄☞ t✠☞ ✟✆✚t
☞✟☞✁t✌ ✝✚ ✒ ✂ ✘✄✌✡✡✡ ✹ ✁✆✝ ✚☞☞ ✚t✆✄✚✡✡✡ ✵✠☞✄☞✶✚ ✔✒ ✠✆t✺
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✹t✶✚ ✟ ✇✏ ✹t✶✚ ✞✌✚✠ ✝☞✚t✏ ✹t✶✚ ✔☞✆✝✏
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ✑✝✞ ✒ ✂✶✄☞ ✻✂✚t ✆ ✔✆✟✌✁✌ ✂✚☎ ✞ ✂✘✟☞✍✆✁☞✞ ✌✝t✄✌✎✂☞✄✏ ☛☞✚✏
▲❖✕❖✖ ✿ ✴☞✄☞✶✚ ✔✒ ✠✆t✡ ✦✒ ✠☞✆✄t✏ ✵✠✌✁✠ ✇✆✒✺ ✵✠☞✄☞✶✚ t✠☞ ✞ ✄✺ 151
✸✠ ✹ t✠✌✝✓ ✹✶✔ ✞✒✌✝✎✏ ✦✒ ✍ t✶✚ ✷✂✌t☞ ✝✂✔✘✡✡✡
★●✼✯✰ ✬✼ ✬✮✯ ✽✼✼✳✡❪
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ★❢✼✪✪✼✾✲❀❁ ✮✲❂❪ ✑✝✞ ✞ ✝✶t ✚☞t ✍ t ✌✝ ✔✒ ✠ ✂✚☞ ✆✎✆✌✝✏
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✙✆✓☞ ✌t t ✁ ✂✄t✏ ✵☞✶✟✟ ✚☞☞✏
★❃✼❂✼❄ ✰✬✱❁❁✯✳✰ ✼✫✬❅❪
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ❉☞✗✌✟ t✆✓☞ ✠✌✔✏

The Proposal
★❲✱✪❛✰ ✱❇✼✫✬ ✲❀ ✯❊✭✲✬✯❂✯❀✬✡❪
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✵✠✆t ✆ ✄✆✚✁✆✟✏ ✵✠✆t t✄✂✚t ✁✆✝ ✝☞ ✠✆✗☞ ✌✝ ✝☞✶✚
✝☞✌✎✠✘ ✂✄✚ ✆✍t☞✄ t✠✆t✏
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ✙✠☞ ✗✌✟✟✆✌✝✏ ✙✠☞ ✚✁✆✄☞✁✄ ✇✏
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✙✠☞ ✔ ✝✚t☞✄✏ ❚✌✄✚t ✠☞ t✆✓☞✚ ✂✄ ✟✆✝✞ ✆✝✞ t✠☞✝ ✠☞ ✠✆✚
t✠☞ ✌✔♦✂✞☞✝✁☞ t ✆✘✂✚☞ ✂✚✡
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ✑✝✞ t✠✆t ✘✟✌✝✞ ✠☞✝☎ ✒☞✚☎ t✠✆t t✂✄✝✌♦✧✎✠ ✚t ✠✆✚ t✠☞
✁ ✝✍ ✂✝✞☞✞ ✁✠☞☞✓ t ✔✆✓☞ ✆ ♦✄ ♦ ✚✆✟☎ ✆✝✞ ✚ ✝✏ ✵✠✆t✺
✑ ♦✄ ♦ ✚✆✟✏
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✵✠✆t ♦✄ ♦ ✚✆✟✺
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ✵✠✒☎ ✠☞ ✁✆✔☞ ✠☞✄☞ t ♦✄ ♦ ✚☞ t ✒ ✂✡
◆❆✣❆✤✥❆ ✿ ✙ ♦✄ ♦ ✚☞✺ ✙ ✔☞✺ ✵✠✒ ✞✌✞✝✶t ✒ ✂ t☞✟✟ ✔☞ ✚ ✘☞✍ ✄☞✺
❈❍✛✜✛✢❖✖ ✿ ❙ ✠☞ ✞✄☞✚✚☞✚ ✂♦ ✌✝ ☞✗☞✝✌✝✎ ✁✟ t✠☞✚✡ ✙✠☞ ✚t✂✍✍☞✞ ✚✆✂✚✆✎☞✏
✙✠☞ ✇✌❡☞✝✧✍✆✁☞✞ ✍✄✂✔♦✏
 ◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❚✁ ✂✄✁✂✁☎✆ ✝✁ ✞✆✟ ✠✡☛ ☞❋✌✍✍✎ ✏✑✒✓ ✌✑ ✔✌✎✕✖✗✘✌✏✙ ✌✑✚ ✛✌✏✍✎❪
❇✄✜✢✣ ✡✜✞ ✤✥✦✧☛ ❇✥✦✧☛ ✠✡☛ ❇✄✜✢✣ ✡✜✞ ✡✆✄✆★
❈❍✩✪✩✫✬✭ ✿ ❇✄✜✢✣ ✮✡✁✞ ✡✆✄✆✟
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ◗✯✜✦✧✰ ✱✯✜✦✧☛ ✲✳✞ ✜✴✴☛ ✵✆✝✦✡ ✡✜✞☛
☞✶✕✎✒✔✙✏✗✎★❪
❈❍✩✪✩✫✬✭ ✿ ❲✡✥✝✳☎ ✝✡✥✝✟ ❲✡✥✝✳☎ ✝✡✆ ✞✥✝✝✆✄ ✮✜✝✡ ✷✁✯✟ ☞✸✍✹✒✗✘✔✎ ✌✒
✘✏✎ ✘✔✌✚❪ ✺✡✰ ✯✢✡✥✂✂✷ ✞✥✢ ✝✡✥✝ ✲ ✥✞☛ ✲✳✴✴ ☎✡✁✁✝ ✞✷☎✆✴✻☛
✲✳✴✴ ✡✥✢✣ ✞✷☎✆✴✻☛ ❲✆✳❡✆ ✼✁✢✆ ✻✁✄ ✡✆✄☛
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✲✳✞ ✼✷✜✢✣☛ ✵✆✝✦✡ ✡✜✞☛
❈❍✩✪✩✫✬✭ ✿ ❚✻✁✁☛ ✠✝ ✁✢✦✆★ ✽✁✢✳✝ ✷✆✴✴☛
☞❘✹✑✎ ✓✹✒✾ ❀ ❁✌✹✎✔★❪
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ☞❂✌✒✌✍✕✌ ❃✒✔❁✌✑✓❄✑✌ ✛✌✏✍✎★❪ ❲✡✥✝ ✡✥❡✆ ✝✡✆✷ ✼✁✢✆ ✝✁ ✞✆✟
✵✆✝✦✡ ✡✜✞ ✤✥✦✧☛ ✵✆✝✦✡ ✡✜✞☛
☞❀ ❁✌✹✎✔✾ ✸✘✹❅✹❉✓❄ ✙✹✑✎ ✏✑★❪
❈❍✩✪✩✫✬✭ ✿ ❊✆✳☎ ✦✁✞✜✢✣✰ ✥✢✼ ☎✁ ✁✢✰ ✼✆❡✜✴ ✝✥✧✆ ✡✜✞☛ ✺✯✻☛ ❚✥✴✧ ✝✁ ✡✜✞
✷✁✯✄☎✆✴✻② ✲ ✼✁✢✳✝ ✮✥✢✝ ✝✁★★★
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ☞✛✌✏✍✎❪ ✵✆✝✦✡ ✡✜✞☛
First Flight

