Late Edition
Today, sunny to partly cloudy,
VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,585
HAMAS TEMPERS
EXTREME STANCES
IN BID FOR POWER
BATTLE FOR CREDIBILITY
Presenting a Moderate
Face to Gain Ground
Against Fatah
By IAN FISHER
JERUSALEM — Hamas, the
militant group built around vio-
lent resistance to Israel, sought on
Monday to present a more moder-
ate public face, taking its next shot
in an intensifying struggle for
leadership of the Palestinian
cause and international recogni-
tion.
Released by Hamas just days
before its chief rival, the Palestin-
ian Authority leader Mahmoud
Abbas, was to meet President
Trump, a new document of princi-
ples for the group calls for closer
ties to Egypt, waters down the
anti-Semitic language from its
charter, and accepts at least a pro-
visional Palestinian state —
though it still does not formally
recognize Israel.
With its statement, Hamas is
trying to offer a more main-
stream-friendly version of its vi-
sion for the Palestinian cause, and
to gain ground against Mr. Abbas,
whose influence is growing more
tenuous.
Mr. Abbas is 82 years old, and
his rivals within
his own Fatah
movement are
increasingly
open about the
struggle to suc-
ceed him. Seek-
ing to regain
the initiative,
he has recently
waged a crack-
Abbas down on Ha-
mas, cutting sa-
laries due to them from the Pales-
tinian Authority and refusing to
pay for electricity in the militant
group’s power base in Gaza.
The split between the two
groups — Fatah in the West Bank,
Hamas in Gaza — has stood as one
of the major obstacles in the peace
process with Israel: Who, the Is-
raelis ask, is their partner if the
Palestinians are so deeply divid-
ed? That division has also been
convenient for, and encouraged
by, those on the Israeli right who
do not want a peace deal.
But the Hamas document,
which has been leaking for weeks,
is less a change in Hamas’s funda-
mental beliefs than a challenge for
the credibility of Palestinians in
both Gaza and the West Bank, as
well as internationally.
Continued on Page A9
Fox News, Pledging New Culture,
Ousts Another Symbol of Old One
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM and EMILY STEEL
Fox News forced out one of its
most senior executives on Mon-
day, the latest aftershock of a sex-
ual harassment scandal that has
engulfed the television network
and pressured its owners, the
Murdoch family, into a painful and
protracted public housecleaning.
The exit of Bill Shine — a co-
president at the network and a
close ally of Roger E. Ailes, its for-
mer chairman — came nearly 10
months after Mr. Ailes was re-
moved in the wake of numerous
harassment allegations. Mr.
Shine’s departure could portend
Local TV Mergers in Works
Media companies are looking to
consolidate after the F.C.C. re-
laxed its rules on how many sta-
tions they can own. Page B1.
NATIONAL A11-22
Rough Greeting at Borders
Travelers complain of severe treatment.
Fadwar Alaoui, a Canadian, was turned
away when she came to shop. PAGE A11
Worries Over a TV Suicide
Health experts take issue with how
suicide is treated in Netflix’s popular
show “13 Reasons Why.” PAGE A12
© 2017 The New York Times Company
A Clash of Protesters and Politics
Police officers in Paris at a May Day rally, one of several in France, where unions are divided over the presidential election. Page A6.
Australia Feels WHITE HOUSE MEMO
Its Ties to U.S. This President Doesn’t Go by the (History) Book
Put It in a Bind
Remarks on Civil War better sense of the nation’s his-
By DAMIEN CAVE
DARWIN, Australia — South
Korea, Japan and the United
States have grown accustomed to
North Korea’s diatribes, but
Pyongyang recently threatened a
new target with a nuclear strike:
Australia.
During a visit by Vice President
Mike Pence to Sydney, the North
warned Australia to think twice
about “blindly and zealously toe-
ing the U.S. line” and acting as “a
shock brigade of the U.S. master.”
Australian and American
troops have fought side by side in
every major conflict since World
War I, and there are few militaries
in the world with closer relations:
1,250 United States Marines re-
cently arrived in Darwin for six
months of joint exercises; the two
countries share intelligence from
land, sea and even outer space;
and Prime Minister Malcolm
Turnbull is slated to meet Presi-
dent Trump on Thursday on an
aircraft carrier in New York.
But North Korea’s threat
against the country, far-fetched as
it might seem, is an example of
how Australia’s most important
Continued on Page A8
big changes as the Murdochs
move to retool a lucrative channel
that has threatened to become an
obstacle to their global business
ambitions.
Mr. Shine’s exit did little to quell
a newsroom in tumult, however.
Even as Mr. Shine was removed,
another veteran executive with
deep ties to Mr. Ailes, Suzanne
Scott, was promoted. Ms. Scott,
who is now the president of pro-
gramming, has been cited in law-
suits against the network as a fig-
ure who enabled and concealed
Mr. Ailes’s behavior.
Mr. Shine had been viewed by
some employees as a symbol of
Mr. Ailes’s tainted tenure amid a
public pledge by the network’s
corporate parent, 21st Century
Fox, to reform its office culture.
He was accused in several law-
Continued on Page A12
INTERNATIONAL A4-10
Nerve Gas Attacks in Syria
A chemical attack in Syria in April was
one in a series, witnesses and investiga-
tors say, with at least 64 people dead in
two attacks in December.
Arrests in Russia Protest
The Russian police detained about 20
gay rights protesters rallying against
abuses in Chechnya.
NEW YORK A23-25
Welcoming a Ferry Service
Mayor Bill de Blasio greeted some of
the first commuters on a ferry from
Queens to Manhattan.
NEW YORK, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
“Presidents should have some
By PETER BAKER
and JONAH ENGEL BROMWICH
WASHINGTON — If nothing
else, President Trump has al-
ready secured a place in history.
It is his grasp of history that
seems less secure.
In his latest foray into what
might be called the alternative
past, Mr. Trump suggested that
Andrew Jackson had been “re-
ally angry” about the Civil War,
which did not break out until 16
years after his death. And for
good measure, Mr. Trump ques-
tioned “why was there the Civil
War” in the first place, suggest-
ing that it should have simply
been worked out.
The comments, made in an
interview broadcast on Monday,
The Lipstick Matched
Katy Perry at the Met Gala on Monday in Maison Martin Margiela by John Galliano. Page A24.
An Obscure Law Unravels Obama’s Legacy, One Rule at a Time
By MICHAEL D. SHEAR
WASHINGTON — Just days af-
ter the November election, top
aides to Donald J. Trump huddled
with congressional staff members
in Speaker Paul D. Ryan’s suite of
offices at the Capitol. The objec-
tive: not to get things done, but to
undo them — quickly.
PAGE A9
SPORTSTUESDAY B8-12
Bigger, Faster, Frailer
PAGE A10 Noah Syndergaard, who has a torn torso
muscle, can do it all — except, perhaps,
throw properly. On Baseball.
ESPN Accused of Liberal Bias
Conservative critics have celebrated the
PAGE A23
network’s struggles, saying its coverage
of social issues is slanted.
ZAKARIA ABDELKAFI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
tory as they become part of it,”
Underscore Tenuous said Julian E. Zelizer, a presiden-
tial historian at Princeton.
Grasp of the Past White House officials said that
Mr. Trump was being misinter-
preted and that a few random
comments had been twisted into
may have been attributable to
meaning something they did not.
imprecision, but for historians
The criticism of his remarks,
they underscored what seems to
they said, reflects a “gotcha”
be a tenuous understanding by
Mr. Trump of the course of game by intellectual elitists who
fail to understand him.
events that preceded his ascen-
sion to power. At various points, “There’s a certain amount of
he has seemed to suggest that hunting for ‘what is it that Trump
Frederick Douglass is still alive, has done that’s dumb?’” said
appeared surprised that Abra- Newt Gingrich, the former
ham Lincoln was a Republican, speaker of the House, who
and mounted a plaque at a golf taught history as a college pro-
course marking a Civil War fessor in Georgia and has written
battle that never happened. Continued on Page A16
BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
For about three months after overturn major new regulations
Inauguration Day, Mr. Trump issued by federal agencies. After
would have the power to wipe that window closes, sometime in
away some of his predecessor’s early May, the process gets much
most significant regulations with more difficult: Executive orders
simple-majority votes from his al- by the president can take years to
lies in Congress. unwind regulations — well be-
But the clock was ticking. yond the important 100-day yard-
An obscure law known as the stick for new administrations.
Congressional Review Act gives So in weekly meetings leading
lawmakers 60 legislative days to up to Jan. 20, the Trump aides and
SCIENCE TIMES D1-6
Clues to Zika’s Damage
In cases of twins, the virus usually
infects both twins if they are identical,
but only one if fraternal. The difference
may offer a telling clue. PAGE D1
BUSINESS DAY B1-7
Fund Manager Ousts Chief
A reshuffling at AllianceBernstein
comes as investors abandon active
PAGE B8
money managers in favor of less expen-
sive exchange-traded funds. PAGE B1
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27
PAGE B8 David Leonhardt PAGE A27
windy, less humid, high 72. Tonight,
clear, low 53. Tomorrow, sunny to
partly cloudy, breezy, cooler, high 63.
Weather map appears on Page C8.
$2.50
TRUMP OVERTURE
TO NORTH KOREA
IS FULL OF RISKS
IMPROMPTU DIPLOMACY
Offering to Meet With
Kim While Duterte
Gives a Brush-Off
By MARK LANDLER
WASHINGTON — President
Trump continued his outreach to
rogue leaders on Monday, declar-
ing he would meet North Korea’s
dictator, Kim Jong-un, provided
the circumstances were right,
even as the Philippine president,
Rodrigo Duterte, brushed aside
the president’s invitation to visit
the White House, saying he might
be “too busy.”
Mr. Trump’s unorthodox over-
tures — to a nuclear-armed
despot who brutally purged his ri-
vals, and an insurgent politician
accused of extrajudicial killings of
drug suspects — illustrated the
president’s confidence in his abil-
ity to make deals and his willing-
ness to talk to
virtually any-
one.
Above
they
all,
high-
lighted his pen-
chant for flout-
ing the norms
of diplomacy,
no matter his
larger aim.
Trump
No sitting
American pres-
ident has met with a North Korean
leader since Mr. Kim’s grandfa-
ther Kim Il-sung established a
Stalinist state there after the Ko-
rean War. However vague and im-
promptu, Mr. Trump’s offer shook
up an unsettled situation on the
Korean Peninsula, which has been
alarmed by the prospect of a mili-
tary clash between the United
States and the North.
“Kim Jong-un would be de-
lighted to meet with President
Trump on the basis of one nuclear
leader to another,” said Christo-
pher R. Hill, a career diplomat
who was special envoy on North
Korea under President George W.
Bush. “If I were Trump I would
pass on that.”
Mr. Duterte’s backhanded re-
sponse to Mr. Trump, however,
also showed the pitfalls of his per-
sonal brand of diplomacy. The
president had already gotten
fierce criticism from human rights
groups for embracing a man
viewed by many as being respon-
sible for the deaths of thousands
of people involved in the drug
trade. Now he faces being
snubbed by Mr. Duterte as well.
And he is working to keep open
lines of communication with Pres-
ident Vladimir V. Putin, despite
partially blaming the Russian
leader last month for the continu-
ing civil war in Syria. Mr. Trump
Continued on Page A21
HEALTH BILL After two false
starts, the administration is still
pushing for a vote. PAGE A17
TRUMPS’ SECURITY Congress
sets aside an extra $120 million to
protect the first family. PAGE A18
WALL STREET WORRY The presi-
dent suggested breaking up the
biggest banks. DealBook. PAGE B1
lawmakers worked from a shared
Excel spreadsheet to develop a
list of possible targets: rules en-
acted late in Barack Obama’s
presidency that they viewed as a
vast regulatory overreach that
was stifling economic growth.
The result was a historic rever-
sal of government rules in record
Continued on Page A20
ARTS C1-7
A Mother-Daughter Sitcom
Tracey Wigfield is used to her mother
inserting herself into her professional
and personal life. Now she has turned
that into NBC’s “Great News.” PAGE C1
U(D54G1D)y+=!}!$!#!/
A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR.
Publisher, Chairman
A. G. SULZBERGER
Deputy Publisher
Founded in 1851
ADOLPH S. OCHS
Publisher 1896-1935
ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1935-1961
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS
Publisher 1961-1963
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1963-1992
Inside The Times
THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY
William Safire in 1984. A furor greeted him upon his arrival from the Nixon White House.
OYSTER perpetual
rolex deepsea From ‘Manipulator’ to Pulitzer Winner
By DAVID W. DUNLAP
The opinion columns of The New York
Times are supposed to be a place for lively
debate.
Sometimes, the liveliest debate is over
the columns. Especially when the opinions
are conservative.
There has been an uproar over the hir-
ing of Bret Stephens as an Opinion col-
umnist, as there was an uproar over the
hiring in 2008 of William Kristol. “Of the
nearly 700 messages I have received since
Kristol’s selection was announced — more
than half of them before he ever wrote a
word for The Times — exactly one praised
the choice,” wrote Clark Hoyt, who was
then The Times’s public editor.
But today’s reaction looks muted com-
pared with the hornet’s nest that was
stirred in 1973 when the publisher, Arthur
Ochs Sulzberger, brought William Safire
aboard — directly from the Nixon White
House — without even first informing his
cousin, John B. Oakes, the truly liberal
editor of the editorial page.
Mr. Safire, a speechwriter and special
assistant to President Richard M. Nixon,
did not disappoint those waiting to pounce.
On April 17, 1973, Mr. Nixon declared that
“real progress” was being made in getting
rolex oyster perpetual and deepsea to the bottom of the Watergate scandal. “I
are ® trademarks.
condemn any attempt to cover up in this
case, no matter who is involved,” said Mr.
Nixon, who was very much involved, as it
would later turn out.
As far as Mr. Safire could see, the presi-
dent had triumphed. And on that note, he
began writing his “Essay” column on the
Op-Ed page: “For Richard Nixon, this is
comeback time — and when it comes to
comebacks, the world’s leading expert has
just made his appearance on the right side
of the Watergate investigation.”
David Halberstam, a highly respected
journalist and former Times correspond-
ent, told the publisher — known as Punch
— that he had made a mistake hiring Mr.
Safire. “He is a paid manipulator,” Mr.
Halberstam said, just warming up.
“A few years ago when you had just
taken over the paper you were handed a
On This Day in History
A MEMORABLE HEADLINE FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES
MAY 2, 1956
SALK SEES VACCINE AS BAR TO PARALYTIC POLIO
FOR LIFE; ‘DURABLE IMMUNITY’ NOW LIKELY
AGAINST DISEASE, HE TELLS PHYSICIANS
“Dr. Jonas E. Salk presented evidence today that man could look toward life-long immunity
from paralytic poliomyelitis,” The Times reported from Atlantic City on May 1. Dr. Salk’s
vaccine is credited with eradicating polio in the United States, where the virus had caused
thousands of cases of paralysis each year. Today it remains endemic in just three countries:
Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018-1405
The New York Times (ISSN 0362-4331) is published
daily. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and
at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send ad-
dress changes to The New York Times, P.O. Box 8042,
Davenport, IA, 52808-8042.
Mail Subscription Rates* 1 Yr. 6 Mos.
Weekdays and Sundays...............$910.00 $455.00
Weekdays ....................................... 524.16 262.08
Sundays.......................................... 447.20 223.60
NEWS EDITORIAL
DEAN BAQUET Executive Editor JAMES BENNET Editorial Page Editor
JOSEPH KAHN Managing Editor JAMES DAO Deputy Editorial Page Editor
REBECCA BLUMENSTEIN Deputy Managing Editor
TOM BODKIN Creative Director
BUSINESS
JANET ELDER Deputy Managing Editor
CLIFFORD LEVY Deputy Managing Editor MARK THOMPSON Chief Executive Officer
MATTHEW PURDY Deputy Managing Editor JAMES M. FOLLO Chief Financial Officer
KINSEY WILSON Editor for Innovation and Strategy, DIANE BRAYTON General Counsel and Secretary
Executive V.P., Product and Technology ROLAND A. CAPUTO Executive V.P., Print Products
MEREDITH KOPIT LEVIEN Chief Revenue Officer
REBECCA CORBETT Assistant Editor
ELLEN SHULTZ Executive V.P., Talent and Inclusion
SAM DOLNICK Assistant Editor
WILLIAM T. BARDEEN Senior Vice President
STEVE DUENES Assistant Editor
TERRY L. HAYES Senior Vice President
ALEXANDRA M AC CALLUM Assistant Editor
R. ANTHONY BENTEN Treasurer and Controller
MICHELE M C NALLY Assistant Editor
ALISON MITCHELL Assistant Editor
CAROLYN RYAN Assistant Editor
The Newspaper
And Beyond
CORRECTIONS A24
CROSSWORD C3
OBITUARIES B13-14
OPINION A26-27
TV LISTINGS C7
WEATHER C8
CLASSIFIED ADS B10
VIDEO
On Saturday, tens of thousands
gathered in Washington for the
People’s Climate March.
Demonstrators chanted: “Resist-
ance is here to stay. Welcome to
your 100th day!” nytimes.com/
video
GEORGE TAMES/THE NEW YORK TIMES
tough decision on the West Coast edition,”
Mr. Halberstam told Mr. Sulzberger. “You
said — ‘It’s a lousy paper. Close it.’ So
Punch, this time the play is to you. It’s a THE DAILY 360
lousy column and it’s a dishonest one. So
close it. Or you end up just as shabby as Bold and Beautiful is an informal
Safire.” swimming group that meets
Mr. Sulzberger demurred. every morning on Sydney’s
“I appreciate that you feel I am prepared Manly Beach to swim almost a
to make a ‘tough decision,’” the publisher mile from Manly to Shelly Beach
responded, “but right now, as far as I’m and back — and they all wear
concerned, one is not necessary in this pink swimming caps. In an im-
case. While I have not always agreed with mersive video, join them for a dip.
Bill, I think he is developing a style of his nytimes.com/thedaily360
own and that he is reflecting a philosophy. I
remain confident that over the years he
will be an important contributor.”
But there was no inconspicuous retreat
from the initial stumble.
“That is what is called ‘being really
wrong,’” Mr. Safire wrote eight months
later. “Not mistaken, not slightly off base,
not relatively inaccurate — but grandly,
gloriously, egregiously wrong.” LIVE BRIEFING
It was hardly the end of the line. Mr.
Safire was to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1978 Nominations for the 71st annual
for his columns about Bert Lance, Presi- Tony Awards will be announced
dent Jimmy Carter’s budget director, who around 8:30 a.m. Tuesday. The
resigned amid charges that he had Times’s culture editors will track
personally traded on his ties with the and post the nods live. (And
president. The “Essay” column ran until check back throughout the day for
2005. Mr. Safire’s other column, “On Lan- reactions from our critics and the
guage,” ran until 2009. nominees.) nytimes.com/theater
And something besides his briefly lived
contrition explained why a few hearts
softened in the Washington bureau, where VIDEO
Mr. Safire worked.
Modern tools of communication
On the Fourth of July 1974, members of
make it possible to spread lies
the bureau and their families gathered at
with lightning speed. But conspir-
the home of the editor Doug Robinson in
acy theories are nothing new. The
Maryland. Bill Kovach was among them.
latest edition of the Retro Report
“Safire was the only one who saw Jim
explores decades of conspiracy
Naughton’s young son fall into the pool and
theories — and what they can tell
thrash around,” Mr. Kovach recalled. “He
us about how we view the world
swept past me and others and leaped fully
today. nytimes.com/video
clothed into the pool and pulled the boy out.”
In the book “Safire’s Washington,” the
columnist admitted that his wife, Helene,
had pushed him in to save the boy. But the
result was the same. “It was hard to hate
me after that,” he wrote.
SHARE A NEWS TIP
tips@nytimes.com
or nytimes.com/tips
CONTACT THE TIMES
nytnews@nytimes.com
Times Book Review.................................. 1 Yr. $156.00 ners or third parties who offer products or ser- an advertisement shall constitute final acceptance.
Large Print Weekly .................................. 1 Yr. 98.80 vices that are likely to interest its readers. If you © 2017, The New York Times Company. All rights re-
prefer that we do not share this information, please served.
Higher rates, available on request, for mail- notify Customer Service, P.O. Box 8042, Davenport,
ing outside the U.S., or for the New York edi- IA, 52808-8042, or e-mail 1-800@nytimes.com.
tion outside the Northeast: 1-800-631-2580.
All advertising published in The New York Times is Arthur Sulzberger Jr., Chairman and Publisher
*Not including state or local tax.
subject to the applicable rate card, available from the Mark Thompson, President and Chief Executive Officer
The Times occasionally makes its list of home deliv- advertising department. The Times reserves the right R. Anthony Benten, Treasurer
ery subscribers available to marketing part- not to accept an advertiser’s order. Only publication of Diane Brayton, General Counsel and Secretary
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N A3

©T&CO. 2017. DESIGNS © PALOMA PICASSO

Of Interest MOTHER’S DAY

NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER

Yellowstone Park’s wolves live to On a typical day in 2016, the

be about five years old, double the
life span outside its borders. The
park’s oldest wolf reached age 12½.
The New Threat to Wolves D1
• security risks.
Only 27 percent of Republicans
say blacks experience a lot of
discrimination, while 43 percent
say whites do and 48 percent say
the same of Christians.
America’s Political Disunion A27
•
Postpartum hemorrhage, in which
women bleed uncontrollably after
childbirth, kills an estimated 100,000
women a year in poor and middle-
income countries.
A Cheap Drug Can Save Hemorrhaging Mothers D3
JASON POLAN
The breath of diabetics sometimes
smells of rotten apples, experts
report; the skin of typhoid patients,
like baking bread.
The Race to Sniff Out Disease D5
• Will Help B4
Before natural gas is exported, it
is cooled to minus 260 degrees,
condensing it to a liquid known
as liquefied natural gas.
President’s Preparations to Increase
Gas Exports Face Glut in the Market A20
Department of Homeland Security
denied admittance to 752 people at Show her you
American ports of entry and flagged
877 people deemed possible national
A Severe Reception at America’s Front Door A11
•
After the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks,
Portland International Airport in
Oregon began hosting volunteer
musical performances; it now has
65 a week.
Security Line Blues? Maybe Some Cool Jazz
•
There are about 100,000 species
of fungi, but only about 80 of them
bioluminesce, or glow in the dark.
Hunting Mushrooms (Glowing or Not) D6

Near or far, there are certain words

that will always warm a mother’s heart.

The Conversation Spotlight

FOUR OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS ADDITIONAL REPORTAGE AND REPARTEE
FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM FROM OUR JOURNALISTS

1. Trump’s ‘Very Friendly’ Talk With Duterte Stuns Aides
And Critics Alike
“Who knew that inviting a murderer to the White House could
be so complicated?” reads one of the milder comments on The
Times’s website, where this was the most read article on Mon-
day. President Trump extended the aforementioned invitation to
Last week on Facebook Live, Matt Walsh, who plays the
White House press secretary Mike McLintock on the HBO
show “Veep,” joined the New York Times White House report-
er Julie Hirschfeld Davis in front of the Capitol building in
Washington, D.C., for a chat about his character and the PALOMA’S GRAFFITI
show’s real-life analogues. Read a lightly edited and con- 800 843 3269 | TIFFANY.COM

the White House during a late-night conversation with President
Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines, despite Mr. Duterte’s role in
sanctioning the extrajudicial killings of drug suspects in his
country.
2. Brand to Know: The Kenyan Line That Makes
Only One Dress
This write-up of Zuri, a line operated by two New Yorkers, drew
most of its readers from Facebook. Commenters there noted the
dresses’ beauty, but many wondered: Why feature Zuri rather
than an African apparel company run by Africans?
densed excerpt of their conversation below, and watch the
entire video at facebook.com/nytimes.
Julie Hirschfeld Davis Do you actually watch the
White House briefings?
Matt Walsh As soon as Spicer took office, I watched
them, in the early days, and now I kind of get what
he’s about. I read the newspaper and see things, but
I’m not on top of the news briefings.

Julie Hirschfeld Davis Your background is in improv.

Do you think that’s a useful thing for a press secretary,
or anyone in politics, to have?

Matt Walsh Yes. I think you cannot predict what’s

SANDRA ZHAO
3. China’s Appetite Pushes Fisheries to the Brink
Andrew Jacobs’s report, Monday’s most emailed article,
details the global burden of China’s demand for seafood,
calling particular attention to fisheries as far afield as Senegal
that have been depleted by Chinese vessels.
coming at you in that job. In the room, people are on
their phones: ‘Actually, this just happened.’ You’re
constantly being presented with things that people
are ahead of you with, so you do need to be good on
your feet, and improv is a great skill for that.
Julie Hirschfeld Davis When people see you here in
Washington, are they super-starstruck about you?

4. Key to Improving Subway Service in New York?

Modern Signals
Emma G. Fitzsimmons reports that the myriad headaches of
using New York’s subway system can be traced to infrastruc-
ture dating to the 1930s. Nicholas Kulish, a writer and corre-
spondent for The Times, shared the story on Twitter along
with his own tale of woe: “Anyone else perversely delighted
to be stuck in a signal malfunction and reading @emmagf on
same antiquated system?”
Matt Walsh It’s like an industrial — it’s like we went
to IBM and wrote a bunch of jokes about computers
and executives that work at IBM. Our show is exactly
what happens in this town, so even if it wasn’t
successful or super funny, I still think people would ')HQFHVDGGOHEDJLQODWWHFDOIVNLQ
really love it, because it’s brought to light what they
ZLWK',25ORRSFORVXUHLQDJHGJROGMHZHOU\
do for a living.

WK6WUHHW6RKR
GLRU'LRUFRP
Quote of the Day “I took care of Roy, and I had to use the facilities myself.
HONORING A DECEASED FELLOW
FAN, ONE BALLPARK BATHROOM
So I figure, you know, kill two birds.”
AT A TIME A25 TOM McDONALD, a Mets fan who is disposing of the ashes of his childhood friend
Roy Riegel by flushing them away in ballparks across the country.

The Mini Crossword Here to Help

BY JOEL FAGLIANO HOW TO BE MINDFUL WHILE GARDENING

1 2 3 4 It’s o.k. to get a little dirty in search of a

mindful moment. “Caring for your garden
can be a great form of mindfulness medita-
5
tion,” says Suze Yalof Schwartz, the
founder of Unplug Meditation and the
6 7 author of “Unplug: A Simple Guide to
Meditation for Busy Skeptics and Modern
8 Soul Seekers.” “By connecting with the
earth and with the practice of gardening,
you can cultivate a healthy mind and feel
9 calm and connected. Simply planting a SAM KALDA

seed with intention, or touching soil, can

Be fully present to the act of planting.
5/2/2017 EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ be transformative.”
Notice how the soil feels and take a mo-
To stay focused while planting, follow
ACROSS ment to appreciate that you actually have
these steps from David Gelles’s Meditation
1 Stupid soil that you can plant in.
for Real Life column:
5 Company co-founded by
Notice the earth, feel the soil, smell the air Take the seeds or the plant in your hands
Travis Kalanick
and take a long slow deep breath. Connect and silently state your intentions. May you
6 Extinct birds that are
with the world around you. grow and may you be healthy.
synonymous with “stupid”
8 Part of a sausage chain Place the seeds or plant gently into the hole
9 Move from gate to runway
Once you have collected the soil, the seed
or the plant, the watering can and the with intention and cover it up with soil.

DOWN
shovel, stop and open your eyes and look Water lightly and listen to the sound of the
1 Failure around you. Notice what plants are already water hitting the earth.
2 Letter-shaped piece of hardware in bloom.
For more tips about everyday mindful moments,
3 Attendees of the White House With your pointer finger, slowly poke a small visit nytimes.com/mindful.
Correspondents’ Dinner
hole. Take a moment to just feel the sensa-
4 Home to New York City’s zoo
tion of touching soil.
7 Go down the bunny slope

SOLUTION TO
M O O D
PREVIOUS PUZZLE
E X A M
R A F T S
U T A H
G Y M S
A4
A Bookish Refuge Where Tolerance Rules, but Don’t You Dare Loll About
By STEPHEN CASTLE
HAWARDEN, Wales — Flitting from
the origins of mountaineering to the
writing skills of recent archbishops, the
bookish talk at the breakfast table
seemed to suit the setting. Overlooking
it all hung two portraits of Britain’s
high-minded 19th-century Liberal prime
minister William Gladstone, staring
down with a severe look.
The restaurant at Gladstone’s Li-
brary, close to the border between
Wales and England, is called Food for
Thought, and the caterers have been
busy recently.
Interest has surged in an institution
that houses Gladstone’s books and
papers and that sees itself as a temple
of liberal values, delighting its director,
Peter Francis, who believes the trend is
a reaction to the rise of populism in
Britain.
Last year, Britons voted to quit the
European Union after a notably shallow
referendum debate. Now, a badly divid-
ed electorate faces a general election at
a time when politicians are generally
held in low esteem and amid anxieties
about the spread of fake news.
So this unique residential institution
— in contrast to recent American presi-
dents, Gladstone is the only British
leader to have established a library —
sees itself as a refuge, Mr. Francis said,
and one that is being “hugely used at
the moment by people who feel the loss
of liberal values.”
Four times prime minister, William
Ewart Gladstone was first elected to
Parliament in 1832, age 23, as a Tory,
but he became leader of the Liberal
party in 1867, expanding the voting
franchise and championing Irish home
rule. Whereas his archrival, Benjamin
Disraeli, charmed Queen Victoria,
Gladstone tended to do the opposite, so
much so that the monarch complained
that he addressed her as if she were a
public meeting.
Yet his scholarly and sober approach
may be having a revival.
Reading room visitors increased by
25 percent to 50 percent in each of the
first three months of 2017 over last year,
and there was an overall 29 percent
increase in overnight stays by scholars,
writers and others in the same period.
Fund-raising is underway for a $10
million plan to build an auditorium for
literary festivals, to improve video
capabilities and to upgrade more basic
facilities, including the women’s
restrooms.
But the idea is to retain the ambience
of a place where visitors sometimes feel
as if they have stepped from a divided
and ill-tempered Britain into a 19th-
century vicarage.
Sitting in his book-lined office, Mr.
Francis, whose formal title is warden,
said that as a committed international-
ist, Gladstone would have been “very
upset” about Britain’s exit from the
European Union. He thinks it fair to
assume that a politician whose
speeches could last four hours would
have been unimpressed by President
Trump’s Twitter feed.
As for fake news, Mr. Francis added,
Gladstone would have been horrified. “I
can’t think of any single thing that is
more un-Gladstonian,” he said, noting
that the statesman prized “deep study
and doing your proper research and in
some depth, so that you would get all
the nuances.”
Evidence of scholarship is all around
in this imposing library, built in the first
years of the 20th century in Gothic
style on the site of the more basic struc-
ture — the “Tin Tabernacle” — that
Gladstone built in 1889 to house his
32,000 books. Though he turned 80 that
year, he helped to move them there in
wheelbarrows from nearby Hawarden
(pronounced Harden) Castle, his grand
country home.
A devout Christian, Gladstone be-
came well known for his rescue work
among prostitutes, but his contacts
with “fallen women” provoked gossip
and speculation. His reputation for
intellectual rigor is rarely questioned,
however. Mr. Francis recounts how
when asked to cut the ribbon to open a
flower show, Gladstone read for weeks
about flora and delivered a lengthy
oration.
Augmented with newer works, Glad-
stone’s Library now holds more than
200,000 books, journals and periodicals,
Iran and United States Discuss Issue of Dual Citizens’ Imprisonment by Tehran
By RICK GLADSTONE
Iran said Monday that it had discussed
the issue of Americans with dual citizen-
ship held in Iranian prisons during a
meeting last week with the United
States.
The discussion, during a meeting in Vi-
enna on compliance with the 2015 Iranian
nuclear accord, was the first face-to-face
exchange between emissaries from Iran
and the United States since President
Trump took office.
A State Department spokesman, Mark
C. Toner, had suggested on April 25 that
the imprisonments would be raised at
the meeting, which was held while both
sides were attending a session of the In-
ternational Atomic Energy Agency, the
United Nations nonproliferation moni-
tor.
Bahram Ghasemi, a spokesman for
Iran’s Foreign Ministry in Tehran, con-
firmed on Monday that there had been a
concentrating on history, literature and
theology.
Access is free, which has made the
library a popular place of study for local
teenagers preparing for exams. It also
has 26 bedrooms, with reduced prices
for authors, clergy members and stu-
dents, and there is often a writer in
residence.
While anyone can reserve a bed, this
is not an ordinary hotel. The rooms,
while comfortable, are equipped with a
retro-style radio, but no TV. Down-
stairs, in a spacious sitting room, the
bar is not staffed; guests are expected
to display another Gladstonian quality
— integrity — by signing for what they
consume.
Along the corridor, under the wooden
beams of the large, light and airy main
reading room, silence is strictly ob-
served, the only distraction being the
thousands of surrounding volumes (one
visitor recalls being sidetracked from
work by “The Book of British Fish”).
In addition to his books, Gladstone’s
personal papers are here, including his
marriage proposal, whose romantic
intent was somewhat opaque: It is a
letter that includes a sentence of 141
words, with 18 clauses or subclauses.
The library’s many admirers include
David Cannadine, the Dodge professor
of history at Princeton and a trustee,
discussion, and he said such talks in pre-
vious years had yielded “positive re-
sults.”
Mr. Ghasemi’s remarks, at a regular
weekly news conference reported by Ira-
nian media, did not suggest a negotiation
was underway for the release of the
Americans, all of them dual citizens of
the United States and Iran.
Mr. Ghasemi did not identify any of
them by name. At least four Americans
of Iranian descent are known to be held
in Iranian prisons on dubious charges.
His public acknowledgment that the
imprisonment issue had been raised ap-
peared to signal that Iranian leaders
were at least open to the idea of negotiat-
ing with the Trump administration, de-
spite its avowed hostility toward Iran.
The United States has repeatedly
called for the prisoners’ release. Iran re-
gards them as its citizens, with none of
the rights to diplomatic access afforded
HAWARDEN JOURNAL
who describes it as “a very remarkable
and special place, both in terms of what
it is and what it stands for.”
“People can visit and stay and work
in an environment which is si-
multaneously stimulating, secluded and
serene,” he said, adding that “it also
embodies those quintessential Gladsto-
nian values of liberalism, tolerance,
internationalism, democracy and belief
At least four Americans of
Iranian descent are being
held on dubious charges.
to foreigners arrested in the country.
Iran has long used prisoners as bar-
gaining leverage with the United States
in the more than three decades of hostil-
ity that have prevailed since diplomatic
relations were severed after the 1979 rev-
olution.
When the nuclear agreement was put
into effect in January 2016, Iran released
a number of dual nationals from the
United States that it had arrested on spy-
ing and other charges, including Jason
Rezaian, who was The Washington
Post’s Tehran bureau chief.
The most prominent dual nationals
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDREW TESTA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Interest has surged
in Gladstone’s
Library, a serene
refuge near the
border of England
and Wales that
houses books and
papers from the
19th-century
Liberal British
prime minister
William Glad-
stone. Its director,
Peter Francis, left,
said he believed
that the increase in
visitors in the first
three months of
2017 was a reaction
to the rise of popu-
lism in Britain.
in human rights and the rule of law.”
“In our current climate, they need
reaffirming, exploring and celebrating
more than ever,” he said.
Another trustee, Patrick Derham,
headmaster of Westminster School,
described the library as a “magical
place,” which, “in an increasingly illib-
eral world, is even more important now
than at any point in its existence.”
currently imprisoned are Siamak Na-
mazi, a businessman who had advocated
improved relations with the United
States, and his father, Baquer Namazi, a
former United Nations Children’s Fund
official. Others include Karan Vafadari,
an art gallery owner, and Afarin Niasari,
Mr. Vafadari’s wife.
Another dual citizen, Robin Shahini, a
San Diego State University graduate stu-
dent arrested last July and later sen-
tenced to 18 years’ imprisonment, was
released on bail in March after he began
a hunger strike.
The United States also has repeatedly
asked Iran about Robert Levinson, a for-
mer F.B.I. agent who disappeared in Iran
a decade ago. The Iranians have said
they know nothing of his whereabouts or
fate, despite suspicions by Mr. Lev-
inson’s family that he is a captive.
Advocates for the Namazis have been
especially outspoken about calling for
TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
SCOTLAND
North Sea
N. IRELAND
ELAND
B RITAIN
IREL
LAND Hawarden
ENGLAND
WALES
London
Celtic Sea
English Channel
100 MILES FRANCE
THE NEW YORK TIMES
Over dinner, the current writer in
residence, the novelist Rowan Hisayo
Buchanan, put the attraction differ-
ently: “When I was a kid, I always
wanted to live in a library, then I dis-
covered that there is a library, and you
can live in it.”
Liz Simons, a textiles teacher from
Cambridge, said she was visiting be-
cause of her 18-year-old son’s interest in
Victorian history. As a supporter of the
right-wing U.K. Independence Party, he
may not be typical of Gladstone’s Li-
brary users, though she thinks expo-
sure to it may be making him a little
more liberal.
Originally, the library was named
after the nearby church, St. Deiniol’s,
which contains several plaques com-
memorating the Gladstone family.
(William Gladstone, who died at
Hawarden Castle in 1898, is buried in
Westminster Abbey.)
The library’s warden must be a mem-
ber of the clergy, and there is a regular
communion service at 8 a.m., though
Mr. Francis said that there was “no
expectation that people go,” and de-
scribed this as “old-fashioned Anglican-
ism that goes on like the breathing of
the house.”
Mr. Francis remembered being “terri-
bly scornful” that his predecessor
stayed in the job for 21 years, yet he is
now at the start of his own second
decade in the post and seems destined
to outdo the record. Not that this means
he has become complacent, he added.
“We have a lot of images of Glad-
stone, and I do find him quite stern,” he
said. “You can’t quite loll about doing
nothing with Gladstone looking over
you. You feel you should be doing some-
thing solidly and seriously.”
their release. Last week during the Vien-
na meeting, Baquer Namazi’s other son,
Babak Namazi, joined with their lawyer,
Jared Genser, at a news conference to de-
nounce what they called the “intense, un-
relenting, cruel and inhuman treatment”
of the Namazis.
Babak Namazi also said he was count-
ing on Mr. Trump to “take personal re-
sponsibility for the lives of my father and
brother.”
In a Twitter message in October, when
the Namazis were both sentenced, Mr.
Trump vowed, “This doesn’t happen if
I’m president!”
Mr. Trump has also denounced the Ira-
nian nuclear accord as “the worst deal
ever” and has hinted that he would seek
to renegotiate or scrap it. But political
analysts have suggested that he will hon-
or terms of the deal, which eased sanc-
tions on Iran in exchange for its verifi-
able pledge of peaceful nuclear work.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N A5

SNEAK PEEK SALE

INCREDIBLE SELECTIONS FOR WOMEN AND MEN

throughout the store and on saks.com

Now through Sunday, May 7

PLUS, FOR THREE DAYS ONLY

now through Thursday, May 4

DOUBLE POINTS ** for SaksFirst members and

BONUS POINTS*** with your Beauty or Jewelry purchase

SALE IS 30-40% OFF FOR HER AND HIM.