❈❍✩✪✩✫✬✭ ✿ ☞✕✔✍✍✎❪ ❊✆✳☎ ✦✁✞✜✢✣✰ ✲ ✝✆✴✴ ✷✁✯★ ✺✡✰ ✮✡✥✝ ✥ ✤✯✄✼✆✢✰ ●✁✄✼✰ ✝✁
✤✆ ✝✡✆ ✻✥✝✡✆✄ ✁✻ ✥ ✣✄✁✮✢❜✯✂ ✼✥✯✣✡✝✆✄☛ ✲✳✴✴ ✦✯✝ ✞✷ ✝✡✄✁✥✝ ✲
✮✜✴✴✰ ✜✢✼✆✆✼☛ ❲✆ ✦✯✄☎✆✼ ✡✜✞✰ ✥✤✯☎✆✼ ✡✜✞✰ ✼✄✁❡✆ ✡✜✞ ✁✯✝②
✥✢✼ ✜✝✳☎ ✥✴✴ ✷✁✯★★★ ✷✁✯☛
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ◆✁✰ ✜✝ ✮✥☎ ✷✁✯☛
152 ❈❍✩✪✩✫✬✭ ✿ ✲ ✝✆✴✴ ✷✁✯ ✜✝✳☎ ✢✁✝ ✞✷ ✻✥✯✴✝★ ☞■✓❏✓❄ ✌❁❁✔✌✙✎ ✌✒ ✒✘✔ ✚✓✓✙❪
◆✁✮ ✷✁✯ ✝✥✴✧ ✝✁ ✡✜✞ ✷✁✯✄☎✆✴✻★
☞❑▼✏✒★❪
●✬❖✬✭ ✿ ☞■✓❏✓❄ ✔✑✒✔✙✎P ✔▼✘✌✹✎✒✔✚✾❪ ❙✷ ✡✆✥✄✝✳☎ ✂✥✴✂✜✝✥✝✜✢✣ ✥✮✻✯✴✴✷★
❙✷ ✻✁✁✝✳☎ ✣✁✢✆ ✝✁ ☎✴✆✆✂★ ❚✡✆✄✆✳☎ ☎✁✞✆✝✡✜✢✣ ✝✡✥✝ ✧✆✆✂☎
✂✯✴✴✜✢✣ ✜✢ ✞✷ ☎✜✼✆★★★★
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✵✁✄✣✜❡✆ ✯☎✰ ✲❡✥✢ ❯✥☎☎✜✴✆❡✜✝✦✡✰ ✮✆ ✮✆✄✆ ✥✴✴ ✥ ✴✜✝✝✴✆ ✡✆✥✝✆✼★
✲ ✄✆✞✆✞✤✆✄ ✢✁✮✿ ✺❱✆✢ ❙✆✥✼✁✮☎★★★ ✄✆✥✴✴✷ ✥✄✆ ✷✁✯✄☎★
●✬❖✬✭ ✿ ❙✷ ✡✆✥✄✝✳☎ ✤✆✥✝✜✢✣ ✥✮✻✯✴✴✷★ ❙✷ ❙✆✥✼✁✮☎★★★ ❙✷ ✆✷✆✤✄✁✮☎
✥✄✆ ✤✁✝✡ ✝✮✜✝✦✡✜✢✣★★★★
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❚✡✆ ❙✆✥✼✁✮☎ ✥✄✆ ✷✁✯✄☎✰ ✷✆☎✰ ✷✁✯✄☎★ ✽✁ ☎✜✝ ✼✁✮✢★ ☞❳✘✔✕
✎✏✒❪ ❲✆ ✮✆✄✆ ✮✄✁✢✣★
●✬❖✬✭ ✿ ✲ ✼✜✼ ✜✝ ✁✢ ✂✄✜✢✦✜✂✴✆★ ❙✷ ✴✥✢✼ ✜☎ ✮✁✄✝✡ ✴✜✝✝✴✆ ✝✁ ✞✆✰ ✤✯✝ ✝✡✆
✂✄✜✢✦✜✂✴✆★★★
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❩✆☎✰ ✝✡✆ ✂✄✜✢✦✜✂✴✆✰ ❬✯☎✝ ☎✁★ ◆✁✮ ✴✆✝✳☎ ✝✥✴✧ ✁✻ ☎✁✞✆✝✡✜✢✣ ✆✴☎✆★
●✬❖✬✭ ✿ ❚✡✆ ✞✁✄✆ ☎✁ ✥☎ ✲ ✡✥❡✆ ✆❡✜✼✆✢✦✆★ ❙✷ ✥✯✢✝✳☎ ✣✄✥✢✼✞✁✝✡✆✄
✣✥❡✆ ✝✡✆ ✴✥✢✼ ✝✁ ✷✁✯✄ ✻✥✝✡✆✄✳☎ ✣✄✥✢✼✻✥✝✡✆✄✳☎ ✂✆✥☎✥✢✝☎★★★
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❩✆☎✰ ✷✆☎✰ ✴✆✝ ✝✡✥✝ ✂✥☎☎★ ☞✌✎✏✚✔❪ ✲ ✮✜☎✡ ✲ ✧✢✆✮ ✡✁✮ ✝✁ ✣✆✝
✡✜✞ ☎✝✥✄✝✆✼★ ☞✌✍✓✹✚❪ ✠✄✆ ✷✁✯ ✣✁✜✢✣ ✝✁ ☎✝✥✄✝ ☎✡✁✁✝✜✢✣ ☎✁✁✢✟
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■✂✄ ☎✆✝✞✟✝✞✠ ✡☛ ✆☞✌✝✞✠ ☞ ✠✡ ☞☎ ☎✆✍ ✎✏☞✑✟✑✡✑✟✒ ✆✡✞✡✓✔✍✕
◆☞☎☞✏✖☞ ✗☎✍✘☞✞✡✌✞☞✒ ☞☛☎✍✔ ☎✆✍ ✆☞✔✌✍✙☎✚ ✛✆✒ ✆☞✌✍ ✖✡✓
✆✍☞✔✕❤ ✜✓✙☎ ☎✆✝✞✟✒ ✢✆☞☎ ☞ ✄✝✙☛✡✔☎✓✞✍ ■✂✌✍ ✆☞✕✣ ✤✖ ✕✡✠
●✓✍✙✙✒ ✢✆✡ ✖✡✓ ✟✞✡✢✒ ✆☞✙ ✠✡✞✍ ✏☞✄✍✚
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ❲✆☞☎ ☞ ✘✝☎✖✣ ❲✆✖❤
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■ ✕✡✞✂☎ ✟✞✡✢✚ ✤✓✙☎ ✆☞✌✍ ✠✡☎ ✆✝✙ ✏✍✠ ☎✢✝✙☎✍✕ ✡✔ ✎✝☎☎✍✞ ✎✖
✙✡✄✍ ✡☎✆✍✔ ✕✡✠✚ ❬★✩✪✫★✬ ✤✖ ✌✍✔✖ ✎✍✙☎ ✕✡✠✒ ☎✡ ✙☞✖ ✞✡☎✆✝✞✠
✡☛ ☎✆✍ ✍♦✘✍✞✙✍✚ ■ ✠☞✌✍ ✤✝✔✡✞✡✌ ✭✮✯ ✔✡✓✎✏✍✙ ☛✡✔ ✆✝✄✚
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ■☎ ✢☞✙ ☎✡✡ ✄✓✑✆✒ ■✌☞✞ ✰☞✙✙✝✏✍✌✝☎✑✆✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■ ☎✆✝✞✟ ✝☎ ✢☞✙ ✌✍✔✖ ✑✆✍☞✘✚ ✱✍✂✙ ☞ ☛✝✔✙☎✲✔☞☎✍ ✕✡✠✚
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ P☞✘☞ ✠☞✌✍ ✳✯ ✔✡✓✎✏✍✙ ☛✡✔ ✆✝✙ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔✒ ☞✞✕ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔ ✝✙
✆✍☞✘✙ ✎✍☎☎✍✔ ☎✆☞✞ ●✓✍✙✙✣
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔ ✎✍☎☎✍✔ ☎✆☞✞ ●✓✍✙✙❤ ❲✆☞☎ ☞✞ ✝✕✍☞✣ ❙❧✶✷✪✫★❪
✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔ ✎✍☎☎✍✔ ☎✆☞✞ ●✓✍✙✙✣
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ✛☛ ✑✡✓✔✙✍ ✆✍✂✙ ✎✍☎☎✍✔✣ ✛☛ ✑✡✓✔✙✍✒ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔ ✝✙ ✖✡✓✞✠✒ ✆✍
✄☞✖ ✕✍✌✍✏✡✘ ☞ ✎✝☎✒ ✎✓☎ ✡✞ ✘✡✝✞☎✙ ☞✞✕ ✘✍✕✝✠✔✍✍ ✆✍✂✙ ✎✍☎☎✍✔
☎✆☞✞ ☞✞✖☎✆✝✞✠ ☎✆☞☎ ✍✌✍✞ ✰✡✏✑✆☞✞✍☎✙✟✖ ✆☞✙ ✠✡☎✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❊♦✑✓✙✍ ✄✍✒ ◆☞☎☞✏✖☞ ✗☎✍✘☞✞✡✌✞☞✒ ✎✓☎ ✖✡✓ ☛✡✔✠✍☎ ☎✆☞☎ ✆✍
✝✙ ✡✌✍✔✙✆✡☎✒ ☞✞✕ ☞✞ ✡✌✍✔✙✆✡☎ ☞✏✢☞✖✙ ✄✍☞✞✙ ☎✆✍ ✕✡✠ ✝✙ ☞
✎☞✕ ✆✓✞☎✍✔✣
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ✛✌✍✔✙✆✡☎✒ ✝✙ ✆✍❤ ✸✆✍ ☛✝✔✙☎ ☎✝✄✍ ■ ✆✍☞✔ ✝☎✣ 153
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■ ☞✙✙✓✔✍ ✖✡✓ ☎✆☞☎ ✆✝✙ ✏✡✢✍✔ ❡☞✢ ✝✙ ✙✆✡✔☎✍✔ ☎✆☞✞ ☎✆✍ ✓✘✘✍✔✚
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ✱☞✌✍ ✖✡✓ ✄✍☞✙✓✔✍✕❤
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❨✍✙✚ ✱✍✂✙ ☞✏✏ ✔✝✠✆☎ ☞☎ ☛✡✏✏✡✢✝✞✠✒ ✡☛ ✑✡✓✔✙✍✒ ✎✓☎ ✝☛ ✖✡✓ ✢☞✞☎
☎✡ ✠✍☎ ✆✡✏✕ ✡☛ ☞✞✖☎✆✝✞✠✚✚✚
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ■✞ ☎✆✍ ☛✝✔✙☎ ✘✏☞✑✍✒ ✡✓✔ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔ ✝✙ ☞ ☎✆✡✔✡✓✠✆✎✔✍✕ ☞✞✝✄☞✏✒
☎✆✍ ✙✡✞ ✡☛ ✱☞✔✞✍✙✙ ☞✞✕ t✆✝✙✍✏✙ ✢✆✝✏✍ ☎✆✍✔✍✂✙ ✞✡ ✠✍☎☎✝✞✠
☞☎ ☎✆✍ ✘✍✕✝✠✔✍✍ ✡☛ ✖✡✓✔ ✕✡✠ ☞☎ ☞✏✏✚ ✱✍✂✙ ✡✏✕ ☞✞✕ ☞✙ ✓✠✏✖ ☞✙

The Proposal
☞ ✢✡✔✞✲✡✓☎ ✑☞✎✲✆✡✔✙✍✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✱✍ ✝✙ ✡✏✕✒ ✎✓☎ ■ ✢✡✓✏✕✞✂☎ ☎☞✟✍ ☛✝✌✍ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔✙ ☛✡✔ ✆✝✄✚
❲✆✖✒ ✆✡✢ ✑☞✞ ✖✡✓❤ ●✓✍✙✙ ✝✙ ☞ ✕✡✠✹ ☞✙ ☛✡✔ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔✒ ✢✍✏✏✒
✝☎✂✙ ☎✡✡ ☛✓✞✞✖ ☎✡ ☞✔✠✓✍✚ ✐✞✖✎✡✕✖ ✖✡✓ ✏✝✟✍ ✆☞✙ ☞ ✕✡✠ ☞✙
✠✡✡✕ ☞✙ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔✚✚✚ ✖✡✓ ✄☞✖ ☛✝✞✕ ☎✆✍✄ ✓✞✕✍✔ ✍✌✍✔✖ ✎✓✙✆
☞✏✄✡✙☎✚ ✸✢✍✞☎✖✲☛✝✌✍ ✔✡✓✎✏✍✙ ✢✡✓✏✕ ✎✍ ☞ ✆☞✞✕✙✡✄✍ ✘✔✝✑✍
☎✡ ✘☞✖ ☛✡✔ ✆✝✄✚
◆❆✥❆✦✧❆ ✿ ✸✆✍✔✍✂✙ ✙✡✄✍ ✕✍✄✡✞ ✡☛ ✑✡✞☎✔☞✕✝☎✝✡✞ ✝✞ ✖✡✓ ☎✡✕☞✖✒ ■✌☞✞
✰☞✙✙✝✏✍✌✝☎✑✆✚ ❛✝✔✙☎ ✖✡✓ ✘✔✍☎✍✞✕ ☎✆☞☎ ☎✆✍ ✤✍☞✕✡✢✙ ☞✔✍
✖✡✓✔✙✹ ✞✡✢✒ ☎✆☞☎ ●✓✍✙✙ ✝✙ ✎✍☎☎✍✔ ☎✆☞✞ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔✚ ■ ✕✡✞✂☎
✏✝✟✍ ✘✍✡✘✏✍ ✢✆✡ ✕✡✞✂☎ ✙☞✖ ✢✆☞☎ ☎✆✍✖ ✄✍☞✞✒ ✎✍✑☞✓✙✍
✖✡✓ ✟✞✡✢ ✘✍✔☛✍✑☎✏✖ ✢✍✏✏ ☎✆☞☎ ✗✴✓✍✍✵✍✔ ✝✙ ☞ ✆✓✞✕✔✍✕
☎✝✄✍✙ ✎✍☎☎✍✔ ☎✆☞✞ ✖✡✓✔ ✙✝✏✏✖ ●✓✍✙✙✚ ❲✆✖ ✕✡ ✖✡✓ ✢☞✞☎
☎✡ ✙☞✖ ✆✍ ✝✙✞✂☎❤
 ▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■ ✂✄✄☎ ✆✝✞✝✟✠✝ ✡✞✄☛✝☞✌✍☞✝☎ ✞✎✝✞ ✠✌✏ ✑✌☞✂✒✓✄✔ ✕✄ ✄✒✞✎✄✔
❜✟✒☞✓ ✌✔ ✝ ✖✌✌✟✗ ✘✌✏ ✕✏✂✞ ✔✄✝✟✒✂✄ ✞✎✝✞ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔ ✒✂ ✌✍✄✔✂✎✌✞✚
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ■✞✢✂ ☞✌✞ ✞✔✏✄✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❍✄ ✒✂✚
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ■✞✢✂ ☞✌✞ ✞✔✏✄✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❲✎✠ ✂✎✌✏✞ ✕✝✓✝✕✣
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ❲✎✠ ✞✝✟✤ ✔✌✞✣ ■✞✢✂ ✝✥✖✏✟✚ ■✞✢✂ ✞✒✕✄ ✠✌✏✔ ✦✏✄✂✂ ✥✝✂ ✂✎✌✞☎
✝☞✓ ✠✌✏ ✑✌✕☛✝✔✄ ✎✒✕ ✥✒✞✎ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❊✧✑✏✂✄ ✕✄☎ ■ ✑✝☞☞✌✞ ✑✌☞✞✒☞✏✄ ✞✎✒✂ ✓✒✂✑✏✂✂✒✌☞☎ ✕✠ ✎✄✝✔✞
✒✂ ☛✝✟☛✒✞✝✞✒☞✐✗
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ■✢✍✄ ☞✌✞✒✑✄✓ ✞✎✝✞ ✞✎✌✂✄ ✎✏☞✞✄✔✂ ✝✔✐✏✄ ✕✌✂✞ ✥✎✌ ✤☞✌✥ ✟✄✝✂✞✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ▼✝✓✝✕☎ ☛✟✄✝✂✄ ❜✄ ✂✒✟✄☞✞✗ ▼✠ ✎✄✝✔✞ ✒✂ ✐✌✒☞✐ ✞✌ ☛✒✄✑✄✂✗
❬s★✩✪✫s❪ ✡✎✏✞ ✏☛✚
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ■ ✂✎✝☞✢✞ ✂✎✏✞ ✏☛ ✏☞✞✒✟ ✠✌✏ ✝✑✤☞✌✥✟✄✓✐✄ ✞✎✝✞ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔ ✒✂
✝ ✎✏☞✓✔✄✓ ✞✒✕✄✂ ❜✄✞✞✄✔ ✞✎✝☞ ✠✌✏✔ ✦✏✄✂✂✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✬ ✎✏☞✓✔✄✓ ✞✒✕✄✂ ✥✌✔✂✄✚ ✭✄ ✎✝☞✐✄✓ ✞✌ ✠✌✏✔ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔✚ ❍✒✂
✎✄✝✓✗✗✗ ✄✠✄✂✗✗✗ ✂✎✌✏✟✓✄✔✗✗✗
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ❚✎✄✔✄✢✂ ☞✌ ☞✄✄✓ ✞✌ ✎✝☞✐ ✠✌✏✔ ✂✒✟✟✠ ✦✏✄✂✂✮ ✎✄✢✂ ✎✝✟✖✯✓✄✝✓
First Flight

✝✟✔✄✝✓✠✚
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❬✇✰✰✱s❪ ✡✎✏✞ ✏☛✚ ▼✠ ✎✄✝✔✞✢✂ ❜✏✔✂✞✒☞✐✚
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ ■ ✂✎✝☞✢✞ ✂✎✏✞ ✏☛✗
❬✲✳✫✰✴ ✵★✪✶✪✷✩✸✗❪
154 ❈✹✺✻✺✼❖✁ ✿ ❲✎✝✞✢✂ ✞✎✄ ✕✝✞✞✄✔ ☞✌✥✣
✆❆✛❆✜❨❆ ✿ P✝☛✝☎ ✞✄✟✟ ✏✂ ✞✔✏✟✠☎ ✥✎✒✑✎ ✒✂ ✞✎✄ ❜✄✞✞✄✔ ✓✌✐☎ ✌✏✔ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔
✌✔ ✎✒✂ ✦✏✄✂✂✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✡✞✄☛✝☞ ✡✞✄☛✝☞✌✍✒✞✑✎☎ ■ ✒✕☛✟✌✔✄ ✠✌✏ ✞✌ ✞✄✟✟ ✕✄ ❙✏✂✞ ✌☞✄
✞✎✒☞✐✿ ✒✂ ✠✌✏✔ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔ ✌✍✄✔✂✎✌✞ ✌✔ ☞✌✞✣ ✘✄✂ ✌✔ ☞✌✣
❈✹✺✻✺✼❖✁ ✿ ✬☞✓ ✂✏☛☛✌✂✄ ✎✄ ✒✂✣ ❲✎✝✞ ✓✌✄✂ ✒✞ ✕✝✞✞✄✔✣ ❍✄✢✂ ✞✎✄ ❜✄✂✞ ✓✌✐
✒☞ ✞✎✄ ✓✒✂✞✔✒✑✞ ✖✌✔ ✝✟✟ ✞✎✝✞☎ ✝☞✓ ✂✌ ✌☞✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✭✏✞ ✒✂☞✢✞ ✕✠ ✦✏✄✂✂ ❜✄✞✞✄✔✣ ❇✄✝✟✟✠☎ ☞✌✥✣
❈✹✺✻✺✼❖✁ ✿ ❉✌☞✢✞ ✄✧✑✒✞✄ ✠✌✏✔✂✄✟✖☎ ✕✠ ☛✔✄✑✒✌✏✂ ✌☞✄✗ ✬✟✟✌✥ ✕✄✗ ✘✌✏✔
✦✏✄✂✂ ✑✄✔✞✝✒☞✟✠ ✎✝✂ ✎✒✂ ✐✌✌✓ ☛✌✒☞✞✂✗ ❍✄✢✂ ☛✏✔✄❜✔✄✓☎ ✖✒✔✕
✌☞ ✎✒✂ ✖✄✄✞☎ ✎✝✂ ✥✄✟✟✯✂☛✔✏☞✐ ✔✒❜✂☎ ✝☞✓ ✝✟✟ ✞✎✝✞✗ ✭✏✞☎ ✕✠
✓✄✝✔ ✕✝☞☎ ✒✖ ✠✌✏ ✥✝☞✞ ✞✌ ✤☞✌✥ ✞✎✄ ✞✔✏✞✎☎ ✞✎✝✞ ✓✌✐ ✎✝✂
✞✥✌ ✓✄✖✄✑✞✂✿ ✎✄✢✂ ✌✟✓ ✝☞✓ ✎✄✢✂ ✂✎✌✔✞ ✒☞ ✞✎✄ ✕✏✙✙✟✄✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❊✧✑✏✂✄ ✕✄☎ ✕✠ ✎✄✝✔✞✗✗✗ ▲✄✞✢✂ ✞✝✤✄ ✞✎✄ ✖✝✑✞✂✗ ✘✌✏ ✥✒✟✟
✔✄✕✄✕❜✄✔ ✞✎✝✞ ✌☞ ✞✎✄ ▼✝✔✏✂✒☞✂✤✠ ✎✏☞✞ ✕✠ ✦✏✄✂✂ ✔✝☞
☞✄✑✤✯✝☞✓✯☞✄✑✤ ✥✒✞✎ ✞✎✄ ❈✌✏☞✞✢✂ ✓✌✐☎ ✥✎✒✟✄ ✠✌✏✔ ✡❡✏✄✄✙✄✔
✥✝✂ ✟✄✖✞ ✝ ✥✎✌✟✄ ✍✄✔✂✞ ❜✄✎✒☞✓✗
❈✹✺✻✺✼❖✁ ✿ ❍✄ ✐✌✞ ✟✄✖✞ ❜✄✎✒☞✓ ❜✄✑✝✏✂✄ ✞✎✄ ❈✌✏☞✞✢✂ ✥✎✒☛☛✄✔✯✒☞ ✎✒✞
✎✒✕ ✥✒✞✎ ✎✒✂ ✥✎✒☛✗
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❆✂✄ ☎✆✝✞ ✟✠✠✄ ✡☛☞✌✠✂✍ ✎✞☛ ✄✠✟✌ ☞✡☛ ✡✏✂✂✆✂✟ ☞✑✝☛✡ ☞ ✑✠✒✓
☎✞☛✂ ✇✔✏☛☛✕☛✡ ✟✠☛✌ ☞✂✄ ✌✝☞✡✝✌ ☎✠✡✡✖✆✂✟ ☞ ✌✞☛☛✗✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ■✝✜✌ ✂✠✝ ✝✡✏☛✘ ✢✖ ✄☛☞✡ ✑☛✣✣✠☎✓ ■✜✤ ✥☛✡✖ ✣✆☞✦✣☛ ✝✠ ✣✠✌☛ ✤✖
✝☛✤✗☛✡✓ ☞✂✄ ✌✠✓ ✱✏✌✝ ✦☛✧☞✏✌☛ ✠✑ ✝✞☞✝✓ ✣☛✝✜✌ ✌✝✠✗ ☞✡✟✏✆✂✟✍
❨✠✏ ✌✝☞✡✝☛✄ ✦☛✧☞✏✌☛ ☛✥☛✡✖✦✠✄✖ ✆✌ ☞✣☎☞✖✌ ✱☛☞✣✠✏✌ ✠✑
☛✥☛✡✖✦✠✄✖ ☛✣✌☛✜✌ ✄✠✟✌✍ ❨☛✌✓ ☎☛✜✡☛ ☞✣✣ ✣✆❡☛ ✝✞☞✝✘ ❨✠✏ ✝✠✠✓ ✌✆✡✓
☞✡☛✂✜✝ ✦✣☞✤☛✣☛✌✌✘ ❨✠✏ ✂✠ ✌✠✠✂☛✡ ✦☛✟✆✂ ☎✆✝✞ ✝✞✆✌✓ ✝✞☞✝ ☞✂✄
✝✞☛ ✠✝✞☛✡✓ ☞✂✄ ☞✣✣ ✝✞☞✝✍✍✍ ■ ✡☛✤☛✤✦☛✡ ☛✥☛✡✖✝✞✆✂✟✘
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■ ✡☛✤☛✤✦☛✡ ✝✠✠✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ★t✩✪✫✬✭✮ ✯✬✰❪ ■ ✡☛✤☛✤✦☛✡✓ ✝✠✠✘ ✲✞☞✝ ✄✠ ✖✠✏ ✡☛✤☛✤✦☛✡✳
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✢✖ ✞☛☞✡✝✍✍✍ ✤✖ ✑✠✠✝✜✌ ✟✠✂☛ ✝✠ ✌✣☛☛✗✍ ■ ✧☞✂✜✝✍✍✍
◆✴✵✴✶✷✴ ✿ ★t✩✪✫✬✭✮❪ ✢✖ ✞☛☞✡✝✘ ✲✞☞✝ ✌✠✡✝ ✠✑ ☞ ✞✏✂✝☛✡ ☞✡☛ ✖✠✏✳ ❨✠✏
✠✏✟✞✝ ✝✠ ✟✠ ☞✂✄ ✣✆☛ ✠✂ ✝✞☛ ❡✆✝✧✞☛✂ ✠✥☛✂ ☞✂✄ ✧☞✝✧✞ ✦✣☞✧❡
✦☛☛✝✣☛✌✓ ✂✠✝ ✟✠ ☞✑✝☛✡ ✑✠✒☛✌✘ ✢✖ ✞☛☞✡✝✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ❨☛✌ ✡☛☞✣✣✖✓ ☎✞☞✝ ✌✠✡✝ ✠✑ ☞ ✞✏✂✝☛✡ ☞✡☛ ✖✠✏✓ ☞✂✖☎☞✖✳ ❨✠✏
✠✏✟✞✝ ✝✠ ✌✆✝ ☞✝ ✞✠✤☛ ☎✆✝✞ ✖✠✏✡ ✗☞✣✗✆✝☞✝✆✠✂✌✓ ☞✂✄ ✂✠✝ ✟✠
✝✡☞✧❡✆✂✟ ☞✂✆✤☞✣✌✍ ❨✠✏ ✧✠✏✣✄ ✟✠ ✞✏✂✝✆✂✟✓ ✦✏✝ ✖✠✏ ✠✂✣✖ ✟✠
✝✠ ☞✡✟✏☛ ☎✆✝✞ ✗☛✠✗✣☛ ☞✂✄ ✆✂✝☛✡✑☛✡☛ ☎✆✝✞ ✝✞☛✆✡ ✄✠✟✌ ☞✂✄ ✌✠
✠✂✍ ▲☛✝✜✌ ✧✞☞✂✟☛ ✝✞☛ ✌✏✦✱☛✧✝ ✆✂ ✧☞✌☛ ■ ✣✠✌☛ ✤✖ ✝☛✤✗☛✡✍
❨✠✏✜✡☛ ✂✠✝ ☞ ✞✏✂✝☛✡ ☞✝ ☞✣✣✓ ☞✂✖☎☞✖✘
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❆✂✄ ☞✡☛ ✖✠✏ ☞ ✞✏✂✝☛✡✳ ❨✠✏ ✠✂✣✖ ✟✠ ✞✏✂✝✆✂✟ ✝✠ ✟☛✝ ✆✂ ☎✆✝✞ 155
✝✞☛ ❈✠✏✂✝ ☞✂✄ ✝✠ ✆✂✝✡✆✟✏☛✍ ✸✞✓ ✤✖ ✞☛☞✡✝✘ ❨✠✏✜✡☛ ☞✂
✆✂✝✡✆✟✏☛✡✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ✲✞☞✝✳ ■ ☞✤ ☞✂ ✆✂✝✡✆✟✏☛✡✳ ★✫✯s✹t✫❪ ✇✞✏✝ ✏✗✘
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ■✂✝✡✆✟✏☛✡✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ❇✠✖✘ ✺✏✗✘
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✸✣✄ ✡☞✝✘ ✻☛✌✏✆✝✘