*THIS SALE REPRESENTS PERCENTAGE OFF ORIGINAL PRICES. SELECTED MERCHANDISE ONLY. NOT ALL DEPARTMENTS INCLUDED IN SALE. NOT ALL DEPARTMENTS IN ALL SAKS FIFTH AVENUE STORES. INTERMEDIATE MARKDOWNS MAY HAVE OCCURRED PRIOR TO THIS SALE. NO ADJUSTMENTS TO PRIOR PURCHASES UNLESS
MERCHANDISE IS MARKED DOWN WITHIN 7 DAYS OF BEING PURCHASED AT FULL PRICE. EXCLUDES SAKS FIFTH AVENUE OFF 5TH STORES AND SAKSOFF5TH.COM. PRICES AT SAKS.COM ALREADY REFLECT REDUCTION. SALE ENDS FOR SELECT MERCHANDISE IN STORES ON 5/7/17 AND ON SAKS.COM ON 5/7/17 AT 11:59PM (ET).
**SELECT DESIGNERS AND LEASED DEPARTMENT EXCLUSIONS APPLY. FOR APPROVED PURCHASES MADE WITH THE SAKSFIRST CREDIT CARD IN SAKS FIFTH AVENUE STORES, CATALOGS AND AT SAKS.COM. DURING THIS EVENT, SAKSFIRST MEMBERS WILL EARN 2 BASE POINTS PLUS 2 BONUS POINTS PER ELIGIBLE DOLLAR SPENT
FROM $1 TO $4999, 4 BASE POINTS PLUS 4 BONUS POINTS PER ELIGIBLE DOLLAR SPENT FROM $5000 TO $9999, AND 6 BASE POINTS PLUS 6 BONUS POINTS PER ELIGIBLE DOLLAR SPENT THEREAFTER, BASED ON YOUR CALENDAR YEAR-TO-DATE NET PURCHASES. SALES TAX, DELIVERY CHARGES, BEAUTY SALON PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES, RESTAURANTS, ALTERATIONS, FUR STORAGE, GRATUITY, REPAIRS AT SAKS FIFTH AVENUE OFF 5TH STORES, SAKSOFF5TH.COM, CORPORATE GIFTS, GIFT CARD PURCHASES, SERVICES AND CARTIER, GRAFF AND CHRISTIAN LOUBOUTIN BEAUTE, PRADA AND MIU MIU ARE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR THIS BONUS POINTS EVENT.
OFFER VALID IN SAKS FIFTH AVENUE STORES FROM 5/2/17 TO 5/4/17 AND ON SAKS.COM FROM 5/1/17 AT 12:01 AM (ET) THROUGH 5/4/17 AT 11:59 PM (ET). ***SELECT DESIGNERS AND LEASED DEPARTMENT EXCLUSIONS APPLY. PLEASE ALLOW 8-10 WEEKS FOR BONUS POINTS TO BE CREDITED TO YOUR ACCOUNT.
TO RECEIVE 3000 BEAUTY BONUS POINTS OFFER, TOTAL SPEND MUST BE AT LEAST $300 OF ELIGIBLE SPEND IN BEAUTY OR FRAGRANCE IN SAKS FIFTH AVENUE STORES AND/OR ON SAKS.COM WITH THE SAKSFIRST CREDIT CARD. TO RECEIVE 30,000 BONUS POINTS OFFER FOR WATCH AND/OR JEWELRY PURCHASES, TOTAL SPEND
MUST BE AT LEAST $3,000 IN WATCH AND/OR JEWELRY PURCHASES WITH THE SAKSFIRST CREDIT CARD. TOTAL SPEND EXCLUDES TAXES AND DELIVERY CHARGES. MAXIMUM 3000 BONUS POINTS FOR BEAUTY AND 30,000 BONUS POINTS ALLOWED FOR WATCH AND/OR JEWELRY PER CUSTOMER FOR THIS BONUS POINTS OFFER.
NOT VALID FOR PURCHASES MADE AT SAKS FIFTH AVENUE OFF 5TH STORES OR ON SAKSOFF5TH.COM. OFFER VALID IN SAKS FIFTH AVENUE STORES FROM 5/2/17 TO 5/4/17 AND ON SAKS.COM FROM 5/1/17 AT 12:01 AM (ET) THROUGH 5/4/17 AT 11:59 PM (ET).
A6 0 N
Unions in France Split
Over Supporting Macron
A Centrist Running Against a Far-Right Foe
By AURELIEN BREEDEN
PARIS — France’s presidential
campaign entered its last week on
Monday, coinciding with May Day
labor demonstrations around the
country that reflected a split
among unions over whether to en-
dorse Emmanuel Macron, the
centrist candidate, against
Marine Le Pen, his far-right oppo-
nent.
More than 140,000 people
participated in rallies in Paris,
Lille, Marseille and other cities —
events organized by French labor
unions, some of which have found
themselves in a bind ahead of the
vote in the second and final round
of the presidential election on
Sunday.
Although they have historically
opposed Ms. Le Pen’s far-right
National Front and have urged
members to vote against her, sev-
eral major labor unions also
fought the job market overhauls
that Mr. Macron defended as
economy minister and that he
wants to expand if elected.
That has left unions split be-
tween those who have explicitly
endorsed Mr. Macron, and those
who have only called for votes
against Ms. Le Pen.
At a rally of his supporters in
Paris on Monday, Mr. Macron
reiterated his economic agenda
and renewed calls for a “strong
Europe.” But he said he would
never “judge” a National Front
voter, “because behind that vote
there is always an anger, an out-
rage, a disappointment.”
Though he condemned Ms. Le
Pen for seeking to exploit voters’
anger, Mr. Macron seemed to play
to the same deep anxieties on
Monday when he told the BBC
that if elected he would have “to
listen to our people, and to listen to
the fact that they are extremely
angry today, impatient, and the
dysfunction of the E.U. is no more
sustainable.”
Mr. Macron said that he was
“pro-European,” but that if elected
he would “reform in-depth the Eu-
ropean Union and our European
project,” lest he “betray” the
Reporting was contributed by
Benoît Morenne, Milan Schreuer
and Paméla Rougerie from Paris,
and Lilia Blaise from Villepinte.
40NINE.COM
TENO.COM
SBWATCHES.COM
BOCCIA.COM
French people.
“I don’t want to do so, because
the day after, we will have a
‘Frexit,’” he said, referring to a
French exit from the European
Union, “or we will have the Front
National again.”
Many on the French left, includ-
ing union advocates who oppose
the National Front, say the eco-
nomic policies defended by Mr.
Macron — free trade and a desire
to loosen labor regulations — have
fueled the National Front’s suc-
cess.
Those voters, many of whom
supported the hard-left candidate
Jean-Luc Mélenchon in the first
round, do not want their votes for
Mr. Macron to be construed as
support for his platform. The lat-
est polls have shown an increase
in the number of voters who say
they plan to abstain in the second
round.
In Paris on Monday, the unions
that supported Mr. Marcon and
opposed Ms. Le Pen marched sep-
arately, in stark contrast to 2002,
when the different labor unions
united to oppose Ms. Le Pen’s fa-
ther, Jean-Marie, after he made it
into the second round of the presi-
dential elections.
Philippe Martinez, the head of
the General Confederation of La-
bor, one of France’s biggest
unions, told the newspaper Le
Parisien on Sunday that while his
and other unions agreed on oppos-
ing the National Front, “we are not
in 2002 anymore.”
At the bigger demonstration on
Monday in Paris, unions marched
for workers’ rights and against
Ms. Le Pen, without calling for
support for Mr. Macron. Other
demonstrators carried signs that
read “No to Macron” and “No to
Le Pen,” and some chanted “abol-
ish the Macron law” or “abolish
the labor law.”
Some hooded protesters
clashed with the police on the
sidelines of the demonstrations,
throwing rocks and firebombs at
the officers, who responded with
tear gas. Five riot police officers
were wounded in the clashes, the
Paris police prefecture said.
Demonstrators at a smaller
rally organized earlier on Monday
in Paris by more moderate labor
unions, who have endorsed Mr.
Macron, said voters had to choose.
“Although we don’t support the
politics of Macron, we advise our
followers to vote for him, because
we don’t want Le Pen,” said Olivi-
er Belem, 56, a computer techni-
cian and union member. “The fact
that the other unions don’t give
voters clear advice will leave open
the possibility of a blank vote and
will help Le Pen in her chances of
victory.”
Analysts predict that absten-
Echoes of the War in Algeria Reverberate in French Politics
When asked about this year’s
presidential election, French
historians often draw a compari-
son that could initially seem
outlandish.
The war
THE that France
fought in
INTERPRETER Algeria, they
said, cleaved
MAX FISHER and French soci-
AMANDA TAUB
ety, opening
crises of identity and integration
that still drive politics, much as
the Civil War lurks within the
racial and regional politics still
roiling the United States.
“The Algerian war was a
French civil war,” Benjamin
Stora, the conflict’s foremost
historian, said in a recent inter-
view from his home in Paris.
In Algeria, independence
groups fought to end 130 years of
French rule. Within France, Mr.
Stora said, the war was an
ideological conflict over “two
conceptions of the nation,” one
that saw France as an empire
and Algeria as core to its great-
ness, and another that rejected
colonialism. The war also be-
came a struggle over whether
French identity could expand to
include the mostly Muslim
Algerians.
When France withdrew in
defeat in 1962, the guns quieted,
but those tensions over identity
only intensified in France.
Settlers, along with their
supporters in France, experi-
enced Algeria’s loss so pro-
foundly that many still speak of
reclaiming France’s lost glory —
often while explaining their
support for Marine Le Pen, the
far-right presidential candidate.
Questions over French iden-
tity, opened by the war, still pit
the French against one another.
The politics of nostalgia and
grievance so closely parallel the
American South, Mr. Stora said,
that he has termed them “Sud-
isme à la Française.”
The parallel has its limits, but
it highlights how disputes over
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Protesters and the police clashed on Monday at a May Day demonstration against the country’s far-right candidate for president.
Jean-Marie Le Pen, the National Front founder and Marine Le Pen’s father, addressed supporters
on Monday in Paris at a rally celebrating Joan of Arc. Unions support voting against Ms. Le Pen.
tions could help Ms. Le Pen, espe-
cially if left-wing voters reluctant
to vote for Mr. Macron stay home
on Election Day. The latest polls
suggest that Mr. Macron could
beat Ms. Le Pen with roughly 60
percent of the vote in the second
round.
On Monday, Mr. Macron also
paid tribute to Brahim Bouarram,
a 29-year-old man who was killed
during a far-right demonstration
in Paris on May 1, 1995, by skin-
heads who pushed him off a
bridge and into the Seine. Mr.
the Algerian war’s legacy, while
often too painful to confront
directly, are reverberating in the
French presidential election,
which will end in a runoff on
Sunday.
‘It Was Algeria
That Was the Problem’
Nearly one million settlers,
known as pieds-noirs, fled Alge-
ria after the war. Many arrived in
southern towns where Ms. Le
Pen’s far-right National Front
today draws heavy support, and
that are dotted with gravestone-
like monuments to the lost terri-
tory. Schools across France are
required by law to teach the
benefits of French colonialism.
In conversation with voters in
the area, questions about seem-
ingly disparate topics of present-
day politics — immigration,
French republican values, the
struggle against anti-Semitism,
the rising support for the Na-
tional Front — all come back to
Algeria, as Mr. Stora suggested.
Christophe Tellier, a plumber
in the town of Fréjus, when
asked about immigration,
brought up the so-called harkis,
Algerians who fought alongside
the French military during the
war and who immigrated to
France afterward.
“It was Algeria that was the
problem,” Mr. Tellier said. “And
now the children of the harkis,
they are a problem.”
He added: “These immigrants,
I hope they won’t have all these
advantages that they have the
right to now. I hope they’ll be
taken away.”
Much as in the American
South, memory of defeat has
blurred with its present-day
social consequences. French
citizens lost their once-superior
status over Muslim and Arab
subjects, a transition that today
colors the debate over immigra-
tion and the treatment of
France’s Muslim communities.
Algeria, Mr. Stora said, has
become a way to express “nostal-
Bouarram’s son, who was 9 at the
time of his father’s death, joined
Mr. Macron as they laid flowers at
a memorial plaque.
It was the latest attempt by Mr.
Macron to draw attention to the
National Front’s anti-Semitic and
racist roots, from which Ms. Le
Pen has tried to distance herself.
Last Friday, Mr. Macron
traveled to Oradour-sur-Glane, a
village in central France where an
SS division killed 642 people in
1944; and on Sunday, he visited the
Shoah Memorial in Paris.
gia for a lost era, for an era when
there was a hierarchy based on
ethnicity.”
Terrence Peterson, a historian
at Florida International Univer-
sity, compared debates over
Algeria to those over the Confed-
erate flag in the United States.
“History is a way to talk about
France’s relationship with its
minority population,” Mr. Peter-
son said. “Like the Confederate
flag, it means very different
things to different people.”
For those who see immigration
or the European Union as an
assault on French identity, Alge-
ria provides a memory of a time
when France was great and a
way to argue against compromis-
ing that greatness ever again,
whether by bowing to the Euro-
pean Union or broadening
French identity to accept new-
comers.
Ms. Le Pen has skillfully
played on that nostalgia, saying
colonialism “brought a lot, espe-
cially to Algeria.”
After Emmanuel Macron, her
centrist opponent for the presi-
dency, called France’s actions in
Algeria a “crime against human-
ity” and “part of this past that we
must face” during a trip there, he
faced a chorus of criticism.
Gérald Darmanin, a mayor and
member of the center-right Re-
publicans, accused Mr. Macron of
“spitting on the graves” of those
who died in Algeria “for a France
they loved.”
Revolutionary France
Or Imperial France
The Algerian war divided
France between two visions of
the nation that play out in poli-
tics today, Mr. Stora said.
One vision defined France
through its revolutionary values,
particularly equality and liberty,
which many saw as in tension
with colonial rule.
The 130 years of rule in Algeria
culminated in an imperial iden-
tity that blended values like
secularism with nationalism and
CHRISTOPHE PETIT TESSON/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
GONZALO FUENTES/REUTERS
The National Front’s unsavory
past is embodied by Ms. Le Pen’s
88-year-old father and founder of
the party, who on Monday ad-
dressed a couple of hundred
supporters in Paris at a rally cele-
brating Joan of Arc.
Despite fears in Ms. Le Pen’s
entourage that her father might
make inflammatory remarks, Mr.
Le Pen stuck to fairly routine anti-
immigrant rhetoric and harsh
criticism of Mr. Macron.
“He talks about the future, but
he has no children; he talks about
the racial hierarchies of co-
lonialism.
The dispute over whether to
stay in Algeria brought France to
the brink of a civil war that was
averted by withdrawing from
North Africa. But the cultural
and identity issues were never
resolved
The divisions were deepened
by the sudden arrival of about
one million pieds-noirs and thou-
sands of harkis, followed by
more Algerians who went to
France to work. The ideological
conflict for French identity, far
from ended, was imported onto
French soil.
Jean-Yves Camus, an analyst
at the French Institute for Inter-
national and Strategic Affairs,
traced the National Front’s roots
to popular opposition to leaving
Algeria, culminating in a failed
coup by military leaders. Ms. Le
Pen’s father, Jean-Marie, who
founded the party, grew that
“spark” of far-right activity into
the National Front, Mr. Camus
said.
Integration and Core Values
Jennifer Sessions, a historian
at the University of Iowa, said
French far-right politicians used
the language of colonization to
talk about fears of immigration,
warning that France is at risk of
being “colonized” by immigrants.
The National Front also draws
subtle parallels between the
Algerian independence fighters
and disorder in immigrant neigh-
borhoods today.
The left also uses Algeria as a
metaphor, drawing a parallel
between colonial-era abuses and
the policing of Muslims today.
But the heat of those argu-
ments might obscure a deeper
problem: Debates over integra-
tion of immigrants cannot be
resolved without agreement over
the core values into which new
arrivals must integrate.
That question was raised in
Algeria, but never answered.
Some argued that Algerians
could integrate only if they gave
workers, but he’s a former banker
at Rothschild; he wants to revital-
ize the economy, but he’s one of
those who dynamited it,” Mr. Le
Pen said.
Ms. Le Pen, who announced last
week that she would name a for-
mer right-wing rival prime min-
ister if elected, said on Monday at
a campaign rally near Paris that
Mr. Macron was the candidate of
“finance” and that he was an “ad-
versary of the people.”
“I will be a president who pro-
tects,” Ms. Le Pen told her cheer-
ing supporters.
Manon Bouquin, 24, a Le Pen
supporter at the rally, said she be-
lieved Ms. Le Pen could win on
Sunday.
“Whatever the outcome, every-
thing will have changed, and it
was interesting to see people in
the establishment of 40 years fi-
nally getting worried,” Ms.
Bouquin said.
Ms. Le Pen has campaigned on
an anti-elite, anti-immigration
and anti-European Union plat-
form that has tapped into deep
frustration about unemployment,
especially among the working
class.
Even some Macron supporters
at his rally said that, though they
believed in his ability to win, they
worried about his ability to unite
disenchanted voters beyond their
rejection of the far right.
“There are a lot of people who
think that it is mostly important to
vote against Marine Le Pen,” said
Elfayed Sagaf, 18, a student who
was holding a banner supporting
En Marche!, Mr. Macron’s move-
ment. “I would have preferred
more votes of support.”
up their faith and culture, others
that French Christians would
have to widen their sense of
identity to make room, and oth-
ers still that France was only for
the French.
This disagreement continues
to divide French politics, though
they are now argued in the sub-
tler language of integration and
secularism.
“Marine Le Pen uses the vo-
cabulary of the Republic, but in a
colonial sense,” Mr. Stora said,
referring to colonial-era de-
mands that Algerians make
themselves culturally French.
The effect, he said, is still that
outsiders “cannot access the
Republic.”
A Divided Right
When Charles de Gaulle, the
nationalist president, withdrew
from Algeria in defeat in 1962, he
opened a divide between the
French center right and far right
that never closed.
De Gaulle’s enormous popular-
ity led center-right voters to
support him in abandoning Alge-
ria. But the far right never for-
gave him.
“They wanted to kill de Gaulle,
physically,” Mr. Stora said of the
far right in the early 1960s.
“There were four assassination
attempts against him.”
Ever since, mainstream poli-
ticians have struggled to recon-
cile national grievance over
Algeria with the establishment
position that de Gaulle was cor-
rect to withdraw.
The National Front, long one of
Europe’s most popular far-right
parties, thrived by taking up that
French nationalism as its own.
This anger echoes Continent-
wide populist rage at the Euro-
pean Union and at elites who are
said to have sold out the people.
But it has been particularly loud
in France, amplified by lingering
humiliation and nostalgia over a
national identity that is said to
have been lost in a stretch of
North Africa that was once
French.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N A7

Mob in India Kills 2 Muslim Teenagers Accused of Stealing Cow
By HARI KUMAR
NEW DELHI — Villagers in the
northeastern Indian state of As-
sam beat to death two Muslim
teenagers they suspected of steal-
ing cows, the latest in a string of
mob assaults in the country.
A police official said the
teenagers had been spotted unty-
ing two cows in a pasture on Sun-
day. When the owner shouted
“Thieves, thieves,” a crowd of sev-
eral hundred villagers gathered
and began beating the youths.
When the teenagers, identified
as Riazuddin Ali, 18, and Abu Han-
ifa, 16, broke free and tried to flee,
the crowd chased them for a mile
and a half, the police official, De-
baraj Upadhay, chief of Nagaon
District, said.
Raham Ali, Mr. Ali’s father, said
his son was an auto rickshaw
Muslims in India have
been the subject of
attacks by groups
protecting cows.
driver and had left that day to go
fishing. Faizul Islam, Mr. Hanifa’s
father, said his son sold vegetables
for a living.
“He was not doing anything ille-
gal,” Mr. Islam said. “If he was do-
ing anything illegal, they should
have handed him over to the po-
lice. Why did they kill him? My
son was innocent, and the other
boy was innocent.”
Jaynal Abidin, chief of the vil-
lage, said neither of the teenagers
had a criminal record.
News footage showed the two
Halima Khatun, center, the mother of one of the teenagers beaten to death by villagers, received medical treatment on Monday.
lying in a field, surrounded by
men carrying sticks and belts. Po-
lice officers arrived on the scene
and took the youths to a govern-
ment hospital nearby.
One was dead on arrival and the
other died minutes after arriving,
said Pinaki Chakraborty, a police
officer who took the two to the
hospital.
Dr. Devajit Medhi, who at-
tended to the victims, said they
had injuries to their heads, stom-
achs and legs, and were bleeding
profusely. He said it appeared the
two had been beaten with blunt
objects.
Over the last two years, Mus-
lims in India have been attacked
in a series of similar episodes, of-
ten by “cow protection” groups
who said they had caught Mus-
lims transporting the animals, le-
gally or illegally. Hindus consider
cows sacred, and they have some-
times accused Muslims of killing
the animals.
Mr. Upadhay said the assailants
on Sunday were neither cow
ANUPAM NATH/ASSOCIATED PRESS
vigilantes nor motivated by reli-
gious concerns, but had simply
believed the young men were
thieves.
“They should have caught them
and handed them over to police,”
he said. “We would have rewarded
them. But now a crime has been
committed and police will ensure
justice to the victims.”
Pompeo Visits
South Korea
At Tense Time
By CHOE SANG-HUN
SEOUL, South Korea — The
C.I.A. director, Mike Pompeo,
visited the South Korean capital
on Monday amid heightened ten-
sions with North Korea, and about
a week before South Koreans vote
for a new president, an embassy
spokesman said on Monday.
Mr. Pompeo, traveling with his
wife, was in Seoul to meet with
American diplomats and military
officials, said the embassy spokes-
man, Daniel Turnbull. The C.I.A.
chief had no meetings scheduled
with officials from the South Kore-
an president’s office, Mr. Turnbull
said, or with any of the candidates
vying to succeed Park Geun-hye,
who was impeached for corrup-
tion in December and removed
from office in March.
South Koreans will go to the
polls to choose a new president on
May 9.
Mr. Pompeo’s visit drew atten-
tion from the South Korean news
media at a time of increasing anxi-
ety on the Korean Peninsula over
the North’s nuclear ambitions and
increased ballistic missile activity.
North Korea carried out a mis-
sile test on Saturday that failed,
the second consecutive failed test
in the last two weeks. The projec-
tile fired on Saturday — it was not
clear what type of missile it was —
exploded minutes after liftoff.
News reports in South Korea
speculated about which senior
South Korean officials Mr. Pom-
peo might be meeting with on his
visit to discuss the North’s nuclear
and missile abilities. The embassy
did not disclose further details of
Mr. Pompeo’s trip.
The North Korean missile test
took place as the United States
aircraft carrier Carl Vinson was
sailing into Korean waters to con-

British Leader Is Said to Be in ‘Different Galaxy’ Over Split With E.U.
By STEVEN ERLANGER
LONDON — No one expects ne-
gotiations over Britain’s exit from
the European Union to go
smoothly over the next two years,
but a German newspaper’s ac-
count of a dinner last Wednesday
between the British prime min-
ister, Theresa May, and senior Eu-
ropean Union officials suggests
that round one, at least, was par-
ticularly discordant.
On Sunday, the German news-
paper, Frankfurter Allgemeine
Sonntagszeitung, ran an article,
clearly leaked by officials in the
European Commission, that de-
scribed a considerable gulf be-
tween Mrs. May, who called for a
snap election on June 8, and Jean-
Claude Juncker, the president of
the commission, as well as the
bloc’s chief negotiator on Britain’s
exit, Michel Barnier.
According to the German news-
paper and some from Britain, like
The Sunday Times of London, Mr.
A dinner reveals a gulf
between Britain and
Europe over ‘Brexit’
negotiations.
Juncker came away believing that
Mrs. May was not just in “a state
of denial,” but in “a different
galaxy,” as he was said to have re-
ported in an early morning tele-
phone call the next day to Chan-
cellor Angela Merkel of Germany.
The paper reported that Mrs.
May said at one point, “Let’s make
Brexit a success.” Mr. Juncker
was said to have replied, “Brexit
cannot be a success.”
Mrs. May was said to have
called for working on a trade deal
simultaneously with talks on
Britain’s exit, arguing that since
Britain is already a member and
merely wants to leave, a trade
deal should be much easier to
complete.
Mr. Juncker somewhat theatri-
cally dismissed the idea, reaching
into his bag and pulling out two
big stacks of paper: Croatia’s Eu-
ropean Union entry deal and
Canada’s free-trade pact, all 2,250
pages of it.
The two sides also differed on
duct a joint naval exercise with
South Korea. North Korea, which
condemns the drill as a rehearsal
the question of how much Britain anteeing the rights of citizens of consider the complications of pen- as the various newspaper ac- for invasion, has threatened to
will have to pay as part of the “di- European Union member states sions, legal rights and the right to counts prove, leaks will be numer- turn the carrier into a “giant heap
of scrap metal” and “bury it in the
vorce settlement,” with Mrs. May living in Britain; settling the di- health care. ous in any case.
reportedly saying it owes nothing sea.” South Korean and American
vorce bill; and safeguarding the The issue is especially compli- While the dinner was about
because there is no mention of officials have warned that the
1998 Good Friday Agreement. cated because Mrs. May wants opening stances in the talks, the North could be preparing to con-
such payments in the European Mrs. May, who wants to resolve the exit to end the jurisdiction in gaps reportedly made Mr. duct its sixth nuclear test.
Union’s founding treaties. speedily the post-exit status of Britain of the European Court of Juncker more skeptical that a deal In recent weeks, Vice President
Mr. Juncker was said to have re- member-state citizens in Britain Justice, but it is that court that could be done in two years, before Mike Pence, Secretary of State
plied that without a payment and British citizens in the bloc, currently settles legal disputes Britain leaves the bloc, making a Rex W. Tillerson and Defense Sec-
there would be no trade deal. suggested the issue could be set- among member states. “hard Brexit” more likely. “I leave retary Jim Mattis have made sep-
Ms. Merkel was concerned tled at a summit meeting at the Britain also wants complete se- Downing Street 10 times as skepti- arate trips to Seoul reaffirming an
enough to issue a strong state- end of June. Mr. Juncker and his crecy for the negotiations, which cal as I was before” about a deal, alliance with South Korea under
ment to the Bundestag, the lower top officials considered that time- Brussels believes violates the Mr. Juncker reportedly told Mrs. President Trump in the face of
house of Parliament, on Thursday, table unworkable given what they principle of transparency — and May as he left the dinner. growing North Korean threats.
saying that Britain can work out a
new relationship with the Euro-
pean Union only after it leaves. “I
must say this clearly here because
I get the feeling that some people
in Britain still have illusions —
that would be wasted time,” she
warned.
She added: “We can only do an
agreement on the future relation-
ship with Britain when all ques-
tions about its exit have been
cleared up satisfactorily,” while
pointing out that serious negotia-
tions could not start until after the
British elections in June.
The reports on Sunday were de-
tailed enough — and one-sided
enough — that officials at 10
Downing Street issued an official
statement on Monday, a holiday in
Britain, rejecting the German
newspaper’s version. “We do not
recognize this account,” the state-
ment said. “As the prime minister
and Jean-Claude Juncker made
clear, this was a constructive
meeting ahead of the negotiations
formally getting underway.”
On Sunday, on television news
talk shows, Mrs. May acknowl-
edged that the talks would be diffi-
cult but said to the BBC, “I’m not
in a different galaxy, but I think
what this shows, and what some of
the other comments we’ve seen
coming from European leaders
shows, is that there are going to be
times when these negotiations are
going to be tough.”
She insisted that Britain could
secure a comprehensive trade
deal with the European Union
alongside the divorce negotia-
tions and complete everything in
two years, with an “implementa-
tion period.”
Brussels officials regard that as
unrealistic and point to the bloc’s
“Brexit” negotiating guidelines,
which mandate that talks on a fu-
ture relationship can begin only
after “sufficient progress” has
been on three major issues: guar-

ANDY RAIN/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY

Prime Minister Theresa May of Britain and Jean-Claude

Juncker, president of the European Commission, last week.
A8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Trump’s Volatility Has Australians Worrying Over Risk of Ties to the U.S.
From Page A1
military alliance faces a new chal-
lenge: the risk that President
Trump will draw the nation into a
conflict or other unexpected crisis
that destabilizes the region,
angers its trading partners or
forces it to side with either the
United States or China.
“The question is: What might
America drag Australia into?”
said Ashley Townshend, a re-
search fellow at the United States
Studies Center at the University
of Sydney. “That’s a very scary
thought for Australians, many of
whom perceive Donald Trump to
be an erratic and highly self-inter-
ested commander in chief.”
Mr. Trump has already embar-
rassed Australia once, with an
abrupt phone call to Mr. Turnbull
that seemed to dismiss Australia’s
historic role as a friend who often
gives more than it gets. Now his
unpredictable approach is fueling
a national debate about
Australia’s relationship with the
world, and especially the United
States. Last week, Paul Keating, a
prime minister during the Clinton
years, reignited discussion by ar-
guing that Australia must end its
status as a “client state.”
Australia is essentially caught
between two powers: China, its
largest trading partner, and the
United States, its faithful ally, with
a military connection that has
been strengthened by the wars in
Iraq and Afghanistan and more
recent agreements to gradually
expand the American footprint in
Darwin.
What Australia and the United
States are now trying to work out
is how to manage that military
momentum in an increasingly
tense part of the world. If the mili-
tary is a hammer in the Trump
era, at what point does every dis-
pute start to look like a nail?
“It’s always important that
there’s a balance between the mili-
tary and the diplomatic — be-
cause of the scale of the military,”
Mr. Keating said in an interview.
“In both economic terms and in
strategic terms, they squeeze di-
plomacy out.”
Darwin, a humid, crocodile-in-
fested coastal city at the northern
end of this vast country, captures
the past, present and future of
Australia’s alliance with the
United States.
Japan attacked the city on Feb.
19, 1942, killing 235 people, and
residents are quick to point out
Eric Schmitt contributed reporting
from Washington.
United States Marines marched in Darwin on Anzac Day, a holiday honoring Australians and New Zealanders who died in battle.
that the raids were led by the
same commander responsible for
the attack on Pearl Harbor 10
weeks earlier.
Within a few months, Darwin
became a hub for counterstrikes
from bombers flown by Ameri-
cans. A pocket guide for arriving
American troops set the tone:
“You’re going to meet a people
who like Americans and whom
you will like.”
During the Cold War, the rela-
tionship expanded.
Kim Beazley, a former defense
minister and ambassador to the
United States, cited the rise dur-
ing the 1960s of three joint installa-
tions to maintain contact with
American submarines in the Indi-
an Ocean and provide infrared de-
tection of Soviet capabilities, in-
creasing the warning time for a
potential Soviet strike to 30 min-
utes from 15.
Those installations and the
ones that followed — especially
Pine Gap, a joint Australian-
American spy base that helps pro-
vide battlefield intelligence and
early warnings for missile
launches around the world — “are
never talked about, but they’re re-
ally the guts of the alliance,” Mr.
Beazley said.
On the ground in countries like
Iraq and Afghanistan, Australian
troops are also peers in battle, said
Lt. Col. Brian S. Middleton, com-
manding officer of the Third Bat-
talion, Fourth Marines — the
American unit that just moved
into Darwin for six months of
training with the Australians.
As part of the American pivot to
Asia, the long-term plan, negotiat-
ed under the Obama administra-
tion, is to send up to 2,500 Marines
to Darwin — the largest deploy-
ment of United States forces to
Australia since World War II. “It’ll
make us more effective in what-
ever conflict we end up serving in
together,” said Kelly Magsamen,
the Pentagon’s top Asia-Pacific
policy official at the end of the
Obama administration.
Other American officials said
that in space, missile defense and
cyberwarfare, the Australians are
all in. Australia is working with
the United States to relocate a
special radar that helps better
track satellites. The Australian
military is also making a big push
in innovation in undersea warfare
PHOTOGRAPHS BY DAVID DARE PARKER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
and drones in the air and under-
water.
And in many cases, that means
purchases of American equip-
ment. An Australian defense plan-
ning report last year laid out a $20
billion increase in the annual mili-
tary budget by 2025, including
money for fighter jets, surveil-
lance technology, submarines,
surface ships and other equip-
ment.
Australians are embedded at
every level of the American mili-
tary. Australian Air Commodore
Phillip Champion’s story is com-
mon: He first worked with the
Americans as a young pilot in the
early ’80s, flying surveillance air-
craft, and later as a commander
all over the world, including Af-
ghanistan.
“We’ve grown up together,” he
said in an interview by phone
from Hawaii, where he has been
posted to the United States Pacific
Command since January. “We
trust each other and know we can
operate together.”
Still, there have been chal-
lenges. In a discussion last year
about the cost of the Marines in
Darwin, the Australians came in
with a data-heavy presentation
asserting that United States Ma-
rines eat more than typical
Australian soldiers, and therefore
strain sewage systems more, and
argued that the Americans should
An Anzac Day tradition: Red poppies are handed out to a crowd to place on memorials.
Japanese Warship Escorts U.S. Supply Ship
By MOTOKO RICH
TOKYO — A Japanese warship
accompanied a United States
Navy supply ship on Monday on
its way to join an American air-
craft carrier and three other war-
ships in a strike force that entered
the Sea of Japan over the week-
end.
The group is meant to send a
powerful deterrent signal to
North Korea at a time of mounting
tensions on the Korean Peninsula
over the North’s advancing nucle-
ar program.
Japan’s action is a sign of its ex-
panding military presence in the
region. It is particularly signifi-
cant because it represents the
first time a warship is being used
to aid an allied force since the
country’s Parliament passed leg-
islation authorizing overseas
combat missions.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
fought a hard political battle to
push through those security laws
two years ago, and they remain
contentious in a country that has
considered its postwar pacifism a
deeply embedded part of its iden-
tity.
The Japan Maritime Self-De-
fense Force sent the Izumo, a heli-
copter carrier, on Monday morn-
ing from a base in Yokosuka,
pay more of the costs of improving
wastewater lines on military
bases. The proposal stunned even
the lead Australian negotiators,
who quickly dropped it, according
to American defense officials.
The toughest issues have in-
volved China, the crucial lever of
influence with North Korea and
the region. Some American offi-
cials have urged Australia to en-
gage in robust freedom-of-naviga-
tion operations in the South China
Sea, where China has set up bases
on disputed islands, but the
Australians have resisted.
Last year, American officials
also expressed alarm about a port
in Darwin that local officials
leased to a Chinese company for
$361 million, possibly making it
easier to collect intelligence on
American and Australian forces
stationed nearby.
“China is the elephant in the
room for both of us,” Ms.
Magsamen said. “We need to have
a more frank and structured dis-
cussion amongst ourselves about
how to manage that relationship.”
Allan Gyngell, who ran
Australia’s intelligence agency
from 2009 to 2013, argues in a new
book, “Fear of Abandonment,”
that Australia’s foreign policy is
still driven by worries about being
left isolated, without the promise
of security from a powerful friend:
first Britain, now the United
southwest of Tokyo. The base is
also home to the American air-
craft carrier Reagan.
“It is extremely significant to
show that the deterrent force and
readiness of the Japan-U.S. secu-
rity alliance are powerful,” said
Fumio Kishida, Japan’s foreign
minister, in remarks to reporters
in Turkmenistan, where he was at-
tending talks with his counter-
parts from several Central Asian
countries.
Under Japan’s new security
laws, the country may engage in
“collective self-defense,” meaning
its military forces may guard the
ships or weapons of United States
The Izumo, a Japanese helicopter carrier, on Monday accompa-
nied a United States Navy ship on its way to join a strike force.
States.
Mr. Keating, the former prime
minister, is among those urging a
more independent foreign policy
in which Australia accepts China
as the region’s dominant power.
In the discussion last week at
the Lowy Institute, a think tank in
Sydney, Mr. Keating said Austral-
ia should say no to the United
States more often — as France
and Canada do — especially on is-
sues that affect Australia’s rela-
tionship with China.
Those who reject this argument
include John Howard, the prime
minister who followed Mr. Keat-
ing and was in Washington on
Sept. 11, 2001. In an interview at his
modest office, with worn carpets
and military memorabilia, Mr.
Howard warned against being
“mesmerized by China” and said
his Liberal Party, which is the
more conservative of the coun-
try’s two largest parties, had
“pulled off the daily double.”
“We deepened our relationship
with the U.S. — and China became
our biggest customer,” he said.
He added that too many
Australians were jumping to con-
clusions about President Trump.
“He’s different,” Mr. Howard said.
“Whether he’s good different or
bad different is not the point; the
world has to get used to him.”
In Darwin too, there are divi-
sions. Luke Bowen, who heads an
economic development agency
for the Northern Territory, which
includes Darwin, would like to see
even more American troops and
equipment move in to the area,
possibly from the Philippines.
“It’s a priority for us to make the
fit as comfortable as possible,” he
said. “It’s not just about the
Australian presence. It’s about the
combined presence.”
But Justin Tutty, who works
with a watchdog group that moni-
tors the impact of the American
Marines, said he was worried
about “a one-sided relationship”
in which the Americans lay out the
priorities.
“The overinvestment in ‘inter-
operability’ ties us closer to our
larger foreign partner’s attack for-
mation, and reduces our capacity
to act, relate and think in-
dependently,” he said.
Last week for Anzac Day, com-
memorating Australians and New
Zealanders who died in battle,
American Marines and Australian
soldiers marched through Dar-
win’s streets together. Later, there
were friendly games of rugby, and
infantrymen shared war stories.
“The Australians have been
fighting in the same places we’ve
fought for over 100 years,” said
Colonel Middleton of the Marines.
“When we operate with the
Australians, we learn as much
from them as they learn from us.”
forces when Americans are in-
volved in the defense of Japan.
The laws were largely seen as a
first step by Mr. Abe to expand the
country’s military power and,
eventually, overturn the clause in
the country’s postwar Constitu-
tion that calls for the complete re-
nunciation of war.
The Japanese public is deeply
divided over whether to modern-
ize the Constitution to allow for
more military activity. A poll pub-
lished on Monday by Kyodo News
showed that respondents were
nearly equally split on the ques-
tion of whether that pacifist clause
should be revised.
KYODO NEWS, VIA REUTERS