The Proposal
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ✇✞✏✝ ✏✗ ✠✡ ■✜✣✣ ✌✞✠✠✝ ✖✠✏ ✣✆❡☛ ☞ ✗☞✡✝✡✆✄✟☛✘ ❨✠✏ ✑✠✠✣✘
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ❊✥☛✡✖✦✠✄✖ ❡✂✠☎✌ ✝✞☞✝ ✼ ✠✞✓ ✤✖ ✞☛☞✡✝✘ ✼ ✖✠✏✡ ✣☞✝☛ ☎✆✑☛
✏✌☛✄ ✝✠ ✦☛☞✝ ✖✠✏✍✍✍ ✢✖ ✑☛☛✝✍✍✍ ✝☛✤✗✣☛✌✍✍✍ ✌✗☞✡❡✌✍✍✍ ■ ✑☞✣✣✓
■ ✑☞✣✣✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ❆✂✄ ✖✠✏✜✡☛ ✏✂✄☛✡ ✝✞☛ ✌✣✆✗✗☛✡ ✠✑ ✖✠✏✡ ✞✠✏✌☛✽❡☛☛✗☛✡✘
▲❖ ❖✁ ✿ ✎✞☛✡☛✓ ✝✞☛✡☛✓ ✝✞☛✡☛✍✍✍ ✤✖ ✞☛☞✡✝✜✌ ✦✏✡✌✝✘ ✢✖ ✌✞✠✏✣✄☛✡✌ ✧✠✤☛
✠✑✑✘ ✲✞☛✡☛ ✆✌ ✤✖ ✌✞✠✏✣✄☛✡✳ ■ ✄✆☛✍ ★❋✪✾✾✫ ✬✭ts ✪✭ ✪❀✰♠✯✪✬❀❪ ❆
✄✠✧✝✠✡✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ❇✠✖✘ ✢✆✣❡✌✠✗✘ ❁✠✠✣✘ ■✜✤ ✌✆✧❡✘ ★❉❀✬✭❂✫ ❃✪t✩❀❪ ✇✆✧❡✘
◆✴✵✴✶✷✴ ✿ ✲✞☞✝ ✌✠✡✝ ✠✑ ☞ ✞✏✂✝☛✡ ☞✡☛ ✖✠✏✳ ❨✠✏ ✧☞✂✜✝ ☛✥☛✂ ✌✆✝ ✠✂ ☞
✞✠✡✌☛✘ ★❚s ✯✩❀ ❄✪t✯✩❀❪ ✺☞✗☞✓ ☎✞☞✝✜✌ ✝✞☛ ✤☞✝✝☛✡ ☎✆✝✞ ✞✆✤✳
✺☞✗☞✘ ▲✠✠❡✓ ✺☞✗☞✘ ★✫♠❀✩✪✰✫❪ ■✥☞✂ ❅☞✌✌✆✣☛✥✆✝✧✞✘ ❛☛✜✌ ✄☛☞✄✘
❈❍✙✚✙✛❖✁ ✿ ■✜✤ ✌✆✧❡✘ ■ ✧☞✂✜✝ ✦✡☛☞✝✞☛✘ ❆✆✡✘
 ◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ❍✁✂✄ ☎✁✆☎✝ ✞P✟✠✠✡ ☛☞✌☞✍✎✡ ✡✠ss✍s❪ ✏✑✆✒ ✓✆✄✄❛✔✁✑❛✕✖✗✘ ✏✑✆✒
✓✆✄✄❛✔✁✑❛✕✖✗✘ ✙✗✆✕ ✗✆✑✁ ✚✛✜ ☎✛✒✁ ✕✛ ✢✁✣ ❍✁✂✄ ☎✁✆☎✝ ✞❋✤✠✠✡
✐✥✦☞ ✤✥ ✤✧✌♠★✤✐✧❪ ✩ ☎✛✖✕✛✪✱ ✆ ☎✛✖✕✛✪✘
✞✫✬✡✦s✧✐♠✡✝❪
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ❖✗✘ ✙✗✆✕ ❛✄ ❛✕✣ ✙✗✆✕✂✄ ✕✗✁ ✢✆✕✕✁✪✣
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✞✇✤✐✠✡❪ ❍✁✂✄ ☎✁✆☎✝✝✝ ☎✁✆☎✘
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ✙✗✛✂✄ ☎✁✆☎✣ ✞☛☞☞✴✡ ✤✦ ☛☞✌☞✍❪ ✵✛ ✗✁ ❛✄✘ ✶✚ ✷✛✪☎✘ ✙✆✕✁✪✘
✩ ☎✛✖✕✛✪✘ ✞☛✐✸✦✡ ✤ ✦✟✌✹✠s✧ ✦☞ ☛☞✌☞✍✎✡ ✌☞✟✦★❪ ✺✪❛✒✻ ✕✗❛✄✘
◆✛✱ ✗✁ ☎✛✁✄✒✂✕ ☎✪❛✒✻✝ ✏✕ ✢✁✆✒✄ ✗✁✂✄ ☎✁✆☎✱ ✆✒☎ ✆✔✔ ✕✗✆✕✝
✏✂✢ ✕✗✁ ✢✛✄✕ ✜✒✗✆■■✚ ✛✼ ✢✁✒✘ ✙✗✚ ☎✛✒✂✕ ✏ ■✜✕ ✆ ✽✜✔✔✁✕
❛✒✕✛ ✢✚ ✽✪✆❛✒✣ ✙✗✚ ✗✆✑✁✒✂✕ ✏ ✖✜✕ ✢✚ ✕✗✪✛✆✕ ✚✁✕✣ ✙✗✆✕
✆✢ ✏ ✷✆❛✕❛✒✾ ✼✛✪✣ ❀❛✑✁ ✢✁ ✆ ✻✒❛✼✁✘ ❀❛✑✁ ✢✁ ✆ ■❛✄✕✛✔✘ ✞☛☞✌☞✍
✌☞✍s✡❪ ❍✁ ✄✁✁✢✄ ✕✛ ✽✁ ✖✛✢❛✒✾ ✪✛✜✒☎✝ ✺✪❛✒✻ ✄✛✢✁ ✷✆✕✁✪✘
❚✗✆✕✂✄ ✪❛✾✗✕✝
❁✲❂✲✳ ✿ ✏ ✄✁✁ ✄✕✆✪✄✝✝✝ ✢❛✄✕✝✝✝ ✷✗✁✪✁ ✆✢ ✏✣
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ❍✜✪✪✚ ✜■ ✆✒☎ ✾✁✕ ✢✆✪✪❛✁☎ ✆✒☎ ❃ ✷✁✔✔✱ ✕✛ ✕✗✁ ☎✁✑❛✔ ✷❛✕✗
✚✛✜✘ ✵✗✁✂ ✄ ✷❛✔✔ ❛✒✾✘ ✞✫s ❄✟✦✡ ☛☞✌☞✍✎✡ ★✤✥❤ ✐✥✦☞ ★✐✡
First Flight

❤✤✟❞★✦s✧✎✡❪ ✵✗✁✂✄ ✷❛✔✔❛✒✾ ✆✒☎ ✆✔✔ ✕✗✆✕✝ ✏ ✾❛✑✁ ✚✛✜ ✢✚

✽✔✁✄✄❛✒✾ ✆✒☎ ✄✛ ✛✒✝ ❖✒✔✚ ✔✁✆✑✁ ✢✁ ❛✒ ■✁✆✖✁✘
❁✲❂✲✳ ✿ ✞❞s✦✦✐✥❞ ✟❄❪ ❅✗✣ ✙✗✆✕✣ ❚✛ ✷✗✛✢✣
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ✵✗✁✂✄ ✷❛✔✔❛✒✾✘ ✙✁✔✔✣ ❡❛✄✄ ✆✒☎ ✽✁ ☎✆✢✒✁☎ ✕✛ ✚✛✜✘
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✞✇✤✐✠✡❪ ❍✁✂✄ ✆✔❛✑✁✝✝✝ ❇✁✄✱ ✚✁✄✱ ✏✂✢ ✷❛✔✔❛✒✾✝
156 ❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ❡❛✄✄ ✁✆✖✗ ✛✕✗✁✪✘
❁✲❂✲✳ ✿ ❅✗✣ ❡❛✄✄ ✷✗✛✢✣ ✞❉★s✬ ✴✐✡✡❪ ✓✁✪✚ ✒❛✖✁✱ ✕✛✛✝ ❅❊✖✜✄✁ ✢✁✱
✷✗✆✕✂✄ ❛✕ ✆✔✔ ✆✽✛✜✕✣ ❖✗✱ ✒✛✷ ✏ ✜✒☎✁✪✄✕✆✒☎ ✝✝✝ ✢✚ ✗✁✆✪✕✝✝✝
✄✕✆✪✄✝✝✝ ✏✂✢ ✗✆■■✚✝ ◆✆✕✆✔✚✆ ✵✕✁■✆✒✛✑✒✆✝✝✝ ✞❑✐✡✡s✡ ★s✧ ★✤✥❤❪
✶✚ ✼✛✛✕✂✄ ✾✛✒✁ ✕✛ ✄✔✁✁■✝
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✏✝✝✝ ✏✂✢ ✗✆■■✚ ✕✛✛✝✝✝
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ✙✗✆✕ ✆ ✷✁❛✾✗✕ ✛✼✼ ✢✚ ✄✗✛✜✔☎✁✪✄✱ ✛✜✼✘
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ●✜✕✱ ✄✕❛✔✔ ✚✛✜ ✷❛✔✔ ✆☎✢❛✕ ✒✛✷ ✕✗✆✕ ❀✜✁✄✄ ❛✄ ✷✛✪✄✁ ✕✗✆✒
✵❙✜✁✁❏✁✪✝
❁✲❂✲✳ ✿ ●✁✕✕✁✪✘
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✙✛✪✄✁✘
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ✙✁✔✔✱ ✕✗✆✕✂✄ ✆ ✷✆✚ ✕✛ ✄✕✆✪✕ ✚✛✜✪ ✼✆✢❛✔✚ ✽✔❛✄✄✘ ❍✆✑✁ ✄✛✢✁
✖✗✆✢■✆✾✒✁✘
❁✲❂✲✳ ✿ ❍✁✂✄ ✽✁✕✕✁✪✘
◆❆ ❆▲❨❆ ✿ ✙✛✪✄✁✘ ✙✛✪✄✁✘ ✙✛✪✄✁✘
❈✭✮✯✮✰✲✳ ✿ ✞✦✧✬✐✥❞ ✦☞ ✡★☞✟✦ ★s✧ ❤☞✇✥❪ ❈✗✆✢■✆✾✒✁✘ ❈✗✆✢■✆✾✒✁✘

▼❯◗❘❱❲❳
✶✳ ❲ ✁✂ ✄☎✆✝ ✞ ✟✠✟✡☎☛ ✁✂ ☞✌✍✝✂ ✝✟✝✎✆✏✂ ✂ ✁✂ ✑☎✒☎☛ ✁✝ ✏☎✒✆ ☞☎✍✓ ✔✝ ✆ ✝✌✕✏✆✍✆
✇ ✆✕ ✆ ✖✁✂✆✍ ✝✁✗✝ ✘✙✕✄ ✔✚☛✆ ✁✖✇✁✗✝ ✖☎☛✆✄ ✗☎✟✛ ✒✗ ✁✕✜✆✖✛ ✁✝ ✌☞ ✗☎✟ ✇✆✍✆ ✒✗
☎✇✕ ✝☎✕♦✓ ✢✌✕✄ ✍✆✁✝☎✕✝ ☞☎✍ ✗☎✟✍ ✁✕✝✇✆✍ ☞✍☎✒ ✂ ✆ ✎✖✁✗✳
✷✳ ✞ ✟✠✟✡☎☛ ✝✁✗✝ ☎☞ ❈✁✂✁✖✗✁✣ ✘✳✳✳ ✁✝ ✌☞ ✝ ✆ ✇☎✕✚✂ ✏☎✕✝✆✕✂✤ ✥ ✆✚✝ ✌✕ ✖☎☛✆✦
✆✜✁✄✛ ✝ ✆✚✝ ✖✌✡✆ ✁ ✖☎☛✆✝✌✏✡ ✏✁✂❡♦ ❲☎✟✖✄ ✗☎✟ ✁✜✍✆✆✓ ✢✌✕✄ ✍✆✁✝☎✕✝ ☞☎✍
✗☎✟✍ ✁✕✝✇✆✍✳
✸✳ ✭✌✮ ✢✌✕✄ ✁✖✖ ✂ ✆ ✇☎✍✄✝ ✁✕✄ ✆❋✎✍✆✝✝✌☎✕✝ ✌✕ ✂ ✆ ✎✖✁✗ ✂ ✁✂ ✂ ✆ ✏ ✁✍✁✏✂✆✍✝
✟✝✆ ✂☎ ✝✎✆✁✡ ✁✠☎✟✂ ✆✁✏ ☎✂ ✆✍✛ ✁✕✄ ✂ ✆ ✁✏✏✟✝✁✂✌☎✕✝ ✁✕✄ ✌✕✝✟✖✂✝
✂ ✆✗ ✟✍✖ ✁✂ ✆✁✏ ☎✂ ✆✍✳ ✭✢☎✍ ✆❋✁✒✎✖✆✛ ✑☎✒☎☛ ✌✕ ✂ ✆ ✆✕✄ ✏✁✖✖✝
✞ ✟✠✟✡☎☛ ✁✕ ✌✕✂✍✌✜✟✆✍✦ ✠✟✂ ✆✁✍✖✌✆✍✛ ✞ ✟✠✟✡☎☛ ✁✝ ✌✒✝✆✖☞ ✏✁✖✖✆✄
✑☎✒☎☛ ✁ ✘✒✁✖✌✏✌☎✟✝✛ ✄☎✟✠✖✆☞✁✏✆✄ ✌✕✂✍✌✜✟✆✍✳♦ ✙✜✁✌✕✛ ✑☎✒☎☛ ✠✆✜✌✕✝ ✠✗
✄✆✝✏✍✌✠✌✕✜ ❈✁✂✁✖✗✁ ✁✝ ✘✁✕ ✆❋✏✆✖✖✆✕✂ ☎✟✝✆✡✆✆✎✆✍✛ ✕☎✂ ✠✁✄✱✖☎☎✡✌✕✜✛
✇✆✖✖✱✆✄✟✏✁✂✆✄✳♦✮
✭✌✌✮ ❚ ✆✕ ✂ ✌✕✡ ☎☞ ☞✌☛✆ ✁✄✧✆✏✂✌☛✆✝ ☎✍ ✁✄✧✆✏✂✌☛✁✖ ✆❋✎✍✆✝✝✌☎✕✝ ☎☞ ✗☎✟✍ ☎✇✕ ✂☎
✄✆✝✏✍✌✠✆ ✆✁✏ ✏ ✁✍✁✏✂✆✍ ✌✕ ✂ ✆ ✎✖✁✗✳
✭✌✌✌✮ ✞✁✕ ✗☎✟ ✕☎✇ ✌✒✁✜✌✕✆ ✇ ✁✂ ✂ ✆✝✆ ✏ ✁✍✁✏✂✆✍✝ ✇✌✖✖ ★✟✁✍✍✆✖ ✁✠☎✟✂ ✕✆❋✂✓

✔✳ ✶✳ ❚ ✌✝ ✎✖✁✗ ✁✝ ✠✆✆✕ ✂✍✁✕✝✖✁✂✆✄ ✌✕✂☎ ✩✕✜✖✌✝ ☞✍☎✒ ✂ ✆ ✪✟✝✝✌✁✕ ☎✍✌✜✌✕✁✖✳

✙✍✆ ✂ ✆✍✆ ✁✕✗ ✆❋✎✍✆✝✝✌☎✕✝ ☎✍ ✇✁✗✝ ☎☞ ✝✎✆✁✡✌✕✜ ✂ ✁✂ ✝✂✍✌✡✆ ✗☎✟ ✁✝ ✒☎✍✆ 157
✪✟✝✝✌✁✕ ✂ ✁✕ ✩✕✜✖✌✝ ✓ ✢☎✍ ✆❋✁✒✎✖✆✛ ✇☎✟✖✄ ✁✕ ✁✄✟✖✂ ✒✁✕ ✠✆ ✁✄✄✍✆✝✝✆✄
✠✗ ✁✕ ☎✖✄✆✍ ✒✁✕ ✁✝ ♠✫ ✬✯✰✲✴✵✹ ☎✍ ♠✫ ✺✰✻✯✼✽✰✻ ✌✕ ✁✕ ✩✕✜✖✌✝ ✎✖✁✗✓
❘✾✿❀ ❁❂❃❄❅❆❂ ❁❂✾ ❇❉✿❊ ●✿❃✾❍❅❉❉❊■ ✿❏❀ ❍❑❏❀ ✾▲❇❃✾▼▼❑❄❏▼ ❁❂✿❁ ❊❄❅ ❁❂❑❏◆
✿❃✾ ❏❄❁ ❅▼✾❀ ❑❏ ●❄❏❁✾❛❇❄❃✿❃❊ ❖❏❆❉❑▼❂■ ✿❏❀ ●❄❏❁❃✿▼❁ ❁❂✾▼✾ P❑❁❂
❑❀❑❄❛✿❁❑● ❛❄❀✾❃❏ ❖❏❆❉❑▼❂ ✾▲❇❃✾▼▼❑❄❏▼ ❁❂✿❁ ✿❉▼❄ ❄●●❅❃ ❑❏ ❁❂✾ ❇❉✿❊✐
✷✳ ✑☎☎✡ ✟✎ ✂ ✆ ☞☎✖✖☎✇✌✕✜ ✇☎✍✄✝ ✌✕ ✁ ✄✌✏✂✌☎✕✁✍✗ ✁✕✄ ☞✌✕✄ ☎✟✂ ☎✇ ✂☎ ✎✍☎✕☎✟✕✏✆

The Proposal
✂ ✆✒✳ t✁✗ ✁✂✂✆✕✂✌☎✕ ✂☎ ☎✇ ✒✁✕✗ ✝✗✖✖✁✠✖✆✝ ✂ ✆✍✆ ✁✍✆ ✌✕ ✆✁✏ ✇☎✍✄✛ ✁✕✄
☞✌✕✄ ☎✟✂ ✇ ✌✏ ✝✗✖✖✁✠✖✆ ✌✝ ✝✂✍✆✝✝✆✄✛ ☎✍ ✝✁✌✄ ✒☎✍✆ ☞☎✍✏✆☞✟✖✖✗✳
✎✁✖✎✌✂✁✂✌☎✕✝ ✌✕✂✆✍☞✆✍✆ ✌✒✎✖☎✍✆ ✂ ☎✍☎✟✜ ✠✍✆✄
✎✆✄✌✜✍✆✆ ✎✍✌✕✏✌✎✖✆ ✆☛✌✄✆✕✏✆ ✒✌✝☞☎✍✂✟✕✆
✒✁✖✌✏✌☎✟✝ ✆✒✠✆◗◗✖✆✒✆✕✂ ✁✍✏ ✌✂✆✏✂ ✕✆✌✜ ✠☎✟✍✝
✁✏✏✟✝✂☎✒✆✄ ✂✆✒✎☎✍✁✍✗ ✠✆ ✁☛✌☎✟✍ ✄☎✏✟✒✆✕✂✝
✸✳ ✑☎☎✡ ✟✎ ✂ ✆ ☞☎✖✖☎✇✌✕✜ ✎ ✍✁✝✆✝ ✌✕ ✁ ✄✌✏✂✌☎✕✁✍✗ ✂☎ ☞✌✕✄ ☎✟✂ ✂ ✆✌✍ ✒✆✁✕✌✕✜✛
✁✕✄ ✂ ✆✕ ✟✝✆ ✆✁✏ ✌✕ ✁ ✝✆✕✂✆✕✏✆ ☎☞ ✗☎✟✍ ☎✇✕✳
✭✌✮ ❨☎✟ ✒✁✗ ✂✁✡✆ ✌✂ ✂ ✁✂
✭✌✌✮ ❙✆ ✝✆✆✒✝ ✂☎ ✠✆ ✏☎✒✌✕✜ ✍☎✟✕✄
✭✌✌✌✮ ❯✗ ☞☎☎✂✚✝ ✜☎✕✆ ✂☎ ✝✖✆✆✎
 ■■ ❘✁✂✄☎✆✁✝ ✞✂✁✁✟✠