Hamas Moderates Extreme Stances in a Bid to Gain Ground Against Fatah
From Page A1
“Whether it’s a coincidence or
it’s connected, I have one thing to
say: The Palestinian leadership is
afraid of this Hamas moderation,”
said Mkhaimar Abusada, a po-
litical scientist at Al-Azhar Uni-
versity-Gaza. “Because the P.A.
and Fatah are afraid that by this
moderation, Hamas presents it-
self as the true representation of
the Palestinian people,” he said,
referring to the Palestinian Au-
thority.
The official release came at a
telling time and place: Hamas of-
ficials, normally secretive, held
several events on Monday in
Doha, the capital of Qatar, an
American ally that would play a
crucial role in a deal between the
Israelis and Palestinians, which
Mr. Trump is pushing.
Mr. Abbas was scheduled to
meet with Mr. Trump in Washing-
ton on Wednesday as the sole rep-
resentative of the Palestinian peo-
ple.
Experts on all sides of the com-
plex struggle here say the new
document is unlikely to represent
any profound change in Hamas’s
true position toward Israel. The
group recently chose a hard-liner,
Yehya Sinwar, as its new leader in
Gaza, and it has still in no way rec-
ognized Israel or renounced vio-
lence.
Prime Minister Benjamin Ne-
tanyahu of Israel quickly de-
nounced the move. “Hamas’s doc-
ument is a smoke screen,” he said
in a statement. “We see Hamas
continuing to invest all of its re-
sources not just in preparing for
war with Israel, but also in educat-
ing the children of Gaza to want to
destroy Israel.”
Hamas is still considered a ter-
rorist group by much of the West,
including the United States, a sta-
tus that has led to its exclusion
from wider international talks
about the Palestinians’ future.
Fawzi Barhoum, a Hamas
spokesman in Gaza, said the
group had to move beyond its
original charter to achieve its
goals. “The document gives us a
chance to connect with the outside
world,” he said. “To the world, our
message is: Hamas is not radical.
We are a pragmatic and civilized
movement. We do not hate the
Jews. We only fight who occupies
our lands and kills our people.”
The document is a distillation of
various public statements over
the years signaling an attempt by
Hamas to appear more pragmatic
since it seized broad control of
Gaza in 2007, after winning parlia-
mentary elections a year earlier.
Four years in the drafting, the
document represents the consen-
Majd Al Waheidi contributed re-
porting from Gaza, and Declan
Walsh from Cairo.
Syrian Nerve Gas Attack That Led to Missile Strike Appears to Be One of a Series
By ANNE BARNARD
BEIRUT, Lebanon — Last
month’s chemical weapons attack
on a rebel-held Syrian town may
have caught the world’s — and
President Trump’s — attention,
but it was not the only recent sus-
pected use of a nerve agent by
Syrian government forces.
On three other occasions in the
months leading up to the attack on
the town of Khan Sheikhoun, wit-
nesses, doctors and human rights
investigators say, government at-
tacks left scores of people sick-
ened with similar symptoms, like
foaming at the mouth, shaking
and paralysis — including two at-
tacks in December, little noticed at
the time, that killed at least 64 peo-
ple.
New information about the ad-
ditional attacks appears in a Hu-
man Rights Watch report released
Monday, bolstering New York
Times reporting on those
episodes and placing Khan
Sheikhoun in the context of wider
evidence that the Syrian govern-
ment continues to use chemical
weapons despite its 2013 agree-
ment to give them up.
Despite the missile strike Mr.
Trump ordered on the Syrian mili-
tary airfield he said was the
source of the Khan Sheikhoun at-
tack, Syrian forces are doubling
down on tactics that constitute
war crimes, including bombing
hospitals and rescue and medical
workers and using chemical
weapons, according to the report
and other witness accounts.
The Syrian government and its
main ally, Russia, deny that it uses
such tactics.
At a news conference held at
United Nations headquarters in
New York to release the report’s
findings, the executive director of
Human Rights Watch, Kenneth
Roth, ridiculed what he described
as “preposterous” assertions by
the Syrian and Russian govern-
ments denying responsibility.
Mr. Roth said it was time for
them “to stop these transparently
false diversionary claims and
Reporting was contributed by
Karam Shoumali from Istanbul,
Maher Samaan from Paris,
Hwaida Saad from Beirut,
Malachy Browne and Rick Glad-
stone from New York, and Somini
Sengupta from the United Nations.
The Qassam Brigades, the armed wing of the Hamas movement, in the Gaza Strip last year. The rivalry of Hamas and Fatah has hobbled the peace process.
sus of Hamas’s top leadership.
The paper calls for Hamas to
distance itself from the Muslim
Brotherhood in an effort to build
stronger ties with Egypt, which
controls the Gaza Strip’s southern
border. It reiterates the Hamas
leadership’s view that it is open to
a Palestinian state along the bor-
ders established after the 1967
war, though it does not renounce
future claims to Palestinian rule
over what is now Israel. And the
group specifically weakened lan-
guage from its 1988 charter pro-
claiming Jews as enemies and
comparing their views to Nazism,
though the new document does
not replace the original charter.
“Hamas does not wage a strug-
gle against the Jews because they
are Jewish, but wages a struggle
against the Zionists who occupy
Palestine,” the new document
states.
Mr. Abbas is increasingly un-
popular at home, though he is the
recognized conduit to the wider
world, and the race for succession
is clearly heating up. And while
Inspecting damage to a hospital in the area of Aleppo, Syria, last year. Human Rights Watch and
witnesses said Syrian forces were increasingly relying on tactics such as the bombing of hospitals.
come clean.”
He also said the pattern of at-
tacks as described in the Human
Rights Watch report amounted to
“a level of culpability and horror
that cries out for prosecution.”
So far, Russia has used its Secu-
rity Council veto to block investi-
gations of war crimes in Syria in
the International Criminal Court.
But even without a Security Coun-
cil referral to the court, an ac-
countability mechanism created
last year by the General Assembly
can be used to look into the allega-
tions. United Nations officials told
reporters on Monday in New York
and Geneva that the work could
begin soon, and that member
states have raised half of the re-
quired $13 million initial budget.
Mr. Roth expressed impatience
for the secretary general, António
Guterres, to appoint a prosecutor,
but Mr. Guterres’s spokesman,
Stephane Dujarric, said the
process was underway, adding, “I
don’t think the secretary general
is dragging his feet.”
On Saturday, an attack on a
headquarters of the White Hel-
mets civil defense rescue group in
the town of Kafr Zita killed eight of
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
the well-trained Palestinian Au-
thority security forces have kept a
tight check on Hamas in the West
Bank, Fatah always fears support
or action waiting in the wings.
In Fatah, Marwan Barghouti, a
popular figure among Palestin-
ians who is serving five life sen-
tences for murders in the second
intifada, is leading a hunger strike
in Israeli jails, now two weeks old,
that some experts say is aimed at
raising his credibility as a leader.
Mr. Trump has expressed a de-
sire for a peace process that
brings in Sunni Arab nations
aligned against Shiite Iran, itself
allied with Hamas, even as Hamas
seeks to become closer to those
same Sunni nations.
“The P.A. and Hamas compete
to get embraced by Egypt, Saudi
Arabia and the rest of the Arab
states, but it seems the Arab em-
brace is not enough for two wom-
en,” said Fayez Abu Shamala, a
Palestinian writer and political
analyst close to Hamas.
The new document, however,
reveals a greater pragmatism and
A child being treated for respiratory distress in Aleppo in De-
cember after what may have been airstrikes using chlorine gas.
its members, the group and other
witnesses say. And medical orga-
nizations working in Syria have
tallied 10 government attacks in
April alone on hospitals and clin-
ics in rebel-held areas, part of a
pattern of hundreds of attacks on
medical workers and facilities
that United Nations investigators
have described as war crimes.
willingness to engage with the
outside world, he said. “Hamas
will be an influential political body
in the next phase.”
In Israel, which has fought
three wars with Hamas since
2008, the document was greeted
with skepticism.
“Not even one mind” will be
changed in Israel, said Yossi Ku-
perwasser, a retired Israeli briga-
dier general who led the army’s
research arm. “Nobody will be af-
fected by this.”
Mr. Kuperwasser called it a
“sugarcoating” of old positions
that did not renounce Hamas’s
original charter and did not recog-
nize Israel’s right to exist. He did
say, however, that it could be prob-
lematic for Mr. Abbas because the
Palestinian Authority and Hamas
platforms appear to be growing
closer.
In the document, Hamas reit-
erates that Palestinians who fled
or were expelled during wars with
Israelis have the right to return —
largely a nonstarter in successive
peace negotiations with Israel.
ABDALRHMAN ISMAIL/REUTERS
GHIRH SY/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
Human Rights Watch corrobo-
rated claims of two suspected
nerve gas attacks on Dec. 12 that
initially went relatively unno-
ticed. This was in part because
they took place when the world’s
attention was focused on the bat-
tle over Aleppo, and in part be-
cause of the difficulty of verifying
information in the Islamic State-
SAID KHATIB/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
And it does not renounce vio-
lence; “resistance” continues to
be a main source of strength and
credibility.
“Hamas rejects any attempt to
undermine the resistance and its
arms. It also affirms the right of
our people to develop the means
and mechanisms of resistance,”
the document says. “Hamas con-
firms that the resistance leader-
ship can decide the level of resist-
ance and can utilize a variety of
the different tools and ways to ad-
ministrate the conflict, without
compromising the resistance.”
In distancing itself from the
Muslim Brotherhood, analysts
said, Hamas was likely to improve
its often-strained relationship
with Egypt, even if it was unlikely
to open the border between Egypt
and Gaza for trade.
“It’s a huge step for Hamas, but
I think they should temper their
expectations about the reaction
from the Egyptians,” said Abdel-
rahman Ayyash, a researcher on
Islamist movements who is based
in Istanbul.
held areas where they occurred.
Medical organizations and so-
cial media accounts that day
shared images of dead children
bearing no visible wounds, as if
sleeping, like those killed by a
nerve agent in Khan Sheikhoun
and in 2013 attacks near Da-
mascus. But because people can
be killed for sharing information
online from Islamic State-con-
trolled areas, it was difficult to
verify them at the time.
Human Rights Watch said its in-
vestigators interviewed four
residents by telephone and two
medics through intermediaries. It
said they gave consistent ac-
counts of chemical weapons at-
tacks in two villages in eastern
Hama Province, amid clashes be-
tween government and Islamic
State forces, that killed residents
sheltering in caves and in their
homes.
The report also provides new
details about the Khan Sheikhoun
attack, as well as about an in-
tensifying series of recent govern-
ment bombings and shelling ille-
gally using chlorine gas, with bar-
rels dropped from helicopters
and, in a new method, with impro-
vised ground-to-ground missiles.
In those cases, too, the findings
coincide with accounts residents
and witnesses gave to The Times
and with a Times analysis of pub-
lic information online.
Human Rights Watch corrobo-
rated eight chlorine attacks this
year, out of a larger number re-
ported by residents. Possession of
chlorine, unlike sarin, is not illegal
under international law, but its
use as a weapon is. The attacks
took place in areas where govern-
ment forces were clashing with
rebel forces, near the cities of Da-
mascus and Hama.
The intense battles around
Hama led to three attacks, two be-
lieved to be with chlorine and one
believed to be with a nerve agent,
in the two weeks before the Khan
Sheikhoun attack. All of them
were in al-Lataminah, a town in
Hama Province between Khan
Sheikhoun and the front line.
On March 25, ordnance crashed
through the roof of a clinic that, be-
cause of previous attacks, had
been reinforced with a metal roof
covered with earth. Yellowish gas
smelling of bleach filled the facili-
N A9
Under President Abdel Fattah
el-Sisi, Egypt frequently accuses
Hamas of aiding Islamist mili-
tants in attacks against Egyptian
security forces in Sinai and
Egypt’s main cities. Egyptian se-
curity officials and pro-govern-
ment news outlets accuse Hamas,
often without proof, of providing
militants with training and guns.
At the same time, Egyptian in-
telligence has quietly renewed its
relationship with Hamas in recent
years, in an effort to secure Sinai
and to bolster Egypt’s role as a
mediator in the Israel-Palestine
conflict.
Before Mr. Abbas’s visit to
Washington, the Egyptians are
keen to establish their role as po-
tential peacemakers. After a
meeting between Mr. Sisi and Mr.
Abbas in Cairo on Saturday, the
Egyptian president’s office issued
a statement that noted Egypt’s
“pivotal role” and urged Palestin-
ian unity as “essential to put an
end to the plight of the Palestinian
people.”
ty, killing a doctor, Ali Darwish, as
he performed surgery, as well as
his patient and another person,
according to the Human Rights
Watch report and other witnesses.
On April 3, munitions with a simi-
lar smell again hit the village, in-
juring at least a dozen.
On March 30, a bomb fell with-
out the usual intense explosion —
chemical weapons typically con-
tain a smaller explosive charge, to
disperse but not destroy the agent
— injuring 169 people, many but
not all of them believed to be com-
batants. They reported symptoms
similar to those from a nerve
agent, including pupils con-
stricted to pinpoints.
In the Dec. 12 attacks, two vil-
lages, Jrouh and al-Salaliyah,
were hit, Human Rights Watch
said. It quoted a Jrouh resident
who said he found his wife, three
children, brother, brother’s wife
and brother’s three children dead
in his basement. He said his neigh-
bors, his uncle and the families of
his uncle’s two sons also died.
“Everyone within 100 meters
died,” he told the rights group.
“There was no one left.” He buried
his family and fled, and was inter-
viewed by Human Rights Watch
after finding refuge outside Is-
lamic State territory.
Human Rights Watch inter-
viewed 32 residents of Khan
Sheikhoun and reviewed avail-
able evidence, corroborating pre-
vious accounts that one bomb con-
taining a chemical agent fell after
a warplane passed over before 7
a.m. on April 4, followed by three
or four explosive bombs dropped
in a second bombing run.
It found that bomb fragments
from the scene of the suspected
chemical bomb matched those of a
Soviet-made munition that deliv-
ers sarin, the KhAB-250.
Human Rights Watch said it
found no evidence for the version
of events provided by Russia: that
government warplanes bombed a
warehouse holding chemical
agents stored by rebel groups.
Corroborating reporting by The
Times and The Guardian, it found
that the only buildings near the
small crater left by the suspected
chemical bomb were abandoned,
sustained no new damage, and
were open to the air and could not
have concealed a chemical
weapons store.
A10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Insurer Threatens to Sue Chinese Magazine Over Critical Article Gay Rights
By CHRIS BUCKLEY
BEIJING — Wu Xiaohui, the
Chinese tycoon who was in failed
talks with President Trump’s son-
in-law, Jared Kushner, to buy into
a skyscraper project in Manhat-
tan, is fighting allegations of fi-
nancial chicanery and has
threatened to sue a Chinese maga-
zine that examined his company’s
labyrinthine funding.
The Anbang Insurance Group,
which Mr. Wu controls as presi-
dent and chief executive, said on
Sunday that it would take legal ac-
tion against Caixin Media and its
editor in chief, Hu Shuli, after
Caixin Weekly magazine ques-
tioned whether Anbang was as fi-
nancially robust as the company
claimed.
“Anbang’s shareholder struc-
ture is like a maze,” Caixin said in
an article published online on Sat-
urday and in print on Monday. It
said that Anbang’s meteoric
growth and acquisitions raised
suspicions of financial sleight of
hand, including capital injections
coming from companies linked to
Mr. Wu.
“The left hand has been helping
the right hand to inflate capital,”
the article said.
Anbang hit back with its own in-
cendiary accusations. Caixin is a
widely respected economics
weekly, and its findings echoed an
extensive report on Anbang by
The New York Times last year. But
Anbang suggested on Sunday that
Caixin had published its report af-
ter failing to squeeze advertising
orders and other contributions
from Anbang.
According to Anbang, Caixin
falsely claimed that Mr. Wu had
married three times and “made a
series of smears and slanders
against our company’s legitimate
business activities.” The marriage
allegation appeared to refer to a
report in Caixin in 2015.
Caixin responded to Anbang’s
threat to sue with its own threat of
litigation. On its website on Mon-
day, Caixin said the suggestion
that it took on Anbang out of
vengefulness was “an attempt at
framing with no basis in facts.”
“We strongly condemn the slan-
der in the Anbang statement and
reserve the right to take legal re-
course,” Caixin said. A director of
communications at Caixin, Ma
Ling, declined to answer ques-
tions and referred to the online
statement.
Caixin’s latest report on An-
bang has been part of a burst of
unwelcome attention for the com-
pany and Mr. Wu, which has
thrown into doubt his business
acumen and his reputation for po-
litical invulnerability.
“The level of detail that is pro-
An Indonesian Group Seeks to Export Its Modernized Vision of Islam
By JOE COCHRANE
JAKARTA, Indonesia — The
imposing, six-foot-tall painting is
a potent symbol of modern
Indonesian history: the country’s
founding father, Sukarno, cradling
a dead, barefoot rebel killed by
Dutch colonial forces amid rice
fields and smoldering volcanoes
in late-1940s Java.
The fighter’s bloodied shirt
draws immediate attention — but
so does a necklace dangling from
the body: a Christian cross, worn
by the independence martyr for
the world’s most populous Mus-
lim-majority nation.
The 2006 painting has become
the symbol of a global initiative by
the Indonesian youth wing of
Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest
mass Islamic organization in the
world, that seeks to reinterpret Is-
lamic law dating from the Middle
Ages in ways that conform to 21st-
century norms.
Among other things, it calls for
a re-examination of elements of
Islamic law that dictate relations
between Muslims and non-Mus-
lims, the structure of government
and the proper aims and conduct
of warfare.
Leaders of Nahdlatul Ulama’s
youth wing, known as Ansor, say
that elements of Shariah, which
Muslims consider divine law, are
being manipulated by groups like
the Islamic State and Al Qaeda to
justify terrorist attacks around
the world, invoked to rally fighters
Venezuela’s President, Besieged by Protests, Wants to Rewrite Constitution
By NICHOLAS CASEY
BOGOTÁ, Colombia — Presi-
dent Nicolás Maduro of Venezuela
said Monday that he would con-
vene an assembly to rewrite the
country’s Constitution, which he
said would quell mounting pro-
tests against him.
But the plan was quickly re-
jected by his opponents as an at-
tempt to avoid elections.
In a televised address on Inter-
national Workers’ Day — on
which both the president and his
opponents held demonstrations —
Mr. Maduro said he would call to-
gether what he described as a “cit-
izens’ constitutional assembly of
Patricia Torres contributed report-
ing from Caracas, Venezuela.
The headquarters of the Anbang Insurance Group in Beijing. A report in the Chinese magazine
Caixin Weekly questioned whether the company was as financially robust as it claimed.
vided in the article is, I think, rela-
tively unique for any type of story
of a Chinese company in Chinese
media,” Christopher Balding, an
associate professor at the Peking
University HSBC Business School
in the southern Chinese city of
Shenzhen, said by telephone.
A lawsuit would pit a company
that has recently appeared poli-
tically vulnerable against a maga-
zine that has proved skilled at
navigating censorship to report
on corruption and financial
shenanigans in China.
The controversy over Anbang
has come while the Chinese Com-
munist Party government under
President Xi Jinping is seeking
stability ahead of a leadership
turnover later this year. But Mr. Xi
also vowed in late April to rid Chi-
na’s banks, insurers and other fi-
nancial companies of excessive
risk. Last month, Xiang Junbo, the
chief regulator of Chinese
insurers, including Anbang, was
put under investigation by party
anticorruption investigators.
The questions raised by the ar-
ticle, and by the possibility of a
lawsuit, may test whether the de-
sire for stability will outweigh the
government’s vows to take on net-
tlesome financial issues.
“Anbang is definitely a little bit
more extreme and more ag-
gressive than other Chinese insur-
ance companies,” Mr. Balding
said. “But at the same time, if you
look at the finances of the insur-
ance industry at large, and at indi-
vidual insurance companies, their
revenue and building and things
to battle in the Middle East and
elsewhere, and distorted by
movements that seek to turn Is-
lam into a political weapon.
“The classical Islamic perspec-
tive is dominated by views that
position non-Muslims as enemies
or, at best, as suspicious figures
not worthy of trust,” H. Yaqut
Qoumas, Ansor’s chairman, said
in an interview.
“Fiqh,” or the body of jurispru-
dence that applies Shariah to ev-
eryday life, “explicitly rejects the
possibility of non-Muslims enjoy-
ing equal rights with Muslims in
the public sphere, including the
right to occupy certain positions,”
he said. “This classical Islamic
perspective continues to possess
an extraordinarily powerful au-
thority in the eyes of most Mus-
lims, and is regarded as standard,
orthodox Islam.”
Some interpretations of classi-
cal Islamic law teach that Mus-
lims have a duty to seek out and
fight Christians, Jews and follow-
ers of Zoroastrianism until they
either convert to Islam or submit
to its rule and pay a head tax.
These interpretations have
been enthusiastically adopted by
the Islamic State.
Also, some interpretations of
classical Islamic law, and of cer-
tain passages in the Quran, forbid
Muslims to have non-Muslim po-
litical leaders. Medieval Islamic
jurisprudence, still regarded as
valid by some, is used to justify
slavery and the execution of
the people, the communities, the
peasants” to rewrite the govern-
ing charter.
The president’s plan came at a
time of deep desperation for his
unpopular government. Hun-
dreds of thousands of Venez-
uelans have been protesting in Ca-
racas and other cities, calling him
a dictator and demanding that he
schedule elections that his gov-
ernment postponed.
To many, Mr. Maduro’s call to re-
write the Constitution seemed like
an effort to divert attention from
the political crisis he has been fac-
ing in the streets and to avoid elec-
tions that his governing United
Socialist Party is likely to lose, ac-
cording to polls.
“From my point of view, they
are in a dire situation that they
THOMAS PETER/REUTERS
Wu Xiaohui, Anbang’s presi-
dent and chief executive.
like that were exploding by just
astounding rates in the past few
years.”
Guo Wengui, a Chinese busi-
nessman who fled abroad, has
added to the recent jitters in Bei-
jing by publicizing allegations —
many of them lurid and difficult to
corroborate — of corruption
reaching into the party elite. Mr.
Guo has also clashed with Caixin.
Mr. Wu’s family and personal
ties are at the heart of the growing
questions about Anbang, which he
co-founded in 2004.
He has been a member by mar-
riage of China’s political and busi-
ness aristocracy: He married a
granddaughter of Deng Xiaoping,
NAHDLATUL ULAMA
A painting depicting Indone-
sia’s founding leader, Sukarno.
prisoners.
Some predominantly Muslim
countries have been moving to re-
interpret Islamic law within their
borders, with some sending dele-
gations to a 2016 international
conference of scholars, religious
leaders and clergy members in
Morocco on protecting the legal
rights of religious minorities liv-
ing among them.
The Indonesian initiative, how-
ever, aims to directly approach
governments around the world,
both Muslim-majority and other-
wise, as well as at the United Na-
tions, to achieve a global consen-
sus on reforming what it views as
don’t know how to continue using
the normal mechanisms, such as
having elections,” said Enrique
Sánchez Falcón, a legal expert
and professor at the Central Uni-
versity of Venezuela.
Venezuela’s opposition quickly
rejected the president’s proposal.
Henrique Capriles, a state gover-
nor who narrowly lost to Mr. Ma-
duro in an election in 2013, dis-
missed the plan as a “fraud” that
had been “announced by a dicta-
tor.”
“People to the street to disobey
this madness,” he wrote on Twit-
ter on Monday.
Mr. Maduro’s supporters urged
the opposition to accept the con-
stitutional process as a means of
settling their disagreements.
JASON LEE/REUTERS
the Communist patriarch who
oversaw China’s market reforms
in the 1980s. Mr. Wu also came
close to sealing a partnership with
American political royalty
through Mr. Kushner, the New
York developer who is a son-in-
law and adviser of Mr. Trump.
Anbang was in talks with Mr.
Kushner’s family company to pay
$400 million for a stake in a flag-
ship skyscraper on Fifth Avenue
in Manhattan. Anbang bought the
Waldorf Astoria hotel, a popular
venue on the New York social cal-
endar, in 2014 as part of a spree of
acquisitions.
But the deal with Mr. Kushner’s
company foundered in March, in
the wake of growing controversy
about a presidential in-law doing
business with a Chinese conglom-
erate with many ties to Beijing’s
political elite. Mr. Kushner has
also become an influential White
House adviser to Mr. Trump, in-
cluding on China policy.
Anbang’s international luster
had already dulled after it with-
drew an application last year to
buy an Iowa insurer, Fidelity &
Guaranty Life, and also shelved a
$14 billion bid to buy Starwood Ho-
tels and Resorts. Before those
deals foundered, American
investors and regulators raised
doubts about Anbang’s opaque
ownership and its financial
strength.
Now Caixin has laid out similar
doubts for its readers. The Chi-
nese news media had already
raised questions about Anbang’s
spending spree, but Caixin
archaic interpretations of Islam.
“The challenge we face is not
confined to religious views that
emerged through an intellectual
process conducted a thousand
years ago. We are also confronted
by religious and political authori-
ties whose institutions are deeply
intertwined with these views, and
thus continue to inculcate such
teachings among each new gener-
ation of Muslims,” Mr. Yaqut said.
Nonetheless, some Islamic
scholars and experts note that be-
cause there are so many diverging
interpretations of Islamic law and
the Quran, it would be difficult to
reach an international consensus
on reforms.
“There’s a whole library of in-
terpretations of jihad — Muslims
must fight non-Muslim states to
expand territory, for example,”
said Ruud Peters, an emeritus
professor of Islamic law at the
University of Amsterdam. “But
since the 19th century, there have
been interpretations followed by
many Muslim states to only de-
fend against attack from non-
Muslim states.”
Another problem, scholars and
experts said, is the cultural differ-
ences among predominantly Mus-
lim countries in interpreting Is-
lamic law. Indonesia, in Southeast
Asia, for example, practices one of
the most liberal forms of Islam in
the world, while simultaneously
having a secular government and
Constitution, with full rights for
Christians, Hindus, Buddhists
“There are violent groups that
don’t understand that violence
won’t get us anywhere, and that
we must have a dialogue despite
our differences,” said Hermann
Escarrá, a legal adviser to Mr. Ma-
duro.
It was unclear precisely how
Mr. Maduro wanted the Constitu-
tion changed. Some legal experts
said the constitutional assembly
could be used to sideline Vene-
zuela’s opposition-controlled Na-
tional Assembly, which has been
attacked by the country’s courts.
Venezuela has been rocked for
the last month by huge street
protests against Mr. Maduro’s
government, which have been
met with repression by the securi-
ty forces. At least 29 people have
been killed.
stepped into more sensitive terri-
tory by examining the group’s
ownership and accounts in pains-
taking detail.
In 18 months from October 2014,
Caixin estimated, Anbang had
spent $16 billion on overseas ac-
quisitions. But Caixin also said
Anbang’s successive injections of
capital, which have helped finance
these deals, appeared to often in-
volve companies linked to Mr.
Wu’s relatives and associates,
raising the possibility that they
were not real injections by outside
investors.
Anbang appeared to have “used
circular injections of funding to
magnify its capital,” the report
said.
The Caixin report said those
doubts were reinforced by An-
bang’s complicated ownership.
Many of those companies regis-
tered under obscure addresses,
with little capital registered in
their names, and often they were
formed in clusters shortly before
they bought into Anbang — find-
ings that echo the Times report.
The names, addresses and other
details of dozens of people regis-
tered as holding shares suggested
that they were Mr. Wu’s relatives
and associates.
Until recent days, Anbang was
mostly silent about the reports on
Mr. Wu and the group’s finances,
including internet-born rumors
that he had been held as part of a
criminal investigation. No Chi-
nese officials have said anything
to suggest that Mr. Wu was de-
tained or under investigation.
But since late last week the
company has fought back. An-
bang issued a statement on Friday
that it had sufficient cash flows; it
told a Chinese newspaper that ru-
mors that Mr. Wu was in detention
were false; and Mr. Wu gave an in-
terview to another Chinese news-
paper, The Beijing News, that also
seemed intended to squash the ru-
mors.
Mr. Wu said in the interview
that Anbang was especially en-
thusiastic about Mr. Xi’s plan to
expand Chinese investment and
construction abroad in a much-
promoted plan called “One Belt,
One Road.” Now investors and po-
litical analysts will watch to see
whether Mr. Xi’s government
takes sides in the dispute between
Anbang and Caixin.
“Hu Shuli and Caixin have done
an amazing job carving out a
space for honest and incisive re-
porting in China’s heavily cen-
sored media,” Victor Shih, a pro-
fessor at the University of Califor-
nia, San Diego, who studies fi-
nance and politics in China, said
by email. “Caixin will need all of
its savvy to navigate the Anbang
lawsuit though.”
and other religious minorities.
Saudi Arabia, in the Middle
East, however, practices the con-
servative Wahhabi Islam, and its
government does not officially
recognize any of its citizens as be-
ing Christian.
“If you want to have only one
universal interpretation, you have
to deal with the cultural differ-
ences and also find an interna-
tional central authority. This is im-
possible,” said Abdel Rahman El
Haj, a professor at Ankara Social
Sciences University in Turkey.
He added that while Indonesian
Islamic leaders had good inten-
tions, substantive changes would
be successful only if support for
them emerged within the Arab
world.
The Ansor initiative is seen as
another move by young Muslims
in Indonesia, as well as Islamic
clerics and other Muslim organi-
zations in Europe and the Middle
East, to push back against ex-
treme, conservative interpreta-
tions of Islam.
“The general impression we
sometimes get in the West about
Islam is one of radicalization,”
said Raphaël Lefèvre, a nonresi-
dent political Islam scholar at the
Carnegie Middle East Center,
“while an equally if not more im-
portant trend is the ongoing strug-
gle by Muslim clerics to redefine
what Islamic law has to say about
society and politics in ways
deemed more compatible with
modern life.”
A dismal economy has led to
shortages of food and medicine,
and a Supreme Court decision last
month to strip power from the Na-
tional Assembly led to the pro-
tests.
The court, on Mr. Maduro’s urg-
ing, later reversed much of its rul-
ing. But his opponents say he is
continuing to govern in an au-
thoritarian manner, and they are
demanding new elections.
Rewriting the Constitution
would forestall any elections, le-
gal experts said.
The last president to initiate a
rewriting of the Constitution was
Hugo Chávez in 1999, shortly after
he took power and declared his
plans for socialist reforms to bene-
fit poor and working-class Venez-
uelans.
Protesters
Are Detained
In Russia
By ANDREW E. KRAMER
MOSCOW — The Russian po-
lice detained about 20 gay rights
protesters on Monday, among
them the leader of a group that is
helping gay men escape from the
southern province of Chechnya,
where they face abuse, including
torture.
The protesters held a demon-
stration on the sidelines of a May
Day parade in St. Petersburg,
Russia’s second-largest city.
The treatment of gays in Chech-
nya has prompted protests out-
side Russia, but the demonstra-
tion on Monday was the first sig-
nificant action inside the country,
and it ended, perhaps predictably,
with arrests. Russia has strict
rules on political activity in public.
Some protesters lay on the
pavement draped in a rainbow
flag and the flag of Chechnya. Oth-
ers carried placards objecting to
the mistreatment of gay men in
Chechnya, news footage showed.
“They even deny they exist and
deny the problem exists,” Andrei
Potapov, one of the protesters, told
Euronews of Chechen officials. A
spokesman for the regional lead-
er, Ramzan A. Kadyrov, told The
New York Times this month that
Chechnya had no gay men.
It was not immediately clear
why the police had detained the
activists. Among them was Igor
Kochetkov, director of the Russian
LGBT Network, a group that has
been providing gay men from
Chechnya with safe houses else-
where in Russia.
Tens of thousands of people in
Russia attend May Day parades,
which are intended to highlight la-
bor issues and defend the rights of
workers. In Moscow, Gennady A.
Zyuganov, the leader of the Rus-
sian Communist Party, gave a
speech in front of a poster of Jo-
seph Stalin.
Fontanka, a St. Petersburg
news portal, reported that the po-
Denying abuses in
Chechnya, and
punishing those who
condemn them.
lice had detained 18 people under a
law against “violations by par-
ticipants of a public activity of the
rules of its implementation.”
That implied that the gay rights
message had not been approved
for the pro-labor marches, though
the Fontanka report did not say
precisely how the protesters had
violated the parade rules.
Videos posted online showed
activists carrying rainbow flags,
and then police officers bundling
some of them into a van. Reached
by cellphone in jail, Mr. Kochetkov
said about 20 people had been ar-
rested, Reuters reported.
The Russian LGBT Network,
Mr. Kochetkov’s group, has creat-
ed an emergency volunteer net-
work to help gay men escape
Chechnya, operating a hotline and
safe houses.
Even by the standards of
Chechnya, a small region tor-
mented by two brutal wars for in-
dependence in the post-Soviet pe-
riod, the mass arrests of gay men
seem brazen.
To counteract popular support
for an Islamist insurgency that
erupted after the Soviet breakup,
President Vladimir V. Putin of
Russia has granted wide latitude
to the regional leader, Mr. Kady-
rov, to co-opt elements of the Is-
lamist agenda, including an intol-
erance of gays. Local officials in
Chechnya and federal officials in
Moscow have denied that gay
men are being abused.
“You should ask those devils to
apologize and kneel before the
Chechen people for insults, hu-
miliation and accusation,” Mr.
Kadyrov told RBK television last
month, speaking of Russian jour-
nalists who have documented the
arrests and abuse of gay men.
“The best way to lead a healthy
lifestyle is to have the right orien-
tation,” he said. “God created us
men, women and animals. Have
you seen any religious pronounce-
ment that would say you should
marry a cat, for example?”
Earlier this year, to find clos-
eted gay men, the authorities be-
gan to pose on social networking
sites as gay men looking for dates
and detained the people who re-
sponded, according to Chechen
gay men interviewed last month.
Novaya Gazeta, a Russian inde-
pendent newspaper, reported that
more than 100 gay men had been
arrested and that at least three
had died. Human Rights Watch
has corroborated that conclusion
based on its own interviews with
victims.
Everything you need to
know for your business day
is in Business Day.
The New York Times
TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
A Severe Reception at America’s Front Door
By VIVIAN YEE
A children’s book author from Austral-
ia said she “loathed America” after her
interrogation at Los Angeles Interna-
tional Airport. A retired police chief from
North Carolina wrote that his customs
screening made him “question if this is
indeed home.”
And when Fadwa Alaoui, 39, a Moroc-
can-born Canadian, tried to drive into
Vermont for her monthly shopping trip,
she faced questions about her religious
beliefs and politics and gave up her
phone to be searched, only to be turned
away.
“They treated us like criminals,” Ms.
Alaoui said. “Like they have the right to
do anything they want.”
As his administration wades past the
100-day mark, President Trump’s efforts
to bar travelers from several majority-
Muslim countries and to eject immi-
grants without legal status have
heartened many supporters and in-
flamed widespread dissent. But for those
not subject to ban or deportation, it is in
the sterile screening rooms of the coun-
try’s airports and border crossings —
where Americans and foreigners alike
can be held, searched and interrogated
for hours — that everyday people are
most likely to meet the machinery of Mr.
Trump’s government.
To judge by the chorus of travelers
who have spoken out about a rough
greeting at America’s doorstep, the
customs experience is not helping Mr.
Trump’s image.
But not all the blame for soured airport
experiences can be directed this presi-
dent’s way. Customs and Border Protec-
tion officers had the same discretion to
screen travelers under the Obama ad-
ministration, when Muslims and other
travelers said they routinely endured in-
trusive and even discriminatory treat-
ment. At this stage, the data available
about customs officers’ activities does
not support the charge that many more
travelers are facing extra scrutiny.
Still, amid Mr. Trump’s attempts to
harden American borders via wall,
heightened vetting and a travel ban, the
public is confronting a reality that went
mostly unremarked in the past: In a
country still struggling to define the bal-
ance between civil liberties and security
nearly 16 years after the Sept. 11 terrorist
attacks, customs officers wield broad au-
thority over the millions of people who
knock on the United States’ 328 gates
each year.
In the limbo between leaving another
country and arriving in this one, the offi-
cers have wide latitude to examine
travelers, their baggage and their elec-
tronic devices while deciding whether to
let them in. The rights that individuals,
even citizens, are entitled to once inside
the United States do not always apply
while they are trying to enter it.
“You may think you are in the United
States, but for legal purposes, you aren’t
until that inspector admits you,” said
Nicholas Kulish and Ron Nixon contribut-
ed reporting.
‘They treated us like criminals. Like they have the right to do anything they want.’
FADWA ALAOUI, below, with her son; a Canadian, she was barred entry trying to cross into Vermont to go shopping.
Lining up in Saint-Bernard-de-Lacolle, Quebec, to cross the border. Hundreds of people are denied entry each day.
Doris Meissner, a former commissioner
of the government agency that evolved
into the Department of Homeland Secu-
rity after Sept. 11.
The administration has not issued new
directives about screening arriving pas-
sengers, and current and former govern-
ment officials argue that many people
are predisposed to see the worst in offi-
cers now that they work for Mr. Trump.
“This is something that has always oc-
curred,” said David Lapan, a Homeland
Security spokesman. “The same things
have happened under previous adminis-
trations.”
Civil liberties advocates and immigra-
tion lawyers, however, say they believe
individual officers are fueling a disturb-
ing escalation of enforcement, made
plain in the aggressive tone as well as the
frequency of travelers’ encounters with
them.
“This is by no means an unprecedent-
ed thing,” said Hugh Handeyside, a staff
attorney at the American Civil Liberties
Union. “But it does seem at this point like
the reports we’re hearing are not just iso-
lated reports, but they appear to be part
of a trend. Either the word’s gotten out
unofficially or officially that this treat-
ment can be tolerated.”
Customs inspections are routine: On a
typical day in 2016, for instance, the
agency denied admittance to 752 people
at ports of entry and flagged 877 people
deemed possible national security risks.
Still, for many travelers, officers’ abil-
ity to examine their phones — and even
request their pass codes — has made
even ordinary stops into alarming and
uncomfortably personal encounters.
Even after travelers enter the country,
the customs agency can keep their
phones for weeks while investigators fo-
rensically peer into their contents.
Electronic device searches were al-
ready on the rise under the Obama ad-
ministration, with the number of
travelers whose devices were searched
more than doubling from 2015 to 2016.
The monthly total of searches since Mr.
Trump took office has remained roughly
at the level that occurred during the last
months of the Obama administration.
Ms. Alaoui, who drove to the border in
early February, had intended to spend
the day in Burlington shopping for toys
for her 5-year-old son, who had just fin-
ished three months of chemotherapy.
On past trips, she said, she had spent
about two minutes at the border before
being waved through. This time, she and
a cousin were questioned and held for
four hours while their phones and car
were searched.
After telling her to write down the pass
code to her phone, a customs officer
asked where she had been born (Moroc-
co), how long she had lived in Canada
(more than 20 years) and if she was a
practicing Muslim (yes).
The interrogation quickly veered fur-
ther toward religious questions, Ms.
Alaoui said. The officer asked about her
mosque and its imam. He pulled up
videos found on her phone, videos of
Muslim prayers and Arabic jokes that
had circulated among her friends and
relatives on social media, and asked her
to explain.
Then he asked what she thought of Mr.
Trump.
“I said he can do whatever he wants in
his country. It’s not my business. I just
DON EMMERT/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
want to cross the border to go shopping.
Why are you asking me this question?”
recalled Ms. Alaoui, who wears a hijab.
After they were photographed and fin-
gerprinted, another officer told the wom-
en that they would not be allowed into
the country because of the videos found
on their phones.
Muslims have spoken for years of fac-
ing heavy scrutiny from customs offi-
cers, accusing the agency of racial profil-
ing. So have people who may be mistak-
en for Muslims: Shah Rukh Khan, the In-
dian actor known as the “King of
Bollywood,” has made headlines for be-
ing detained three times in seven years
while traveling to the United States.
The most prominent such incident in
recent months occurred when Muham-
mad Ali Jr., the famed boxer’s son, was
stopped by customs officers at Fort Lau-
derdale-Hollywood International Air-
port on Feb. 7. Mr. Ali, who had just ar-
rived from a trip to Jamaica with his
mother, said he had been led to a room
where an officer asked how he had got-
ten his name and what his religion was.
In an interview, Mr. Ali said the officer
had told him that he shared a name with
another person who had been flagged for
extra screening. He had never had trou-
ble entering the country before, he said.
Officers have “an enormous amount of
discretion” to question travelers, said
Margo Schlanger, a law professor at the
University of Michigan and a head of civ-
il rights and civil liberties at the Home-
land Security Department under Presi-
dent Barack Obama. While Customs and
Border Protection has an anti-discrimi-
nation rule, she said, the agency has not
put significant limits on officers’ ability
A11
N
ALEXI HOBBS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
to ask about religious beliefs.
In recent months, even non-Muslims
have appeared to attract far more atten-
tion.
After flying back to San Francisco
from Belgium, where he had been show-
ing some of his artwork, Aaron Gach, an
American artist, was stopped and asked
repeatedly to unlock his cellphone for an
officer to search, he said. Mr. Gach, 43,
said he had been asked a series of ques-
tions about his work, his travel arrange-
ments and the art show. He was released
only after complying with the request to
unlock his phone.
For noncitizens, formerly routine trips
have turned fraught as travelers report
encountering customs officers who
question whether they are taking Ameri-
can jobs or being paid improperly.
“We used to hear about these things
once in a blue moon, and it would be the
talk of the office,” said Greg Siskind, an
immigration lawyer in Tennessee. “Now
people just basically roll their eyes be-
cause they’ve heard it so often.”
There was the Australian children’s
book author, Mem Fox, who was nearly
denied entry on her way to give a speech
in Milwaukee after being questioned
about the $8,000 honorarium — standard
for such speaking engagements — that
she had accepted from the organizers.
Ms. Fox, 71, who had traveled to the
United States uneventfully more than
100 times in the past, characterized her
questioning as “sadistic from the first
moment,” though she was eventually al-
lowed to continue on her way.
There was a 61-year-old ballet teacher
from outside Toronto, Kennetha
O’Heany, who tried to drive across the
border in March to observe a children’s
ballet class taught by another teacher in
Ann Arbor, Mich.
Though she had made a similar trip in
2014, the explanation did not satisfy the
officer, whom she said had told her, “If
there are Americans that can do this job,
then you are an illegal foreign worker.”
Her three-hour detention at the Wind-
sor-Detroit crossing culminated in a pat-
down search by two female officers, who
were so thorough that they even felt be-
tween her toes, Ms. O’Heany said.
“I just kept thinking, ‘But I’m just a
ballet teacher,’” she said.
And there was Erik Hoeksema, whose
group of about a dozen volunteers from a
church in Ontario was stopped and
turned back at the Buffalo crossing in
March. They had been on their way to the
Jersey Shore to help rebuild houses de-
stroyed during Hurricane Sandy in 2012.
No foreigners were allowed to do work
for hire without visas, Mr. Hoeksema
said he had been told. The fact that they
were not going to be paid did not seem to
make a difference.
“We don’t know if we were mistreated,
or we just made a mistake, or who
knows?” Mr. Hoeksema said, adding that
he has heard of other volunteer groups
being denied entry in the past. “I just
wish that you could just come to common
sense and look at our group and consider
that there still is a need for Sandy relief.”
A12 0 N
In Fictional Suicide, Health Experts Say They See a Real Cause for Alarm
By CATHERINE SAINT LOUIS
As a mom who lost her son to
suicide in 2013, a Houston nurse
became concerned when she
heard about the popular Netflix
show “13 Reasons Why.” By then
her 15-year-old daughter had al-
ready binge-watched it.
In the series, the character
Hannah Baker kills herself in de-
spair, leaving audiotapes for the
people she holds responsible,
among them, her rapist, fickle
friends and bullies. The tapes are
part justification for her suicide
and part vengeful accusation of
her peers.
But in the month since the
show’s release, a rising chorus of
mental health experts contend
that too many of the show’s mes-
sages on suicide are inaccurate
and potentially dangerous.
Superintendents and school
counselors around the country
have issued warnings to parents
that “13 Reasons Why” glorifies
suicide and could lead to an in-
crease in copycat behavior and
self-harm among vulnerable stu-
dents. “We are concerned about
our children watching this series
without adult supervision be-
cause it romanticizes and sensa-
tionalizes the idea of suicide,” Lisa
Brady, superintendent of schools
in Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., wrote in an
email to parents.
Its creators have defended the
show, saying they aimed to make
the drama helpful to struggling
kids.
But for the nurse’s family, the
show has been devastating. Her
daughter, who found her brother’s
body, has been working through
depression and trauma ever
since. With treatment and regular
therapy, things got better — until
she watched “13 Reasons Why.”
Now the show has set off new
thoughts of despair and suicide in
her daughter, she said.
“If I’d known about the show be-
forehand I would have monitored
her Netflix account a bit more,”
said the nurse, whose name is be-
Fox News, Pledging New Culture, Ousts Another Piece of Old One Jury Urges
From Page A1
suits of covering up Mr. Ailes’s be-
havior and dismissing concerns
from women who complained
about it. Mr. Shine and Ms. Scott
deny any wrongdoing.
Seen by the Murdochs as a
steward rather than a visionary —
Rupert Murdoch, in a meeting
with executives, once referred to
him as a “fine company man” —
Mr. Shine was not considered a
long-term leader for the network,
despite his close relationships
with marquee personalities like
Sean Hannity.
But Mr. Shine’s standing
weakened in recent weeks as his
name surfaced in new lawsuits
against the channel and advocacy
groups called for his firing. Inside
Fox News, Mr. Shine also advocat-
ed keeping Bill O’Reilly, even after
The New York Times reported
that Mr. O’Reilly, a popular prime-
time host, had entered into multi-
million-dollar settlements with
women who had accused him of
harassment. Mr. O’Reilly was
fired almost two weeks ago.
The string of major departures
— at a network that for two
decades had had little to no
change in its senior ranks — has
unsettled Fox News’s employees,
from its prime-time stars to its
rank-and-file staff. Mr. Hannity,
who had recommended Mr. Shine
for his first position at Fox News,
said on Twitter last week that Mr.
Shine’s removal would be “the to-
tal end of the FNC as we know it.”
Mr. Hannity was mostly silent
about the matter on Monday, al-
though he posted a comment on
Twitter affirming reports that he
was not considering a departure
from the network. Though Mr.
Hannity teasingly suggested on
his show that he might have some-
thing to say about Monday’s
Sydney Ember and Jim Rutenberg
contributed reporting.
Police in Texas Change Account in Officer’s Fatal Shooting of 15-Year-Old
By LIAM STACK
and CHRISTINE HAUSER
As family and friends mourned
the death of a 15-year-old boy shot
in the head by a police officer in a
Dallas suburb over the weekend,
the police chief said Monday that
new evidence showed the killing
did not unfold the way the authori-
ties had originally claimed.
The Police Department in Balch
Springs, Tex., said Sunday that
the officer, whose name has not
been released, fired on a car car-
rying the teenager, Jordan Ed-
wards, a freshman at Mesquite
High School in Balch Springs, be-
cause the car was reversing down
a street toward the officer in an
“aggressive manner.”
But Jonathan Haber, the police
chief, told reporters at a news con-
ference on Monday afternoon that
video showed the opposite. He
said the officer fired when the car
was “moving forward as the offi-
cers approached,” according to
The Associated Press. The Dallas
Katherine Langford in the Netflix series “13 Reasons Why,” about a teenager who kills herself.
ing withheld to protect her daugh-
ter’s privacy. “If kids have a his-
tory of depression, self-harm or
suicidal thoughts, I don’t think
they need to watch it.”
On Friday, in a letter to parents,
Robert Avossa, superintendent of
Palm Beach County schools in
Florida, reported that his
employees have seen an uptick in
self-mutilation and threats of sui-
cide among elementary and mid-
dle school students since the show
began.
The Netflix series, which may
be renewed for a second season, is
based on the 2007 young adult
novel “Thirteen Reasons Why,” by
Jay Asher. It includes a graphic
scene in which Hannah kills her-
self with a razor. Its creators say
it’s an unglamorous death, and
they worked hard to make sure it
wasn’t gratuitous.
Netflix has created an ac-
REPORTER FILES LAWSUIT
Diana Falzone accused Fox News
of discrimination. Page B2.
changes, in the end he did not ad-
dress Mr. Shine’s exit.
Mr. Murdoch, Fox News’s exec-
utive chairman, is facing pressure
on multiple fronts, not least his
own corporate aspirations. He is
on the verge of acquiring a long-
coveted prize, the British satellite
and television company Sky, for
his European media empire.
But the deal must be approved
by a British regulatory agency
that will determine if 21st Century
Fox can act as a “fit and proper”
owner. The last time Mr. Murdoch
faced a major public outcry — dur-
ing the hacking scandal at his
British tabloid News of the World
— regulators rejected an attempt
to acquire Sky.
The Murdochs are “definitely
cleaning house,” said Andrew
Gilman, the chief executive of the
crisis communications firm
CommCore Consulting Group.
Referring to Mr. Murdoch’s
sons, Lachlan and James, who run
21st Century Fox, Mr. Gilman add-
ed, “It sounds like the younger
Murdochs are saying, ‘We’re will-
ing to sacrifice some revenue and
talent for a longer-term view.’”
The family has been willing to
make sacrifices before: News of
the World no longer publishes,
and Rupert Murdoch let go one of
his favorite executives, Rebekah
Brooks, when she was caught up
in that scandal (although he has
since hired her back). Whether
the Murdochs go further in chang-
ing Fox News’s leadership is
openly speculated at the network.
With Mr. Shine out, the network
is now under the day-to-day com-
mand of Jack Abernethy, who re-
tained a title of co-president. Mr.
Abernethy has also been cited as
contributing to a toxic envi-
County medical examiner’s report
ruled the death a homicide caused
by a “rifle wound” to the head.
Lee Merritt, a lawyer for the Ed-
wards family, praised the police
chief for his willingness to admit
the department’s mistake and
called the new account “a big
deal.”
“There were no weapons in-
volved; there was no aggressive
behavior; these were not sus-
pects,” Mr. Merritt said in a phone
interview. “The lone motive they
had for the murder was that the
vehicle was being used as a weap-
on, and now that is no longer
there.”
Efforts to reach officials with
the Police Department after Mon-
day’s news conference were un-
successful.
Mr. Merritt called the change in
the department’s account “a hope-
ful sign” about the transparency
of the investigation, but he said
the authorities needed to do more.
“They have a dead child, they
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
companying 30-minute documen-
tary “Beyond the Reasons,” that
includes the cast, producers and
mental health experts discussing
some of the show’s more difficult
scenes. In the documentary Brian
Yorkey, the creator of the series,
said, “We did want it to be painful
to watch because we wanted it to
be very clear that there is nothing
— in any way — worthwhile about
suicide.”
In a statement, Netflix said the
writers sought the advice of medi-
cal professionals while writing the
script, and the show carries a TV-
MA rating as well as a warning
about graphic content. “Our mem-
bers tell us that 13 Reasons Why
has helped spark important con-
versations in their families and
communities around the world,”
the statement said.
Some parents have defended
the show. Dawn Zawadzki, a para-
From left, Rupert Murdoch and the Fox News co-presidents Jack Abernethy and Bill Shine in
Manhattan last month. Mr. Shine, a close ally of Roger E. Ailes, was forced out on Monday.
ronment at Fox News. He has de-
nied wrongdoing.
The network’s senior ranks still
include other executives who
worked closely with Mr. Ailes, in-
cluding Dianne Brandi, the gen-
eral counsel. On Monday, several
employees pointed to the
continued power of Mr. Aber-
nethy, Ms. Brandi and Ms. Scott as
evidence that the old guard at Fox
News remains in charge.
Two employees invoked a
phrase from President Trump in
describing the attitude of some
workers: “Drain the swamp.”
Five current Fox News
employees, male and female, de-
scribed the newsroom on Monday
as being in a state of shock after
learning of Mr. Shine’s exit. Work-
ers there, speaking anonymously
Video evidence is
cited as contradicting
earlier details.
have the identity of the shooter,
and they have no explanation for
the shooting,” Mr. Merritt said.
“They have more than sufficient
probable cause to make an ar-
rest.”
Jordan, a popular football play-
er, was killed shortly after leaving
a party with friends on Saturday
night. The police said in a state-
ment on Sunday that officers were
in the area responding to a 911 call
complaining about drunken
young people.
The statement said officers
fired on the car after they heard
gunfire from an “unknown alter-
cation.” Jordan, a passenger, was
shot in the head and died from his
BETH DUBBER/NETFLIX, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
legal from Fort Mill, S.C., said she
watched part of the series with
her 16-year-old daughter. “Every-
body is saying ‘it glamorizes sui-
cide,’ but I don’t think it does,” she
said. “It’s making us wake up and
look at it.”
Not everyone agrees. Just be-
fore its March 31 release, a
producer sought the support of
the JED Foundation, a teen sui-
cide prevention group. “I think
they were looking for us to say, ‘It
was a great educational tool,’” or
that “they handled the issues in a
psychologically helpful way,” said
Dr. Victor Schwartz, a psychiatrist
and the chief medical officer at the
JED Foundation.
Ultimately, he could not support
what he called “one long revenge
story.” The group issued a guide
about the show, advising people
who choose to watch it to view it
with someone else and to take
because they feared retribution,
described a sense of continuing
dread about the spate of new de-
velopments in a scandal that has
stretched on for months.
Mr. Shine prided himself on his
working-class roots, and friends
considered him the newsroom’s
closest embodiment of the aver-
age Fox News viewer. He had a
knack for talent management and
maintained a close friendship
with Mr. Hannity, with whom he
had worked before Mr. Hannity
made the leap to cable-news
prominence. The men frequently
spoke by telephone.
It was Mr. Murdoch who se-
lected Mr. Shine as a co-president
last summer, after Mr. Ailes’s re-
moval, and it was Mr. Murdoch
who on Monday announced Mr.
injuries at a hospital.
The shooting has unnerved
Balch Springs, a city of about
25,000 people that lies about 15
miles east of downtown Dallas.
The Mesquite Independent
School District said Mr. Edwards
“was a good student who was very
well liked by his teachers, coaches
and his fellow students.”
“The entire district — espe-
cially the staff and students of
Mesquite High School — are
mourning this terrible loss,” the
district said.
Chris Cano, whose son played
football with Jordan, told a local
television station, WFAA, that he
was a “great kid” with “awesome
parents.”
The first day of spring football
practice at Mesquite High School
was canceled on Monday because
of Jordan’s death. His teammates
are grieving and will miss Jor-
dan’s “big smile,” said Jeff
Fleener, the coach of the team, the
Skeeters, in a phone interview on
breaks between episodes rather
than binge watch.
“It’s complicated, because they
got a lot of important issues out on
the table,” Dr. Schwartz said. But
he’s concerned that students
could think of suicide as a way to
get back at people and worried
that showing the specific way
Hannah died would spur imita-
tors. “The missteps are high
stakes,” he concluded.
The problem, suicide preven-
tion experts said, is that even an
ugly suicide can beget copycats.
Research has shown that “some-
one else’s death by suicide can re-
Concern about the
effect of a show on
vulnerable youths.
inforce a vulnerable person’s mo-
tivation to die by suicide,” said
Madelyn Gould, a professor of epi-
demiology and psychiatry at Co-
lumbia University.
On Instagram, Paris Jackson, a
19-year-old model who has tried to
kill herself in the past, called the
series, “extremely triggering.”
“Please only watch this show with
caution and keep in mind that it
may put you in a dark place,” she
wrote in a post that got more than
20,000 likes.
The National Association of
School Psychologists has advised
teenagers, who have had suicidal
thoughts, to avoid the series en-
tirely. They recommend that any
teenager should watch with a par-
ent who can make it clear that sui-
cide is not a solution to problems.
The show’s fatalism leaves the
impression that suicide can’t be
stopped, experts said. In one con-
cerning scene, a character ago-
nizes that he could have done
more to help his friend. A school
counselor tells him: “If she
wanted to end her life, we weren’t
MARK LENNIHAN/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Shine’s exit in a memo to the staff.
“I know Bill was respected and
liked by everyone at Fox News,”
Mr. Murdoch wrote. “We will all
miss him.”
In a subsequent public state-
ment, Mr. Murdoch praised Mr.
Shine even more, writing, “His
contribution to our channel and
our country will resonate for
many years.”
Mr. Shine’s co-president posi-
tion is considered open. Another
executive, Jay Wallace, was pro-
moted to president for news.
Mr. Murdoch concluded his note
by underscoring the lucrative na-
ture of the network. “Fox News
continues to break both viewing
and revenue records, for which I
thank you all,” he wrote, adding, “I
am sure we can do even better.”
Monday.
He said Jordan, who weighed
150 pounds and was nearly 6 feet
tall, was a committed athlete who
had aspirations to play college
football and was trying out for the
team’s defensive position.
Jordan “spent a lot of time in the
weight room to make himself bet-
ter, bigger and stronger,” Mr.
Fleener said. “The big thing is he
was not scared to come hit some-
body on the football field.” The
coach added, “He knew how to flip
that switch on the field and play
with some physicality.”
“He was excellent — 3.5 G.P.A.,
never in trouble, no attendance is-
sues,” Mr. Fleener said. “He was a
kid that did everything right.”
Officer Pedro Gonzalez, a police
spokesman, said in a phone inter-
view early Monday that the offi-
cers involved in the episode had
been wearing body cameras. Offi-
cer Gonzalez said they would be
interviewed after they had a
chance to “decompress.”
going to stop her.”
The statement runs counter to
the advice given to teachers and
peers about how to help at-risk
teens.
“For kids, that action is staying
with your friend, not keeping it a
secret, and telling a trusted adult,”
said Richard Lieberman, who
coordinated suicide prevention
for Los Angeles Unified School
District for 25 years. Another op-
tion is to call the National Suicide
Prevention line, 1-800-273-8255, or
text HOME to 741741.
David N. Miller, the author of
“Child and Adolescent Suicidal
Behavior: School-Based Preven-
tion, Assessment, and Interven-
tion,” said that children and
adolescents often tell their peers
about their suicidal behavior
rather than adults. He said, "the
way adults are portrayed as in-
competent or clueless” is a major
problem in “13 Reasons Why,” be-
cause he thought it would dis-
suade students from seeking criti-
cal assistance.
Hours before her death, Han-
nah goes to see the school coun-
selor, hints that a senior assaulted
her, and cryptically says, her eyes
welling with tears, that “I need ev-
erything to stop, people, life.” He
hands her tissues, but doesn’t con-
duct a suicide-risk assessment or
consider hospitalization.
“That was gross negligence,”
Dr. Miller said, and it sends “a
dangerous message” that adults
don’t care.
Although the creators of “13
Reasons Why” aspired to educate,
the show itself never mentions a
critical point: most children who
die by suicide have a mental
health disorder like depression
that’s treatable.
And throughout the series, as
other characters talk of suicide,
little is done to address their
struggles. “The series is actually
depicting suicide contagion, and
at the same time, it’s denying the
suicide contagion exists,” Dr.
Gould said. It’s “so upsetting to
me on so many levels.”
Prosecution
In Jail Death
In Milwaukee
By NIRAJ CHOKSHI
A jury recommended on Mon-
day that prosecutors file criminal
charges against seven Milwaukee
County jail employees over the
death of Terrill Thomas, an in-
mate who the authorities say died
of dehydration after going a week
without water.
The jury found probable cause
to charge the seven staff mem-
bers, including two supervisors,
with felony abuse, according to
Erik Heipt, a lawyer representing
Mr. Thomas’s estate.
“Nothing like this should ever
happen in an American jail,” Mr.
Heipt said, “and we’re pleased
that justice is taking its course.”
The jury’s inquest began April
24, exactly one year after Mr.
Thomas, 38, was found dead in his
cell. The Milwaukee County dis-
trict attorney’s office, which had
requested the inquest, is not
bound by the recommendation.
In a statement posted online,
Sheriff David Clarke of Milwau-
kee County said he would await
the district attorney’s decision.
“This is part of a process,” said
Sheriff Clarke, who has gained na-
tional prominence as a Fox News
A recommendation
of charges against
seven employees.
regular and an outspoken sup-
porter of President Trump. “I re-
spect the process. Jury recom-
mendations are just that.”
A spokesman for the district at-
torney did not immediately re-
spond to a request for comment.
Prosecutors and Mr. Heipt say
that correction officers turned off
the water supply to Mr. Thomas’s
isolation cell last April. Mr. Thom-
as, who had bipolar disorder and
needed mental health treatment,
was unable to advocate for him-
self, though other inmates told
correction officers that he needed
water, Mr. Heipt said. Mr. Thomas
also refused to eat jail-provided
meals, which were served without
drinks, and lost at least 30 pounds,
according to Mr. Heipt.
Mr. Thomas was arrested on
April 15, 2016, on charges that he
shot a man in the chest and fired
shots in a Milwaukee casino, ac-
cording to The Milwaukee Journal
Sentinel.
Mr. Heipt said he planned to file
a federal civil rights lawsuit on be-
half of Mr. Thomas’s estate. One of
Mr. Thomas’s children has al-
ready filed a federal suit against
Sheriff Clarke and his staff, ac-
cording to Fox 6 News in Milwau-
kee.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 0N A13

On May Day, Marchers

Fight for Myriad Goals
By JENNIFER MEDINA
and VIVIAN YEE
At the White House, President
Trump had proclaimed May 1 to be
“Loyalty Day,” a time for Ameri-
cans to reaffirm their commit-
ment to “individual liberties, to
limited government and to the in-
herent dignity of every human be-
ing” with Pledge of Allegiance cer-
emonies and a display of Ameri-
can flags.
Some Americans had other
plans.
In major cities and dozens of
smaller communities, protesters
marched for immigrants, for
workers, for women and for oth-
ers, grafting their myriad pleas
onto a day traditionally reserved
for the cause of laborers around
the world.
Many surrendered a shift’s pay.
Labor and immigrants’ rights
activists, criticizing Mr. Trump’s
detention and deportation
agenda, had called for a general
strike on May 1, also known as
May Day, to emphasize the over-
lap between the concerns of unau-
thorized immigrants — on whom
farms, restaurants, construction
projects and other industries de-
pend — and those of workers.
“Trump has pitted the U.S.
working class against migrant
workers and refugees, and so we
must strive to create bridges, not
bans or walls, to connect our
struggles together,”
representatives of the Interna-
tional Migrants Alliance wrote in
its call to assemble.
One of the marches, in Portland,
Ore., was ended by the police after
some protesters threw rocks, lead
balls, smoke bombs and full cans
of Pepsi at officers. The police
blamed anarchist groups — which
grants” — had turned out in the
rain by midafternoon, closing
large sections of the city’s Latino
community. Bakeries, markets,
restaurants and clothing stores
had shuttered for the day out of
solidarity or for lack of workers.
In Homestead, Fla., where im-
migrant farmworkers keep fields
of zucchini, beans, cherry to-
matoes and okra growing, over
1,000 people marched from a park
to City Hall. Many were not sure
how employers would react when
they returned to work on Tuesday.
Local activists had planned to ac-
company farmworkers back to
their jobs to offer support.
About 300 people gathered out-
side a Home Depot near Minne-
apolis to protest what they said
were the anti-labor practices of
some janitorial companies that
clean stores for Home Depot,
Sears and other retailers.
“We have no benefits. No vaca-
tion. We don’t have anything,” said
Antonia Sanchez, a Mexican im-
migrant who has worked for one JIM YOUNG/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
such contractor for nine years,
cleaning a Sears. “It doesn’t mat-
ter if we are black, white or brown.
What matters is that we stay
united and fight for what we de-
serve.”
In Austin, Tex., some immi-
grants’ rights advocates staged a
sit-in at the office of Gov. Greg Ab-
bott, a Republican, over legisla-
tion that would punish local offi-
cials and cities for refusing to help
the federal government with de-
portations. Outside the Immigra-
tion and Customs Enforcement of-
fice in San Francisco, protesters
blocked an intersection and a
driveway.
In New York, protesters in Un-
ion Square and Washington MICHELLE V. AGINS/THE NEW YORK TIMES RUTH FREMSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES

have disrupted other protests
since the election — for destroy-
ing a police car, attacking officers,
damaging windows and starting
fires. More than two dozen people
were arrested.
But most of the day’s events
were peaceful. In Grand Rapids,
Mich., more than 4,000 people —
twice the number of people who
sat out jobs and school days in
Grand Rapids on February’s na-
tionwide “Day Without Immi-
Jennifer Medina reported from Los
Angeles, and Vivian Yee from New
York. Reporting was contributed by
Matt Furber from Minneapolis, and
Annie Correal, Kate Taylor and Ni-
raj Chokshi from New York.
Square Park waved signs with slo-
gans in Spanish, like “Workers
united will never be defeated.”
There were more than 30 arrests,
mostly for disorderly conduct.
Marchers moved to Foley
Square in Lower Manhattan,
where Mayor Bill de Blasio
shouted to the crowd, just as a
double-decker tour bus rolled up,
“Everything Donald Trump wants
to do, I have a simple message:
No, you can’t! No se puede!”
Damian Rodriguez, the owner
of First Class Car and Limo Serv-
ice in Inwood, said his company
had given its 400 drivers the op-
tion of staying home on Monday
morning, and about 20 percent of
them accepted.
Protests on Monday in, clockwise from top, Chicago, Seattle and New York. As May Day commemorations go, Monday’s turnout
was extraordinary in the United States. But in a crowded calendar of anti-Trump dissent, the scenes took on the quality of a refrain.
“We all have family members cause without work, who’s going claring “No human is illegal” and and for America, for following the
and acquaintances who are af- to pay the bills?” he said in Span- “Sanctuary now!” marched about law,” said Dura Young, 60, a cur-
fected, who don’t have their pa- ish, to a murmur of approval from two miles from MacArthur Park to rency trader from Torrance, Calif.
pers and are afraid,” he said. a bakery worker behind the City Hall downtown. “It’s not immigrants, it’s the ille-
Still, for at least one limousine counter. The crowd swelled with mem- gals — they’ve committed a crime
driver, taking the day off was sim- As May Day commemorations bers of unions representing jani- by coming here. Of course they’re
ply unaffordable. As he bought go, Monday’s turnout was ex- tors, health care workers and ho- going to get deported.”
coffee and a pastry at a Do- traordinary. But in a crowded cal- tel employees, as well as members It was still Loyalty Day, and the
minican bakery in Washington endar of anti-Trump dissent — af- of the Writers Guild of America members of the pro-Trump coun-
Heights, Fernando Garcia, 49, ex- ter January’s Women’s March, and other Hollywood unions. terprotest began reciting the
plained that because he was a late April’s March for Science and Across the street from City Hall, Pledge of Allegiance. The pro-
partner in his company, they all Saturday’s People’s Climate dozens of police officers separated testers joined in. When it had
had to contribute equally or the March — the scenes and chants a few dozen Trump supporters ended, they were still shouting the
business would suffer. took on the quality of a refrain. from the protesters as they last words: “One nation under
Rent was due on May 1, he add- In Los Angeles, tens of thou- shouted bitterly at one another. God, indivisible, with liberty and
ed. “I’m going to work today be- sands of people holding signs de- “I’m here for the Constitution justice for all. For all. For all.”

Texas Immigration Bill Draws Protesters

By DAVE MONTGOMERY
and MANNY FERNANDEZ
AUSTIN, Tex. — About two doz-
en demonstrators held a daylong
sit-in at a state building on the
grounds of the Texas Capitol on
Monday to oppose legislation that
would ban so-called sanctuary ju-
risdictions in Texas.
The protesters called for Gov.
Greg Abbott to veto the bill, which
would require police chiefs and
sheriffs to cooperate with federal
immigration officials or face jail
time and fines.
The protesters and their sup-
porters filled the lobby of the State
Insurance Building here, an an-
nex of the governor’s office,
singing and clapping and chant-
ing, “Stand up, fight back!” Many
wore white T-shirts reading “S.B.
4,” for Senate Bill 4, with a slash
drawn through it. State troopers
stood quietly nearby.
About an hour into the protest,
participants sat down and blocked
the two lobby entrances, defying a
police request.
“It’s important for us to block
both doors to show the governor
we’re not afraid,” said Greg Casar, ELENA LUTZ/SAN ANTONIO EXPRESS-NEWS

an Austin city councilman who is
the son of Mexican immigrants
and led the protest.
The sit-in came to an end more
than nine hours after it started.
State troopers arrested the 22 pro-
testers after the close of the work-
day, placed them in handcuffs and
called in a magistrate to arraign
them on charges of criminal tres-
pass, a Class B misdemeanor pun-
ishable by up to 180 days in jail and
a fine of $2,000.
The bill has emerged as one of
the most contentious issues for
the Texas Legislature, stirring
marathon debates among law-
makers at packed overnight hear-
ings. It passed both the House and
the Senate, but in different forms,
and Republican leaders in both
chambers are sorting out how to
proceed before sending it to the
governor’s desk.
The version passed by the
House last week calls for jail time
and other penalties for officials
who refuse to honor a federal re-
quest to detain an undocumented
immigrant jailed by the local au-
thorities. And it would allow law
enforcement officers to question
the immigration status of a person
they have arrested or detained.
“I am deeply grieved but wholly
unsurprised that anti-immigrant
lawmakers in the Texas House
have taken a wrongheaded, racist
piece of legislation and made it a
‘show me your papers’ bill,” Terri
Burke, the executive director of
the A.C.L.U. of Texas, said in a
statement.
Opponents of a Texas bill that would ban so-called sanctuary ju-
risdictions held a sit-in at a state building in Austin on Monday.
The governor’s office did not re-
spond on Monday to requests for
comment.
The bill has angered immigrant
advocates, many of whom see it as
a variation of Arizona’s S.B. 1070.
That legislation, enacted in 2010,
gave local law enforcement offi-
cials broad authority to detain
people suspected of being in the
country illegally, and led to law-
suits, boycotts and the loss of con-
ventions and concerts.
Activists in Texas have been
trying to build momentum for a
similar backlash against S.B. 4.
The bill already has a handful of
national organizations focused on
stopping it, including Local Pro-
gress, a national network of pro-
gressive local elected officials that
is led by Brad Lander, a city coun-
cilman in New York City.
For months, Mr. Abbott and the
Republican-dominated Legisla-
ture have been outspoken against
local law enforcement officials
who fail to comply with federal im-
migration guidelines. Mr. Abbott
has been critical of two Hispanic
sheriffs in particular: Lupe Valdez
of Dallas County and Sally Her-
nandez of Travis County, which in-
cludes Austin. Earlier this year,
Mr. Abbott canceled state crimi-
nal-justice grants to Travis Coun-
ty over the issue.
Supporters of S.B. 4 defend it as
a simple law-and-order measure
that would ensure that local offi-
cials do not pick and choose which
laws they enforce.
“I think it’s a good, common-
sense policy that is going to pro-
tect the safety of all Texans,” said
State Representative Matt Rinal-
di, a Republican from the Dallas
suburb of Irving.
Police chiefs in some of Texas’
biggest cities have opposed the
bill, saying it would strain the rela-
tionship between law enforce-
ment and immigrant communities
and turn local police officers into
immigration agents without ade-
quate funding or support. The po-
lice chiefs in Arlington, Austin,
Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and
San Antonio were among those
who signed a letter opposing the
House version of the bill.
“Officers will start inquiring
about the immigration status of
every person they come in contact
with, or worse, only inquire about
the immigration status of individ-
uals based on their appearance,”
read the letter from two law en-
forcement groups, the Texas Ma-
jor Cities Chiefs and the Texas Po-
lice Chiefs Association. “This will
lead to distrust of police, less co-
operation from members of the
community, and will foster the be-
lief that they cannot seek assist-
ance from police for fear of being
subjected to an immigration sta-
tus investigation.”
A14 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N A15
A16 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Team
President Abruptly Ends CBS Interview After Question About Wiretaps
By GLENN THRUSH
and JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS
WASHINGTON — President
Trump marked his first 100 days in
office by attacking the news me-
dia with a calculated fury not seen
since the beginning of his admin-
istration — while rewarding the
journalists he allegedly loathes
with long, newsy chats in the Oval
Office, Air Force One rides and
meals.
Mr. Trump’s split-personality
approach to the press was on par-
ticular display on Saturday, when
he skipped the White House
Correspondents’ Association din-
ner to blast the news media in
front of a friendly rally audience in
Harrisburg, Pa., and then sat
down with John Dickerson, host of
CBS’s “Face the Nation,” for a
wide-ranging conversation.
The interview was the capstone
of a frenetic period in which Mr.
Trump sat for interviews with
representatives of the very media
he has publicly criticized and dis-
patched his top advisers to pro-
vide virtually nonstop briefings
for them. The president and his
aides made the case that he had
accomplished significant things
since taking office, despite Mr.
Trump’s lack of major legislative
achievements.
In his interview with Mr. Dick-
erson, the president veered from
sales mode to sullen defiance. The
first part, which aired on Sunday,
was all sales. The second part,
which aired on Monday, ended
when Mr. Trump walked away
abruptly after Mr. Dickerson
pressed him on his false claim, ex-
pressed on Twitter, that President
Barack Obama had placed a “tap”
on Trump Tower.
Mr. Trump said that while the
WHITE HOUSE MEMO
President Doesn’t Go
By the (History) Book
From Page A1
multiple historical novels.
“Trump’s not a student of history.
Trump’s an extraordinarily suc-
cessful, entrepreneurial per-
sonality who learns what he
needs to know when he needs to
know it. Trump is learning his-
tory as he governs.”
After Mr. Trump’s comments
led to criticism, he tried to clarify
Monday night on Twitter. “Presi-
dent Andrew Jackson, who died
16 years before the Civil War
started, saw it coming and was
angry,” he wrote. “Would never
have let it happen!”
Many presidents find history
absorbing, since they live it and
make it. President George W.
Bush read 14 books about Lincoln
during his time in office, seeking
inspiration and comfort. Presi-
dent Barack Obama made a point
of regularly hosting historians
like Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Robert A. Caro, David Kennedy
and Robert Dallek for dinners
examining how the travails of his
predecessors offered lessons for
his presidency.
But even presidents with more
evident interest have tripped up
over history from time to time.
Mr. Obama mangled World War
II events when he said his great-
uncle helped liberate Auschwitz,
which would have been possible
only if his great-uncle had been a
Soviet soldier. Aides later clari-
fied that Mr. Obama meant Bu-
chenwald, which was liberated by
American troops. Similarly, when
Peter Baker reported from Wash-
ington, and Jonah Engel
Bromwich from New York.
President Trump and members of the Independent Community Bankers Association on Monday.
former president had been “very
nice to me,” the two have had “dif-
ficulties.”
“You saw what happened with
surveillance,” Mr. Trump said, de-
clining to elaborate. Asked by Mr.
Dickerson, “What does that mean,
sir?” Mr. Trump said: “You can
figure that out yourself.”
When Mr. Dickerson asked
whether Mr. Trump stood by his
characterization of Mr. Obama as
“sick and bad,” the president ap-
peared to become agitated and
said, “You can take it any way you
want.”
“I have my own opinions,” Mr.
Trump continued, as Mr. Dicker-
son tried in vain to ask him for an
explanation. “You can have your
Mr. Obama referred to “Polish
death camps,” he generated a
storm of protest in Warsaw,
which always insists that they be
referred to as German death
camps on Polish territory.
Mr. Trump has made question-
able comments a regular feature
of his public discourse, going
back years. During the cam-
paign, he talked about thousands
of Muslims in the United States
cheering after the attacks of Sept.
11, 2001, despite a lack of evi-
dence. At a golf course in Virgin-
ia, he posted a plaque honoring
the “River of Blood” where so
many soldiers died in the Civil
War that “the water would turn
red,” even though historians said
no such battle took place there.
At an African-American His-
tory Month celebration in Febru-
ary, Mr. Trump seemed to sug-
gest that the 19th-century abo-
litionist Frederick Douglass was
still around. “Frederick Douglass
is an example of somebody who’s
done an amazing job and is being
recognized more and more, I
notice,” he said.
At a later fund-raiser for the
National Republican Congres-
sional Committee, he seemed
surprised that Lincoln belonged
to the Republican Party. “Great
president,” he said. “Most people
don’t even know he was a Repub-
lican, right? Does anyone know?
Lot of people don’t know that.”
No doubt many Americans are
not fully aware of the country’s
history, but most do know Lin-
coln was a Republican, according
to a Pew Research Center survey
in 2012. Fifty-five percent of those
polled correctly said Lincoln was
a Republican. Still, perhaps Mr.
own opinions.”
The president then ended the
interview, saying, “O.K., it’s
enough.”
Congressional investigators
from both parties have said they
have uncovered no evidence to
support Mr. Trump’s claims. But
congressional Republicans and
White House officials have said
that some communications of Mr.
Trump’s associates were picked
up as part of routine surveillance
conducted by American intelli-
gence agencies.
The testy exchange was at odds
with the image of competence and
message discipline White House
officials have labored to show
over the past week, as they have
Trump was thinking about the 28
percent who thought the Great
Emancipator was a Democrat.
Even his staff has found trou-
ble over historically loose com-
ments. Sean Spicer, the White
House press secretary, asserted
at a briefing that Hitler did not
use chemical weapons against
his own people. Mr. Spicer
quickly apologized.
“Trump seems almost uniquely
ill-equipped to process history,
whether because of his lack of
empathy, his allergy to complex-
ity, or his tendency to keep dis-
tant from anything that might
carry the whiff of defeat,” said
Paul Starobin, author of the
newly released “Madness Rules
the Hour,” about the confronta-
tion at Charleston, S.C., that led to
the Civil War. “History is not tidy.
Trump likes tidy. He likes slo-
gans. History doesn’t offer any.”
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
tried to demonstrate progress
around Mr. Trump’s 100-day mark,
a time frame the president re-
jected as ridiculous but has gone
out of his way to frame as an un-
paralleled success.
While he takes pains to hide it
from his supporters, Mr. Trump’s
public churl is often followed by
private charm. Shortly after cut-
ting short the interview on Satur-
day, Mr. Dickerson flew with the
president on Air Force One and
then had dinner with him, accord-
ing to a person with knowledge of
the interaction.
“I love your show,” he said sar-
castically to Mr. Dickerson at one
point in the interview. “I call it ‘De-
face the Nation.’”
The latest historical question
mark came in an interview Mr.
Trump gave to The Washington
Examiner in which he discussed
Andrew Jackson. Mr. Trump has
embraced Jackson as a kindred
populist spirit railing against the
establishment ever since Mr.
Gingrich and Stephen K. Bannon,
now the president’s chief strat-
egist, told him of the similarities
last year. Mr. Trump has hung a
portrait of Jackson in the Oval
Office and visited his estate.
“I mean, had Andrew Jackson
been a little later, you wouldn’t
have had the Civil War,” he told
The Examiner. “He was a very
tough person, but he had a big
heart. He was really angry that
he saw what was happening with
regard to the Civil War; he said,
‘There’s no reason for this.’”
Mr. Trump added: “People
don’t realize, you know, the Civil
On Monday, the White House
reverted to a less subtle way of de-
livering its message, releasing a
campaign advertisement declar-
ing his administration’s beginning
a triumph, and questioning the
way the press has covered him.
The 30-second television ad and
a series of more targeted versions
that are to run online were the lat-
est examples of Mr. Trump’s ex-
traordinarily early return to cam-
paigning at a point when most
presidents would be spending
their time pushing through their
highest legislative priorities.
“America has rarely seen such
success,” the narrator says in the
ad, listing the confirmation of Jus-
tice Neil M. Gorsuch to the Su-
preme Court, companies invest-
ing in jobs in the United States, the
elimination of “regulations that
kill American jobs” and the ap-
proval of the Keystone XL pipe-
line.
“You wouldn’t know it from
watching the news,” the narrator
adds, showing the faces of an-
chors for mainstream news
broadcasters as the words “FAKE
NEWS” flash across the screen in
large red letters.
The ad also mentions “the big-
gest tax cut plan in history,” with-
out mentioning that Mr. Trump
has yet to offer any legislation —
or even a set of policy prescrip-
tions — for reordering the tax
code to achieve the enormous cuts
for businesses and individuals
that he has endorsed.
It also does not mention Mr.
Trump’s failed attempt to push
through a health care overhaul, af-
ter having vowed that the repeal
and replacement of the Affordable
Care Act would be his earliest pri-
ority. Nor is there any reference to
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
War, if you think about it, why?
People don’t ask that question,
but why was there the Civil War?
Why could that one not have been
worked out?”
While he demonstrated knowl-
edge of other details of Jackson’s
life, the Civil War comments set
off a wave of scorn online. “PO-
TUS says that Andrew Jackson
(who died in 1845) ‘was really
angry’ about the Civil War,” Sena-
tor Tim Kaine of Virginia wrote
on Twitter. “Paging the Depart-
ment of Education . . . ”
John Weaver, a longtime advis-
er to Senator John McCain, Re-
publican of Arizona, and other
politicians, mocked Mr. Trump
with a reference to a supposed
terrorist attack in Kentucky that
one of his aides once cited er-
roneously. “Too bad Pres. Jack-
son didn’t ride up to Bowling
Green/sit down with Frederick
his attempts to crack down on ille-
gal immigration, which have
largely stalled.
Congress has refused to provide
any money for the border wall
that was his most talked-about
campaign promise, and courts
have blocked two of his efforts to
bar travelers from six predomi-
nantly Muslim countries and to
defund so-called sanctuary cities
that refuse to help the federal au-
thorities track and deport illegal
immigrants.
The TV advertisement was paid
for by Mr. Trump’s re-election
campaign, for which he filed pa-
pers in January, on the day he was
sworn in. The campaign said it
would spend $1.5 million to air the
ad across the country, a relatively
small sum that does not indicate a
major national public relations of-
fensive.
But airing the ad underscored
Mr. Trump’s remarkably early re-
turn to partisan politics, a strat-
egy that has included a series of
re-election campaign rallies that
began only weeks into his presi-
dency.
The latest such gathering was
in Harrisburg, timed to coincide
with the White House
Correspondents’ Dinner.
Yet even as he gleefully
snubbed it, Mr. Trump offered an
exclusive interview to the associa-
tion’s president, Jeff Mason of
Reuters. It was arguably the most
telling of the dozen or so sit-downs
the president conducted.
“I loved my previous life. I had
so many things going,” Mr. Trump
told Reuters in an interview just
before the dinner. “This is more
work than in my previous life. I
thought it would be easier.”
A statue of Andrew Jackson in
Lafayette Square, across the
street from the White House.
Douglass at besieged Nordstroms
& figure out Civil War thingy,” Mr.
Weaver wrote.
Jackson, a slave owner who
believed in the use of force if
necessary to preserve the Union,
did not live to see the Civil War,
but Mr. Trump may have been
thinking of the Nullification Crisis
of 1832-33, when Jackson threat-
ened to send troops after South
Carolina declared tariffs imposed
by the federal government null
and void and threatened to se-
cede. That was a precursor, in a
sense, to the crisis that precipi-
tated the Civil War in 1861.
“That’s similar in vein to what
one would say about the Civil
War,” said Michael Dubke, the
White House communications
director. “I’m sure something
along those lines is what the
president was referring to.”
Mr. Gingrich suggested that
Mr. Trump was onto something in
suggesting that Jackson, rather
than James Buchanan, who was
passive as Southern states seced-
ed, would have been more suited
to stopping the slide to war.
“Compare Jackson with Buchan-
an, and you could make a pretty
good argument that had Jackson
been president in 1856, there
wouldn’t have been a Civil War
because he would have crushed
it,” Mr. Gingrich said.
Jon Meacham, a Jackson biog-
rapher, agreed that Mr. Trump
probably meant the Nullification
Crisis, but he said the question on
what caused the Civil War sug-
gested Mr. Trump might have
been referring to a deal to avert
conflict short of abolishing slav-
ery. “The expansion of slavery
caused the Civil War,” he said.
“And you can’t get around that. So
what does Trump mean? Would
he have let slavery exist but not
expand? That’s the counterfac-
tual question you have to ask.”

THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Agenda
Trump Garbles Pitch on a Revised Health Bill
By ROBERT PEAR
WASHINGTON — After two
false starts on President Trump’s
promise to repeal the Affordable
Care Act, Trump administration
officials ratcheted up pressure on
the House on Monday to vote on a
revised version of the Republican
repeal bill this week, even as sup-
port may actually be eroding.
The president complicated his
pitch with a jumble of statements
that indicated he did not fully un-
derstand the content of the meas-
ure he was pushing. He insisted
that the repeal bill would protect
Americans with pre-existing med-
ical conditions, as the Affordable
Care Act does. But a host of medi-
cal groups and disease advocacy
organizations said it would not.
“I want it to be good for sick
people,” Mr. Trump said in an in-
terview with Bloomberg News.
“It’s not in its final form right now.
It will be every bit as good on pre-
existing conditions as Oba-
macare.”
Representative Billy Long, Re-
publican of Missouri, said on Mon-
day: “I have always stated that
one of the few good things about
Obamacare is that people with
pre-existing conditions would be
covered.” The Republicans’ latest
version “strips away any guaran-
tee that pre-existing conditions
would be covered and affordable,”
he said.
Still promising that the votes
would come, senior White House
officials pressed on. Vice Presi-
dent Mike Pence headed to Capi-
Kate Zernike contributed report-
ing from New York, and Thomas
Kaplan from Washington.
President Takes Aim at Lunch Guidelines and a Girls’ Education Program
By ERICA L. GREEN
and JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS
WASHINGTON — The Trump
administration took aim Monday
at two signature programs of the
former first lady Michelle Obama,
rolling back her efforts to promote
healthy school lunches nation-
wide and potentially rebranding
her program to educate adoles-
cent girls abroad.
Agriculture Secretary Sonny
Perdue announced that school
meals would no longer have to
meet some requirements con-
nected with Mrs. Obama’s initia-
tive to combat childhood obesity
by overhauling the nation’s school
menus.
The nutrition regulations were
part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free
Kids Act of 2010 and were advocat-
ed by Mrs. Obama’s “Let’s Move”
campaign. For the last five years,
schools have been required to re-
duce the amount of calories, fat
and sodium in their cafeterias and
increase offerings of whole grains,
fruits and vegetables, and nonfat
milk to the roughly 32 million stu-
dents who receive federally subsi-
dized meals.
Beginning next school year,
schools can request an exemption
from the whole grain require-
ments and delay the sodium man-
date. They will also be able to
serve 1 percent flavored milk in-
stead of nonfat.
Mr. Perdue said the Obama-era
rules had resulted in increased
costs for school districts and de-
clining participation in the federal
school lunch program. He said re-
laxing the rules was part of the ad-
ministration’s effort to “make
school meals great again.”
“If kids aren’t eating the food,
and it’s ending up in the trash,
they aren’t getting any nutrition
— thus undermining the intent of
the program,” said Mr. Perdue,
who announced the changes with
tol Hill on Monday evening to
twist the arms of Republicans
while the White House chief of
staff, Reince Priebus, sent texts to
wavering members.
“We’re getting closer and closer
every day,” the White House press
secretary, Sean Spicer, said, but he
acknowledged that “we’re not
there yet.”
But a coalition of 10 advocacy
groups — including the American
Heart Association, the American
Lung Association, the March of
Dimes and the American Cancer
Society’s Cancer Action Network
— urged a “no” vote.
“As Congress considers this leg-
islation, we challenge lawmakers
to remember their commitment to
their constituents and the Ameri-
can people to protect lifesaving
health care for millions of Ameri-
cans, including those who strug-
gle every day with chronic and
other major health conditions,”
the groups said.
Since Sunday, Mr. Trump has
repeatedly insisted that the Re-
publican health legislation would
not allow discrimination against
people with pre-existing condi-
tions. Which bill Mr. Trump was
referring to is not clear.
Since the first version of the
American Health Care Act failed
to win enough House support on
March 24, revisions to win over
the conservative House Freedom
Caucus have undermined protec-
tions for the sick. The conserva-
tives finally endorsed the legisla-
tion last week after House leaders
revised it to permit states to opt
out of several mandates in the Af-
fordable Care Act.
States could, for example, allow
a signed proclamation on Monday
after having lunch with students
at Catoctin Elementary School in
Leesburg, Va. Mr. Perdue, a for-
mer governor of Georgia, was just
confirmed last week.
Nutrition advocates said the
move by the Trump administra-
tion was shortsighted.
“Just because children would
rather eat heavily salted, pro-
cessed foods at school doesn’t
mean they should,” said Ken Cook,
president of the Environmental
Working Group. “The president’s
fondness for Big Macs and KFC is
well known, but we shouldn’t let
Colonel Sanders and McDonald’s
run the school cafeteria.”
Since schools began complying
with the nutrition standards in
Michelle Obama, during a school visit in Alexandria, Va., in 2012, championed healthier lunches.
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
insurers to provide a more limited
package of health benefits than
the Affordable Care Act requires.
With a waiver, states could also al-
low insurers to charge higher pre-
miums to some people with pre-
existing conditions, if states had
an alternative mechanism such as
a high-risk pool or a reinsurance
program to provide or subsidize
coverage for people with serious
illnesses.
But such high-risk pools did not
always work well before the Af-
fordable Care Act’s outright ban
on discriminating against people
with pre-existing conditions took
effect.
Mr. Trump appeared to be unfa-
miliar with details of an amend-
An assertion about
pre-existing conditions
is contradicted.
ment offered by Representative
Tom MacArthur, Republican of
New Jersey, that would allow
states to obtain a waiver permit-
ting insurers to charge higher pre-
miums based on the “health sta-
tus” of a person who had experi-
enced a gap in coverage.
That amendment won an en-
dorsement of the bill from the
House Freedom Caucus, but alien-
ated other Republicans. Mr. Long,
for instance, voted for an earlier
version of the bill in the Energy
and Commerce Committee in
early March.
Mr. Trump did not explain how
the Republicans’ new health plan
2012, many have complained that
they are too stringent and costly.
The new rules were projected to
cost $3.2 billion over five years,
but Mr. Perdue said they had cost
states an additional $1.22 billion in
the 2015 fiscal year alone.
Congress has allowed states to
apply for waivers if they cannot
meet certain standards.
Nancy Brown, chief executive
of the American Heart Associa-
tion, said in a statement that
schools were moving forward to
meet the requirements. The orga-
nization denounced the Agricul-
ture Department’s relaxation of
the rules, noting that more sodium
and sugar would increase stu-
dents’ blood pressure and put
them at greater risk of heart dis-
would produce “much lower pre-
miums.” In its analysis of the last
version of the repeal bill, the non-
partisan Congressional Budget
Office said that average premi-
ums in 2018 and 2019 “would be 15
percent to 20 percent higher un-
der the legislation than under cur-
rent law.” By 2026, it said, average
premiums would be roughly 10
percent lower than under current
law.
How the revisions might affect
those figures — or the estimated
24 million more Americans who
would lack insurance under the
original bill after 10 years — may
not be known when the House
votes on the new version. Repre-
sentative Chris Collins, Republi-
can of New York and a top Trump
ally, said Republicans were not
planning to seek a new cost-and-
impact estimate from the Con-
gressional Budget Office.
White House officials ex-
pressed confidence on Monday
that they were nearing success, at
least in the House. “Do we have
the votes for health care? I think
we do,” Gary D. Cohn, director of
the White House National Eco-
nomic Council, said in an inter-
view with “CBS This Morning.”
On the same show, Mr. Priebus
predicted that the health care bill
would be “one of the fastest pieces
of signature legislation to go
through for a president since
Roosevelt.”
(The American Recovery and
Reinvestment Act, President
Barack Obama’s far-reaching eco-
nomic stimulus program, was
signed into law Feb. 17, 2009, a
month after his inauguration.)
Representative K. Michael
ease and strokes.
Ms. Brown said her organiza-
tion was “very disappointed that
the U.S.D.A. has decided to put
special interests back on the
school menu,” and added, “We
strongly urge the agency and Con-
gress not to give politics priority
over the health of our children.”
Last month, Senator Pat Rob-
erts, a Kansas Republican who
leads the Senate Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition and Forest-
ry, asked Mr. Perdue to have the
Agriculture Department provide
“immediate relief” from the regu-
lations, some of which were to
take effect July 1. On Monday, Mr.
Roberts accompanied Mr. Perdue
in his announcement, which
coincided with the start of School
ALEX WONG/GETTY IMAGES
ILANA PANICH-LINSMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Representative K. Michael Conaway of Texas said he thought
House Republicans would be able to pass a repeal bill this week.
Conaway of Texas, who counts
votes as a member of the Republi-
can whip team, said he thought
Republicans would be able to get
the votes needed to pass a repeal
bill in the House this week.
Mr. Trump insisted that the
bill’s approach to pre-existing con-
ditions had been misreported.
“When I watch some of the
news reports, which are so unfair,
and they say we don’t cover pre-
existing conditions — we cover it
beautifully,” the president said.
Mr. MacArthur’s amendment,
embraced by House Republican
leaders, says, “Nothing in this act
shall be construed as permitting
health insurance issuers to limit
access to health coverage for indi-
viduals with pre-existing condi-
tions.”
But the amendment also says
that the federal government can
grant waivers allowing insurers to
consider “health status” as a fac-
tor in setting rates. Rates for a per-
son with cancer, diabetes or multi-
Nutrition Employee Week.
Representatives of the national
School Nutrition Association
cheered the regulatory rollback.
“We have been wanting flexibility
so that schools can serve meals
that are both nutritious and palat-
able,” said the group’s chief execu-
tive, Patricia Montague.
This flexibility will be wel-
comed in at least one part of the
country, Mr. Perdue said.
“A perfect example is in the
South, where the schools want to
serve grits,” he said. “But the
whole grain variety has little black
flakes in it, and the kids won’t eat
it. The school is compliant with the
whole grain requirements, but no
one is eating the grits. That does-
n’t make any sense.”
The Trump administration also
indicated on Monday that it was
eyeing another program Mrs.
Obama promoted.
It was not clear how serious the
administration was about target-
ing the program, Let Girls Learn,
which was spearheaded by Presi-
dent Barack Obama and Mrs.
Obama in 2015 to increase educa-
tional opportunities for adoles-
cent girls who face physical dan-
ger and other obstacles to going to
school.
In a letter circulated internally
this week, a Peace Corps official
said the initiative would no longer
use the Let Girls Learn brand or
operate as a discrete program, ac-
cording to people familiar with the
document, which was first re-
ported by CNN.
A senior administration official
said there was no plan to end or
even rebrand the program, calling
the letter a result of an unauthor-
ized and erroneous decision by a
career government employee.
When Secretary of State Rex W.
Tillerson’s staff learned of the
memo on Monday, they insisted
that it be reviewed, said the offi-
N A17
ple sclerosis could be far higher
than the standard rate, effectively
pricing the sick out of the market
without technically blocking cov-
erage, critics say.
“Health status underwriting
could effectively make coverage
completely unaffordable to people
with pre-existing conditions,” the
American Medical Association
said in a letter urging opposition.
The possibility that Republi-
cans would muster a majority for
the repeal bill set off alarms
among supporters of the Afford-
able Care Act.
“We were actually more con-
cerned when it didn’t come up for
a vote last time because that
meant there was no room for com-
promise at the middle,” said Va-
lerie Fleisher, an organizer of 412
Resistance, a protest group out-
side Pittsburgh. “It would have to
move more to the extreme, more
to the right, to get the votes that it
needed from the Freedom Cau-
cus.”
cial, who discussed private delib-
erations on the condition of ano-
nymity.
R. C. Hammond, Mr. Tillerson’s
spokesman, declined to answer
questions, providing only a terse
statement that said, “No changes
have been made to the Let Girls
Learn program.” He referred ad-
ditional queries to the Peace
Corps, which did not return phone
calls and emails seeking com-
ment.
But former officials expressed
alarm that members of Mr.
Trump’s administration would
even consider trying to redefine
an initiative that gained traction,
and its name, under Mrs. Obama’s
stewardship after the world re-
acted with outrage to the kidnap-
ping of nearly 300 schoolgirls in
Nigeria by the Boko Haram ter-
rorist group.
“If this administration wants to
move in a different direction on
girls’ education, that’s certainly
their right and understandable,
but to tear down a message that
was erected in the wake of this ter-
rible incident that happened in Ni-
geria, and that the world rallied
around, I think it is really shame-
ful,” said Brett Plitt Bruen, an
Obama administration official
who helped create the program.
The initiative predated Mrs.
Obama’s involvement, but she
traveled the world and recruited
dozens of celebrities, including
Alicia Keys, Anne Hathaway and
Shonda Rhimes, to promote and
participate in it.
“It was effective before the first
lady got involved, and it became
even more powerful when her
brand and her office were
associated with it,” Mr. Bruen
said. “And to say we’re going to
stop the campaign or change it
just to distance it from her is to un-
dermine everything that was
achieved.”
A18 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Agenda
Budget Deal Allots $120 Million More for First Family’s Security
By NICHOLAS FANDOS
WASHINGTON — Congress
would allocate more than $120 mil-
lion in additional money to help
cover the escalating costs of pro-
tecting the Trump family and
Trump Tower under a bipartisan
spending agreement that appears
poised to pass this week.
About half of the money, nearly
$60 million, is earmarked for the
Secret Service, with most of it go-
ing toward protecting the presi-
dent while he is traveling and se-
curity for Trump Tower in New
York City, according to legislation
being circulated on Monday.
Another roughly $60 million
would be set aside in a rare provi-
sion to reimburse localities, like
New York City and Palm Beach
County in Florida, that have in-
curred “extraordinary law en-
forcement personnel costs”
associated with protecting Mr.
Trump’s residences since Election
Day.
The additional funding, which
comes after weeks of mostly be-
hind-the-scenes lobbying, reflects
the tremendous costs associated
with protecting the lifestyle of Mr.
Trump and his family. And it is
likely to provide relief to those
who have borne the brunt of the
effort — if only for the next five
months, when the current fiscal
year ends.
The Secret Service has been
particularly strained as it tries to
keep up with its new protectees,
who include a first lady and a son
living at Trump Tower and Mr.
Trump’s frequently traveling
adult children. The agency had re-
quested additional money earlier
this year.
The legislation provides the Se-
cret Service with $34 million for
the increased cost of physical pro-
tection of Mr. Trump for the rest of
the fiscal year. The money could
be used flexibly to protect the first
family in New York and when it
travels. The family’s travels, from
business trips to Vancouver and
Dubai by Mr. Trump’s adult sons
to ski weekends in Aspen, Colo.,
and Whistler, British Columbia, by
his daughter Ivanka have become
a constant point of criticism
among Democrats.
Another $23 million would go
specifically toward covering the
costs of outfitting Trump Tower
with the necessary equipment
and personnel, as well as to rent
space inside the building for
agency personnel, according to a
Department of Homeland Securi-
ty official who was familiar with
the funding bill but was not yet au-
thorized to discuss it. Mr. Trump
has not returned to the tower, his
primary residence and the corpo-
rate headquarters of the Trump
Organization, since Inauguration
Day, but his wife, Melania, and son
Barron have been living there full
time.
The agreement also funds sev-
eral significant one-time costs
associated with presidential pro-
tection that predate the Trump ad-
ministration. Among them are $50
Congress’s Bipartisan Deal Sets Template for Bypassing Trump
WASHINGTON — By cutting
a bipartisan spending compro-
mise among themselves, Repub-
licans and Democrats in Con-
gress not only prevented the
White House from
CARL delivering on Pres-
ident Trump’s
HULSE priorities in his
very first budget,
ON
they also drafted a
WASHINGTON
handy blueprint
for circumventing the Trump
administration in the future.
It was an outcome that should
worry the new president even
though Mr. Trump will be spared
the humiliation of a government
shutdown early in his tenure if
he signs the legislation.
“We were sort of a united
front, Republicans and
Democrats, opposed to Trump,”
said Senator Chuck Schumer of
New York, the Democratic
leader, in an interview.
Not exactly the words a presi-
dent wants to hear in the open-
ing months of his term — that
the two usually warring parties
on Capitol Hill instead joined
forces to gang up on him. But
that is essentially what hap-
pened.
Republicans, protective of
their spending priorities, chose
to cooperate with Democrats in
the House and Senate to work
out a five-month package they
could all live with, ignoring de-
mands from the White House for
deep spending cuts in areas like
environmental protection.
By insisting on proposals that
both parties on Capitol Hill knew
could not pass — the border wall
funding in particular — the
White House took itself out of the
game and ceded power to Con-
gress. Members of both parties,
freed to direct money to favored
initiatives, eagerly seized the
opportunity and increased fund-
ing for agencies such as the
National Institutes of Health
rather than cutting it.
“Although this wasn’t the bill I
million for the installation of long-
awaited White House fence seg-
ments intended to improve securi-
ty at the Executive Mansion and
$13 million to make overtime pay-
ments incurred during last year’s
presidential campaign.
In total, the Secret Service
spends more than $750 million of
its $1.8 billion budget on protective
operations. That includes not only
protection of the White House
compound, Mr. Trump, his family
and other current and former top
government officials, but also se-
curity for visiting foreign digni-
taries and the United Nations
General Assembly each year.
The agency declined to com-
ment on the legislation.
Aside from the Secret Service,
the biggest beneficiaries under
the agreement would be New
York City and Palm Beach County,
where Mr. Trump and his family
have spent the bulk of their time
away from Washington since
would have written on my own,
we showed that when Democrats
and Republicans work together
and reject President Trump’s
demands, we can make progress
and get things done for the work-
ers, women and middle-class
families we represent,” said
Senator Patty Murray of Wash-
ington, the No. 3 Senate Demo-
crat.
Democrats were in a celebra-
tory mood, issuing news releases
highlighting pet projects includ-
ed in the measure to be voted on
this week. “Omnibus Bill Reflects
Democrats’ Values to Protect
Health Care, Environment and
Education,” read the headline on
a letter from Representative
Nancy Pelosi of California, the
Democratic leader.
Republicans, perhaps in no
rush to stick their thumb in the
eye of a president known for his
itchy Twitter finger, were more
restrained. But many are not
enthusiastic about the border
wall, and there was plenty in the
1,665-page bill for them to like,
such as an increase in Pentagon
spending and more money to
reduce the opioid addiction
plaguing many of their states.
Senator Mitch McConnell,
Republican of Kentucky and the
majority leader, professed partic-
ular satisfaction at a permanent
extension of health benefits for
retired coal miners and assist-
ance for communities and work-
ers hit by the downturn in coal
mining. The deal was exactly the
sort of something-for-everyone
grab bag that used to be a stand-
ard feature of Congress before
the breakdown in passing the
annual spending bills.
Most of the displeasure with
the legislation was being ex-
pressed off Capitol Hill by con-
servative groups that found it a
rank capitulation to Democrats
and Trump opponents.
“The late-night closed-door
budget deal provides no funding
for President Trump’s signature
KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Election Day. Bedminster, N.J.,
where Mr. Trump owns another
golf club and is expected to spend
time in the coming weeks and
months, would also be eligible to
apply for the funds.
Congress had previously ap-
proved $7 million to reimburse lo-
cal law enforcement for the costs
of protecting Mr. Trump between
Election Day and the inaugura-
tion. The new agreement will pro-
vide that money, plus $20 million
for the same period and $41 million
for the period from Jan. 20 until
the end of the fiscal year.
“Although the federal govern-
ment does not otherwise reim-
burse costs of state or local law en-
forcement for activities in support
of the United States Secret Serv-
ice protection mission,” the legis-
lation reads, “these funds are be-
ing provided in recognition of the
extraordinary costs borne by a
small number of jurisdictions in
which a residence of the president
Top, Senators Chuck Schumer, left, and Patrick J. Leahy, both
Democrats, met reporters Monday. Aid for coal miners pleased
Senator Mitch McConnell, above, the Republican leader.
promise of a border wall,” said
Bob Dane, the executive director
of the Federation for American
Immigration Reform. “Other
provisions of the budget deal
effectively sell out the very peo-
ple who delivered key swing
states to him last November.”
At the White House, Sean
Spicer, the spokesman, played
down any defeats for the White
House and said the president’s
Secret Service agents surrounded Marine One as the president
left Joint Base Andrews in Maryland last week. Under the deal,
the Secret Service would receive nearly $60 million more, and
localities like New York City, left, roughly the same.
is located.”
More than 100 days into Mr.
Trump’s presidency, those juris-
dictions said they have yet to see
any federal money and are still
awaiting instructions on how to
apply for the bulk of the reim-
bursement.
New York City has shouldered
the heaviest cost since Mr. Trump
was elected. James P. O’Neill, the
police commissioner, wrote in a
letter in February to the state’s
congressional delegation that the
Police Department had spent
$300,000 a day protecting Trump
Tower between Election Day and
Inauguration Day and $127,000 to
$145,000 a day since then, on top of
other costs.
In Florida, home to Mr. Trump’s
Mar-a-Lago resort, the Palm
Beach County Sheriff’s Office has
said it was spending an additional
$60,000 a day in overtime when
Mr. Trump was in town. He has
visited seven times since Inaugu-
ration Day, spending a total of 25
days there.
And Bedminster, about an hour
outside New York City, said its 16-
person police force spent $300,000
protecting Mr. Trump when he
held meetings at the club during
the presidential transition period.
Later this week, Mr. Trump is
scheduled to return to New York
City for the first time since taking
office to commemorate the 75th
anniversary of a World War II na-
val battle. It is unclear if Mr.
Trump will stay at his Trump
ERIC THAYER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
priorities would be better re-
flected in the coming budget for
the fiscal year that begins Oct. 1.
He portrayed new border securi-
ty funding included in the cur-
rent budget deal as a step toward
constructing the wall.
“Make no mistake: The wall
will be built,” he said.
But this budget deal made it
abundantly clear that Democrats
retain real leverage on spending
AL DRAGO/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Tower triplex or return to Bed-
minster, which is likely to become
a more frequent presidential re-
treat as the weather warms.
The federal reimbursement,
which was championed by law-
makers representing the local-
ities, was greeted as a relief, even
as there were concerns that it may
prove insufficient. The legislation
also specifies that the funds are to
be used for reimbursement of
costs incurred before Sept. 30, the
end of the fiscal year, meaning
that Congress is likely to have to
take up the issue again.
“We are getting what we are
owed,” Mayor Bill de Blasio of
New York said in a statement
thanking New York’s congres-
sional delegation for helping se-
cure the funds. “That’s good news
for our city and the hardworking
police officers faced with this un-
precedented security challenge.”
The Palm Beach County Sher-
iff’s Office declined to comment on
Monday, but Representative Ted
Deutch, Democrat of Florida, who
represents parts of Palm Beach
County, said he was grateful the
county’s taxpayers would not be
on the hook. Still, he said, the
agreement provided only a tem-
porary solution.
“This is an important step,” Mr.
Deutch said. “But now and by the
end of the funding bill, we have to
have a discussion about whether
it is appropriate for the president
to bill the taxpayers for trips to his
private club.”
because of the Senate filibuster.
Getting them to go along with
the funding for the wall probably
will not get any easier in the next
budget. Mr. Trump himself ex-
pressed new frustration with the
Senate in an interview aired
Sunday by CBS’s “Face the Na-
tion.”
“I think the rules in Congress,
and in particular the rules in the
Senate, are unbelievably archaic
and slow-moving and, in many
cases, unfair,” he said. “In many
cases, you’re forced to make
deals that are not the deal you’d
make. You’d make a much differ-
ent kind of a deal.”
But after the Senate just
changed procedure to ban
filibusters against Supreme
Court nominees, it is unlikely
senators will be in a hurry to
institute an even more sweeping
change to gut the legislative
filibuster that instills individual
senators with greater power —
especially to win money for a
wall many of them don’t want.
Instead, members of the
House and Senate now have
clear evidence they can success-
fully work together in certain
cases and deliver a product they
support even if it does not do all
that the White House wants. It
could serve as a template for
putting together the next round
of spending bills.
“This gives me a great deal of
optimism about getting a full-
year budget for 2018 if we follow
this pattern,” Mr. Schumer said.
After Mr. Trump’s election,
some Republicans feared that the
new president might be too will-
ing to work with Democrats at
the expense of Republicans. But
the spending deal showed that it
might be pragmatic Republicans
and Democrats on Capitol Hill
who are occasionally willing to
get together — and that union
could come at a cost to the presi-
dent.
K
After Dust
Settles,
Winners
And Losers
By THOMAS KAPLAN
WASHINGTON — In the early
days of the Trump presidency,
Republicans and Democrats on
Capitol Hill have not agreed on
much. But they have come to-
gether to keep the government
open for the next several months.
The more than $1 trillion
spending deal that congressional
leaders reached on Sunday was
an act of compromise, a rarity in
a highly polarized Congress.
But that was the easy part. The
fiscal year is already more than
halfway over, and the new spend-
ing package — which must still
be approved by lawmakers —
covers only the next five months.
A bigger fight awaits as the year
goes on and President Trump
tries to put his imprint on the
budget for the next fiscal year,
which begins Oct. 1.
Loser: President Trump
The Trump administration has
little to brag about in this deal.
The agreement provides an
additional $15 billion in military
spending, but that is only half of
what Mr. Trump had sought.
The White House budget direc-
tor, Mick Mulvaney, argued on
Monday that Republicans scored
some wins in the budget deal.
“I saw how the Democrats
thought they did a great job and
how they think we didn’t,” he
said. “I think it’s great that the
Democrats like the bill. That’s
fantastic. We thought it was a
really good deal for this adminis-
tration as well.”
The Trump administration
called for $18 billion in cuts to
domestic programs. Lawmakers
were not receptive, and their
response provides a preview of
how members of Congress from
both parties might respond as
Mr. Trump presses for bigger
cuts in the 2018 budget.
Consider the fate of the Na-
tional Institutes of Health. The
Trump administration sought a
$1.2 billion reduction in funding
for the agency for the current
fiscal year, but congressional
negotiators ended up agreeing on
a $2 billion increase.
Winner: Congressional Democrats
Consigned to the minority and
still processing their grief over
the presidential election,
Democrats in Congress entered
this year in a fairly bleak state.
But spending measures are one
area where they can still exert
considerable influence even
while in the minority.
Democrats emerged from the
spending talks with a respectable
list of victories, including provid-
ing funds for Puerto Rico’s Med-
icaid program as well as for costs
incurred by local law enforce-
ment — like the New York Police
Department — to protect Mr.
Trump and his family. But even
more significantly, the
Democrats were able to push
back on Mr. Trump.
Loser: Border wall builders
Few campaign promises have
been as central and as polarizing
as Mr. Trump’s oft-repeated vow
to build a wall along the border
with Mexico, which he insisted
Mexico would pay for. Mr. Trump
had wanted money in the spend-
ing deal to go toward the wall,
but he backed down — a crucial
concession that helped smooth
the path for congressional nego-
tiators completing the deal. (The
agreement does include more
funding for border security.) Mr.
Trump insists he will build his
wall, meaning that lawmakers
are likely to face pressure to
come up with funding.
Winner: Coal miners
A standoff over health care for
retired coal miners raised the
prospect of a government shut-
down in December. Ultimately,
Senator Joe Manchin III, Demo-
crat of West Virginia, and other
Democrats backed down, and the
lights stayed on.
But Mr. Manchin and others
vowed to continue their fight.
The agreement reached by law-
makers includes a permanent
extension of health benefits for
retired miners who faced losing
coverage, a win for Mr. Manchin;
Mitch McConnell, Republican of
Kentucky and the Senate major-
ity leader; and other lawmakers
from coal states.
Winner: Planned Parenthood
Despite the desire of congres-
sional Republicans to cut off
federal funds to Planned Parent-
hood, the spending package
spares the organization.
Alan Rappeport contributed re-
porting.

THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Agenda
‘You’re the Best,’ Trump Once Told Pelosi. Can They Cooperate Again?
By MATT FLEGENHEIMER
and MAGGIE HABERMAN
WASHINGTON — The mes-
sage came in a distant January, at
the dawn of a power transfer in
Washington — dictated, like so
much would be in due time, by
something Donald J. Trump saw
in the news.
“Nancy — you’re the best,” Mr.
Trump wrote to Nancy Pelosi at
the beginning of 2007, scribbling
on an article about her swearing-
in as House speaker after
Democrats seized control of the
chamber. “Congrats. Donald.”
Mr. Trump had a small hand in
her elevation. He had made a
$20,000 donation to the
Democratic Congressional Cam-
paign Committee.
A decade later, long after the
two first made a gilded acquaint-
ance at Trump Tower in Manhat-
tan, they have emerged from the
administration’s first 100 days as
partisan foes with divergent pol-
icy aims but one common political
goal: proving their deal-making
clout in a city where each has a
history of being underestimated.
As Mr. Trump strains to demon-
strate progress on his main cam-
paign pledges, he has slogged
through his early months with few
Sherpas on Capitol Hill, pursuing
halting partnerships with Senator
Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the
majority leader, and Speaker Paul
D. Ryan that have yielded few leg-
islative successes.
Ms. Pelosi — whose hard line on
subsidy payments for insurers un-
der the Affordable Care Act
helped extract an apparent con-
cession from the White House
during recent budget negotiations
— will not help Mr. Trump disman-
tle President Barack Obama’s sig-
nature law. She will not shepherd
his tax plan, which she has called a
“wish list for billionaires.”
But with an ideologically shape-
shifting president — and a former
speaker seeking relevance in a
moment when the title of House
minority leader often confers little
— she seems to retain at least a
measure of hope that the man she
met in his previous political life
might re-emerge.
“I could be helpful to him,” Ms.
Pelosi offered without prompting
during an interview last week in
her office at the Capitol, saying
Kitty Bennett contributed re-
search.
G.O.P. Likely to Go It Alone on Tax Law
By ALAN RAPPEPORT
WASHINGTON — The Trump
administration and Republicans
in Congress are increasingly re-
signed to a strategy of hammering
through tax overhaul legislation
by themselves, without the
Democrats, reprising the ap-
proach that has failed them in
their efforts to pass a new health
law.
After House Republicans were
unable to gather enough votes to
repeal and replace the Affordable
Care Act in March, President
Trump suggested that he would
consider making a deal with
Democrats, potentially by lump-
ing tax and infrastructure legisla-
tion into a giant jobs package. But
as Mr. Trump crossed the 100-day
benchmark he set for his presi-
dency, it was clear that he is pre-
paring to work solely with Repub-
licans on the first rewriting of the
tax code in 30 years.
At a Milken Institute confer-
ence Monday in California, Treas-
ury Secretary Steven Mnuchin
said Mr. Trump had abandoned
the idea of combining the issues
legislatively. “We’ve talked about
putting infrastructure and tax to-
gether, I think we’re probably not
going to do that,” Mr. Mnuchin
said.
Mr. Mnuchin also said the ad-
ministration was designing a tax
plan that would fit the Senate’s
budget reconciliation rules, which
require only a simple majority to
pass.
A senior administration official
said last week that Democrats had
shown no interest in working with
Mr. Trump and that trying to cre-
ate a bipartisan tax bill would
quite likely waste months of pre-
cious time. The official also sug-
gested that the Senate’s reconcili-
ation rules could be changed so
that tax legislation that adds to
the deficit could extend beyond 10
years. Current rules dictate that
budgetary changes passed with a
simple majority, rather than 60
voters, expire after a decade.
Mr. Trump complained about
the Senate rules in an interview
on CBS on Sunday, suggesting
that he would like to see changes
that would reduce the ability of
Democrats to block his agenda. “I
Everything you need to
know for your business day
is in Business Day.
The New York Times
Representative Nancy Pelosi at a news conference last week. In an interview, she said of the president, “I could be helpful to him.”
that she knew how to address
some Republicans’ concerns over
the Affordable Care Act and would
gladly help if they stopped push-
ing for a full repeal. “We’re not
here to obstruct him.”
Political realities make her a
highly unlikely partner in the near
term. Ms. Pelosi remains an ava-
tar of San Francisco liberalism
and progressive excess to Mr.
Trump’s base.
Mr. Trump remains the most po-
tent proponent of a Republican
health bill that Ms. Pelosi recently
appraised as “doo-doo on their
shoe, tattooed on their forehead.”
Yet for Ms. Pelosi, recent nego-
tiations over government funding
have delivered the first meaning-
ful bipartisan exchanges of this
Congress — arriving at a moment
when some Democrats have
chafed at her continued grip on
power, expressing a desire to ele-
vate new voices. (A newly agreed
upon budget deal, announced on
Sunday night, requires
Democratic votes in both cham-
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, above at a conference on
Monday, said that President Trump had abandoned the idea of
combining tax and infrastructure legislation into one package.
think the rules in Congress, and in
particular the rules in the Senate,
are unbelievably archaic and slow
moving and, in many cases, un-
fair,” Mr. Trump said. “In many
cases, you’re forced to make deals
that are not the deal you’d make.”
Some Republicans also appear
ready to manipulate longstanding
policies. As The Wall Street Jour-
nal reported on Monday, Senator
Patrick J. Toomey of Pennsylva-
Designing a tax
overhaul plan that
requires only a simple
Senate majority.
nia has suggested that Senate Re-
publicans consider extending the
10-year horizon so that tax cuts
that add to the deficit could re-
main for two or three decades be-
fore expiring. Kasia Mulligan, a
spokeswoman for Mr. Toomey,
said it would require only a simple
majority to make such a change.
For now, Republicans are hav-
ing a hard enough time getting on
the same page on how they want
to change the tax code. Mr.
Mnuchin said on Monday that the
White House and House Republi-
cans were 80 percent aligned in
terms of the shape of tax legisla-
tion. He said that in its current
form, the “border adjustment” tax
on imports proposed by Speaker
Paul D. Ryan is not workable but
that he had been meeting weekly
with Representative Kevin Brady,
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
bers to pass.)
There have been occasional
gestures toward collaboration. In
a phone conversation the day af-
ter the election, Ms. Pelosi sug-
gested that Mr. Trump meet with a
bipartisan congressional caucus
on women’s issues. Mr. Trump
said his daughter Ivanka should
go instead, handing her the phone.
A person close to Ms. Trump said
she would be happy to attend.
Mr. Trump has in many ways
made Ms. Pelosi’s job easier by
declining to bother much with
Democrats so far, binding the mi-
nority caucus in opposition. She
has called Mr. Trump “one of the
best organizers the Democratic
Party has ever had” — a boon of
sorts but also a testament, critics
say, to an absence of inspiring af-
firmative leadership from top
Democrats in Washington.
The president has elevated
other Democrats with character-
istic name-calling: Senator Chuck
Schumer of New York (“head
clown”), Senator Bernie Sanders
MIKE BLAKE/REUTERS
the Republican chairman of the
House Ways and Means Commit-
tee, to come up with compromises
on a tax plan.
At a weekend policy retreat, Re-
publican members of the Ways
and Means Committee mulled
ways to merge their tax “blue-
print” with the principles put forth
by the White House. The commit-
tee will hold tax overhaul hear-
ings this month and, despite the
resistance from the Trump admin-
istration, the border adjustment
tax will be the subject of public de-
bate.
“There’s a great deal of energy
and a great deal of momentum,”
said Representative Peter
Roskam, the committee’s tax pol-
icy chairman. “The concept now is
get these themes together and get
everybody on the same page.”
Despite those efforts, Mr.
Trump’s views on tax policy re-
main something of a moving tar-
get. In an interview with
Bloomberg News on Monday, the
president said a gasoline tax that
would be used to fund highway
projects was “something that I
would certainly consider.”
The remark appeared to contra-
dict Mr. Mnuchin’s earlier assess-
ment that tax-code overhaul and
infrastructure would be handled
separately. Sean Spicer, White
House press secretary, tried to
walk the idea back later in the day.
“There are people on both sides
of the aisle, different back-
grounds, that come in to see the
president and ask him, could you
please consider this, will you keep
an open mind on it,” Mr. Spicer
said. “And I think that’s, frankly,
what the president was doing.”
N A19
Rangel, the recently retired 23-
term Harlem congressman, had
helped arrange her initial meeting
with Mr. Trump.
“I’m a likable guy, and he liked
everybody,” Mr. Rangel said in an
interview.
The feeling is no longer mutual.
“The one good thing that Donald
Trump does for our great nation,”
Mr. Rangel added, “is that he shat-
ters the myth of white supremacy
once and for all.”
Ms. Pelosi’s public assessments
have been nearly as blistering.
But she has seemed disinclined to
take Mr. Trump’s appeal lightly.
During their phone call the day
after the election, smarting from
Hillary Clinton’s stunning loss,
Ms. Pelosi posed a question to the
president-elect, noting his upsets
in Michigan and Pennsylvania.
“What did you know?” she
asked him.
“I saw the hostility,” Mr. Trump
replied, according to Ms. Pelosi.
She praised Mrs. Clinton for her
concession speech, telling Mr.
Trump it “must have been very
hard for her to do.” “It would have
been hard for me, too,” she re-
called him saying.
Holding forth in her office, Ms.
Pelosi brandished an instinct for
Trumpian adjectives and work-
GABRIELLA DEMCZUK FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES day habits. She took stock of his
budget (“pathetic”), his praise of
the far-right French presidential
candidate Marine Le Pen (“I
of Vermont (“crazy Bernie”), Sen- ing it “nonexistent” and suggest- mean, really?”) and his tax pro-
ator Elizabeth Warren of Massa- ing that she was a minority-party posal (also “pathetic”).
chusetts (“Pocahontas”). leader searching for purpose. She described Sean Spicer, Mr.
Ms. Pelosi has avoided this fate, But she has, at times, made her- Trump’s press secretary, as “that
mostly. “When he lost the health self heard. poor slob” from television, when
care bill, he called us losers,” she It was Ms. Pelosi who inter- she could not recall his name.
said in the interview. “All right, jected, during Mr. Trump’s meet- She interrupted herself at one
way to go!” ing with congressional leaders point to turn to the four TV sets in
It is not clear if this more gentle days after taking office, to correct the room, which play cable news
treatment reflects Mr. Trump’s as- his claim that millions of unau- and C-Span on a loop, remarking
sessment of Ms. Pelosi’s impor- thorized immigrants had cost him on the lighting of an interview
tance or a signal of respect for a the popular vote in November. with Mr. Schumer on CNN.
woman he used to describe pri- And it was Ms. Pelosi, according In private, Ms. Pelosi has ap-
vately as a tenacious negotiator, to people familiar with the negoti- peared to discourage members
the kind he championed at times ations, who led the charge in re- from taking needless swings at
in his business life. cent days to earn assurances from Mr. Trump, invoking another
“He said she was a very tough the Trump administration that it presidential obsession, his poll
leader — he respected her,” said would continue making subsidy numbers, and informing col-
Sam Nunberg, a former aide to payments to insurers under the leagues that they compare unfa-
Mr. Trump. “He thought that she Affordable Care Act. The White vorably to every president’s dat-
got a lot over on Bush those last House had threatened to withhold ing to Dwight D. Eisenhower.
couple years.” the payments as leverage. “We have a very clear responsi-
One White House official, Ms. Pelosi played down any bility to take our shots very care-
speaking on the condition of ano- past relationship with Mr. Trump fully,” she said during a whip
nymity to discuss the Trump ad- when he was a donor to meeting last week, according to
ministration’s tenuous ties with Democrats, and her office said she an aide in the room.
congressional Democrats, dis- had no record of Mr. Trump’s note Mr. Trump’s shaky standing,
missed the notion of any current from 2007. She recalled that for- she added, supplies “a real oppor-
relationship with Ms. Pelosi, call- mer Representative Charles B. tunity for us.”
Your Cure for Status Envy
An elevated level of service, My Time by Liberty Travel enhances your
vacation experience by offering exclusive perks and special amenities
at no additional cost.
Book a My Time vacation and receive
the following exclusive extras:*
• Expedited check-in and check-out
• Room upgrades
• Spa, Food and Beverage, or Resort Credit
• Early check-in or late check-out
Plus, each resort creates a unique
experience for its My Time guests
with endless options such as:*
• Private transfers • In-room gifts
• Concierges • Kids club access
• Reserved Cabanas • Free Wi-Fi
On your cruise, you’ll receive:
• Shore excursion discounts
• Expedited luggage delivery
Looking for more exclusivity?
In addition to all the services and amenities
you’ll receive with My Time, My Time Select
offers up to $2,000 in resort credits at
partner resorts.
ERTY
B E Elevate Your Vacation Experience with My Time by Liberty Travel, now
SIV
LI
CLU
EX on select cruise ships and at over 150 resorts in over 30 countries worldwide
EL
TR AV
BAHAMAS & CANCUN JAMAICA OAHU
FLORIDA CRUISE
YOUR CRUISE INCLUDES YOUR VACATION YOUR VACATION YOUR VACATION
• 7 nights aboard Norwegian INCLUDES INCLUDES INCLUDES
Cruise Line’s Norwegian • Round-trip airfare • Round-trip airfare • Round-trip airfare
Breakaway from New York • Hotel transfers • Hotel transfers • Hotel transfers
ITINERARY
• New York, Port Canaveral,
• 4 nights at 4.5-star all-inclusive • 4 nights at 5-star • 5 nights at 4-star
Paradisus Cancun Endless Privileges® Turtle Bay Resort
Great Stirrup Cay, Nassau, FEATURES Zoëtry Montego Bay FEATURES
New York • 9 restaurants & 7 bars FEATURES • 5 restaurants, 4 bars &
BONUS
• Choose from an ultimate beverage
• Tennis & 9-hole par 3 • Gourmet dining in 3 restaurants poolside bar
golf course • Spa, golf, yoga, snorkeling, • Spa & 2 18-hole golf courses
package, specialty dining package,
• Kids club dance & cooking lessons • Adventurous activities such as
internet package, $50 shore
BONUS BONUS
excursion credit or friends & surfing, horseback riding,
family sail free. • Receive special savings • Savings up to 45% helicopter rides & kayaking
• Up to $400 in resort coupons BONUS
MY TIME SELECT
MY TIME BENEFITS • Free night
• Special check-in area BENEFITS MY TIME BENEFITS
• Receive up to $2000 in • Up to $75 in resort credits MY TIME BENEFITS
• Shore excursion discounts
• Spa discounts
resort credits in addition to
the standard exclusive
• Room upgrade
• 25-minute spa treatment
• Room upgrade
• Food & beverage credit
+$168 taxes, fees & port expenses
My Time benefits • Spa credit
715* 1129* 1649*
$ $ $ 1719*
FROM FROM
FROM
$
FROM
OFFER ID: 3867 OFFER ID: 3900 OFFER ID: 1822 OFFER ID: 2978
Visit our website for more great offers: LibertyTravel.com/MyTime
Enjoy the celebration.
Leave the planning to us.
• Destination Weddings
• Vow Renewals • Family Reunions
• Multigenerational Travel
• Bachelorette & Girl Getaways
• Bachelor & Guy Getaways
• Religious, School & Club Trips
Let us plan your next group vacation 1.866.280.4719
The world is full of amazing moments to feel, taste, smell, hear, see, and try, and we can connect you to all of them.
Call or visit one of our 125+ store locations nationwide
1.866.601.1504
Click: LibertyTravel.com/Times or Text Us: 201.749.1040
Ask about exclusive AARP Member Benefits at Liberty Travel
*Conditions Apply: Additional fees for baggage may apply. The prices do not include baggage fees or other optional fees charged directly by the airlines. Please thru 8/18/17; must book by 6/5/17. Hawaii valid for travel thru 12/20/17; must book by 5/15/17. Cancun valid for travel thru 12/23/17. Norwegian Cruise Line:
Airfare not included. Free at Sea offer valid for sailings of 3 nights or longer; must book by 5/7/17. Offer is for new individual FIT reservations and new speculative
refer to http://www.LibertyTravel.com/flights/baggage-fees or contact your airline for detailed information regarding their checked baggage policies. Special
promotions valid on new bookings only and prices are valid at time of publication and may change prior to booking. Prices are per person, based on double groups delegates. Studios & Insides: Pick 1 Offer. Ocean views, Balconies & Mini-Suites Pick 2 Offers. Suites & The Haven automatically receive all available offers.
Extra Guests Sail Free only available on select sailings. Guest must be at least 21 years of age at time of sailing to qualify for the Ultimate Beverage Package. Guests
occupancy accommodations with round-trip airfare departing from New York and do not include meals unless otherwise indicated. Savings reflect land prices only
and vary by travel dates. Availability is limited. Seats may not be available on all flights. Rates and/or package prices on airfares are subject to holiday blackouts, under 21 will receive the Soda Package. Number of Dining Package Meals based on length of cruise. Guest is responsible for 18% gratuities on the retail value of
peak period surcharges, and cancellation charges may be applicable of up to the full price paid depending on the fare and/or package and when it is cancelled. the Specialty Dining Package prior to cruise. Internet package valued at 250 minutes per stateroom. On Breakaway, stateroom receives an internet package of 250
U.S. or international government imposed taxes and fees of up to $60 may apply on arrivals and departures depending on the itinerary chosen, and are payable minutes or 1000 MB of data. Internet package includes activation fee. $50 USD per port shore excursion credit is per stateroom. Credit has no monetary value and
to the appropriate airport authority. Some fares may be non-refundable, but may be exchanged for a fee of up to $200, plus any additional airfare costs due to
difference in new airfares. Other restrictions may apply. Contact Liberty Travel for further details. My Time & My Time Select: All My Time & My Time Select offers
is nonrefundable. Friends & Family offer valid for guests 3-4 sharing a stateroom with guests 1-2 paying full fare. Offer only valid on select sailings. 3 & 4 Guests
Sail Free dates are subject to change at any time without notice. No deposit is required for qualifying 3 & 4 guests. If there are guests 5 - 8 in a reservation, those
are provided by our third party suppliers to My Time & My Time Select customers and are subject to availability. My Time & My Time Select and any third party
supplier may (in their sole discretion) substitute any of the offers for any other offer that is available for similar or no face value. All offers have no cash value, are
guests will be required to pay prevailing fares. Offer is not applicable to categories IX, OX, BX & MX. Bahamas & Florida cruise based on 11/26/17 sail date. AARP
member benefits are provided by third parties, not by AARP or its affiliates. Providers pay a royalty fee to AARP for the use of its intellectual property. These fees
not combinable with any other offers and are not transferable. Any offers not used have no surrender value and are not redeemable for cash. Jamaica valid for travel are used for the general purposes of AARP. AARP does not employ or endorse travel agents. Some provider offers are subject to change and may have restrictions.
Please contact the provider directly for details. Liberty Travel does not assume responsibility for any errors or omissions in the content of the offers displayed.
A20 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Agenda
President’s Preparations
To Increase Gas Exports
Face Glut in the Market
By CLIFFORD KRAUSS
HOUSTON — The Trump ad-
ministration is moving to make
the United States the world’s lead-
ing exporter of natural gas as a
central component of both energy
and trade policy.
But whether global markets,
currently awash with gas, will
play along remains a long shot
over the next several years. Any
breakdown of talks to remodel the
North American Free Trade
Agreement, which set the regula-
tory framework that allowed gas
exports to Mexico to triple over
the last six years, could also get in
the way.
The administration’s ambitions
were explained emphatically last
month by Gary D. Cohn, director
of the National Economic Council,
and they were followed up by the
Energy Department’s authoriza-
tion last Tuesday for a Texas ex-
port terminal that Exxon Mobil
and Qatar Petroleum have pur-
sued for years. Other administra-
tion plans include opening the
way for more gas exports from Or-
egon to serve Asia.
In recent years, there was
strong domestic opposition to the
exports, from manufacturers and
others, out of fear that domestic
gas prices would rise, and the
Obama administration moved
cautiously before increasing the
pace of export terminal permit
approvals during its second term.
With supplies appearing boun-
tiful, and other countries aiming
to increase their own production,
opposition has mostly abated, ex-
cept in pockets of the East Coast
and Pacific Northwest. There re-
mains enthusiastic support along
the gulf coasts of Louisiana and
Texas, where there is substantial
room for more growth.
For the Trump administration,
the economic benefits of gas ex-
port infrastructure are para-
mount. Each natural gas export
terminal can require an invest-
ment of $10 billion or more,
produce thousands of construc-
tion jobs and consume millions of
pounds of steel. Then there is the
additional drilling and production
of gas, which is then cooled to mi-
nus 260 degrees, condensing it to
a liquid known as liquefied natural
gas, or L.N.G., to be shipped on gi-
ant tankers to Asian, European
and Latin American markets.
The recent expansion of the
Panama Canal has quickened the
route to growing markets in Ja-
pan, South Korea and elsewhere
in Asia, making American gas
more competitive.
“Exporting L.N.G. meets many
objectives, including helping to
Administration Uses Obscure Law to Unravel Obama’s Legacy, One Rule at a Time
From Page A1
time. Mr. Trump has used the re-
view act as a regulatory wrecking
ball, signing 13 bills that erased
rules on the environment, labor, fi-
nancial protections, internet pri-
vacy, abortion, education and gun
rights. In the law’s 21-year history,
it had been used successfully only
once before, when President
George W. Bush reversed a Clin-
ton-era ergonomics rule.
The effort has surpassed its ar-
chitects’ most ambitious hopes.
Andrew Bremberg, the presi-
dent’s domestic policy chief, said
he had thought Congress might be
able to use the act to pass five or
six bills reversing Mr. Obama’s
regulations. During the transition
effort, no one contemplated more
than a dozen, Mr. Bremberg said.
“It is a strong and very potent
and powerful tool,” he said.
But critics say Mr. Trump’s ag-
gressive use of the Congressional
Review Act amounts to a blunt
and thoughtless assault on rules
that would have increased peo-
ple’s safety, secured their person-
al information, protected federal
lands and improved education.
An early Obama rule that Mr.
Trump and Congress reversed
would have required coal compa-
nies to make sure that waste from
mountaintop mining was not pol-
luting local waterways. Now,
steps to prevent illness from con-
taminated drinking water will not
be taken.
Another rule would have re-
quired the Social Security Admin-
istration to provide information
about mentally incapacitated peo-
ple to law enforcement agencies
that conduct background checks
for gun purchases. Now, these in-
dividuals — an estimated 75,000 a
year — will not need Justice De-
partment waivers to buy guns.
One eliminated regulation
would have prohibited internet
providers from collecting, sharing
or selling consumers’ information
without their permission. One
would have required some busi-
nesses to keep records of work-re-
lated injuries and illnesses for five
address the trade imbalance,”
said Daniel Yergin, the energy his-
torian and vice chairman of IHS
Markit, a consultancy. “This sup-
ports jobs, this supports invest-
ment in energy, this supports ex-
ports, a whole host of administra-
tion objectives.”
Once six facilities under con-
struction or being expanded are
completed over the next few
years, the additional liquefied gas
exports could amount to as much
as $50 billion in annual revenue,
depending on gas prices. Much of
that would help balance the trade
deficit with China, an administra-
tion objective.
Additionally, four big pipelines
are being built this year to take
more gas to Mexico, and at least
two more are slated to begin
transporting gas by the end of
2018. With Mexico converting its
power sector to natural gas from
fuel oil, the country already im-
ports more than 5 percent of
United States gas production,
which particularly helps Texas
gas producers and pipeline com-
panies.
To some extent, even American
coal companies could benefit from
more gas exports, because ex-
porting natural gas tends to sup-
port its price. That is important
because inexpensive gas has been
the leading enemy of the shrink-
ing coal industry, a head-to-head
competitor.
Proponents in the State and En-
ergy Departments have also long
argued that more gas exports can
provide better security to energy-
hungry allies like Japan; lessen
the dependence of Europe on Rus-
sia, which has been known to use
gas as a political weapon; and
speed up the replacement of coal
with gas to curb climate change.
But construction has begun on
so many terminals in recent years
in Australia, Malaysia, Russia and
the United States that supplies of
liquefied gas shipped in tankers
are expected to increase by nearly
50 percent over the next five years
while global gas demand is in-
creasing by less than 2 percent a
year.
In the United States alone,
where Cheniere Energy began
major liquefied gas exports only
last year, shipments are expected
to jump to nearly six billion cubic
feet a day from the current 1.5 bil-
lion cubic feet a day by the end of
the decade as a cluster of projects
are completed on the gulf coast.
The momentum for start-ups
hit a wall over the last two years
worldwide, and four United States
projects approved in recent years
have not yet begun construction.
Companies have been content to
An N.R.A. show last May. Since taking office, President Trump has signed 13 bills erasing regulations, including one on gun rights.
years instead of six months. And
another would have prevented
states from denying funding for
women’s health services to facili-
ties that also provided abortions.
Republicans viewed those rules
and the other eliminated regula-
tions as unnecessary burdens en-
acted by a president who had re-
sorted to executive action be-
cause he could not get his agenda
through Congress. While initially
skeptical of using administrative
power to govern, Mr. Obama in-
creasingly embraced the use of
regulation, reshaping govern-
ment more by writing new rules
than by passing new legislation.
“The biggest frustration in the
complete the permitting process,
seek financing and markets, and
develop construction plans in the
hope they can act fast in case the
market turns around.
“The pace follows the market
and not the wishes of the U.S. gov-
ernment,” said Nikos Tsafos, pres-
ident and chief analyst at the con-
sultancy Enalytica. “No one is re-
ally out there fishing for new
projects right now.”
The gas business is cyclical, and
proponents say it is only a matter
of time before demand picks up.
China and India are increasingly
turning to gas to replace coal and
improve the air quality of their cit-
ies. Gas demand for transport is
growing in Iran, Pakistan and Ar-
gentina. Germany has largely giv-
en up on nuclear power, and it
needs natural gas to replace some
of the lost power.
Some L.N.G. executives say
that the global demand for gas will
last eight years was not knowing
where the next regulation was
coming from, the next rule, and
that uncertainty stifled invest-
ment,” said Marc Short, Mr.
Trump’s legislative affairs direc-
tor, who participated in planning
for the regulatory assault.
Mr. Trump’s efforts to unwind
Mr. Obama’s regulations go be-
yond the use of the Congressional
Review Act. He has issued execu-
tive orders, including one in-
structing the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency to begin the
process of rolling back far-reach-
ing rules that would shut down
many of the country’s coal-fired
power plants.
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
grow as more export and import
terminals are built and that the
United States will continue to
have a cost advantage over other
major producers, including Qatar
and Russia, because of the abun-
dance of American gas produc-
tion.
“It’s been demonstrated over
the last two years that when you
have low natural gas prices, de-
mand increases much faster than
what people think,” said Charif
Souki, chairman of Tellurian, a
Houston company developing a
$15 billion L.N.G. export project
south of Lake Charles, La.
“The Trump administration has
discovered the power of natural
gas,” Mr. Souki added. “Today, we
are the top gas producer in the
world, and in another three or four
years, we’ll be one of the top two
gas exporters in the world, right
up there with Russia.”
That is certainly what the
But reversing regulation
through executive authority re-
quires long periods of study, no-
tice to the public and hearings.
The final outcome is often chal-
lenged in court, adding to the de-
lay.
Under the Congressional Re-
view Act, the process is cleaner
and simpler. It requires only an
up-or-down vote, and the outcome
cannot be challenged legally.
The use of that tool to attack
Obama-era regulations was
coordinated by a small group, in-
cluding Mr. Short; Mr. Bremberg;
Eric Ueland, a veteran Republican
who works for the Senate Budget
Committee; Rick Dearborn, the
The Golden Pass Products liquefied natural gas terminal in
Sabine Pass, Tex., above, which has permission to start exports.
At left, Gary D. Cohn, right, director of the National Economic
Council, with Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin last week.
A plan to develop
infrastructure and
tackle a trade deficit.
Trump administration is hoping
for, although its policies may not
have much of an immediate im-
pact.
“We could be and should be the
largest exporter of L.N.G. in the
world,” Mr. Cohn said at a Wash-
ington conference in April. He
said the first thing the administra-
tion would do was issue a permit
for an export facility in the North-
west, a reference to the Jordan
Cove L.N.G. terminal in the Ore-
gon port of Coos Bay, where a Ca-
nadian company, Veresen, has
proposed to build.
The Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission last year denied a
permit to the terminal as well as a
pipeline to link it to production,
saying the pipe would have “ad-
verse effects on landowners.”
There was also strong opposition
from local environmental groups.
The commission can reconsider
the issue, but not any time soon,
because three of its five seats are
vacant and the Senate has been
known to take months to confirm
commission nominations.
With additional fanfare, the En-
ergy Department last week autho-
rized Golden Pass Products, a
JOHN SOMMERS II/REUTERS
director of the transition effort
and now a deputy chief of staff at
the White House; and House and
Senate aides. The group’s mem-
bers settled on a list of rules they
thought could be eradicated.
“We knew we had a short win-
dow of time in order to do them,”
said Don Stewart, a spokesman
for Senator Mitch McConnell of
Kentucky, the majority leader.
“That was an important part of
the coordination effort.”
Many Obama-era rules may
survive Mr. Trump’s efforts to un-
wind them. Republicans have yet
to repeal the Affordable Care Act,
for which many of the most signifi-
cant rules were written. Still, Mr.
MICHAEL STRAVATO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
partnership between Exxon Mo-
bil and Qatar Petroleum, to export
domestically produced gas from
the Texas coast.
“This is not only good for our
economy and American jobs but
also assists other countries with
their energy security,” said Ener-
gy Secretary Rick Perry, who
championed the oil and gas indus-
try as Texas governor.
The Golden Pass facility,
originally designed for gas im-
ports before the shale production
boom created a glut, has largely
remained dormant for the last six
years. With an additional invest-
ment of $10 billion or so, the plant
could become a force on interna-
tional markets and export two bil-
lion cubic feet of gas a day, nearly
3 percent of current American gas
production.
Golden Pass claims construc-
tion of the facility would mean
45,000 direct and indirect jobs
over five years, and 3,800 direct
and indirect permanent jobs.
The partnership released a one-
line statement in response to the
administration announcement:
“Golden Pass Products is pleased
to have achieved this important
regulatory milestone as we con-
tinue to work to develop the ex-
port opportunity.”
But executives noted that the
companies had not yet made a fi-
nal decision on whether to go
ahead with the investment.
A historic reversal of
government rules in
record time by Trump.
Trump’s critics say he has set a
dangerous precedent with what
they call his indiscriminate use of
the Congressional Review Act.
The critics are especially con-
cerned about a key provision in
the act that seeks to prevent all fu-
ture presidents from replacing the
eliminated regulations with any-
thing similar. That part of the act
has never been tested in court, but
experts said it would chill efforts
to draft new regulations even af-
ter Mr. Trump leaves office.
“The Congressional Review Act
used in this way is kind of like a
nuke,” said Robert Hahn, a profes-
sor of economics at Oxford and an
expert on American regulations.
“We had a Democratic president
who was reflecting his policy pref-
erences toward regulation. Trump
has a tool now to undo those po-
litical preferences, and he’s using
it.”
Public Citizen, a liberal watch-
dog group, said in a statement that
Mr. Trump and congressional Re-
publicans “have been using the
C.R.A. to reward the corporate
and ideological special interests
that funded their campaigns. It’s
an escalation of the corrupt insid-
er-dealing that Trump cam-
paigned against.”
But what Democrats viewed as
important new protections, Re-
publicans saw as unneeded en-
cumbrances on insurance compa-
nies, banks and other businesses.
“It’s not as if there aren’t an
enormous number of regulations
still on the books,” Mr. Short, the
president’s legislative affairs di-
rector, said. “I don’t think that we
feel like there is some sort of
threat by passing this legislation.”
He added, “I think it would be
unfair to paint it as if you are mov-
ing into an anarchical society.”