❆ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛ ✎☞ ✏☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ ✡✑☛☛✍✔ ✍✒☞✡✎✡✌✡ ✒✕ ✌✖✒ ✑✗✏✌✡✘ ✗ r✙✚✛r✜✢✣✤ ✥✦✧★✩✙✱

✖✔✎✍✔ ✍✒☞✌✗✎☞✡ ✌✔☛ r✙✚✛r✜✢✣✤ ✪✙r✫✱ ✗☞✓ ✌✔☛ r✙✚✛r✜✙✬ ✥✦✧★✩✙ ✳✒✒✭ ✗✌ ✌✔☛
✕✒❢❢✒✖✎☞✮ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛✡

✯ ✗✰ ➇■ ✖☛☞✌ ✌✒ ✲✎✡✎✌ ✴✵ ✮✏✗☞✓✴✗ ❢✗✡✌ ✖☛☛✭✱✶ ✡✗✎✓ ✷✗✴✌✗

✯❜✰ ✷✗✴✌✗ ✡✗✎✓ ✌✔✗✌ ✡✔☛ ✔✗✓ ✮✒☞☛ ✌✒ ✲✎✡✎✌ ✔☛✏ ✮✏✗☞✓✴✗ ✌✔☛ ✑✏☛✲✎✒▼✡ ✖☛☛✭

■☞ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛ ✯✗✰✱ ✖☛ ✔✗✲☛ ✷✗✴✌✗✸✡ ☛✹✗✍✌ ✖✒✏✓✡ ✺✔✎✡ ✎✡ ✗☞ ☛✹✗✴✑❢☛ ✒✕ ✬✢r✙✥✜

✩✚✙✙✥s✻ ■☞ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛ ✯❜✰✱ ✡✒✴☛✒☞☛ ✎✡ ✏☛✑✒✏✌✎☞✮ ✖✔✗✌ ✷✗✴✌✗ ✡✗✎✓ ✺✔✎✡ ✎✡
✍✗❢❢☛✓ ✢✣✬✢r✙✥✜ ✩✚✙✙✥s ✒✏ r✙✚✛r✜✙✬ ✩✚✙✙✥s ❆ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛ ✎☞ ✏☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ ✡✑☛☛✍✔
✎✡ ✴✗✓☛ ▼✑ ✒✕ ✌✖✒ ✑✗✏✌✡ ✐ ✗ r✙✚✛r✜✢✣✤ ✥✦✧★✩✙ ✗☞✓ ✗ r✙✚✛r✜✙✬ ✥✦✧★✩✙

■☞ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛ ✯❜✰✱ ✼✽✾✿✽ ❀✽❁❂ ✎✡ ✌✔☛ r✙✚✛r✜✢✣✤ ✥✦✧★✩✙ ✍✒☞✌✗✎☞✎☞✮ ✌✔☛ r✙✚✛r✜✢✣✤
✪✙r✫ ❀✽❁❂ ✺✔☛ ✒✌✔☛✏ ✍❢✗▼✡☛ ✐ ✿t✽✿ ❀t❃ t✽❂ ❄❅❇❃ ✿❅ ❈❁❀❁✿ t❃❉ ❄❉✽❇❂✾✽ ❊✽❀✿
✇❃❃❋ ✐ ✎✡ ✌✔☛ r✙✚✛r✜✙✬ ✥✦✧★✩✙

◆✒✌✎✍☛ ✌✔✗✌ ✎☞ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛ ✯❜✰ ✖☛ ✑▼✌ ✌✔☛ ✏☛✑✒✏✌✎☞✮ ✍❢✗▼✡☛ ✕✎✏✡✌ ✺✔✎✡ ✎✡ ✓✒☞☛ ✌✒
✡✔✒✖ ✌✔✗✌ ✖☛ ✗✏☛ ☞✒✌ ✡✑☛✗✭✎☞✮ ✓✎✏☛✍✌❢✵✱ ❜▼✌ ✏☛✑✒✏✌✎☞✮ ✡✒✴☛✒☞☛ ☛❢✡☛✸✡ ✖✒✏✓✡
✺✔☛ ✌☛☞✡☛ ✒✕ ✌✔☛ ✲☛✏❜ ✗❢✡✒ ✍✔✗☞✮☛✡❚ ✑✗✡✌ ✌☛☞✡☛ ✯✇❃❇✿✰ ❜☛✍✒✴☛✡ ✑✗✡✌ ✑☛✏✕☛✍✌
✯t✽❂ ❄❅❇❃✰

❍☛✏☛ ✗✏☛ ✡✒✴☛ ✑✗✎✏✡ ✒✕ ✡☛☞✌☛☞✍☛✡ ✎☞ ✓✎✏☛✍✌ ✗☞✓ ✏☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ ✡✑☛☛✍✔ ●☛✗✓ ✌✔☛✴
First Flight

✍✗✏☛✕▼❢❢✵✱ ✗☞✓ ✓✒ ✌✔☛ ✌✗✡✭ ✌✔✗✌ ✕✒❢❢✒✖✡✘

❏ ✯✎✰ ✳❖❑❖▲ ✘ ❍✒☞✒▼✏☛✓ P✌☛✑✗☞ P✌☛✑✗☞✒✲✎✌✍✔✱ ✓✒ ✵✒▼ ✌✔✎☞✭ ■ ✴✗✵ ✍✒▼☞✌

✒☞ ✔☛✏ ✍✒☞✡☛☞✌♦ ✯◗✎✏☛✍✌ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

✯✎✎✰ ✳✒✴✒✲ ✗✡✭☛✓ P✌☛✑✗☞ P✌☛✑✗☞✒✲✎✌✍✔ ✏☛✡✑☛✍✌✕▼❢❢✵ ✎✕ ✔☛ ✌✔✒▼✮✔✌ ✔☛ ✴✎✮✔✌

✍✒▼☞✌ ✒☞ ✔☛✏ ✍✒☞✡☛☞✌ ✯●☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

158 ❙ ✯✎✰ ✳❖❑❖▲ ✘ ■✸✴ ✮☛✌✌✎☞✮ ✗ ☞✒✎✡☛ ✎☞ ✴✵ ☛✗✏✡ ✕✏✒✴ ☛✹✍✎✌☛✴☛☞✌ ✯◗✎✏☛✍✌
P✑☛☛✍ ✔✰

✯✎✎✰ ✳✒✴✒✲ ✡✗✎✓ ✌✔✗✌ ✔☛ ✖✗✡ ✮☛✌✌✎☞✮ ✗ ☞✒✎✡☛ ✎☞ ✔✎✡ ☛✗✏✡ ✕✏✒✴ ☛✹✍✎✌☛✴☛☞✌
✯●☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

❯ ✯✎✰ ◆❱❲❱❳❨❱ ✘ ❩✔✵ ✔✗✲☛☞✸✌ ✵✒▼ ❜☛☛☞ ✔☛✏☛ ✕✒✏ ✡▼✍✔ ✗ ❢✒☞✮ ✌✎✴☛♦ ✯◗✎✏☛✍✌
P✑☛☛✍ ✔✰

✯✎✎✰ ◆✗✌✗❢✵✗ P✌☛✑✗☞✒✲☞✗ ✗✡✭☛✓ ✖✔✵ ✔☛ ✔✗✓☞✸✌ ❜☛☛☞ ✌✔☛✏☛ ✕✒✏ ✡▼✍✔ ✗ ❢✒☞✮
✌✎✴☛ ✯●☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

❬ ✯✎✰ ❭❪❫❴❫❵❖▲ ✘ ❩✔✗✌✸✡ ✌✔☛ ✴✗✌✌☛✏♦ ✯◗✎✏☛✍✌ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

✯✎✎✰ ❭✔▼❜▼✭✒✲ ✗✡✭☛✓ ✔✎✴ ✖✔✗✌ ✌✔☛ ✴✗✌✌☛✏ ✖✗✡ ✯●☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

❛ ✯✎✰ ◆❱❲❱❳❨❱ ✘ ✷✵ ✴✒✖☛✏✡ ✖✎❢❢ ❜☛ ✌✔☛✏☛ ✌✔✎✡ ✲☛✏✵ ✓✗✵❝ ✯◗✎✏☛✍✌ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