THE 45TH PRESIDENT The Agenda
Trump’s Impromptu Diplomacy Toward North Korea Is Laced With Risk
From Page A1
and Mr. Putin are scheduled to
speak by telephone on Tuesday
afternoon, the White House an-
nounced late Monday.
“The most serious risk with
this series of uncoordinated and
controversial statements is that
they undermine the most impor-
tant currency of U.S. power: the
credibility of the president’s
words,” said Evan S. Medeiros,
who served as a senior Asia ad-
viser to President Barack Obama.
Mr. Trump first broached the
idea of sitting down with Mr. Kim
during the 2016 presidential cam-
paign. He revived it in an inter-
view Monday with Bloomberg
News, saying, “If it would be ap-
propriate for me to meet with him,
I would absolutely; I would be
honored to do it.”
The White House clarified that
Mr. Trump would only consider a
meeting if the North Korean
leader met a series of conditions,
starting with a sharp curtailment
of his provocative behavior. North
Korea carried out its most recent
ballistic missile test, which failed,
only last week.
“We want to hold out the possi-
bility that if North Korea were
ever serious about completely
dismantling its nuclear capability
and taking away the threat that
they pose both to the region and
to us,” the press secretary, Sean
Spicer, said, “there is always go-
ing to be a possibility of that oc-
curring.” But he added, “That
possibility is not there at this
time.”
For now, the Trump adminis-
tration is pursuing a more tradi-
tional strategy of tightening eco-
nomic pressure on the North —
mainly through its neighbor,
China — and backing that up with
threat of military action. Mr.
Trump said last week that while
he wanted to solve the crisis with
North Korea through diplomacy,
a “major, major conflict” was pos-
Felipe Villamor contributed re-
porting from Manila, and Austin
Ramzy from New York.
Ethics Official Challenges
Trump Over Secret Waivers
By ERIC LIPTON
WASHINGTON — The federal
government’s top ethics officer is
challenging the Trump adminis-
tration’s issuance of secret
waivers that allow former lobby-
ists to handle matters they re-
cently worked on, setting up a con-
frontation between the ethics of-
fice and President Trump.
The move by Walter M. Shaub
Jr., the director of the Office of
Government Ethics, is the latest
sign of rising tension between Mr.
Shaub and the Trump White
House. Mr. Shaub has tried sev-
eral times to use his limited pow-
ers to force Mr. Trump to broadly
honor federal ethics rules as well
as the ethics order that Mr. Trump
himself signed in late January.
Historically, the Office of Gov-
ernment Ethics — a tiny operation
that has just 71 employees but that
supervises an ethics program cov-
ering 2.7 million civilian executive
branch workers — has main-
tained a low profile. Created in
1978 after the Watergate scandal,
it does not have subpoena power
or its own investigators.
But Mr. Shaub, in the last year
of a five-year presidential ap-
pointment, is now pressing Mr.
Trump for more information on
former lobbyists or employees of
corporations working in the presi-
dent’s administration. The effort
started before Inauguration Day
to persuade Mr. Trump and his
staff to comply with more conven-
tional ethics standards used dur-
ing the Obama and George W.
Bush administrations.
The most recent request came
late Friday, when Mr. Shaub asked
every executive branch agency —
including the White House — to
give him, by June 1, a copy of any
waivers issued to political
employees allowing them to ig-
Man Wielding Knife Kills Student and Injures Three Others at University of Texas
By DAVE MONTGOMERY
and RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA
AUSTIN — A man killed one
student and wounded three others
on Monday at the University of
Texas, walking calmly from one to
another and stabbing them with a
bowie knife, setting off panic and
rumors of a larger wave of vio-
lence.
The university police identified
the suspect as Kendrex J. White, a
21-year-old student who was
quickly arrested. Witnesses de-
scribed the suspect as eerily com-
Dave Montgomery reported from
Austin, and Richard Pérez-Peña
from New York. Cat Cardenas con-
tributed reporting from Austin, and
Manny Fernandez from Houston.
A display of military might last month in Pyongyang. President Trump said he would consider meeting with North Korea’s dictator.
sible.
Some experts said Mr. Trump’s
openness to diplomacy reflected
the influence of China, which has
long urged the United States to
speak directly to North Korea.
Since Mr. Trump met last month in
Florida with President Xi Jinping
of China, he has praised Mr. Xi for
what he insisted was China’s will-
ingness to use its leverage over
the North to curb its behavior.
“The Chinese have told Trump,
‘You’ve got to talk to these peo-
ple,’” said Joel S. Wit, an expert on
North Korea at Johns Hopkins
University, who was involved in
diplomacy during the Clinton ad-
nore any part of the executive
branch’s ethics policies, saying in
his letter that he was “advancing
the mission of the executive
branch ethics program.”
Such waivers are typically is-
sued when the administration
wants to allow a new political em-
ployee to work on an issue, like
federal housing or environmental
policy, that involves people the
new employee may have worked
with previously. For example, Er-
nest J. Moniz, the energy secre-
tary in the Obama administration,
was allowed to work on matters
that involved General Electric,
even though Mr. Moniz, as a nucle-
ar physicist, had served on a Gen-
eral Electric advisory board.
About 70 such waivers were is-
sued during the Obama adminis-
tration.
Mr. Trump, in his ethics order,
made several fundamental
changes in this process, some of
which Mr. Shaub is challenging.
First, Mr. Trump eliminated a
prohibition imposed by President
Barack Obama in 2009 on the hir-
ing of staff members who in the
previous two years had lobbied
the agency they now wanted to
work for. Former lobbyists seek-
ing jobs in Mr. Trump’s adminis-
tration must get a waiver from the
ethics rules if they want to work
on matters that overlap with their
lobbying assignments in the pre-
vious two years.
But Mr. Trump has chosen to
keep the waivers secret. He
dropped a practice, in place dur-
ing the Obama administration,
that any waiver would be shared
with the Office of Government
Ethics and posted on the White
House website or the ethics of-
fice’s website, or on both.
The combined result — elimi-
nating the ban on hiring former
lobbyists and keeping secret any
posed during the episode near
Gregory Gymnasium, and said
that when he was confronted by
police officers, he did not speak or
appear to hurry.
Rachel Prichett, 19, a student
from Austin, said she was stand-
ing at a food truck when she heard
screaming, turned and saw a man
holding what looked like “a small
machete” approaching her, “just
walking calmly with the knife to
his side.”
The suspect walked behind a
man a few feet away from her,
then grasped the man’s shoulder
with one hand and with the other
hand stabbed him in the back,
thrusting the knife “all the way in.”
Ms. Prichett said she fled, run-
ning past another victim, his head
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
ministration that led to a nuclear
agreement with North Korea in
1994.
“They’re trying to create the
right circumstances for talks,” Mr.
Wit said, “ramping up the pres-
sure on the Chinese, ramping up
the pressure on the North
Koreans, and then opening up an
escape route.”
But the timing of Mr. Trump’s
overture, analysts and diplomats
said, was hopelessly premature.
In these types of negotiations,
American presidents typically
function as closers — taking over
the process, after all the spade-
work has been done, to bridge the
Walter M. Shaub Jr., the director of the Office of Government Ethics, in Washington in January.
waivers granted to new hires —
means the public has no way of
knowing if Mr. Trump’s staff mem-
bers are complying with the rules.
Terminating the release of the
White House visitor logs, which
were public during the Obama ad-
ministration, has made evaluat-
ing compliance even harder, as it
is now not known which private-
sector players are meeting with
White House aides.
For example, Michael Catanza-
ro, who until recently worked as a
lobbyist for companies like Devon
Energy and for the American Fuel
and Petrochemical
Manufacturers association, is now
in charge of White House envi-
ronmental policy, an issue related
to the topics he handled as a lob-
byist. He may or may not have
been granted a waiver by the
White House. A White House
spokeswoman declined to say.
The White House, in a written
bloody, who was slumped over a
table.
In recent weeks, fraternity
houses at the university had been
vandalized with messages accus-
ing them of promoting racism and
rape. Many people on campus
speculated Monday that the knife
attack was related.
But Chief David Carter, of the
University of Texas at Austin Po-
lice Department, said the authori-
ties did not know of a motive for
the stabbings. Speaking at a news
conference, Chief Carter said that
he was aware of the rumors but
that he did not know if the victims,
all men, were fraternity members.
Mr. White is black. Chief Carter
said the four who were stabbed, all
age 20 or 21, included three white
ED JONES/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
last gaps. So far, Mr. Kim has dis-
played no interest in even begin-
ning such a negotiation.
Mr. Trump has spoken gener-
ously of Mr. Kim in recent days,
noting that he survived the
treacherous political circles in
Pyongyang after he first assumed
power as a young man. Mr. Trump
suggested that Mr. Kim repelled
an effort by an uncle to take power
back from him. In 2013, Mr. Kim
purged his powerful uncle, Jang
Song-taek, who was later execut-
ed.
Human rights groups also sus-
pect Mr. Kim was behind the as-
sassination of his exiled half
statement, said officials were re-
viewing Mr. Shaub’s request and
had not decided how to respond.
“However, in the meantime we
would like to reiterate our position
that the White House and the
White House Ethics Office are
fully compliant with ethical
obligations set forth in the
standards of conduct,” the state-
ment said. “Anyone that claims
otherwise is purposefully mis-
characterizing the White House’s
position.”
Mr. Shaub has tried to at least
force the White House to make
any waivers public. He is doing so
by using his power to issue a “data
call” for copies of all waivers is-
sued in the last year. That would
include the final months of the
Obama administration and the
first four months of the Trump ad-
ministration.
He has quietly escalated his
battle with the White House. A
men and one Asian-American
man. One died at the scene, and
the others were taken to the uni-
versity medical center. The au-
thorities did not immediately re-
lease the victims’ names.
After the attack, unfounded ru-
mors flew of more violence and
more assailants on the loose, and
there was a bomb threat against a
nearby building.
A student who said he knows
Mr. White socially, William Ve-
rastegui, said the suspect had al-
ways seemed friendly. “He didn’t
seem to be hotheaded; he didn’t
seem to be an angry person or
anything like that,” Mr. Verastegui
said.
The grassy open areas on cam-
brother, Kim Jong-nam, who was
accosted in an airport in Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia, by two
assailants wielding a liquid con-
taining the nerve agent VX.
Beyond the palace intrigue, the
Kim family has presided over one
of the world’s most repressive
regimes, leaving the country in
tatters and its people in misery.
Asked to explain why Mr.
Trump would consider it an honor
to meet such a leader, Mr. Spicer
said, “I guess because he’s still a
head of state.” He noted that there
were “a lot of potential threats
that could have come his way, and
he’s obviously managed to lead a
J. SCOTT APPLEWHITE/ASSOCIATED PRESS
second letter he sent late last
week to the top senators on the
Homeland Security and Govern-
mental Affairs Committee also
made clear that the ethics office
intends to make a similar request
early next year that will cover all
such waivers granted in 2017.
Mr. Shaub made headlines
when he authorized his staff to
publish a series of Twitter posts in
December related to how Mr.
Trump would separate himself
from his family business opera-
tions. Then, in January, in an un-
usual public statement, Mr. Shaub
called Mr. Trump’s steps “wholly
inadequate,” even though Mr.
Shaub did not have the power to
order Mr. Trump to take addi-
tional steps.
The White House has pushed
back at Mr. Shaub. A letter sent in
late February by Stefan C. Pas-
santino, the top White House
ethics lawyer, argued that Mr.
pus were crowded with students
on Monday. The police received
the first report of the stabbing at
1:49 p.m. Officers arrived within
two minutes and arrested Mr.
White without incident.
Ray Arredondo, 21, a student
from San Antonio, said, “I just saw
swarms of people running away
from Gregory Gym, and my first
reaction was ‘gun,’ so I ran, too.”
“The cops were on scene, and
they were doing CPR on one vic-
tim,” he said. “There was another
guy who had lacerations to his
head or neck, and a police officer
was holding his head.”
He used his phone to take a pic-
ture of officers taking Mr. White
into custody and posted it to Twit-
0N A21
country forward.” Mr. Spicer add-
ed, “He is a young person to be
leading a country with nuclear
weapons.”
For his part, Mr. Duterte ap-
peared unimpressed by Mr.
Trump’s invitation to the White
House, which the president made
during a phone call on Saturday, to
the surprise of his own staff. The
Philippine leader said he and Mr.
Trump had an amicable conversa-
tion, but he was noncommittal
about visiting Washington, saying
he had a busy schedule.
“I cannot make any definite
promise,” Mr. Duterte said to
reporters after touring Chinese
warships in Davao City, his home-
town. “I’m supposed to go to Rus-
sia, I’m also supposed to go to Is-
rael.”
If Mr. Duterte rejected Mr.
Trump’s invitation, he would
spare him further criticism for
playing host to a leader with a
toxic reputation. On Sunday, sen-
ior officials said they expected the
State Department and the Na-
tional Security Council to resist a
White House visit. But on Monday,
an official said the White House
did not pass word to Mr. Duterte to
demur.
Mr. Spicer defended the invi-
tation, saying the Philippines
were important to isolating North
Korea diplomatically and econom-
ically. Mr. Trump, he said, had
been briefed about Mr. Duterte’s
record before he made the call.
Josh Kurlantzick, a senior fel-
low with the Council on Foreign
Relations, said he expected Mr.
Duterte would still come to the
United States, but might not want
to seem too eager to do so. The
Philippine leader has made a
show of his independence from
the United States, a treaty ally.
“Even though he welcomes a
better relationship with this U.S.
president, he wants to be cautious
that he does not appear to be em-
bracing the U.S. too much,” Mr.
Kurlantzick said, “given that he
has devoted a fair amount of di-
plomatic resources to courting
China.”
A call for disclosures
on ex-lobbyists with
White House jobs.
Shaub does not have jurisdiction
over the White House staff at all
because the White House is not
formally a federal agency.
Mr. Shaub wrote back bluntly to
Mr. Passantino in March: “That
assertion is incorrect, and the let-
ter cites no legal basis for it.”
Mr. Shaub’s data call will test
this dispute. He appears to have
clear authority to order the lead-
ers of federal agencies to provide
him with a copy of all ethics
waivers granted in the last year.
But he may not be able to force the
White House to provide similar in-
formation, even if Democrats in
Congress join in urging the White
House to respond to the request,
which is likely.
Posting these waivers in a pub-
lic place provides a degree of con-
firmation that the executive
branch is honoring the ethics
agreement. Anytime Mr. Obama
wanted to make an exception, said
Norman L. Eisen, an ethics law-
yer in the Obama White House, it
needed to be explained in detail in
a letter from the head of the
agency and then made available
for public inspection. “We were
committed to transparency, even
when it was painful,” Mr. Eisen
said. “And at times the debate
about these waivers was not fun
for us.”
In fact, Senator Charles E.
Grassley, Republican of Iowa, in a
letter to Office of Government
Ethics in 2009, pressed the Obama
administration to ensure that it
was disclosing all such waivers,
explaining that “the American
people deserve a full accounting
of all waivers and recusals to bet-
ter understand who is running the
government and whether the ad-
ministration is adhering to its
promise to be open, transparent,
and accountable.”
ter. “He was like emotionless, very
nonchalant, from what I saw,” Mr.
Arredondo said.
Another Twitter user posted a
short video showing a man sitting
on brick steps, with other people
pressing on what appeared to be a
bloody wound in his back. Local
television news footage later
showed what appeared to be that
same man being loaded into an
ambulance.
Lindsey Clark, 20, a student
from Richardson, Tex., heard
screaming, then saw police offi-
cers force the suspect to the
ground outside the Jester Center,
across the street from the gymna-
sium. She said she heard an officer
say, “Don’t move or you’re going
to get tased.”
A22 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
A Sign of Independence
From the Newest Justice
By ADAM LIPTAK
WASHINGTON — In an early
sign of Justice Neil M. Gorsuch’s
independence and work ethic, he
has decided not to join a labor pool
at the Supreme Court in which jus-
tices share their law clerks in an
effort to streamline decisions
about which cases to hear.
Justice Gorsuch joined the
court last month. His decision not
to participate in the pool was con-
firmed by Kathleen L. Arberg, the
court’s public information officer.
The only other member of the
court who is not part of the ar-
rangement is Justice Samuel A.
Alito Jr.
Justices in the pool receive a
Gorsuch declines to
join a clerical pool
that reviews petitions.
common “pool memo” on each pe-
tition seeking Supreme Court re-
view — more formally, “petition
for certiorari” — from a single law
clerk. The memo analyzes the pe-
tition and makes a recommenda-
tion about whether it should be
granted.
As a law clerk to Justices Byron
R. White and Anthony M. Ken-
nedy in 1993 and 1994, a young Mr.
Gorsuch wrote quite a few such
memos.
Justices who do not participate,
by contrast, have their law clerks
review all of the roughly 7,000 pe-
titions filed each year, looking for
the 75 or so worthy of the court’s
attention.
Sent to Prison by a Software Program’s Secret Algorithms
When Chief Justice John G.
Roberts Jr. visited Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute last month,
he was asked a startling ques-
tion, one with overtones of sci-
ence fiction.
“Can you foresee a
ADAM day,” asked Shirley
LIPTAK Ann Jackson, presi-
dent of the college in
SIDEBAR upstate New York,
“when smart ma-
chines, driven with artificial
intelligences, will assist with
courtroom fact-finding or, more
controversially even, judicial
decision-making?”
The chief justice’s answer was
more surprising than the ques-
tion. “It’s a day that’s here,” he
said, “and it’s putting a signifi-
cant strain on how the judiciary
goes about doing things.”
He may have been thinking
about the case of a Wisconsin
man, Eric L. Loomis, who was
sentenced to six years in prison
based in part on a private com-
pany’s proprietary software. Mr.
Loomis says his right to due
process was violated by a
judge’s consideration of a report
generated by the software’s
secret algorithm, one Mr.
Loomis was unable to inspect or
challenge.
In March, in a signal that the
justices were intrigued by Mr.
Loomis’s case, they asked the
federal government to file a
friend-of-the-court brief offering
its views on whether the court
Miami Wins Right to Sue
In Predatory Lending Case
By ADAM LIPTAK
WASHINGTON — The Su-
preme Court ruled on Monday
that Miami can sue two banks for
predatory lending under the Fair
Housing Act of 1968.
The case arose from the 2008 fi-
nancial crisis. Miami sued Bank of
America and Wells Fargo, saying
that their discriminatory mort-
gage lending practices had led to a
disproportionate number of de-
faults by minority home buyers
and, in turn, to financial harm to
the city.
Even as the majority of justices
ruled that Miami was entitled to
sue under the housing law, the
court declined to decide whether
the city had asserted a direct
enough connection between the
banks’ actions and the harm it
claimed. The court sent the case
back to the federal appeals court
in Atlanta for further exploration
of that question.
When the case was argued in
the Supreme Court in November,
it seemed headed for a 4-4 tie. But
the vote on the question of
whether Miami could sue under
the law was 5 to 3, with Chief Jus-
tice John G. Roberts Jr. joining the
court’s four-member liberal bloc
to form a majority.
Miami said the banks had inten-
tionally and disproportionately is-
sued risky mortgages on unfavor-
able terms to black and Hispanic
borrowers. That led, the city said,
The pool has been criticized for
giving too much power to law
clerks and for contributing to the
court’s shrinking docket.
For almost two decades until
2008, only Justice John Paul
Stevens, who retired in 2010,
stayed out of the pool. He said it
had caused “the lessening of the
docket.”
“You stick your neck out as a
clerk when you recommend to
grant a case,” he told USA Today.
“The risk-averse thing to do is to
recommend not to take a case.”
Some scholars have traced the
decline of the Supreme Court
docket to the pool. In the early
1980s, the Supreme Court decided
more than 150 cases a year. These
days, it decides about half that
many.
The justices each hire four law
clerks, who are recent law school
graduates with uniformly stellar
credentials. But they are also
young and inexperienced, Ken-
neth W. Starr wrote in 2006 in the
Minnesota Law Review.
“The prevailing spirit among
the 25-year-old legal savants,
whose life experience is necessar-
ily limited in scope, is to seek out
and destroy undeserving peti-
tions,” wrote Mr. Starr, a former
appeals court judge, solicitor gen-
eral and independent counsel in
the Whitewater investigation.
A petition accepted that must
later be dismissed as “improvi-
dently granted” is a significant
embarrassment to the clerk in
question. On the other hand, it is
hard to get into trouble by recom-
mending a denial.
Having several clerks review
each petition — the pool clerk and
ones from the chambers of Jus-
tices Alito and Gorsuch — would
ONLINE: MORE 'SIDEBAR'
An archive of Adam Liptak's
recent articles and columns:
nytimes.com/adamliptak
should hear his appeal.
The report in Mr. Loomis’s
case was produced by a product
called Compas, sold by North-
pointe Inc. It included a series of
bar charts that assessed the risk
that Mr. Loomis would commit
more crimes.
The Compas report, a pros-
ecutor told the trial judge,
Computers assess
the risk that a person
will offend again.
showed “a high risk of violence,
high risk of recidivism, high
pretrial risk.” The judge agreed,
telling Mr. Loomis that “you’re
identified, through the Compas
assessment, as an individual
who is a high risk to the commu-
nity.”
The Wisconsin Supreme Court
ruled against Mr. Loomis. The
report added valuable informa-
tion, it said, and Mr. Loomis
would have gotten the same
sentence based solely on the
to segregation and foreclosures,
hurting its property tax base and
requiring it to provide additional
municipal services.
A trial court dismissed the suits
in 2014, saying the city had not
demonstrated that its claims were
covered by the housing law. The
United States Court of Appeals for
the 11th Circuit, in Atlanta, re-
versed those rulings in 2015, al-
lowing the cases to proceed. The
appeals court said it was enough
for the city to contend that it had
“suffered an economic injury re-
sulting from a racially
discriminatory housing policy.”
Writing for the majority on
Monday, Justice Stephen G.
Breyer said Congress had meant
to include cities among the “ag-
grieved” persons who may sue
under the housing law. He said a
1979 Supreme Court decision,
Gladstone, Realtors v. Village of
Bellwood, supported the ruling.
In that case, he said, a village
had been allowed to sue on the
theory that it had “lost tax reve-
nue and had the racial balance of
its community undermined by ra-
cial-steering practices.” In the Mi-
ami case, Justice Breyer wrote,
the city had similarly asserted
that the banks’ actions had “re-
duced property values, diminish-
ing the city’s property-tax reve-
nue and increasing demand for
municipal services.”
In a second part of his opinion,
Justice Breyer wrote that the ap-
Judge Neil M. Gorsuch before his swearing in. The court receives about 7,000 petitions a year, and decides to hear about 75.
presumably mean that fewer wor-
thy ones fall through the cracks.
Pool memos are not public, but
some have been released, decades
after they were written, in jus-
tices’ papers after their deaths.
They can seem hedged and homo-
geneous because they were writ-
ten for all of the participating jus-
tices and not just the clerk’s own
justice.
The memos in Justice Harry A.
usual factors, including his
crime — fleeing the police in a
car — and his criminal history.
At the same time, the court
seemed uneasy with using a
secret algorithm to send a man
to prison. Justice Ann Walsh
Bradley, writing for the court,
discussed, for instance, a report
from ProPublica about Compas
that concluded that black
defendants in Broward County,
Fla., “were far more likely than
white defendants to be incor-
rectly judged to be at a higher
rate of recidivism.”
Justice Bradley noted that
Northpointe had disputed the
analysis. Still, she wrote, “this
study and others raise concerns
regarding how a Compas assess-
ment’s risk factors correlate
with race.”
In the end, though, Justice
Bradley allowed sentencing
judges to use Compas. They
must take account of the algo-
rithm’s limitations and the se-
crecy surrounding it, she wrote,
but said the software could be
helpful “in providing the sen-
tencing court with as much
information as possible in order
to arrive at an individualized
sentence.”
Justice Bradley made Com-
pas’s role in sentencing sound
like the consideration of race in
a selective university’s holistic
admissions program. It could be
one factor among many, she
wrote, but not the determinative
Empty housing lots, on the right, next to newly constructed homes in Homestead, Fla., in 2009.
peals court had used too lax a
standard in assessing the connec-
tion between the banks’ conduct
and the city’s asserted injuries.
The appeals court had ruled that
injuries had only to be foresee-
able, but Justice Breyer said that
was too attenuated.
“The housing market is inter-
connected with economic and so-
cial life,” Justice Breyer wrote,
and violations of the housing law
always have ripples.
“Nothing in the statute sug-
gests that Congress intended to
provide a remedy wherever those
Blackmun’s papers made clear
they were not the last word in im-
portant cases, as Justice Black-
mun’s own clerks reviewed and
annotated.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg,
who participates in the pool, has
cautioned against overstating the
clerks’ roles in evaluating peti-
tions seeking review.
“The law clerks are highly intel-
ligent, very able, uncommonly dil-
Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., center, says the use of artifi-
cial intelligence in courtrooms is already straining the judiciary.
one.
In urging the United States
Supreme Court not to hear the
case, Wisconsin’s attorney gen-
eral, Brad D. Schimel, seemed to
acknowledge that the questions
in the case were substantial
ones. But he said the justices
should not move too fast.
“The use of risk assessments
by sentencing courts is a novel
issue, which needs time for
further percolation,” Mr. Schimel
wrote.
He added that Mr. Loomis
“was free to question the assess-
ment and explain its possible
flaws.” But it is a little hard to
see how he could do that without
ripples travel,” he wrote.
Instead, he said, there must be a
direct relationship between the
challenged conduct and the as-
serted injury. He left it up the ap-
peals court to re-examine that
question.
In addition to Chief Justice Rob-
erts, Justices Ruth Bader Gins-
burg, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena
Kagan joined the majority deci-
sion.
In a partial dissent, Justice
Clarence Thomas said there was
nothing in the housing law to sug-
gest that “Congress was con-
igent,” she told Docket Sheet, a
newsletter published for Supreme
Court employees, in 1993. “They
save us hours upon hours of labor.
But most of them are also young
and in need of the seasoning that
experiences in life and in law prac-
tice afford. Whenever I think a
case may be cert. worthy,” she
said, using legal language mean-
ing worthy of review, “I will do the
homework required and will not
STEPHEN CROWLEY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
access to the algorithm itself.
The company that markets
Compas says its formula is a
trade secret.
“The key to our product is the
algorithms, and they’re proprie-
tary,” one of its executives said
last year. “We’ve created them,
and we don’t release them be-
cause it’s certainly a core piece
of our business.”
Compas and other products
with similar algorithms play a
role in many states’ criminal
justice systems. “These proprie-
tary techniques are used to set
bail, determine sentences, and
even contribute to determina-
tions about guilt or innocence,” a
JOE RAEDLE/GETTY IMAGES
cerned about decreased property
values, foreclosures and urban
blight, much less about strains on
municipal budgets that might fol-
low.”
When the case was argued,
some justices worried that a rul-
ing for Miami would allow all sorts
of people and entities to sue for in-
direct harm from discriminatory
practices. Justice Kagan asked
about restaurants and dry clean-
ers, Justice Sotomayor about cor-
ner grocers and Justice Breyer
about publishers.
The majority did not directly
AL DRAGO/THE NEW YORK TIMES
rely solely on a pool memoran-
dum.”
The pool started in the early
1970s at the suggestion of Justice
Lewis F. Powell Jr., who had come
from a law firm. At first, five jus-
tices participated.
“In true Washington, D.C., fash-
ion,” Mr. Starr wrote, “this modest
government program has grown
significantly and now possesses
great power.”
report from the Electronic Pri-
vacy Information Center found.
“Yet the inner workings of these
tools are largely hidden from
public view.”
In 1977, the Supreme Court
ruled that a Florida man could
not be condemned to die based
on a sentencing report that
contained confidential passages
he was not allowed to see. The
Supreme Court’s decision was
fractured, and the controlling
opinion appeared to say that the
principle applied only in capital
cases.
Mr. Schimel echoed that point
and added that Mr. Loomis knew
everything the court knew.
Judges do not have access to the
algorithm, either, he wrote.
There are good reasons to use
data to ensure uniformity in
sentencing. It is less clear that
uniformity must come at the
price of secrecy, particularly
when the justification for se-
crecy is the protection of a pri-
vate company’s profits. The
government can surely develop
its own algorithms and allow
defense lawyers to evaluate
them.
At Rensselaer last month,
Chief Justice Roberts said that
judges had work to do in an era
of rapid change.
“The impact of technology has
been across the board,” he said,
“and we haven’t yet really ab-
sorbed how it’s going to change
the way we do business.”
A city argues that
banks’ discriminatory
practices caused
‘economic injury.’
address whether those kinds of
suits were allowed under the law.
Justice Thomas welcomed that
aspect of the ruling, saying, “It
should not be read to authorize
suits by local businesses alleging
the same injuries that Miami al-
leges here.”
Justice Thomas said the city
should also lose on the question of
causation. “Miami’s asserted inju-
ries are too remote from the injuri-
ous conduct it has alleged,” he
wrote.
Justices Anthony M. Kennedy
and Samuel A. Alito Jr. joined the
partial dissent. Justice Neil M.
Gorsuch did not participate in the
decision.
The court’s decision in the two
consolidated cases, Bank of Amer-
ica v. Miami, No. 15-1111, and Wells
Fargo v. Miami, No. 15-1112, was
limited. But it nonetheless meant
that civil rights groups had for a
second time in two years avoided
a complete loss in a Fair Housing
Act case by a narrow margin.
In 2015, in a 5-to-4 decision, the
court allowed plaintiffs in Fair
Housing Act cases to use a legal
theory that civil rights groups had
said was a crucial tool to fight dis-
crimination. The majority ruled
that plaintiffs could use statistical
evidence to prove that the chal-
lenged practice had produced a
“disparate impact.”
TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 A23
N

Ferry Service Makes Maiden Voyage, Beating de Blasio’s Deadline

By PATRICK McGEEHAN
The ferry dreams of Mayor
Bill de Blasio seemed impossibly
ambitious to many who heard
them: In a little more than a year,
he wanted to build a fleet of boats
and a network of landings to lure
thousands of New York
commuters onto the water from
the streets and subways.
Veteran ferry operators said it
could not be done by Mr. de Bla-
sio’s deadline of this summer,
just months before he would
stand for re-election. Ferry boats
are usually fabricated one or two
at a time, and planning and build-
ing docks and piers often takes
years.
But on Monday morning, Mr.
de Blasio was at Pier 11 near Wall
Street to triumphantly greet
some of the first commuters to
take the new NYC Ferry service.
Not only did it begin operations
on time, Mr. de Blasio repeatedly
said, it was ahead of schedule.
“How was the ride, man?” the
mayor asked several riders. To
others, he said: “No traffic, all
right!” “Smooth!” and “Exactly
on time, fantastic.”
A mayor’s day could hardly be
expected to start on a brighter
note than the one sounded by
Rob Murphy, 60, a resident of the
Rockaways in Queens and a
business manager in Manhattan,
who rode the 7:30 a.m. ferry to
Wall Street. “This is absolutely
awesome,” Mr. Murphy said.
“It’s the best way to get to work.
It’s superexciting, like the first
day of school.”
Not all was smooth sailing.
One ferry was pulled from serv-
ice because of a minor me-
chanical problem, leading to
some delays.
The Rockaway route, which
also has a stop in the Sunset Park
neighborhood of Brooklyn, is the
first of several new legs of a serv-
ice that is intended to reach ev-
ery borough except Staten Is-
land. One of Mr. de Blasio’s most
heavily promoted initiatives, the
service is coming at a high price
to the city — but not to riders.
The city has pledged more
than $325 million to build and op-
erate 20 ferries that will connect
22 landings in Manhattan,
Brooklyn, Queens and the
Bronx. The mayor has promised
to hold the fare even with that of
the subway, $2.75 a ride.
That is quite a bargain for the
hourlong trip to Wall Street from
the dock at Beach 108th Street
and Beach Channel Drive in a
149-passenger boat equipped
with Wi-Fi, bike racks and a con-
cession stand selling snacks and
drinks, including draft beer and
wine, said Delia Brooks of Belle
Harbor, Queens.
“It’s a good deal,” Ms. Brooks
said on Sunday as she admired
two of the new ferries with her
husband, Keith. “It’s going to
make our life much better.”
Ms. Brooks said she would
take the boat to appointments
with doctors in Brooklyn and
speculated that schoolchildren
would ride the ferries on field
trips to Manhattan to visit muse-
ums and see Broadway shows.
Mr. Brooks said he thought the
ferry service would also attract
more visitors to the Rockaways.
“A lot of the people from Man-
hattan, the hipsters, are going to
come flying out here now,” he
NYC Ferry Service Routes
Spring/Summer 2017
East River ferry
Current service
Rockaway ferry
Current service
South Brooklyn ferry
Opening June 1
East 34th St.
Astoria ferry
Opening in August
Pier 11/ Wall St.
East River, Rockawway,
S. Brooklyn and Astoria serv
rv
rvice
Red Hook
Upper New
York Bay
Brooklyn Army Terminal Rockaway and
Bay Ridge Ave.
Lower New
York Bay
said. “It’s going to revitalize the
area. We’re going to need more
restaurants.”
Mr. de Blasio seemed ener-
gized by the reception for the fer-
ries. “I’m proud to say that this
administration has kept our
promise to the people of the
Rockaways,” he said on Sunday
during a ceremonial ride from
Queens to Manhattan aboard the
PHOTOGRAPHS BY VINCENT TULLO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Above, a boat prepared to make its way back to the Rock-
aways on Monday, the first day of service for the new NYC
Soundview
Ferry. Below, riders took the 7:30 a.m. ferry to Manhattan.
Planned Service 2018
BRONX
MANHATTAN Astoria
QUEENS MANHATTAN
Roosevelt Island
R Soundview ferry
E. 90th St.
Long Island City
QUEENS
Hunters
e Point E. 62nd St.
East River and
Astoria service Greenp
eenp
npoint
np Long Island City
E. 34th St.
N. Williamsbu
sbu
bu
urg
u Stuyvesant Town Lower East
Side ferry
S. Williamsburg
b g Grand St
Pier 1 Du
Dumbo East River and BROOKLYN
S. Brooklyn service
Wall St.
Pier 11
Pier 6 Brooklyn Bridge Park
Summer Weekend Service
Wall St. The Urban Journey, which the Now, Mr. de Blasio implied, the
Pier 11 mayor said sounded “like a ’70s onus is on city residents to ride
Brooklyn Bridge Park
Opening May 6 rock band,” will eventually run the ferries in numbers sufficient
East River route on other routes on the East River. to justify the city’s investment.
S. Brooklyn service
Opening June 1 Built by Horizon Shipbuilding in “If this works as well as we hope,
Governors South Brooklyn
Island Bayou La Batre, Ala., it is one of if people ride this, we can go far-
route
five ferries that have been deliv- ther,” the mayor said on Sunday,
Red Hook ered. Metal Shark, a shipyard in hinting at the possibility of ex-
Louisiana, is building some fer- panding the service beyond cur-
BROOKLYN 1 Mile ries with deeper hulls and larger rent plans.
engines to manage the rougher Those were encouraging
waters near the Verrazano-Nar- words to Terry MacRae, the chief
rows Bridge between Staten Is- executive of Hornblower Cruises
land and Brooklyn. and Events, the San Francisco-
City officials enlisted second- based company that will operate
the ferries. “If there’s demand
Ro
Rockaway grade classes in Brooklyn to sug-
gest names for the first batch of and it’s good service, everyone
boats. “Lunch Box” and “Friend- will rush to take credit and want
Atlantic Ocean ship Express” were two of the more of it,” he said.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
winners, along with “McShiny,” Just a year ago, doubts about
which Mr. de Blasio said was his the city’s ability to create a ferry
Urban Journey, a new boat. from work and could help ease favorite. fleet from scratch seemed ramp-
“Tomorrow morning, a new congestion on streets and sub- On the inside, though, the ant. Tom Fox, who formerly ran
era begins in New York City,” he ways. Wearing a suit but no tie, boats have a more grown-up at- the Water Taxi service in New
said, referring to the start of Mr. de Blasio even took a turn at mosphere, with dark gray seats, York, was one of the skeptics.
service at 5:30 a.m. Monday. “To- the helm, steering the boat past work spaces and concessions op- “There was a lot of skepticism,
morrow morning, we go back to Breezy Point before turning the erated by the New Stand. An- and they proved the skeptics
the water.” controls over to Councilman drew Deitchman, the company’s wrong,” Mr. Fox said on Sunday.
Mr. de Blasio said the ex- Donovan Richards Jr. of Queens, chief executive, said the boats “When you’re wrong, you’re
panded ferry service was in- a fellow Democrat. going to the Rockaways might wrong. I’m looking forward to
tended to provide New Yorkers “It’s like driving a Fiat,” Mr. de sell sunscreen, flip-flops and seeing how they operate the
with another way to get to and Blasio said. “Very responsive.” Frisbees. service.”