✯✎✎✰ ◆✗✌✗❢✵✗ P✌☛✑✗☞✒✲☞✗ ✓☛✍❢✗✏☛✓ ✌✔✗✌ ✔☛✏ ✴✒✖☛✏✡ ✖✒▼❢✓ ❜☛ ✌✔☛✏☛ ✌✔✗✌
✲☛✏✵ ✓✗✵ ✯●☛✑✒✏✌☛✓ P✑☛☛✍✔✰

❞✄❡ ❣❡❤✆ ✠❥❦✁ ❧✄✆♠✟✁✝ ✆✠❥✆ ♥✠✁❧ ♥✁ ☎✁✂✄☎✆ ❤✄❣✁✄❧✁♣❤ ✁q❥✟✆ ♥✄☎✝❤✉ ♥✁
✠❥❦✁ ✆✄ ❣❥✈✁ ❤✄❣✁ ✟✠❥❧①✁❤ ♠❧ ✆✠✁ ❤✁❧✆✁❧✟✁ ❤✆☎❡✟✆❡☎✁✻ ②❧ ✆✠✁ ③✄④④✄♥♠❧①
❤✁❧✆✁❧✟✁❤ ③♠④④ ♠❧ ✆✠✁ ⑤④❥❧✈❤ ✆✄ ④♠❤✆ ✆✠✁ ✟✠❥❧①✁❤ ✆✠❥✆ ✠❥❦✁ ✄✟✟❡☎☎✁✝ ♠❧
✆✠✁ ❥⑤✄❦✁ ✂❥♠☎❤ ✄③ ❤✁❧✆✁❧✟✁❤✻ ⑥❧✁ ✠❥❤ ⑤✁✁❧ ✝✄❧✁ ③✄☎ ⑦✄❡✻
 ✶✳ ❚ ✁✂✄ ✁☎ ✆ ✝✞✂✟☎✠ ✡☛ ☞✂ ✞✟✂ ☎✌✂ ✁✂✄ ✁☎✠✡✍ ✎✂✁✏ ✆✟❳✂✔ ✥✆✟ ✠✡
❙✂✡☎✂✡✑✂ ❙✂☎ ✶✒✳
✷✳ ❚ ✁✂✄ ✁☎ ✆ ✟☎✆☎✂✓✂✡☎☛ ☞✂ ✞✟✂ ☎✌✂ ✁✂✄ ✁☎✠✡✍ ✎✂✁✏ ✳
✸✳ ❚✌✂ ✆✔✎✂✁✏ ✕ ✄✖✆✑✂ ❤✗✘✗ ✑✌✆✡✍✂✟ ☎ ✳
✹✳ ❲✌✂✡ ☎✌✂ ✎✂✁✏ ✠✡ ✔✠✁✂✑☎ ✟✄✂✂✑✌ ✠✟ ✠✡ ☎✌✂ ✄✁✂✟✂✡☎ ☎✂✡✟✂☛ ☎✌✂ ✎✂✁✏ ✠✡ ✁✂✄ ✁☎✂✔
✟✄✂✂✑✌ ✠✟ ✠✡ ☎✌✂ ☎✂✡✟✂ ✥✆✟ ✠✡ ❙✂✡☎✂✡✑✂ ❙✂☎ ✸✒✳
✺✳ ■✕ ☎✌✂ ✎✂✁✏ ✠✡ ✔✠✁✂✑☎ ✟✄✂✂✑✌ ✠✟ ✠✡ ☎✌✂ ✄✁✂✟✂✡☎ ✑ ✡☎✠✡✞ ✞✟ ☎✂✡✟✂☛ ☎✌✂ ✎✂✁✏
✠✡ ✁✂✄ ✁☎✂✔ ✟✄✂✂✑✌ ✑✌✆✡✍✂✟ ☎ ☎✂✡✟✂✳ ✙ ✁ ✂✚✆✓✄✖✂☛
✑✌✆✡✍✂✟ ☎ ✇✛✜ ✢✗✣✣✤✦✢✳
✻✳ ❲✌✂✡ ☎✌✂ ✟✂✡☎✂✡✑✂ ✠✡ ✔✠✁✂✑☎ ✟✄✂✂✑✌ ✑ ✡☎✆✠✡✟ ✆ ☞ ✁✔ ✔✂✡ ☎✠✡✍ ✁✂✟✄✂✑☎☛ ☞✂
✆✔✔ ☎✌✂ ✆✔✎✂✁✏ ✠✡ ☎✌✂ ✁✂✄ ✁☎✠✡✍ ✑✖✆✞✟✂ ✥✆✟ ✠✡ ❙✂✡☎✂✡✑✂ ❙✂☎ ✶✒✳
✼✳ ❚✌✂ ✄✁ ✡ ✞✡✟ ✧☛ ♠✗☛ ♦★✘ ✆✡✔ ♠✤✦✗☛ ☞✌✠✑✌ ✆✁✂ ✞✟✂✔ ✠✡ ☎✌✂ ✕✠✁✟☎ ✄✂✁✟ ✡ ✠✡
✔✠✁✂✑☎ ✟✄✂✂✑✌☛ ✑✌✆✡✍✂ ✆✑✑ ✁✔✠✡✍ ☎ ☎✌✂ ✟✞✏❞✂✑☎ ✁ ✏❞✂✑☎ ✕ ☎✌✂ ✁✂✄ ✁☎✠✡✍
✎✂✁✏ ✟✞✑✌ ✆✟ ☛ ☛ ✁ ✠✡
✁✂✄ ✁☎✂✔ ✟✄✂✂✑✌✳

■■■✳ ❍✩✪✩ ❡✫ ✬✭ ✩✮✯✩✪✰✱ ✲✪✴✵ ✬✭ ✬✪✱❡✯✽✩ ✲✪✴✵ ✱✾✩ ✿✐❀❁❂ ❃❄ ❅❆❇✐❈ ❉✬✱✩❉
❊❋ ●❏❑❏✫✱ ❊▲▲▼◆ ❖✩P✪❡✱✩ ❡✱◗ ✯✾✬✭❑❡✭❑ ✱✾✩ ✫✩✭✱✩✭✯✩✫ ❡✭ ❉❡✪✩✯✱ ✫✰✩✩✯✾
❡✭✱✴ ✪✩✰✴✪✱✩❉ ✫✰✩✩✯✾◆ ❘✩✬❯✩ ✱✾✩ ✴✱✾✩✪ ✫✩✭✱✩✭✯✩✫ ❏✭✯✾✬✭❑✩❉◆
➇❲✌❱ ✔ ❱ ✞ ☞✆✡☎ ☎ ❳✡ ☞ ✓❱ ✆✍✂❨ ■✕ ✄✂ ✄✖✂ ❳✡ ☞ ■ ✆✓ ✟ ✖✔☛ ■ ☞ ✡❩☎ ✍✂☎
☞ ✁❳❬❭ ✖✆✞✍✌✟ ❪❫❴❱✂✆✁❴ ✖✔ ❵✳ ❛✳ ❜✆✡✍✆✖☛ ✡✂ ✕ ❜✠✡✔✠ ✑✠✡✂✓✆❩✟ ✓ ✟☎ ✕✆✓ ✞✟
✑✌✆✁✆✑☎✂✁ ✆✑☎ ✁✟✳ ✙ ✁ ✌✠✟ ✆✍✂☛ ✌✂ ✠✟ ✁✆☎✌✂✁ ✂✡✂✁✍✂☎✠✑✳ ➇❲✌✆☎❩✟ ☎✌✂ ✟✂✑✁✂☎❨❭ 159
☞✂ ✆✟❳✳ ➇❝❱ ✠✡☎✆❳✂ ✕ ✂✎✂✁❱☎✌✠✡✍ ✠✟ ✠✡ ✟✓✆✖✖ ✝✞✆✡☎✠☎✠✂✟✳ ❵✡✔ ■ ☞✆✖❳ ✆ ✖ ☎☛❭
✌✂ ✁✂✄✖✠✂✟✳ ➇■ ❞ ✠✡✂✔ ☎✌✂ ✠✡✔✞✟☎✁❱ ☞✌✂✡ ✄✂ ✄✖✂ ✁✂☎✠✁✂✳ ■ ☞✆✟ ✠✡ ✓❱ ✹❫✟✳ ❙
■ ✔ ✡❩☎ ✓✠✟✟ ✏✂✠✡✍ ✑✆✖✖✂✔ ✆ ✟☎✆✁✳ ■ ✆✓ ✟☎✠✖✖ ✁✂✟✄✂✑☎✂✔ ✆✡✔ ✍✠✎✂✡ ☞ ✁❳☛
☞✌✂✡ ✆✑☎ ✁✟ ✕ ✓❱ ✆✍✂ ✆✁✂ ✖✠✎✠✡✍ ✠✡ ✄ ✎✂✁☎❱ ✆✡✔ ☞✠☎✌ ✞☎ ☞ ✁❳✳ ■ ✔ ✡❩☎
✌✆✎✂ ✆✡❱ ✑ ✓✄✖✆✠✡☎✟☛❭ ✌✂ ✟✆❱✟☛ ✆✔✔✠✡✍☛ ➇✏✞☎ ❱✂✟☛ ■ ✌✆✎✂ ✆✖☞✆❱✟ ✏✂✂✡
✞✡✔✂✁✄✆✠✔✳❭ ✉✂✑✠✄✠✂✡☎ ✕ ☎✌✂ ❢✆✔✓✆ ❣✌✞✟✌✆✡☛ ❜✆✡✍✆✖ ✡✂✎✂✁ ✌✆✡❳✂✁✂✔
✆✕☎✂✁ ✓ ✡✂❱ ✁ ✓✆☎✂✁✠✆✖✠✟☎✠✑ ✍✆✠✡✟✳ ➇❥ ✔ ✞✏☎ ■ ✆✓ ✑ ✡☎✂✡☎ ☎ ✔✆❱☛ ✏✞☎
✓ ✡✂❱ ✠✟ ✠✓✄ ✁☎✆✡☎✳ ■ ☞✆✟ ✆ ✕ ✖ ✡ ☎ ☎ ✞✡✔✂✁✟☎✆✡✔ ☎✌✂ ✎✆✖✞✂ ✕ ✓ ✡✂❱

The Proposal
✂✆✁✖✠✂✁☛❭ ✌✂ ✁✂✍✁✂☎✟✳

✶✳ ❦✦✢✗✘ ❧✛✦✛✢✗♠✗✦✣♥ ❵✟ ✆✔✞✖☎✟☛ ✡✂ ✠✓✄ ✁☎✆✡☎ ☎✌✠✡✍ ☎ ✖✂✆✁✡ ✠✟ ✌ ☞ ☎ ✓✆✡✆✍✂

✞✁ ☎✂✓✄✂✁✳ ❙ ✓✂ ✕ ✞✟ ☎✂✡✔ ☎ ✍✂☎ ✆✡✍✁❱ ✝✞✠✑❳✖❱☛ ☞✌✠✖✂ ☎✌✂✁✟ ✁✂✓✆✠✡ ✑✆✖✓✳
♣✆✡ ❱ ✞ ☎✌✠✡❳ ✕ ☎✌✁✂✂ ✠✖✖ ✂✕✕✂✑☎✟ ☎✌✆☎ ✁✂✟✞✖☎ ✕✁ ✓ ✆✡✍✂✁❨ ❥ ☎✂ ☎✌✂✓ ✔ ☞✡✳
❙✞✍✍✂✟☎ ☞✆❱✟ ☎ ✆✎ ✠✔ ✖ ✟✠✡✍ ❱ ✞✁ ☎✂✓✄✂✁ ✠✡ ✟✞✑✌ ✟✠☎✞✆☎✠ ✡✟✳ ❵✁✂ ☎✌✂✁✂ ✆✡❱
✏✂✡✂✕✠☎✟ ✕✁ ✓ ✆✡✍✂✁❨
✷✳ ■✡ ✄✆✠✁✟☛ ✄✁✂✄✆✁✂ ✆ ✟✑✁✠✄☎ ✏✆✟✂✔ ✡ ☎✌✂ ✍✠✎✂✡ ✂✚✑✂✁✄☎ ✕✁ ✓ q❤✗ r♦♠✗ ✛✦s ✣❤✗
t♦✘✈s ✏❱ ✉✆✏✠✡✔✁✆✡✆☎✌ ❚✆✍ ✁✂✳ ① ✞ ✓✆❱ ☞✁✠☎✂ ✕✠✎✂ ✂✚✑✌✆✡✍✂✟ ✏✂☎☞✂✂✡ ☎✌✂
✑✌✆✁✆✑☎✂✁✟ ☞✠☎✌ ☎✌✂✁ ✔✠✁✂✑☎✠ ✡✟ ✟✞✑✌ ✆✟ ✓ ✎✂✓✂✡☎✟ ✡ ✟☎✆✍✂ ✆✡✔ ☞✆❱ ✕
✟✄✂✆❳✠✡✍☛ ✂☎✑✳
 ❖ ✁ ✂✄☎✁✆ ✝✝ ✞ ✟✠✁ ✡ ✠✂☛☛✁ ✁☞ ☎✝ ✌✁ ✍☛✁✎✏✂✑✑✒ ✌✓✍✒✞ ✟✝✆☞ ✎✂✔✁ ☎✝
✔✒ ✝✄✄✏✎✁ ✆✝✝✔ ☎✠✂☎ ♠✏✔✂✑✂ ✠✂☞ ✍✁ ☎ ✄✝✆ ✔✁✕ ✡ ✟✂✍ ✍☎✂✆☎✑✁☞✕
➇✖✠✝ ☞✏☞ ✒✝✓ ✍✂✒ ✠✂☞ ✍✁ ☎ ✄✝✆ ✔✁✗✘ ✡ ✂✍✙✁☞ ☎✠✁ ✔✁✍✍✁ ✚✁✆✕
➇✛✠✁ ❘✜✢✣ ✥✝☎✠✁✆✘✕
➇✛✠✁ ❇✜✤✜ ❘✜✢✣✗✘
➇✦✝✞ ✍✏✆✞ ☎✠✁ ❈✧★✩✜ ❘✜✢✣ ✥✝☎✠✁✆✕✘
✛✠✁ ❈✧★✩✜ ❘✜✢✣✪ ✡☎ ✍✁✁✔✁☞ ✂ ✎✁ ☎✓✆✒ ✍✏ ✎✁ ✡ ✠✂☞ ✌✁✁ ✍✁ ☎ ✄✝✆ ✌✒ ✠✁✆✕
✡ ✙✁☛☎ ☎✠✁✔ ✂✑✑ ✟✂✏☎✏ ✚ ☎✠✁✆✁✞ ✂ ☞ ✟✁ ☎ ✝✄✄ ✏ ☎✝ ☎✠✁ ✏ ✁✆ ✂☛✂✆☎✔✁ ☎✍✕
✖✠✁ ✡ ✍☎✁☛☛✁☞ ✏ ☎✝ ✝✓✆ ✆✝✝✔ ✡ ✠✂☞ ✂ ✝☎✠✁✆ ✍✠✝✎✙ ✝✄ ✍✓✆☛✆✏✍✁ ☎✝ ✄✏ ☞
♠✏✔✂✑✂ ☎✠✁✆✁ ✟✏☎✠ ✂ ☞✏✍☎✏ ✎☎ ✍✓✚✚✁✍☎✏✝ ✝✄ ✌✁✏ ✚ ☞✆✁✍✍✁☞ ✓☛✕ ✛✠✁ ✆✝✝✔✞
✟✠✏✎✠ ✄✆✝✔ ☛✁✆✍✏✍☎✁ ☎ ✁✚✑✁✎☎✞ ✠✂☞ ✑✂☎☎✁✆✑✒ ✂✎✇✓✏✆✁☞ ✂ ✂✏✆ ✝✄ ✠✂✫✏ ✚
✚✆✝✟ ✂✌✍✁ ☎❣✔✏ ☞✁☞✞ ✠✂☞ ✆✁✚✂✏ ✁☞ ✍✝✔✁☎✠✏ ✚ ✝✄ ✏☎✍ ✝✑☞ ✝✆☞✁✆ ☎✠✏✍
✂✄☎✁✆ ✝✝ ✕ ✡ ✍☎✝✝☞ ☎✠✁✆✁ ✍✏✑✁ ☎✑✒✞ ✑✝✝✙✏ ✚ ✁ ✇✓✏✆✏ ✚✑✒ ✂☎ ♠✏✔✂✑✂✕
❙✠✁ ✄✑✓✍✠✁☞ ✂ ✑✏☎☎✑✁ ✂ ☞ ☎✠✁ ✄✏ ✚✁✆✍ ✝✄ ✠✁✆ ✆✏✚✠☎ ✠✂ ☞ ☎✝✒✁☞ ✄✝✆ ✂ ☎✏✔✁
✟✏☎✠ ☎✠✁ ✌✂ ✚✑✁✍ ✝ ✠✁✆ ✑✁✄☎ ✂✆✔✕ ✛✠✁ ✍✠✁ ✂✌✆✓☛☎✑✒ ✌✆✝✙✁ ☎✠✁ ✍✏✑✁ ✎✁✕
➇✬✝✝✙ ✠✁✆✁✪ ✡✍ ✏☎ ✆✏✚✠☎ ☎✠✂☎ ✝✓✆✍ ✍✠✝✓✑☞ ✌✁ ☎✠✁ ✝ ✑✒ ✔✂✆✙✁☎ ✏ ✂✑✑ ♠✁ ✚✂✑
✟✠✏✎✠ ✂✑✑✝✟✍ ✄✝✆✁✏✚ ✚✝✝☞✍✗✘
➇✖✠✂☎✞ ☎✠✁ ✞ ✟✝✓✑☞ ✌✁ ☎✠✁ ✆✏✚✠☎ ☎✠✏ ✚ ☎✝ ☞✝✗✘ ✡ ✂✍✙✁☞✕
➇❖✆☞✁✆ ☎✠✁✔ ☎✝ ✌✁ ✎✑✁✂✆✁☞ ✝✓☎✪✘
➇♠✓☎ ☎✠✁ ✚✝✝☞✍ ✂✆✁ ✝☎ ✔✏ ✁✕✘
First Flight

➇✡✍ ✝☎ ☎✠✁ ✔✂✆✙✁☎ ✒✝✓✆✍✗✘

➇✡☎ ✏✍ ✔✓✎✠ ✔✝✆✁ ☎✠✁✏✆✍ ✟✠✝ ✓✍✁ ✏☎ ✄✝✆ ☎✆✂☞✁✕✘
➇✬✁☎ ☎✠✁✔ ☎✆✂☞✁ ✏ ✡ ☞✏✂ ✚✝✝☞✍✞ ☎✠✁ ✕✘
➇✦✝☎✠✏ ✚ ✟✝✓✑☞ ☛✑✁✂✍✁ ✔✁ ✌✁☎☎✁✆✕ ♠✓☎ ✍✓☛☛✝✍✁ ☎✠✁✒ ☞✝ ✝☎✗✘
➇✦✝ ✍✁ ✍✁✪ ✭✝✟ ☞✂✆✁ ☎✠✁✒ ✌✁ ✍✝ ✏ ✍✝✑✁ ☎✗ ✮✆✁ ✒✝✓ ✝☎✯✘
➇✡ ✂✔ ✫✁✆✒ ✌✓✍✒ ☎✠✏✍ ✂✄☎✁✆ ✝✝ ✂ ☞ ✎✂ ✝☎ ✍☎✝☛ ☎✝ ✂✆✚✓✁ ✏☎ ✝✓☎✕ ♠✓☎ ✡
160 ✔✓✍☎ ✆✁✄✓✍✁ ☎✝ ☎✒✆✂ ✏✍✁✕✘
➇✡☎ ✟✝✓✑☞ ✝☎ ✌✁ ☎✒✆✂ ✒ ✄✝✆ ✍✁✑✄✏✍✠ ✚✂✏ ✞ ✌✓☎ ✄✝✆ ☎✠✁ ✍✂✙✁ ✝✄ ☎✠✁
✎✝✓ ☎✆✒✕✘
➇✛✝ ☎✒✆✂ ✏✍✁ ✄✝✆ ☎✠✁ ✎✝✓ ☎✆✒ ✏✍ ☎✝ ☎✒✆✂ ✏✍✁ ✝✫✁✆ ☎✠✁ ✎✝✓ ☎✆✒✕ ♠✓☎
☎✠✂☎ ✡ ✂✔ ✂✄✆✂✏☞ ✒✝✓ ✟✏✑✑ ✁✫✁✆ ✓ ☞✁✆✍☎✂ ☞✕✘ ✖✏☎✠ ☎✠✏✍ ✡ ✎✂✔✁ ✂✟✂✒✕
✸✕ ✡ ✚✆✝✓☛✍✞ ☞✏✍✎✓✍✍ ☎✠✁ ✇✓✂✑✏☎✏✁✍ ✝ ✁ ✍✠✝✓✑☞ ✑✝✝✙ ✄✝✆ ✏ ✂ ✔✂✆✆✏✂✚✁ ☛✂✆☎ ✁✆✕
❨✝✓ ✔✏✚✠☎ ✎✝ ✍✏☞✁✆ ☎✠✁ ✄✝✑✑✝✟✏ ✚ ☛✝✏ ☎✍✕
⑩ P✰✤✱★✢✜✲ ✳✴✜✲✣✩✣✰✱
➊ ✮☛☛✁✂✆✂ ✎✁ ✝✆ ✑✝✝✙✍
➊ ✮☎☎✏☎✓☞✁✍ ✂ ☞ ✌✁✑✏✁✄✍
➊ ❙✁ ✍✁ ✝✄ ✠✓✔✝✓✆
⑩ ❱✜✲✴✰ ✱❛✱✩✰✵
➊ ✶✝✔☛✂✍✍✏✝ ✂ ☞ ✙✏ ☞ ✁✍✍
➊ ✛✝✑✁✆✂ ✎✁✞ ✂✔✌✏☎✏✝
➊ ✮☎☎✏☎✓☞✁ ☎✝ ✔✝ ✁✒ ✂ ☞ ✟✁✂✑☎✠
⑩ ❊✷✴✹✜✩✣★✢ ✜✢✷ ✺✤★✻✰✱✱✣★✢✜✲ ✼✜✹✽✾✤★✴✢✷
✿✕ ✮✆✁ ☎✠✁✆✁ ☛✂✆☎✍ ✝✄ ☎✠✁ ☛✑✂✒ ☎✠✂☎ ✆✁✔✏ ☞ ✒✝✓ ✝✄ ✄✏✑✔ ✍✎✁ ✁✍ ✄✆✝✔ ✆✝✔✂ ☎✏✎
✎✝✔✁☞✏✁✍✗ ❝✏✍✎✓✍✍ ☎✠✏✍ ✏ ✚✆✝✓☛✍✞ ✂ ☞ ✆✁✎✝✓ ☎ ☎✝ ☎✠✁ ✆✁✍☎ ✝✄ ☎✠✁ ✎✑✂✍✍
✁☛✏✍✝☞✁✍ ✍✏✔✏✑✂✆ ☎✝ ☎✠✝✍✁ ✏ ☎✠✁ ☛✑✂✒✕
WHAT WE HAVE DONE
Given you a play by the famous Russian writer, Anton Chekhov.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Dictate the biogrophical information given below. Students should then guess the
name of the playwright.
(1564 – 1616). He was born at Stratford-on-Avon in April 1564. His
father was an important public figure in Stratford. People believe that he received a
decent grammar-school education in literature, logic, and Latin (mathematics and
natural science did not form part of the curriculum). When he was eighteen, he married
Anne Hathaway, who was eight years his senior. He seems to have prospered in the
London theatre world. He probably began his career as an actor in London, and he
earned enough as author to acquire landed property.
When he was forty-seven, he retired to a large house in Stratford. He died in
1616, leaving behind a body of work that still stands as a pinnacle in world literature.

161

Homophones

The Proposal
Can you find the words below that are spelt
similarly, and sometimes even pronounced
similarly, but have very different meanings? Check
their pronunciation and meaning in a dictionary.
• They were too close to the door to close it.
• Since there is no time like the present, she
thought it was time to present the present.
◆ ✁✂✄