Housing Advocates See a Tactic Succeed Against the Mayor, and Give It a Try
By J. DAVID GOODMAN
For months, protesters hounded May-
or Bill de Blasio at town hall-style meet-
ings and fund-raisers from Manhattan to
Fort Lauderdale, Fla., demanding that
he shut down New York City’s main jail
complex on Rikers Island.
Eventually, Mr. de Blasio, a Democrat,
embraced their cause, and recently
called for its closing — a shift that did not
go unnoticed by liberal activists.
Some advocates who have long com-
plained that Mr. de Blasio’s administra-
tion has not built enough low-income
housing are now looking to follow a simi-
lar model with a campaign targeting
their bête noire: the deputy mayor in
charge of housing and economic devel-
opment, Alicia K. Glen.
The strategy involves trying to paint
the housing plan with the broad brush of
anti-Wall Street sentiment. They have
pledged to protest Ms. Glen at public ap-
pearances and rally against her housing
agenda on the steps of City Hall. They
are emphasizing similarities between
the mayor’s approach to housing and Ms.
Glen’s projects at Goldman Sachs, where
she led the firm’s urban investment
group, financing affordable housing and
other projects, before joining the de Bla-
sio administration in 2014.
The goal is to force Mr. de Blasio to
shift course on his 10-year housing plan,
which is on pace to create 200,000 units
of new housing for low- to moderate-in-
come residents across New York. In-
stead, advocates want the city to redirect
funds toward building new homes for
only the poorest New Yorkers, to stave
off gentrification and, they hope, to help
CHRISTOPHER LEE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Alicia K. Glen, head of the housing
and economic development agency.
reduce homelessness.
The tactic of sustained and targeted
protest is certainly not new. In this ad-
ministration alone, police officers
protested Mr. de Blasio outside Gracie
Mansion, the mayoral residence, and the
Prospect Park YMCA, where he works
out. And demonstrators set up shop at
the home of Steven Banks, the city’s top
homelessness official. Their effective-
ness is open to debate: Patrol officers got
a new contract, though the mayor’s shel-
ter plan is more assertive, not less.
But no election-year incumbent wants
a story line muddled by angry bands of
roving protesters. That applies even to
Mr. de Blasio, who enjoys a wide lead in
polls against his likely opponents.
“The mayor is going to be re-elected;
let’s be real here,” said Bertha Lewis, a
former supporter of Mr. de Blasio’s who
has become one of his most vocal critics.
“So our job is to push as hard to challenge
him, not just go along to get along.”
Many of the same groups that are
pressing Mr. de Blasio on the issue of
housing, like the organization Ms. Lewis
founded, the Black Institute, and New
York Communities for Change, have also
criticized his approach to policing, an-
other issue resonant with the mayor’s
minority supporters. They are looking to
the tactics employed in the Rikers cam-
paign by Glenn Martin of JustLeadershi-
pUSA and others who protested the may-
or on some of the same social justice is-
sues.
In addition to protests, Mr. Martin
said, his group engaged in “power map-
ping” the mayor — identifying roughly
1,500 people most important to him and
targeting them with digital messages —
so that Mr. de Blasio would feel sur-
rounded by its campaign. “We logged
20,000 tweets to the mayor in one day
alone,” Mr. Martin said.
The housing advocates — a coalition of
groups under the banner Real Afford-
ability for All — are looking to emulate
the approach favored by the anti-Rikers
protesters. “The mayor would not have
changed course without that campaign,”
said Jonathan Westin, the executive di-
rector of New York Communities for
Change. “The housing stuff and the crim-
inal justice stuff are the two weak spots
for the mayor.”
So far, Mr. de Blasio has not shown
enough political weakness for a promi-
nent challenger to emerge from the left.
Most of his rivals, both in his own party
and among Republicans, have opted for
more centrist campaigns to unseat him;
the only one to challenge from the left is a
police reform advocate, Robert Gangi,
73, a Democrat who has never before
held public office or run a political cam-
paign.
Melissa Grace, a spokeswoman for the
mayor, said the targeted protests had not
affected the administration’s policies in
any way. “This has been their strategy
for more than two years — and it has had
zero impact,” she said. “We’re creating
and protecting more affordable housing,
including more homes for the lowest-in-
come New Yorkers, than at any time
Watching protests that
affected de Blasio and
planning their own.
since Mayor Koch.”
Indeed the coalition now attacking Mr.
de Blasio’s housing plan has also previ-
ously endorsed elements of the mayor’s
approach.
Ms. Grace added, “Resorting to per-
sonal attacks means you’ve run out of
honest arguments.”
The new effort does go further in at-
tacking Ms. Glen, accusing her of bring-
ing a Goldman Sachs model of develop-
ment to City Hall. To buttress the argu-
ment, activists compiled a report looking
at projects created by three developers
— L&M Development Partners, BRP De-
velopment Corporation and BFC Part-
ners — that worked with Ms. Glen both
before and after she joined the de Blasio
administration.
The projects, the report argues, fuel
gentrification and do not provide enough
housing for residents who already live in
places like East Harlem and Flatbush,
Brooklyn.
The companies disputed the notion
that they received special treatment dur-
ing Mr. de Blasio’s tenure or that they ig-
nored community demands. “We work
on the ground with communities to build
what they tell us is appropriate,” Ron
Moelis, the chief executive of L&M, said
in a statement. “Our city needs afford-
able homes across a wide economic spec-
trum, and we do our best to respond.”
The report compares several projects
by the de Blasio administration to the As-
pen, an early Bloomberg-era develop-
ment and venture between Ms. Glen and
L&M that included half market-rate
apartments, and half that were afford-
able units at either 50 or 130 percent of
the city’s so-called area median income
(currently about $86,000 for a family of
three).
Among those singled out is the Bed-
ford-Union Armory project, a re-
development on public land by BFC Part-
ners that includes half market-rate
apartments and also a recreational cen-
ter. The project has been criticized by
some local elected officials who, along
with advocates, have called for the entire
project to be affordable units.
The city has said the market-rate units
in the armory project are necessary to
offset the cost of the recreational center.
And officials disagreed with the idea that
affordable housing projects exacerbate
gentrification.
A24 0 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

Freak Flags Fly at Met Gala, but Lips Stay Closed Most Adults Favor Sex Ed.
By JACOB BERNSTEIN
This year, the Metropolitan Mu-
Most Students Don’t Get It.
seum of Art’s Costume Institute
paid tribute to Rei Kawakubo, the By ANNA NORTH higher rates of condom use among
Japanese designer with a pen- Wazina Zondon’s 10th-grade student participants compared
chant for all things edgy and class was playing a game about with other teenagers.
asymmetrical. birth control. The students picked At other schools in the city, the
There were wedding gowns a method while Ms. Zondon left content of sex education varies
that suggested “Like a Virgin” by the room. When she came back, widely. The Department of Educa-
way of Tim Burton. There were she had to guess what it was. tion offers a free health curricu-
jackets that appeared to have “Am I a barrier method?” asked lum that includes lessons on rela-
been made from pipe cleaners. Ms. Zondon, a family life and sex tionships and gender as well as in-
So what was that shiny gown education teacher at the Urban formation on condoms and testing
that Anna Wintour rolled in wear- Assembly Institute of Math and for sexually transmitted infec-
ing at 6 p.m. on Monday? Science for Young Women in tions. But schools are not required
“Chanel,” she said. Downtown Brooklyn. “Are hor- to use it, and the department does
And the last time she wore Ms. mones involved?” not track what curriculums they
Kawakubo’s line, Comme des use.
After a few more questions, Ms.
Garçons? Ashley Vasquez, 17, a peer edu-
Zondon guessed correctly: an
“Sometime back in the ‘80s,” cator with the Teen Outreach Re-
IUD. Other options included con-
Ms. Wintour said, letting that productive Challenge program,
hang out there with all the implicit doms, the birth control patch and
abstinence. The students had said her eighth-grade health
meaning one might read into it. teacher at P.S. 212 in the Bronx
Anyway, Ms. Wintour was not learned about all of them earlier in
the class, including how to use told students to use condoms, but
alone. In years past, people have didn’t explain how.
taken the themes very seriously. them properly and what, if any,
side effects they can cause. In a recent survey by the Sex-
This time, it was more like a gen-
Ms. Zondon’s class offers some- uality Education Alliance of New
eral invitation to let the freak flags
thing advocates say is all too un- York City, a coalition of teachers,
fly, and so lots of people, aside
from Ms. Wintour, did. common in New York City: com- students and health experts, 38
Katy Perry wore a red veil and prehensive sex education. Since percent of students in grades six
dress by John Galliano for Maison 2011, the Department of Education through 12 who had received sex
Martin Margiela that left her look- has required that all middle and education had not learned how to
ing like the bride of Frankenstein. high schools teach sex education put on a condom. Forty-three per-
Nicki Minaj was more “Elvira: as part of health class. But the re- cent had not learned about gender
Mistress of the Dark” by way of a quirement came with little en- identity and 38 percent had not
PHOTOGRAPHS BY BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Las Vegas showgirl in a caped forcement or oversight and com- learned about consent.
black and red dress that was de- Among those at the Met Gala pliance has been spotty. “Many schools are overbur-
signed with H&M. were, clockwise from above A bill before the City Council, dened with testing,” said Council-
The bright spot? left, Jenni Konner, Lena Dun- backed by Planned Parenthood of woman Laurie Cumbo, one of the
“It’s not that uncomfortable,” ham and Joe Jonas; Serena New York City and a number of sponsors of the task force bill,
she said. Williams; and Edward Ennin- other reproductive health and which is expected to come to a
Helen Lasichanh — the wife of ful and Naomi Campbell. youth advocacy groups, would vote later this year. Sex education,
this year’s co-host, Pharrell create a task force to study for which there are no state tests
Williams — should have been so or reporting requirements, can
the recent turmoil at Fox News, whether and how sex education is
lucky. fall by the wayside.
which on Monday announced the taught and make recommenda-
She was stuffed into a bright red Additionally, of more than
departure of its co-president, Bill tions for improvement.
Comme des Garçons gown that 15,000 instructors who taught
actually had no arms. So while Mr. Shine. In 2016, about 43 percent of
eighth-graders in New York City health in the city last year, only 153
Williams stood by her talking As ever, the event drew people
had never taken a semester of were licensed in health. (About
about how easy it was to put on his from other industries, too.
health class, according to data re- 12,000 were elementary school-
ripped jeans and plaid CDG jacket One was the artist Jeff Koons,
leased by the Department of Edu- teachers, who typically teach mul-
(“I’m a man,” he said), her prepa- who said this event was a perfect
blend of fashion and art. “We cation. Nearly all graduating 12th- tiple subjects and are unlikely to
ration process was more involved. be licensed in health.) “If people
“Weekend at Bernie’s” was the come almost every year,” he said, graders had taken health, but that
of himself and his wife, Justine doesn’t always include sex educa- aren’t educated around the peda-
metaphor Mr. Williams reached
Wheeler, who stood to his left. tion, which the department does gogy of sex education, they can
for to describe it.
blue Valentino gown, flanked not Another was the financier talk in out-of-touch, fatalistic or in-
By 8 p.m., the stairs leading up ham said. “We even forced Ms. not track. Moreover, about half of
just by her new boyfriend, Alex Stephen A. Schwarzman, whose accurate terms,” or shame stu-
to the event were filled with celeb- Wintour to weigh in.” the city’s high school students
rities. Rodriguez, but also by Valentino last birthday party seemed to set dents for their sexual behavior,
Of course, because the Met Gala take health in their junior or sen-
One minute, Kendall Jenner as- himself. (The company’s new de- records for opulence. Which is said Francisco Ramirez, the vice
serves as Vogue’s biggest brand- ior year, which experts say is far
cended, wearing a La Perla gown signer, Pierpaolo Piccioli, was why he seemed happy to say, “I president for education at
ing opportunity, and because the too late to begin learning about
that showed off pretty much ev- money it raises for the Costume there, too, with the Oscar- think this cost more.” Planned Parenthood of New York
healthy sexuality. The average
erything underneath it. Institute makes up the center’s nominated actress Ruth Negga.) Shortly after Mr. Schwarzman City.
girl in the United States begins
Just behind her was Lena Dun- entire budget, many glittery Kerry Washington arrived with made his way inside, the eve- dating at 12 and a half years old School administrators some-
ham, in an Elizabeth Kennedy-de- attendees wore designers that the Michael Kors and wore one of his ning’s last big arrivals occurred. and the average boy at 13 and a times oppose lessons related to
signed, gingham-accented gown magazine effectively paired them gowns, which had lots of metallic First Celine Dion, and then Ma- half, according to the American sex. At one middle school, said Mr.
with ruffles. with. details, along with holes that were donna, who has been showing Ms. Ramirez, an administrator ob-
Academy of Pediatrics.
It definitely had a Comme des And every big celebrity had a cut into it to pay a homage to Ms. Dion contempt for nearly 20 jected to a video describing repro-
Many reproductive health ad-
Garçons influence to it. “We really big fashion date. Kawakubo. years. duction shown by visiting instruc-
vocates say students should learn
took the theme to heart,” Ms. Dun- Jennifer Lopez arrived in a sky “It’s Park Avenue punk,” he Naturally, Madonna got a big tors from Planned Parenthood.
said. reaction, even though she is a fix- not just about avoiding sexually
The instructors were not invited
“Spence girl punk,” Ms. Wash- ture at the event. transmitted infections and unin-
back.
ington chimed in. She wore a slinky camouflage tended pregnancy, but also about
Parents are sometimes initially
Many of the people one most patterned gown and was flanked consent, a variety of gender iden-
uncomfortable with lessons on
wanted to hear from ran up the by its designer, Jeremy Scott. Sar- tities and sexual orientations,
gay, bisexual or transgender iden-
stairs quickest, avoiding the que- ah Paulson (in Prada) held her healthy relationships and making
tities, said Lindsay Fram, a curric-
ries of attendant reporters. train, and a publicist stood at the informed decisions about sexual
This included Rihanna, who ready with an Army-green can- behavior.
wore a kaleidoscopic Comme des teen for her to sip from as she “Any great sexual and health
Garçons dress with swirling
lawyers of floral flounces. And
worked her way up the press line.
“I picked it up and started gal-
education program should be fo-
cused on helping young people
Seeking ways to
Thomas Campbell, the departing loping her like a horse,” Ms. Paul- identify what their goals are and broaden sex education
director of the Met, who an- son said. then how they can advocate for
nounced his resignation this year. But Madonna was not doing a themselves to achieve those and teach it sooner.
Also, Megyn Kelly, although she at lot of interviews either. goals,” said Louise Langheier, the
least acknowledged the reason “Sorry,” she said, making her chief executive of Peer Health Ex-
GRAEME SIMSION she was not giving interviews. way inside as she blamed her change, a program in which
The Best of Adam Sharp “I know what you guys want to publicist. “I have to do whatever ulum development coordinator at
college students teach sexual
Reading / Book Signing ask,” Ms. Kelly said, alluding to he says.” the Children’s Aid Society, which
health lessons to high school stu-
administers the Carrera Program.
dents around the country.
Wednesday, May 3rd, 7pm But “mostly people want their
Students at the Urban Assem- young people to have the knowl-
2289 Broadway at 82nd Street bly Institute get sex education ev- edge and skills they need to make
Upper West Side (212) 362-8835 Corrections ery year, starting in the sixth
grade with lessons on puberty and
healthy decisions,” Rachael Pe-
This novel from the author of ters, the New York executive di-
anatomy, as well as things like rector of Peer Health Exchange,
The Rosie Project follows a happily INTERNATIONAL While it has been found in dozens crushes and the emotional said. In a 2009 survey of regis-
married, middle-aged man whose An article on Sunday, about of former players, research is con- changes of adolescence, and con- tered voters in New York State, 85
life is upended when a former flame demonstrations in Russia, mis- tinuing and it is not known to be tinuing in later years with infor- percent wanted sex education to
sends him an email. quoted an outspoken critic of the “extremely common.” mation on sexually transmitted be taught in schools.
Kremlin, Aleksei A. Navalny. In a infections and contraception. At
recent video, Mr. Navalny said The Department of Education
all levels, the students learn about does not oppose the creation of a
that four charities had spent THE ARTS
having healthy relationships, not sex education task force, but at a
$66 million to maintain luxury A theater review on Monday, just with romantic partners, but
residences for Prime Minister hearing on the task force bill last
about a revival of “Dreamgirls” with parents and friends, and
Dmitri A. Medvedev, not $66 bil- running in London, omitted the month, Elizabeth Rose, the deputy
JO NESBØ about different gender identities chancellor for operations, ques-
lion. given name of one actor. He is Joe and sexual orientations. “L.G.B.T. tioned whether it would be possi-
The Thirst A picture caption with an article Aaron Reid, not Aaron Reid. identity is woven in and normal- ble to review how sex education is
Discussion / Book Signing on Sunday about a threat to the ized throughout the entire school taught at all of the city’s more than
street-food culture in Southeast year,” Ms. Zondon said.
Monday, May 8th, 7pm WEEKEND 1,500 schools, and argued that the
Asia misidentified a Vietnamese The Urban Assembly Institute
dish shown in a bowl in the photo. A film review on Friday about task force should not be charged
33 East 17th Street and about five other schools in the
It is banh da cua, not bun cha. “The Circle,” an adaptation of the with examining the department’s
Union Square (212) 253-0810 city use the Carrera Adolescent health curriculum.
Dave Eggers novel, misstated the
year the book was released. It was Pregnancy Prevention Program, Councilwoman Cumbo, howev-
In the latest installment of the NATIONAL which combines sex education
2013, not 2014. er, said the task force would pro-
bestselling series, Detective Harry A picture with an article on Sun- with financial literacy lessons, ca- vide a much-needed “extra set of
Hole fears an old foe has returned day, about a judge overturning An article in the Gallery Guide reer training and mental and eyes” on sex education in the city.
to Oslo—and is killing users of part of the bail system in Houston, on Friday about art galleries on physical health care. A 2002 study She is optimistic that the bill will
a dating app. was published in error. It showed the Upper East Side of Manhat-
found that girls in the program pass.
a building that was once the Har- tan, including the Craig F. Starr
were significantly less likely than “My goal is to continue to do
Priority seating with book purchase. ris County jail; it is no longer used Gallery, where an exhibition of
paintings by John Baldessari is on other girls to have had sex or got- this work until H.I.V. and AIDS
for that purpose. ten pregnant. The program did and healthy relationships and re-
view, misstated the city in Califor-
An article on Saturday about nia depicted in some of his art- not have a significant effect on productive health are taken as se-
the Los Angeles riots in 1992 mis- works. It is National City, not Los boys’ sexual behavior. More re- riously as biology, chemistry and
stated the makeup of the jury that Angeles. cent evaluations have found mathematics,” she said.
acquitted four white police offi-
J. COURTNEY SULLIVAN cers in the beating of Rodney A film review on April 21 about
King. It included an Asian juror “Behind the White Glasses,” a
in conversation with LIZ EGAN documentary portrait of the Ital-
and a Hispanic juror; it was not
Saints for All Occasions all-white. ian director Lina Wertmüller, mis-
Discussion / Book Signing stated the surname of another di-
rector. She is Lois Weber, not
Monday, May 8th, 7pm NEW YORK Smith.
150 East 86th Street A listing in The Conversation on
Upper East Side (212) 369-2180 April 20 of most-read articles,
about the suicide of the former OBITUARIES
When a family tragedy strikes, N.F.L. player Aaron Hernandez, An obituary on Saturday, about
two Irish immigrant sisters must misstated the prevalence of the performance artist Vito Ac-
face the consequences of choices chronic traumatic encephalopa- conci, misstated his date of birth.
made 50 years ago. thy among former N.F.L. players. It was Jan. 24, 1940, not Jan. 4.

Report an Error: may reach the public editor at

nytnews@nytimes.com or call
1-844-NYT-NEWS
(1-844-698-6397).
Editorials: letters@nytimes.com
public@nytimes.com or (212) 556-
7646.
Newspaper Delivery:
customercare@nytimes.com or call CAITLIN OCHS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Get more info and get to know your favorite writers at BN.COM/events
Public Editor: Readers concerned 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637). Wazina Zondon, a family life teacher at the Urban Assembly In-
All events subject to change, so please contact the store to confirm. about issues of journalistic integrity stitute of Math and Science for Young Women, in Brooklyn.

Honoring a Deceased Fellow Fan, One Ballpark Bathroom at a Time
By COREY KILGANNON
The New York Mets were lead-
ing the Philadelphia Phillies, 2-1,
after two innings when Tom Mc-
Donald stood up from his upper-
deck seat at Citi Field.
Nature was calling, and so was
his obligation to his childhood
friend and fellow Mets fan Roy
Riegel, whose death nine years
ago left Mr. McDonald, 56, vowing
to honor their baseball bonds in an
unconventional way: by dispos-
ing of Mr. Riegel’s ashes in ball-
parks across the country.
Even more unusual was his cho-
sen method: flushing them down
public restroom toilets in the ball-
parks between innings.
“The game has to be in progress
— that’s a rule of mine,” Mr. Mc-
Donald said one recent weeknight
before entering a Citi Field bath-
room, holding a little plastic bottle
containing a scoopful of Mr.
Riegel’s cremains.
He stepped into a bathroom
stall and sprinkled the ashes into
the toilet with as much decorum
as the setting allowed. A couple of
flushes later and Mr. Riegel’s re-
mains were presumably on a jour-
ney through Citi Field’s plumbing.
“I took care of Roy, and I had to
use the facilities myself,” Mr. Mc-
Donald said, emerging from the
stall with the empty container. “So
I figure, you know, kill two birds.”
“I always flush in between,
though,” he added. “That’s an-
other rule of mine.”
The key here is that Mr. Riegel
was a plumber, so how better to
honor him than by pumping his
essence into the plumbing, Mr.
McDonald said, adding that he
has flushed Mr. Riegel’s ashes at
16 stadiums so far while keeping
journals of his trips.
“I know people might think it’s
weird, and if it were anyone else’s
ashes, I’d agree,” he said. “But for
Roy, this is the perfect tribute to a
plumber and a baseball fan and
just a brilliant, wild guy.”
Mr. McDonald, who also goes
by Porky, is a recently retired New
York City Transit Authority office
worker who has written about
3,000 poems, most of them about
baseball, often traveling to ball-
parks across the country for inspi-
ration.
With no college education or
formal instruction as a writer, he
has cultivated an accessible, regu-
lar-fan style that owes much to his
knockaround childhood in Asto-
ria, Queens, not far from where
the Mets play — which, it should
be said, is in Flushing.
Mr. McDonald and Mr. Riegel
grew up a block apart and at-
Plan to Use Chlorine in Sewers Has Critics
By COREY KILGANNON
Facing a chronic problem of raw
sewage emptying into city water-
ways during rainfalls, and strug-
gling to meet health regulations,
New York City environmental offi-
cials are turning to a new method
of treating bacteria in sewage:
dumping chlorine into sewer
pipes leading to the waterways.
The city’s Department of Envi-
ronmental Protection has long
tried to mitigate the pollution and
health risks from the estimated 20
billion gallons per year of untreat-
ed sewage that flow into city wa-
terways when treatment systems
are overwhelmed during a rain-
fall.
But some environmentalists
claim that details have been scant
on the city’s plan to disinfect
wastewater by chlorinating it in-
side pipes before releasing it into
three bodies of water in Queens
and the Bronx.
“They’re using the most worri-
some and unproven technique
that we have in our toolbox,” said
Sean Dixon, a staff lawyer at
Riverkeeper, a group that seeks to
protect the Hudson River and its
tributaries. “It’s like they’re grab-
bing the last straw and using the
cheapest and least effective
method.”
In response to this and other
water-quality concerns, a coali-
tion of local environmental groups
announced recently that they in-
tended to sue the United States
Environmental Protection
Agency, saying the agency had
not adequately protected water
quality in New York City’s water-
ways under the federal Clean Wa-
ter Act.
Federal officials said they
would not comment on the allega-
tions and directed questions re-
garding the chlorination to New
York State’s Department of Envi-
ronmental Conservation, which is
responsible for enforcing federal
regulations and standards.
The city’s plan includes budgets
for chlorination facilities to be
built to serve three waterways:
Alley Creek and Flushing Creek in
Queens and the Hutchinson River
in the Bronx.
Environmentalists called the
chlorination plan, while compara-
tively small in such a vast sewage
system, an unusual initiative that
they worry might be expanded to
other areas of the city.
A spokesman for the city’s De-
partment of Environmental Pro-
tection, Ted Timbers, said there
were no other approved plans that
included chlorination in sewer
pipes. He said that the chlorina-
tion would run from May through
Tom McDonald at home in Astoria, Queens, above, with the peanut can that contains a por-
tion of the cremated remains of a lifelong friend and fellow Mets fan, Roy Riegel; holding his
photograph, above right; and heading to a Citi Field restroom to flush Mr. Riegel’s ashes.
tended countless games together
at Shea Stadium, which closed in
2008. As adolescents, they raced
jubilantly onto the field when the
Mets beat the Cincinnati Reds in
Game 5 to win the National
League pennant in 1973. They also
suffered through many losing sea-
sons.
A watery send-off had not oc-
curred to Mr. McDonald when he
asked Mr. Riegel’s family for a
Think about it: What
better place for a
plumber’s ashes?
portion of his ashes shortly after
his 2008 death. He originally had
planned only to scatter them in
ballparks and other poignant
spots.
He rubbed the ashes tenderly
into the asphalt of the schoolyard
at Public School 70 in Astoria,
where the two had played pickup
baseball, football and roller
hockey. He smudged them
proudly onto a marker on Lower
The notoriously polluted Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn. Around
20 billion gallons of sewage flow into city waterways each year.
October and that the sewage
would undergo a dechlorination
process before being discharged
into the waterways. He also said
the plan had been discussed at
neighborhood meetings.
Sean Mahar, a spokesman for
the state’s Department of Envi-
ronmental Conservation, said the
state would continue to hold the
Department of Environmental
Protection accountable.
Much of the advocates’ outrage
was spurred by plans released
last month outlining how the city
aimed to address sewer overflow
in the years to come.
Much of the city’s sewer system
remains antiquated, and updating
it is complicated and expensive.
City officials say the system treats
about 1.3 billion gallons of waste-
water on a dry day and can handle
twice that amount during moder-
ate rainfall.
But because impenetrable sur-
faces like rooftops and roadways
cover most of the city, runoff rain-
water floods pipes that also han-
dle output from homes and busi-
nesses. When a treatment plant
reaches capacity, the excess by-
passes processing plants and
flows untreated into waterways.
The city has managed to im-
prove water quality in recent
decades, turning many dismal wa-
terways into spots that are brim-
ming with aquatic life.
Mr. Timbers said New York City
had the largest environmentally
sustainable infrastructure pro-
gram in the country and had in-
vested significant money to build
retention tanks and curbside gar-
dens to reduce runoff into sewers.
The city has a long-range plan
to invest $1.5 billion by 2030 on en-
vironmentally sustainable infra-
structure and has over the last
decade invested more than $10 bil-
THE NEW YORK TIMES NEW YORK TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JOHN TAGGART FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Broadway commemorating the
city’s ticker-tape parade for the
Mets after their 1969 World Series
victory. He dusted them onto
Shea’s original home plate loca-
tion, which is designated by a
marker in Citi Field’s parking lot.
But scattering the ashes at
some stadiums posed problems.
Mr. McDonald’s first attempt, at a
Pittsburgh Pirates game in 2009
at PNC Park, was met with a gust
of wind, recalled Adam Boneker,
46, a friend who has accompanied
Mr. McDonald on many of his trips
to ballparks to dump the ashes.
“It was awkward,” Mr. Boneker
recalled, adding that they re-
solved to try it at a Minnesota
Twins game at the Metrodome in
Minneapolis but, once there, real-
ized that an indoor stadium was
not an appropriate setting.
Afterward, at a nearby Irish
pub, a frustrated Mr. McDonald
excused himself to use the bath-
room. He returned smiling and de-
clared triumphantly, “ ‘I just took
care of Roy,’ ” Mr. Boneker re-
called.
Mr. McDonald had flushed the
ashes in the bathroom.
“Right there, it hit me,” Mr. Mc-
Donald said. “After that, it just
YANA PASKOVA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
lion to upgrade wastewater treat-
ment plants and improve water
quality. In January, the city
agency announced that nitrogen
levels had declined in city water-
ways as a result of $1 billion in up-
grades at four wastewater treat-
ment plants.
The agency also plans on build-
ing a 25-million-gallon storage
tunnel — estimated to cost at least
$1.2 billion — to reduce outflow
into Flushing Bay.
Mr. Dixon, of Riverkeeper,
hailed those projects but called
some strategies shortsighted.
Chlorination of sewage in pipes of-
ten fails to completely disinfect
the material, he said, adding that
residual chlorine can devastate
marine life.
Timothy Eaton, a hydrologist at
the School of Earth and Envi-
ronmental Sciences at Queens
College, said that while chlorine
was an effective disinfectant in
controlled settings like swimming
pools, using it in sewer pipes was
“a very different ballgame.” Un-
predictable and constant changes
in the volume of sewage flow can
complicate the dechlorination
process by creating uncertain
dosages and residual chlorine, he
said.
“It’s very difficult to predict the
amount of water you’re going to
get at any period of time,” he said.
“If you overdose it, you’re basical-
ly treating Flushing Creek and
Flushing Bay like swimming
pools.”
Another hydrologist at the
school, Gregory O’Mullan, called
it a “Band-Aid” treatment that
gives the chlorine limited contact
time to disinfect.
“This is low-level treatment,” he
said, adding that it was the kind of
approach that would have been
used decades ago.
N A25
took on a life of its own.” “walked that tightrope between exterior is wrapped in old Mets
In the years that followed, he — genius and insanity.” ticket stubs. He said he had
often with Mr. Boneker — flushed The fast life caught up with him, enough left for one more tribute,
ashes in stadiums in Arizona, At- and he died at age 48 on April 8, which he plans on doing at
lanta, St. Louis, Kansas City, Mo., 2008, the day of the home opener Durham Athletic Park, the former
Toronto, Detroit, Cincinnati, Balti- of the Mets’ final season at Shea. minor league ballpark in North
more and elsewhere. Mr. McDonald attended the game Carolina where the 1988 movie
In Cleveland, Mr. Riegel’s ashes without Mr. Riegel and returned “Bull Durham” was filmed.
were flushed at both Progressive home to find out his friend had Mr. Riegel’s youngest brother,
Field and at the Rock & Roll Hall of died. Hank Riegel, of Waterloo, N.Y.,
Fame, because Mr. Riegel was a called Mr. McDonald’s method of
He sat down and wrote “A Final
devout rocker. In Chicago, Mr. Mc- ash scattering appropriate, given
Opener, Indeed,” a poem about
Donald flushed them at a White how the start of each baseball sea- his brother’s offbeat outlook on
Sox game but not at a game of the son would renew their childhood life.
Cubs, the Mets’ old National
friendship. “He’d be like, ‘Oh, yeah, do
League nemesis. “Each April, we were once that,’” Hank Riegel said. “He
“It’s funny — not in a joke way again, boys in constant, cool con- would definitely approve of it.
— but funny that it was exactly nection,” wrote Mr. McDonald, Never once did Roy follow the
like Roy would have wanted it,’’
Mr. McDonald said.
who will read his poems next
month at a symposium at the Na-
rules.”
For years, Mr. McDonald con-
Over the years, a wide circle of tional Baseball Hall of Fame in soled himself that at least Mr.
Mr. McDonald’s friends have got- Cooperstown, N.Y. Riegel never had to see his be-
ten updates on the latest In Mr. McDonald’s Astoria stu- loved Shea Stadium torn down.
disposals. dio apartment, filled with baseball Only recently did he decide that
“It became kind of an inside and other memorabilia, he keeps Citi Field was worthy of Mr.
joke: What’s the best place for Mr. Riegel’s remaining ashes in a Riegel’s ashes.
Roy’s ashes?” said Mr. McDonald, Planters peanuts can next to a set And so it was with a poignant
whose friendship with Mr. Riegel of World Series highlight videos smile that he tossed the empty
stretched back to Pack 65 of the and Mr. McDonald’s collection of Advil bottle in the bathroom trash
Cub Scouts and through adult- 149 autographs of baseball Hall of can at Citi Field the other night
hood as the fun moved into local Famers. and returned to his upper-deck
bars. For each trip, Mr. McDonald seat.
Mr. Riegel was “a major par- spoons some ashes into an empty “I know he’s roaring at all this,”
tyer,” Mr. McDonald said, and Advil bottle from the can, whose Mr. McDonald said.
OPENS TOMORROW THRU SUNDAY | PIER 94
NORMAN BLUHM, “SQUAW COVE”, 1966, OIL ON CANVAS, WATERHOUSE & DODD, NEW YORK
MODERN POST-WAR CONTEMPORARY MID-CAREER EMERGING
OFFICIAL ONLINE PARTNER OFFICIAL HOTEL PARTNER
LOCATION | Pier 94 | 55th Street & Westside Hwy
VIP PREVIEW
Wed May 3 2pm-5pm
Access for Art New York + CONTEXT New York VIP Cardholders, Frieze VIP Cardholders,
TEFAF NY VIP Cardholders & Press
GENERAL ADMISSION TICKETS
Wednesday May 3 5pm-8pm One Day Pass $40
Thursday May 4 12pm-8pm Multi Day Pass $75
Students 12-18 & Seniors 62+ $25
Friday May 5 12pm-8pm
Saturday May 6 12pm-8pm Groups 10 or more (online only) $25
Sunday May 7 12pm-6pm Children 12 & under FREE
COURTESY SHUTTLE TO/FROM PIER 94 AND THE FRIEZE FERRY AT 35TH STREET
ADMITS TWO
BE OUR GUEST, AND ENJOY COMPLIMENTARY ADMISSION FOR TWO
DURING PUBLIC FAIR HOURS.
VERY LIMITED AMOUNT OF COMPLIMENTARY TICKETS AVAILABLE AT:
WWW.ARTNEWYORK-CONTEXT.EVENTBRITE.COM
PARTICIPATING GALLERIES, ART TALKS, SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS + EVENTS AT:
ARTNYFAIR.COM | CONTEXTNYFAIR.COM
A26 TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

EDITORIALS LETTERS

Mr. Trump Embraces Another Despot A Conservative’s View of Climate Science

Bret Stephens’s first column in The
New York Times, about climate
“great deal” about the problem is
not surprising, since its ultimate
The United States has long seen itself as a beacon of democ- House has done anything to prepare the groundwork for a
change, drew more than 600 letters, an impact seems far away while we all
racy and a global advocate of human rights and the rule of Duterte visit. The normal way to mend diplomatic ties is to have more immediate problems
unusually large outpouring. Here is a
law. It has faltered, sometimes badly, undermining leaders negotiate privately over months and have the process cul- pressing us in our everyday lives.
sampling.
whose views did not fit its strategic objectives and replacing minate in, not begin with, a White House meeting. But the concern is growing steadily
them with pliant despots. Yet for the most part American What is not in any doubt is Mr. Trump’s own authoritar- as more evidence piles up.
presidents, Republican and Democratic, have believed that ian tendencies and his fondness for other strongman leaders TO THE EDITOR:
ARLIE SCHARDT, WASHINGTON
the United States should provide a moral compass to the who, like him, chafe at governmental checks and balances, Re “Climate of Complete Certainty”
(column, April 29): The writer is chairman of Friends of
world, encouraging people to pursue their right to self-gov- including the courts. Mr. Trump reportedly admires Mr.
Bret Stephens does not deny the the Earth.
ernment and human dignity and rebuking foreign leaders Duterte’s aggressive rhetoric about fighting the Islamic
reality of climate change, but he
who fall short. State and cracking down on drugs. He has praised President uses a familiar strategy from the TO THE EDITOR:
Like so much else under President Trump, though, this Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey for winning a disputed ref- skeptical playbook: misdirection. After skimming the comments
idea has now been turned on its head and people are wor- erendum that will give him vastly more power and invited Rather than acknowledging the role section of Bret Stephens’s first New
ried about the very survival of the values on which America him to the White House on May 16. He has already given a of climate change denial, he blames York Times column, I was disap-
built its reputation and helped construct an entire interna- friendly reception to President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi of Egypt, scientists and their allies for al-
pointed to see the hysterical reac-
tional system, including the United Nations. The latest ex- who was barred from the White House after staging a coup leged certitude. In fact, the scientif-
tion of my fellow liberals to this
ic community has taken great pains
ample is Mr. Trump’s decision to invite four years ago and arresting thousands of political oppo- measured, insightful essay and its
to analyze and communicate the
His fondness for Rodrigo Duterte, the president of the nents. He has replaced harsh criticism of China with praise author. It seemed as though readers
uncertainties related to climate
strongmen, like Philippines, to the White House. for President Xi Jinping, and in the past displayed a bizarre could not bring themselves to care-
change.
fully read and consider a column
the Philippines’ Though the Philippines is an ally affection for Russia’s Vladimir Putin. In 2013, my colleagues and I
about climate change written by a
Rodrigo and a democracy, Mr. Duterte is neither American presidents must work with foreign leaders of published an analysis of scientific
conservative, and therefore could
Duterte, whom a democratic leader nor a worthy ally. all kinds to advance the national interest. But Mr. Trump predictions related to climate
not appreciate that Mr. Stephens is
he invited to For about two decades as mayor of Da- erodes America’s reputation when he uncritically embraces change. We found that scientists
neither a denier nor an advocate for
had generally either been correct in
Washington, vao, he was accused of allowing death those who show the least regard for human rights, rule of
their predictions, within error bars,
inaction with respect to anthropo-
hurts America’s squads to roam the city and kill freely. law and democracy. or had underestimated the rate at
genic climate change. I would ad-
reputation. Most victims were poor drug users and vise them to calm down and read it
which climate change would unfold.
low-level criminals, but bystanders, again, since Mr. Stephens made
For more than two decades,
some excellent points.
children and political opponents were also caught up in the scientists have been the target of
attacks designed to create public Welcome to the neighborhood,
bloodshed. After his election last year, Mr. Duterte took the Mr. Stephens. You may encounter
killing campaign nationwide, effectively giving free license uncertainty and skepticism not just
about proposed solutions, but about hostility, but some of us are glad to
to the police and vigilantes. He has boasted about his tenure the science itself. Polls show that see a new face with fresh opinions,
in Davao, and admitted to personally killing three kidnap- these attacks have worked: Many however often we may disagree.
pers without trial. The mayhem got so bad that last week a Americans, even those who accept SUSAN COVINGTON, HOUSTON
Filipino lawyer formally asked the International Criminal the reality of climate change, be-
Court to charge Mr. Duterte and 11 officials with mass mur- lieve that scientists are still uncer- TO THE EDITOR:
tain.
der and crimes against humanity over the extrajudicial Bret Stephens presents us with a
Mr. Stephens would like to have a
killings of nearly 10,000 people over the past three decades. reasoned conversation about cli- false comparison when he likens
During the last administration, Mr. Duterte disre- mate change. So would I, and so the science of climate change to
spected President Barack Obama by calling him the “son of would every climate scientist I predictions about Hillary Clinton’s
a whore” and threatened to abandon his country’s alliance know. Misdirection and offering election. Political polls are obvi-
opinion as fact do not move us in ously unscientific and prone to
with the United States for one with China. This is obviously error. The virtually universal con-
that direction.
not a man who should be welcomed to the White House. clusion of climate scientists the
Mr. Trump extended his invitation in a telephone call NAOMI ORESKES, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. world over is that global warming
that was described as “very friendly.” Administration offi- The writer is a professor of the history can do great harm to our earth. The
cials said the call was one of several the president made to of science at Harvard University. only uncertainty concerns timing
reassure Southeast Asian leaders of America’s continuing and magnitude.
If we err, it must be on the side of
commitment at a time when they were feeling neglected TO THE EDITOR:
extreme caution. We cannot correct
over Mr. Trump’s focus on China, Japan and North Korea. Despite his sly approach to create errors in judgment about climate
Administration officials said that Mr. Trump was looking to doubt about the seriousness of with another vote.
mend ties with the Philippines as a hedge against China’s climate change, Bret Stephens
acknowledges, “None of this is to FRED SCHLISSEL, WOODMERE, N.Y.
expansion in the South China Sea. But there is no evidence
deny climate change or the possible
that he consulted the State Department, or that the White HEADS OF STATE
severity of its consequences.” TO THE EDITOR:
We see this “possible severity” Bret Stephens is right that there is
happening around us every day — some uncertainty about how bad
from year after year of record-

Populism, Politics and Measles breaking high temperatures to

droughts, floods, warming oceans,
melting glaciers and more.
unchecked climate change will be.
However, that uncertainty cuts both
ways. Scientists have been explicit
One of the tragedies of these post-truth times is that the lies, Ministry of Health had reported 1,739 cases of the disease, that there is a small chance that
At least 97 percent of the thou-
conspiracy theories and illusions spread by social media compared with 840 in all of 2016 and only 250 in 2015. Of global warming and its impacts will
sands of scientists worldwide who
be less severe than their best esti-
and populist politicians can be downright dangerous. The those stricken, 88 percent had not been vaccinated. The dan- have studied this problem for
mates. However, they also report
denial of human responsibility for climate change is one ob- ger was not only to them: 159 of the cases were health care decades agree that climate change
that there is a good chance that the
vious example; another is opposition to vaccination. A seri- workers infected by patients. Yet studies show that 97 per- is a genuine threat to our future
impacts of unbridled carbon pollu-
well-being. Predictions they have
ous outbreak of measles in Italy and in some other Euro- cent of people who receive the recommended two doses of tion will be much, much worse than
made during those decades have
pean countries could well be the result of a drop-off in vacci- MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine are fully pro- their best estimates.
proved mistaken only in that cli-
nations caused by utterly misguided and discredited claims tected. Most people today would not remember a time when mate’s impact is happening much Proper risk management calls for
about their dangers. measles — or mumps, or polio — were faster than they expected. looking at both sides of the uncer-
tainty equation.
Vaccines are among the greatest achievements of medi- An outbreak in commonplace. Mr. Stephens’s assertion that just
cal science, an easily and safely administered defense Italy shows the M5S may not be responsible for the 36 percent of Americans care a HUNTER CUTTING, SAN FRANCISCO
against once common and often deadly diseases like dangers entire outbreak, since vaccine skepti-
measles, polio, smallpox, whooping cough and cervical can- of irresponsible cism predates the party’s rise. Yet the
cer. Yet fear of vaccines has spread over the past two politicians percentage of 2-year-olds given vacci-
decades, fueled in part by an infamous study published in fanning nations has steadily fallen in recent
Invitation to a Dictator Republicans and Racism
the medical journal Lancet in 1998 and later retracted and skepticism years, from 88 percent in 2013 to 86 per- TO THE EDITOR: TO THE EDITOR:
completely discredited. about vaccines. cent in 2014 and 85.3 percent in 2015. Re “Trump Officials Brace for I applaud David Leonhardt’s argu-
More recently, President Trump has added his voice to The World Health Organization regards Anger at Duterte Call” (front page, ment in “The Urgency of Ethnic
vaccine skepticism, like this utterly unfounded and irre- 95 percent as the level to achieve “herd immunity,” at which May 1): Nationalism” (column, April 25)
With each day of the Trump that left and right alike need to
sponsible tweet: “Healthy young child goes to doctor, gets point the disease poses no threat to the entire community.
presidency, the stature of our oppose the racism, anti-Semitism
pumped with massive shot of many vaccines, doesn’t feel Combating vaccine skepticism is not easy, because and ugly nationalism that are
country is further diminished. We
good and changes - AUTISM. Many such cases!” In Italy, even the countless studies by innumerable health groups af- are no longer the beacon of hope surging in global politics. But I am
the populist Five Star Movement (M5S) led by the comedi- firming that there is no link between vaccines and autism for immigrants; no longer the afraid that he lets the Republican
an Beppe Grillo has campaigned actively on an anti-vacci- have failed to penetrate the fog spread by Mr. Grillo and his leader in the battle to mitigate Party off a bit too easily in this
nation platform, likewise repeating the false ties between ilk. The Italian measles outbreak, unfortunate as it is, does climate change; no longer a coun- regard.
vaccinations and autism. give health authorities an opportunity to strengthen their try seeking to reduce gun vio- True, it is the party of Lincoln, as
lence; no longer a country trying he acknowledges. But long before
To these and other skeptics, the measles outbreak in It- case by pointing to concrete evidence of what inevitably fol- it was the party of Donald Trump,
aly should sound a piercing alarm. As of April 26, the Italian lows when vaccinations drop off. to lessen income inequity; no
it was also the party of Barry
longer a country working to pre-
Goldwater, who opposed the Civil
serve our environment. Rights Act of 1964; Richard Nixon,
Instead, we are a country whose whose Southern strategy set the

Clean Government? Prove It president, after a “very friendly

conversation,” invites President
Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines,
template for contemporary race-
baiting campaigns; Ronald Rea-
gan, who launched his 1980 general
Late on Friday, the Office of Government Ethics sent a little- that openly flouts ethical norms. Top-tier government and a man responsible for thousands of election campaign in Philadelphia,
noticed memo to the White House, with the subject, “Data regulatory positions have gone to friends of Wall Street, Big extrajudicial killings, to the White Miss., near the site of the murders
Call for Certain Waivers and Authorizations.” It could have Oil, Big Coal, Big Pharma and for-profit education. Ivanka House. of the civil rights activists James
been titled: “You Said You’d Clean Up Government. Now Trump, a White House senior adviser, reaps trademarks and This act makes a mockery of all Chaney, Andrew Goodman and
Prove It.” promotional opportunities from China and Germany. Jared the United States has stood for. As Michael Schwerner; and Lee At-
American citizens, we should be water, the mastermind behind
On the campaign trail and in office, President Trump Kushner, Ms. Trump’s spouse, is a United States envoy to
ashamed. George H. W. Bush’s Willie Horton
proclaimed his determination to keep his administration countries where his family has business ties. But why ad.
free of lobbyists, foreign agents and special interests, who should anyone in the White House bother to separate busi- CLAY SAMMIS, AMHERST, N.H.
While neither side is blameless
have “reaped the rewards of government while the people ness and government service when the president himself here, the record over the last half-
have borne the cost,” as he said in his inaugural address. promotes everything from his Washington hotel to his pri- century or more is far from even.
A week later, Mr. Trump signed an executive order re- vate Mar-a-Lago beach club. Obama’s Wall Street Speech ROBERT C. LIEBERMAN, BALTIMORE
quiring executive branch employees to obey a list of rules Presiding over this ethical morass is Stefan Passantino, The writer is a professor of political
TO THE EDITOR:
designed to prevent conflicts of interest. But the order is the White House ethics officer. Mr. Passantino is a lawyer science at Johns Hopkins University.
rendered practically worthless by a clause allowing waivers who has represented former House Speakers Dennis Hast- In reading your May 1 editorial
to ethical rules for any White House staff, without any writ- ert and Newt Gingrich in their ethical tangles. In 2009, when about President Barack Obama’s
remuneration for his Cantor
ten explanation or public disclosure. That’s why the ethics the Obama administration was criticized for granting a
Fitzgerald speech (“The Cost of a
office, which ensures that public servants enter government waiver so William Lynn, a former Raytheon lobbyist, could Speech”), I felt a bit put out by
Flying Cars
free from potential conflicts of interest, is demanding that become deputy defense secretary, Mr. Passantino seemed to what seems to be a somewhat TO THE EDITOR:
the White House provide the names of executive branch offi- take the wrong lesson about the disclosure. “Very often in pejorative finger-pointing attitude Re “Defying Roadblocks, Silicon
cials who have received waivers, on what issues, by June 1. Washington and in politics there are efforts to make grand toward his post-presidency. Valley Tests a Flying Car” (Busi-
The Obama administration required that waivers to its pronouncements reflecting a grand change in policy,” he What this dignified and elegant ness Day, April 25): Good; so now
anti-lobbying rules be accompanied by a detailed explana- said. The results, he added, are “the law of good intentions man endured during his presidency people will be texting while flying.
tion written by administration ethics lawyers, and filed with running headlong into the law of unintended consequences.” from those who have acquired JEFF BROWN, EVANSTON, ILL.
the ethics office. In 2009, Republican Senator Charles Grass- It seems unlikely that good intentions have anything to power should exempt him from this
premature criticism of what ap-
ley, a veteran Senate investigator, demanded that the ethics do with Mr. Trump’s grand ethics pronouncements. It’s Mr. pears to be a carefully thought
office release the waivers. “The American people deserve a Passantino’s job to release to the ethics office, and to the through strategy for his appear-
full accounting of all waivers and recusals to better under- public, the names of public servants whom Mr. Trump has ances. ONLINE: MORE LETTERS
stand who is running the government and whether the ad- allowed to bypass the rules. If he stonewalls, we look again He just might be the right man at Child care and tax credits:
ministration is adhering to its promise to be open, transpar- to Republicans like Mr. Grassley, now chairman of the pow- the right time to help save us from “How the tax system can
ent, and accountable,” Mr. Grassley wrote. erful Senate Judiciary Committee, to remind this adminis- ourselves, and for that, he can support working families and
Now, in the absence of any action from Congress, the tration that the American people deserve an accountable charge whatever he wants.
enhance quality simultaneously.”
government ethics office is on its own with a White House government, and to make sure they get it. KATHERINE BERLOWE, NEW YORK nytimes.com/opinion

Christians
Who Shield
O’Reilly
Katelyn Beaty
I
NSTITUTIONS plagued by sexual
assault scandals tend to look alike:
They are usually insular organiza-
tions that resist external checks and
revolve around authoritative men.
This characterization fits Fox News,
which recently fired its host Bill O’Reilly
after sexual harassment allegations
against him (and pressure from adver-
tisers) mounted.
But it is also applies to the white evan-
gelical Christian community. This group
is not a monolith, but its social hierarchy
often functions like the military, a univer-
sity or private business. It’s not a co-
incidence that conservative evangelical
leaders tend to resist taking harassment
and assault claims seriously.
Eric Metaxas, a best-selling Christian
author, tweeted after the firing that Mr.
O’Reilly’s ouster was “tremendously
sad” and that his show had been a “bless-
ing to millions.” When people responding
to his tweet noted that he was silent on
the harassment itself, he wrote “Jesus
loves Bill O’Reilly” and told his followers
to pray for their enemies.
Many Christian leaders responded to
Donald Trump’s bragging about sexual
assault with a similar line of defense.
Jerry Falwell Jr., president of Liberty
University, the country’s largest Chris-
tian college, said that “we’re all sinners”
and that Mr. Trump had apologized. (In
fact, Mr. Trump has said that he doesn’t
ask God for forgiveness and didn’t need
to ask his wife for it either.) Mr. Falwell
later claimed to have proof that the wom-
en accusing Mr. Trump of sexual har-
assment were lying.
David Brody, a correspondent with the
Christian Broadcasting Network, ex-
Evangelical leaders tend
to resist taking sexual
assault claims seriously.
cused Mr. Trump’s language at the time
by saying, “We all sin every single day.”
Jim Garlow, a prominent California pas-
tor, refused to “cast any stones” at Mr.
Trump, invoking Jesus’ teaching in the
Gospel of John. He then called Hillary
Clinton a modern-day Herod who would
kill all the unborn babies if elected.
Within the ranks of conservative
church leadership, this default empathy
for powerful men is coupled with tone
deafness for victims. But the phenom-
enon is also a misapplication of the Chris-
tian teaching on forgiveness. Mr. Metax-
as wrote a biography of the German
theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer, so he is
surely familiar with his teaching on
cheap grace — “the preaching of for-
giveness without requiring repentance.”
Cheap grace wrongly separates absolu-
tion of sin from acknowledgment of that
sin. In Christian teaching, God forgives
people before they confess wrongdoing.
But among individuals, groups and na-
tions, there can be no forgiveness when
wrongdoing isn’t named.
In cases of sexual assault, cheap grace
is doubly dangerous: It can allow a guilty
party to continue his abuse while victims
stay silent in fear of punishment.
In churches, a quick forgiveness for
perpetrators often dovetails with strict
standards of purity for women. From a
young age, many Christian women are
taught to dress modestly so as not to
cause men to “stumble.” John Piper, a
prominent pastor and theologian, has
said that “a lot of Christian women are
oblivious to the fact that they have some
measure of responsibility” in managing
men’s lust. The moralizing about dress
and behavior can be a setup for victim-
blaming wrapped in a spiritual veneer.
Perhaps churches have been slow to
address sex crimes out of a belief that
such offenses couldn’t happen among
their own. It’s assumed that the culture
of harassment at a place like Fox News
would never come to infect a community
serving God. This thinking is both naïve
and theologically irresponsible: Chris-
tians, of all people, acknowledge the
depths of human depravity.
In recent years, undeniable scandals
at Bob Jones University, Sovereign
Grace Church and Bill Gothard’s family
ministry, among others, have awakened
many conservative Christians to the re-
ality of sexual assault in their own ranks.
Boz Tchividjian, a grandson of the evan-
gelist Billy Graham, is a law professor
who runs Grace (Godly Response to
Abuse in the Christian Environment).
While the organization focuses on child
abuse, Mr. Tchividjian speaks regularly
on sex crimes in general. He critiques
Christian organizations that respond to
abuse with “institutional self-protec-
tion,” often by couching self-protection
as “protecting the name of Christ.”
If conservative Christians want to pro-
tect the faith — especially in a time when
they fear loss of cultural power — they
must show preferential care not for the
powerful but for victims. They must be
just as quick to extend empathy to wom-
en who have been harassed as they are to
extend forgiveness to harassers.
This is the hard work that epitomizes
Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s conception of
“costly grace.” An application of costly
grace would mean showing perpetrators
that their actions have real conse-
quences. It would also ensure that vic-
tims are heard and given tools for heal-
ing long before there is any talk of restor-
ing their abusers. 0 market fell by more than 20 percent. Fis-
KATELYN BEATY is an editor at large for
Christianity Today and the author of “A
Woman’s Place.”
THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
America’s Political Disunion
Robert P. Jones
A
FTER the British writer G. K.
Chesterton visited the United
States for the first time, he re-
marked that America was “a na-
tion with the soul of a church.”
Mr. Chesterton wasn’t referring to the
nation’s religiosity but to its formation
around a set of core political beliefs en-
shrined in founding “sacred texts,” like the
Declaration of Independence. He noted
that the United States, unlike European
countries, did not rely on ethnic kinship,
cultural character or a “national type” for
a shared identity.
The profoundness of the American ex-
periment, he argued, was that it aspired to
create “a home out of vagabonds and a na-
tion out of exiles” united by voluntary as-
sent to commonly held political beliefs.
But recent survey data provides trou-
bling evidence that a shared sense of na-
tional identity is unraveling, with two mu-
tually exclusive narratives emerging
along party lines. At the heart of this di-
vide are opposing reactions to changing
demographics and culture. The shock
waves from these transformations — har-
nessed effectively by Donald Trump’s
campaign — are reorienting the political
parties from the more familiar liberal-ver-
sus-conservative alignment to new poles
of cultural pluralism and monism.
An Associated Press-NORC poll found
nearly mirror-opposite partisan reactions
to the question of what kind of culture is
important for American identity. Sixty-six
percent of Democrats, compared with
only 35 percent of Republicans, said the
mixing of cultures and values from around
the world was extremely or very impor-
tant to American identity. Similarly, 64
percent of Republicans, compared with 32
percent of Democrats, saw a culture
grounded in Christian religious beliefs as
extremely or very important.
These divergent orientations can also
be seen in a recent poll by P.R.R.I. that ex-
plored partisan perceptions of which
groups are facing discrimination in the
country. Like Americans overall, large
majorities of Democrats believe minority
groups such as African-Americans, immi-
grants, Muslims and gay and transgender
people face a lot of discrimination in the
country. Only about one in five Democrats
say that majority groups such as Chris-
tians or whites face a lot of discrimination.
Voodoo Economics, Then and Now
Steven Rattner
A
S a young New York Times report-
er nearly four decades ago, I
helped chronicle the rollout of
what proved to be among our
country’s greatest economic follies — the
alchemistic belief that huge tax cuts can
pay for themselves by unleashing faster
economic growth.
Buoyed by this idea, Congress passed
the largest tax reductions in history just
seven months after Ronald Reagan’s in-
auguration. I was deeply skeptical of the
illogical notion that tax cuts could some-
how pay for themselves, so much so that
I was attacked by name on the Wall
Street Journal op-ed page. That, in turn,
caused consternation among my editors
in an era when reporting was meant to be
less analytical.
Nonetheless, I felt no joy as the plan
immediately made a bad economy
worse.
Now comes Donald Trump, essentially
trying to revive that same supply-side
credo (famously branded “voodoo eco-
nomics” by George H. W. Bush) with his
proposal for $5.5 trillion of tax give-
aways, mostly for business.
What proved a bad idea then is a worse
one now. Unemployment was 7 percent
and rising when President Reagan took
office. Today, with unemployment at just
4.6 percent, broad-based fiscal stimulus
isn’t likely to create many new jobs.
For its part, the Reagan tax cut in-
creased the budget deficit, helping ele-
vate interest rates over 20 percent,
which in turn contributed to the double-
dip recession that ensued. The stock
cally, the revenue loss totaled 2.9 percent
of the average gross domestic product
between 1981 and 1985.
But perhaps the greatest damage in-
Republicans, on the other hand, are
much less likely than Democrats to be-
lieve any minority group faces a lot of dis-
crimination, and they believe Christians
and whites face roughly as much discrimi-
nation as immigrants, Muslims and gay
and transgender people. Moreover, only
27 percent of Republicans say blacks ex-
perience a lot of discrimination, while 43
percent say whites do and 48 percent say
the same of Christians.
Taken as a whole, these partisan por-
traits highlight contrasting responses to
the country’s changing demographics and
culture, especially over the past decade as
the country has ceased to be a majority
white Christian nation — from 54 percent
in 2008 to 43 percent today. Democrats —
only 29 percent of whom are white and
Christian — are embracing these changes
as central to their vision of an evolving
American identity that is strengthened
and renewed by diversity. By contrast, Re-
publicans — nearly three-quarters of
whom identify as white and Christian —
We’re losing our shared
identity to diverging
political narratives.
see these changes eroding a core white
Christian American identity and perceive
themselves to be under siege as the coun-
try changes around them.
Americans of both political parties
sense the unraveling of a broadly shared
consensus of American identity, although
they cite different reasons for feeling that
way. About seven in 10 Republicans and
Democrats fear that the United States is
losing its national identity, the A.P.-NORC
survey found. The two political parties
may not share much, but each is increas-
ingly aware that the other has embraced a
radically different vision of America’s
identity and future.
These responses are shifting the po-
litical magnetic field that defines the par-
ties. Republican leaders are finding strong
support among their base for the Trump
administration’s executive order barring
travel to the United States from particular
Muslim-majority countries. But their plan
to repeal and replace the Affordable Care
Act was dramatically derailed by factions
within their own party.
Democrats, on the other hand, are en-
flicted by the Reagan tax cuts was to our
political psyche, making respectable —
particularly among Republicans — the
terrifying notion that high deficits result-
ing from tax cuts don’t matter because
faster economic growth will quickly
close the gap. (At the time, this idea was
called supply-side economics, but it has
now been rebranded with the phrase
“dynamic scoring.”)
In 2002, while trying to justify another
set of irresponsible tax cuts, Vice Presi-
dent Dick Cheney reportedly said, “Rea-
gan proved deficits don’t matter.” By the
end of George W. Bush’s tenure, the sur-
pluses that he had inherited were squan-
dered, and as the financial crisis raged,
the deficit soared to $511 billion before
Reagan’s tax cut blew up
the deficit. Trump’s plan
could do even worse.
peaking at $1.6 trillion in 2009 (all figures
in 2016 dollars).
Deficits have left a lasting mark in the
form of vast piles of national debt — $14
trillion currently, up from $712 billion
when Mr. Reagan took office, an almost
20-fold increase. Big deficits can some-
times be advisable, as they were in aid-
ing recovery from the 2009 recession.
But incurred pointlessly, as Mr. Trump is
proposing, large fiscal gaps simply mean
more debt that will be left to our children
and grandchildren to pay off.
A large deficit is another significant
difference in the state of the economy
compared with 36 years ago and helps
explain why Mr. Trump’s business-heavy
proposals are not only grossly unfair to
middle-class Americans but also terrible
policy.
HARRY CAMPBELL
joying energetic backing from their base
for pro-immigration and pro-L.G.B.T.
stances, but they are experiencing in-
creasing opposition to their support for
free trade.
There have been other times in our his-
tory when the fabric of American identity
was stretched in similar ways — the Civil
War, heightened levels of immigration at
the turn of the 20th century and the cultur-
al upheavals of the 1960s.
But during these eras, white Christians
were still secure as a demographic and
cultural majority in the nation. The ques-
tion at stake was whether they were going
to make room for new groups at a table
they still owned. Typically, a group would
gain its seat in exchange for assimilation
to the majority culture. But as white Chris-
tians have slipped from the majority over
the past decade, this familiar strategy is
no longer viable.
White Christians are today struggling
to face a new reality: the inevitable sur-
render of table ownership in exchange for
an equal seat. And it’s this new higher-
stakes challenge that is fueling the great
partisan reorientation we are witnessing
today.
The temptation for the Republican
Party, especially with Donald Trump in
the White House, is to double down on a
form of white Christian nationalism,
which treats racial and religious identity
as tribal markers and defends a shrinking
demographic with increasingly autocratic
assertions of power.
For its part, the Democratic Party is
contending with the difficulties of organ-
izing its more diverse coalition while fac-
ing its own tribal temptations to embrace
an identity politics that has room to cele-
brate every group except whites who
strongly identify as Christian. If this re-
alignment continues, left out of this oppo-
sition will be a significant number of
whites who are both wary of white Chris-
tian nationalism and weary of feeling dis-
counted in the context of identity politics.
This end is not inevitable, but if we are
to continue to make one out of many, lead-
ers of both parties will have to step back
from the reactivity of the present and take
up the more arduous task of weaving a
new national narrative in which all Ameri-
cans can see themselves. 0 Unlike most voucher programs, many
ROBERT P. JONES, the chief executive of the
Public Religion Research Institute, is the
author of “The End of White Christian
America.”
After dropping to $444 billion in 2015,
the federal deficit is again marching up-
ward. By 2026, it is projected to be $1 tril-
lion. In normal times, economists con-
sider a deficit of about 3 percent of G.D.P.
— where it is now — to be appropriate.
The Trump plan isn’t all bad. I under-
stand our need to lower the corporate tax
rate to compete with other countries and
adjust other provisions to keep compa-
nies and jobs here. Critics are correct
that our business-tax structure encour-
ages companies to ship jobs and even
themselves overseas. But in return for
that concession, which would signifi-
cantly benefit shareholders, we should
be raising the 23.8 percent capital gains
rate closer to the top rate of 39.6 percent
on earned income, not lowering it.
Should Mr. Trump’s proposal become
law, I’ll bet the denouement resembles
that of Reagan’s: In 1982, just a year after
those cuts, Congress enacted new provi-
sions that recovered about a third of the
lost revenues, and by the end of Reagan’s
administration, additional tax increases
raised that figure to about two-thirds.
Don’t get me wrong — we have signifi-
cant economic challenges (as reflected
in our anemic sub-2 percent growth
rate), and thoughtful tax policy can play
a positive role. We haven’t had a serious
attack on loopholes, complexities and
egregious deductions since 1986, and we
desperately need another one.
But what we don’t need — and can’t af-
ford — is another round of huge, unpaid-
for tax reductions that saddle us with
large amounts of new debt without pro-
ducing the growth levels being pre-
dicted. Changing the sales slogan from
“supply-side economics” to “dynamic
scoring” won’t do anything to shield us
from the painful consequences. 0 reasonable expectation for somebody
STEVEN RATTNER is a Wall Street executive
and a contributing opinion writer.
N A27
DAVID LEONHARDT
School Choice
Works While
Vouchers Don’t
BETSY DEVOS’S FAVORITE education policy
keeps looking worse. Last week, the Ed-
ucation Department, which she runs, re-
leased a careful study of the District of
Columbia’s use of school vouchers, which
she supports. The results were not good.
Students using vouchers to attend a
private school did worse on math and
reading than similar students in public
school, the study found. It comes after
other studies, in Ohio and elsewhere,
have also shown weak results for vouch-
ers.
To channel President Trump: Who
knew that education could be so compli-
cated?
The question for DeVos is whether
she’s an ideologue committed to prior be-
liefs regardless of facts or someone who
has an open mind. But that question
doesn’t apply only to DeVos. It also ap-
plies to all of us trying to think about edu-
cation, including her critics. And the re-
sults from Washington are important
partly because they defy easy ideo-
logical conclusions.
Before diving into those results, I want
to make two broader points. First, educa-
tion isn’t just another issue. It is the most
powerful force for accelerating economic
growth, reducing poverty and lifting
middle-class living standards. Well-edu-
cated adults earn much more, live longer
and are happier than poorly educated
adults. When researchers try to tease out
whether education does much to cause
these benefits, the answer appears to be
yes.
Second, the highly charged debate
over education often lapses into mislead-
ing caricature. On one side of the carica-
ture are defenders of traditional public
schools, who believe in generous fund-
ing, small class sizes and teacher train-
A highly charged debate
that often lapses into
misleading caricature.
ing. On the other are so-called reformers,
who believe in vouchers, charter schools
and standardized tests.
Unfortunately, this caricature mixes
several ideas that do not necessarily go
together. In particular, it conflates vouch-
ers (coupons that let parents use their
tax dollars for private schools) with
charter schools (public schools that op-
erate outside the usual bureaucracy).
Hard-core reformers, like DeVos, sup-
port vouchers and charters. Hard-core
traditionalists oppose both. The rest of us
should distinguish between them, be-
cause their results differ.
Vouchers have been disappointing.
They are based on the free-market the-
ory that parents will choose good schools
over bad ones. It’s a reasonable theory,
and vouchers can have benefits, like al-
lowing children to leave dangerous
schools.
For the most part, though, identifying
a good school is hard for parents. Con-
ventional wisdom usually defines a good
school as one attended by high-achiev-
ing students, which is easy to measure.
But that’s akin to concluding that all of
LeBron James’s coaches have been
geniuses.
charter-school systems are subject to
rigorous evaluation and oversight. Local
officials decide which charters can open
and expand. Officials don’t get every de-
cision right, but they are able to evaluate
schools based on student progress and
surveys of teachers and families.
As a result, many charters have flour-
ished, especially in places where tradi-
tional schools have struggled. This evi-
dence comes from top academic re-
searchers, studying a variety of places,
including Washington, Boston, Denver,
New Orleans, New York, Florida and
Texas. The anecdotes about failed char-
ters are real, but they’re not the norm.
Douglas Harris, a Tulane professor,
says the difference between charters
and vouchers boils down to “managed
competition” versus the “free market.”
Susan Dynarski of the University of
Michigan talks about charters’ success-
fully combining flexibility and account-
ability. Joshua Angrist of M.I.T. says,
“Flexibility alone is not enough.”
Crucially, many charters are open to
all comers, which means their success
doesn’t stem from skimming off the best.
And the schools’ benefits extend beyond
test scores to more meaningful metrics,
like college graduation.
The District of Columbia study high-
lights the charter/voucher contrast in a
neat way. The voucher results look so
weak — even worse than elsewhere —
partly because the city’s charters are so
strong. That is, voucher recipients are
being compared with children at higher-
performing public schools than in the
past, and the voucher schools aren’t
keeping up.
It’s an argument for a political compro-
mise: fewer vouchers, more charters.
If you’re a progressive, I realize that
this compromise may make you squea-
mish. Progressives often prefer to spend
more on traditional schools — which are
still crucial — and to trust them.
But I would encourage you to look at
the full evidence with an open mind.
Charters have the potential to help a lot
of poor children in the immediate future,
and it’s hard to think of a more important
progressive goal.
As for Secretary DeVos, I hope she is
similarly open to new facts. It seems a
whose title is secretary of education. 0
David Brooks is off today.
A28 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
 Concern Over European Elections Itineraries SportsTuesday Pages 8-12
Tech Tackles Fake News Music Is in the Air A Pitcher’s Hard Lesson
Computer experts are using Musical interludes at U.S. Noah Syndergaard, who bulked
algorithms to spot and stop the airports are easing passenger up in the off-season, has a torn
spread of misinformation. 3 stress and generating revenue. 4 torso muscle. On Baseball. 8

N B1

TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

Wall Street
Shudders
As Trump
Muses
For a brief moment, Wall Street
stopped on Monday, as if time was
suspended in an alternative reality.
President Trump, for the first time
as resident of the White House, said
aloud that he was
ANDREW considering breaking
up the nation’s big-
ROSS SORKIN gest banks. Of course,
he had said it on the
DEALBOOK
campaign trail, but
this seemed different.
“I’m looking at that right now,” Mr.
Trump told Bloomberg News during
an interview in the Oval Office.
“There’s some people that want to go
back to the old system, right? So
we’re going to look at that.”
The headline ricocheted around
the email boxes of senior bank exec-
utives across the industry. At the
Milken Global Conference in Los
Angeles, where Treasury Secretary
Steven Mnuchin had just finished
speaking — and didn’t mention
breaking up the banks — the hall-
ways quickly buzzed about the com-
ment, according to participants, as
their phones lit up. Shares of bank
stocks dived lower within seconds of
the headline, only to recover quickly.
Mr. Trump’s comments shouldn’t
come as a surprise: His chief eco-
nomic adviser, Gary D. Cohn —
formerly president of Goldman
Sachs — has been not-so-quietly
trying to socialize the idea of bring-

Break up the banks?

Saying aloud what had
seemed theoretical.

ing back the Glass-Steagall Act, the

Depression-era law that was enacted
to prevent investment and commer-
cial banks from combining. The law
was repealed in 1999, helping to
bring about the supersized banking
giants that dominate the market
today.
Before Monday’s musings, Mr.
Trump’s thoughts on the matter had
felt like a theoretical exercise, those
who have met with him say.
What would be surprising, howev-
er, is if Mr. Trump made it a reality. It
would be one thing for him to “do a
big number” on Dodd-Frank, the
2010 law that imposed stricter regu-
lations on banks in the aftermath of
the financial crisis — he has repeat-
edly stated that he wants to pare it
back, repealing parts of the law. But
it would be a much more seismic ALESSANDRO PAUTASSO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
shift to bring back Glass-Steagall,
which would be the equivalent of

A Star Trader’s Decline

doing “a big number” on the banks
themselves. The biggest names in
banking would presumably face the
choice of having to shed either their
commercial banking arm or their
investment banking division.
When Mr. Trump met with busi-
ness executives in February at the
White House, he turned to Jamie
Dimon, chief executive of JPMorgan
Chase, an unabashed defender of big
banks, for advice. JPMorgan Chase
would not exist in its current form
were it not for the 1999 repeal of
Glass-Steagall.
“There’s nobody better to tell me
about Dodd-Frank than Jamie, so
you’re going to tell me about it,” Mr.
Trump said at the time, to the con-
sternation of proponents of more
banking regulation.
Viewed through the prism of goos-
ing the economy and creating jobs —
Continued on Page 6
By ALEXANDRA STEVENSON
and MATTHEW GOLDSTEIN
John A. Paulson is one of the best-known names
in the hedge fund industry. But these days, Mr. Paul-
son is having more success in the political realm than
he is managing his business.
Mr. Paulson, 61, was one of the first people on Wall
Street to back Donald J. Trump’s bid for the presiden-
cy. He counseled Mr. Trump on economic matters
during the campaign. He gave $250,000 to Mr.
Trump’s inaugural committee. And he recently
visited President Trump at the White House for a
“C.E.O. Town Hall.”
But his investors are unlikely to be impressed by
his political access. His firm, Paulson & Company, has
recorded nearly double-digit losses in several of its
larger funds as of the end of March.
That dismal record is a far cry from nearly a dec-
ade ago, when Mr. Paulson made nearly $15 billion
John Paulson’s betting on the collapse of the housing market. Back
then, state pension funds and investors around the
hedge fund today world rushed to give him their money to manage.
Even Mr. Trump became an investor with Mr. Paul-
manages $26 son — and eventually lost money.
billion less than it Mr. Paulson’s struggles come after a gut-wrench-
ing 2016, when he recorded even steeper losses in
did in 2011. those funds, partly because of several wrong-footed
bets on drug makers, including the troubled Valeant
Pharmaceuticals. That followed a painful 2015, when
investors first balked and began pulling their money
from his firm.
A representative of Mr. Paulson declined a re-
quest for an interview with him. His funds are said to
Continued on Page 5

TV Station Owners Rush to Seize on Looser Rules Shake-Up at AllianceBernstein

By MICHAEL J. de la MERCED
and CECILIA KANG
The media industry has been rife with
consolidation in recent years: Cable
companies, film studios and
telecommunications firms have all been
bought and sold at a rapid clip.
Now, local television stations are at
the center of the deal-making frenzy.
Last week, a day after the Federal
Communications Commission eased
regulations over how many stations an
owner may have, Sinclair Broadcasting,
the largest local broadcast group in the
country, said it would buy 14 New York-
based stations for $240 million.
The timing of Sinclair’s deal may not
have hinged directly on the change, but
it demonstrated a demand for broadcast
station mergers. Sinclair did not reply to
requests for comment.
And now, a bidding war has begun
over Tribune Media, the owner of WGN
America and, in New York, PIX 11.
The Blackstone Group appears to be
working with 21st Century Fox on a bid
for Tribune. And Sinclair is also circling
that company.
“The F.C.C. has basically said: ‘Game
on. We’re going to let you consolidate
further than anyone had imagined,’”
said Richard Greenfield, a media ana-
lyst at BTIG.
Consolidation of local broadcast sta-
tions could lead to more expensive fees
for consumers as providers pass on
ever-higher fees from broadcasters and
content creators to subscribers. But to
media companies, the mantra of late has
been that bigger is better.
For broadcast station companies in
particular — including Sinclair, Fox and
the Nexstar Media Group — owning
more stations increases their power
over cable companies, which pay to re-
transmit the stations.
Fox’s motive for pursuing Tribune,
which has more Fox affiliates than any
other station owner, largely appears to
be blocking a deal with Sinclair. It plans
Continued on Page 2
As Money Managers Struggle
By LANDON THOMAS Jr.
In a move that highlights the increas-
ing pressures faced by stock pickers on
Wall Street, Peter S. Kraus, the chief ex-
ecutive of AllianceBernstein Holding,
was ousted by the money manager’s
controlling shareholder on Monday.
The abrupt shake-up, which included
the appointment of six new members to
the AllianceBernstein board and the re-
moval of nine, comes as investors contin-
ue to abandon higher-priced, actively
managed mutual funds in favor of
cheaper exchange-traded funds that
track a wide variety of stock and bond in-
dexes.
AllianceBernstein, an institutional
fund manager rooted in a culture of ac-
tive stock management, has seen
investors take their money elsewhere in
recent years despite efforts by Mr. Kraus
to reverse the company’s fortunes.
As part of the reshuffling, Axa Finan-
cial, the French insurance giant that
owns the firm, named as Alliance’s chair-
man Robert B. Zoellick, a former presi-
Continued on Page 5
B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Airbnb and San Francisco
Settle Registration Dispute
By KATIE BENNER
SAN FRANCISCO — Airbnb
agreed on Monday to settle a law-
suit against the city of San Fran-
cisco, putting to rest litigation that
could have hampered the compa-
ny’s efforts to expand and go pub-
lic.
In the settlement, Airbnb essen-
tially agreed to San Francisco’s
demand to be more transparent
about its hosts and to help enforce
existing registration laws. It fol-
lowed the company’s dropping of
a lawsuit in December over a New
York law that fines people who il-
legally list their homes on short-
term rental platforms. Taken to-
gether, the actions mean Airbnb
has cleared up outstanding litiga-
tion in two of its biggest markets
in the United States.
The latest settlement removes a
regulatory cloud over the com-
pany as it readies itself for a public
offering, even though Airbnb,
which is based in San Francisco
and has a valuation of about $30
billion, still faces legal disputes in
a handful of markets. The compa-
ny’s chief executive, Brian
Chesky, said this year that the
company could be ready to go
public in a year.
Arun Sundararajan, a professor
at New York University’s Stern
School of Business who studies
the so-called sharing economy,
said, “As Airbnb gears up to go
public over the next couple of
years, creating a stable envi-
ronment with less regulatory un-
certainty is good for them.” He
added, “While it is well past the
point where regulations pose an
existential threat to the company,
regulatory issues are still the big-
gest source of uncertainty about
its future revenue streams.”
Airbnb and another short-term
rental company, HomeAway,
brought the lawsuit against San
Francisco in June over a decision
by the city’s Board of Supervisors
to fine the companies $1,000 a day
for every unregistered host on its
TV Station Owners Appear Eager to Seize on Relaxed F.C.C. Rules
From First Business Page
to form a joint venture with the
Blackstone Group, an investment
giant, in which Blackstone would
provide the cash for a deal while
Fox would provide its own televi-
service.
The board imposed the fines af-
ter it realized that hosts had not
been complying with a cumber-
some process passed in 2014 that
asked them to register in person
at a city office overseeing short-
term rentals. Airbnb was so influ-
ential in the creation of the origi-
nal rule that it was often referred
to as the Airbnb law. Airbnb re-
sponded to the fines by suing the
city.
David Campos, a former mem-
ber of the San Francisco Board of
Supervisors, said at a news con-
ference announcing the settle-
ment, “Three years ago, we said
the law being passed, which was
written by Airbnb, won’t work be-
cause there was no skin in the
game in terms of enforcement.”
Under the settlement between
the city and the companies,
Airbnb and other services like
HomeAway will collect data from
people who rent their homes out
for less than a month on their
sites. San Francisco will use that
information to vet and register
hosts.
Companies like Airbnb will
have to regularly provide the city
with the data it needs to enforce
local laws. The companies will
also cancel reservations and de-
activate listings if the city notifies
them of an invalid registration.
The city also preserved its abil-
ity to hold companies like Airbnb
accountable by fining them $1,000
per violation if they do not take
down illegal listings.
“There are 2,100 registered
hosts and about 8,000 listed. We
don’t have exact numbers, but it’s
not a secret that there are a lot of
folks gaming the system and vio-
lating the law,” Dennis J. Herrera,
the San Francisco city attorney,
said.
Airbnb said the deal with San
Francisco was the latest step in its
plan to work with local govern-
ments on short-term rental legis-
lation and tax collection. The com-
sion stations, according to people
briefed on the plans who were not
authorized to speak publicly
about the matter.
If successful, Fox would then re-
duce its direct exposure to local
television stations, Mr. Greenfield
A group funded by Airbnb put up billboards around San Francisco in 2015 opposing a measure restricting short-term rentals.
pany has come to similar agree-
ments in New Orleans and Chi-
cago.
“We want to work with cities as
partners,” said Chris Lehane, the
head of public policy at Airbnb.
“We are appreciative of the work
with the San Francisco city attor-
ney’s office.” Mr. Lehane said the
new system would likely be put
into effect by 2018.
Mr. Lehane declined to say how
settling outstanding legislation
would affect the company’s ability
to go public. He said complying
with laws and working with local
governments would allow Airbnb
to “build the foundation” and
make sure it was “getting the ba-
sics right.”
The settlement is contingent on
the approval of the San Francisco
said, while still holding on to a
piece — and while stymieing a ri-
val.
Details of the potential joint
venture were unclear, as were the
precise reasons that Fox was
turning to Blackstone. Tribune is a
relatively small company, with a
market value of about $3.4 billion.
But for companies like Fox and
Sinclair, consolidation is also a de-
fensive move, shoring them up at
a time when online rivals like Net-
flix and Hulu are commanding
more viewers. Content providers
like CBS and the Walt Disney
Company are also pushing for big-
ger fees from broadcasters.
And local television advertising
sales, excluding political ads and
the Olympics, were roughly flat
last year, according to the re-
search from Magna Global, with
expectations that 2017 will be even
tougher.
Getting bigger through station
acquisitions, then, is meant to
help these companies drive hard-
er bargains. And smaller opera-
tors have emerged as potential
takeover targets: The stock prices
of two other broadcast companies,
E. W. Scripps and Gray Television,
Board of Supervisors, some of
whom spoke favorably of the deal
at a news conference hosted by
Mr. Herrera.
Airbnb also said last week that
it would allow the California De-
partment of Fair Employment and
Housing to conduct fair-housing
tests on hosts in California. Under
the agreement, state agents can
pose as potential travelers to see
whether a host complies with anti-
discrimination and fair-housing
laws.
“This is all part of a broader
shift towards Airbnb taking on
more regulatory responsibility,”
Mr. Sundararajan said. “It’s also
first steps, over time, toward gov-
ernments trusting Airbnb to as-
sume more responsibility for reg-
ulating their hosts.”
are both up sharply this year.
Underpinning broadcasters’
dreams of expansion is the hope
that Ajit Pai, the F.C.C.’s new
chairman and a Republican, will
let through the kinds of deal
making that had been held up dur-
ing the Obama administration.
“Companies are talking about
deals now because they have rea-
Consolidation could
help companies drive
harder bargains.
son to believe the F.C.C. will relax
all the ownership rules,” said Paul
Gallant, an analyst at Cowen and
Company.
The first tangible step came
with a 2-to-1 vote by the F.C.C. last
week to reintroduce the so-called
UHF discount.
Longstanding rules prohibit
companies from covering more
than 39 percent of American
households, but the UHF discount
Dennis J. Herrera, the San Francisco city attorney, at City Hall
on Monday. Airbnb will provide data on its hosts to the city.
allows station owners to exclude
certain stations that operate in ul-
trahigh frequencies. With the
reinstated discount, according to
calculations by Fitch Ratings, Sin-
clair’s household coverage per-
centage has fallen to about 25 per-
cent, from 38 percent, while Nexs-
tar’s has dropped to 27 percent,
from 39 percent, opening the door
to new mergers and acquisitions.
“This represents a rational first
step in media ownership reform
policy allowing free and local
broadcasters to remain competi-
tive with multinational pay TV gi-
ants and broadband providers,”
Gordon Smith, the president of the
National Association of
Broadcasters, said in a statement.
The F.C.C.’s rule change fol-
lowed pressure from industry
groups. One week before the vote,
Mitch Rose, NBC Universal’s sen-
ior vice president for government
relations, visited the office of the
other Republican commissioner
on the F.C.C., Michael O’Reilly,
urging him to reinstate the UHF
discount.
And in February, Tribune Me-
dia’s general counsel, Edward
Lazarus, met with Mr. Pai’s chief
of staff, Matthew Berry, and lob-
bied for the change in rules.
Mr. Pai has long been critical of
strict broadcast ownership rules.
He has said that online media
companies such as Google, Face-
book and Netflix are competing
for audiences that were once
served only by television. He has
also been skeptical of rules
against broadcast ownership
limits, given that the agency has
approved mergers in competing
industries, including Charter’s
purchase of Time Warner Cable
and AT&T’s purchase of DirecTV.
At the annual National Associa-
tion of Broadcasters convention in
Las Vegas last week, Mr. Pai an-
nounced his intention to re-exam-
ine other media ownership rules.
Broadcasters hope that one limit
that may be removed is a prohibi-
tion on owning more than two sta-
tions in a local market.
Consumer groups and
Democrats in Congress and at the
F.C.C. warn that the changes will
lead to great industry consolida-
tion, giving a few companies great
influence over news and public
opinion.
The action “will actually harm
the public interest, by reducing di-
versity, competition and local-
ism,” Mignon Clyburn, the sole
Democrat at the F.C.C., said after
the UHF discount vote.
In a letter to Mr. Pai last month,
Democratic House members ar-
gued against both the UHF dis-
count and a union of Sinclair and
Tribune. Such a merger, they con-
tended, could lead to higher cable
fees because Sinclair charges ca-
ble companies more than Tribune
does to retransmit its broadcasts.
“These were mergers that
could never have been contem-
plated a year ago,” Mr. Greenfield,
of BTIG, said of the deals that
might blossom under the new
F.C.C. “You’re enabling the impos-
sible in many ways, so people are
saying, ‘Let’s take a shot at this.’”
JASON HENRY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ERIC RISBERG/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Citing Bias,
Contributor
To Fox News
Files Lawsuit
By JONAH ENGEL BROMWICH
Fox News faced a fresh legal
challenge on Monday after Diana
Falzone, a reporter at the net-
work, accused it of discriminating
against her on the basis of her
gender and her fight against a
chronic disease.
Ms. Falzone, who appeared reg-
ularly on Fox News and helped
host several shows on the net-
work‘s website, claimed in a suit
filed Monday in the New York
State Supreme Court in Manhat-
tan that she had been barred from
further appearances after writing
an op-ed column for Fox News dis-
closing that she had endometri-
osis and was likely to be infertile.
The suit
claims that Ms.
Falzone had ap-
proval from her
supervisors to
write the
column, which
ran with the
headline
“Women
Should Never
Diana Falzone Suffer in Si-
in 2016. lence.”
According to
the lawsuit, her supervisor, Refet
Kaplan, told her shortly after the
piece ran that executives at the
network had barred her from ap-
pearing on the air on Fox News or
its website, the suit says, adding
that Ms. Falzone was not given a
reason for the decision. The filing
did not elaborate on why she be-
lieved the column led to her being
barred other than noting that it
happened three days after the ar-
ticle was published and that she
previously had received positive
performance evaluations.
“The issues raised in Diana Fal-
zone’s lawsuit are a concern for all
women,” Nancy Erika Smith, a
lawyer for Ms. Falzone, said in a
statement. “Fox News never
banned her male counterparts
who have discussed their person-
al health issues on air. Indeed,
those men saw their careers ad-
vance.”
Ms. Falzone’s claim is the latest
of many the network has faced
since its former chief, Roger Ailes,
was forced out last summer after
being accused by at least six wom-
en of inappropriate behavior. Last
month, Bill O’Reilly, the network’s
most popular host, was pushed
out after The New York Times re-
vealed that five women had been
paid about $13 million to settle har-
assment claims. Mr. Ailes and Mr.
O’Reilly both deny the allegations
against them.
Last week, 11 current and for-
mer employees filed a class-action
lawsuit against the network ac-
cusing it of racial discrimination.
A spokeswoman for the net-
work did not immediately reply to
a request for comment.

Andreas Vlachos is one of a growing number of researchers looking for ways to use artificial intelligence to combat fake news and improve the political debate.
As Europe Heads to the Polls, Tech Tackles Fake News
Computer experts are using sophisticated algorithms and online data to spot misinformation.
By MARK SCOTT
LONDON — In the battle
against fake news, Andreas Vla-
chos — a Greek computer scien-
tist living in a northern English
town — is on the front lines.
Armed with a decade of ma-
chine learning expertise, he is
part of a British start-up that will
soon release an automated fact-
checking tool ahead of the coun-
try’s election in early June. He
also is advising a global competi-
tion that pits computer wizards
from the United States to China
against one another to use artifi-
cial intelligence to combat fake
news.
“I’m trying to channel my re-
search into something that is use-
ful for everyone who’s reading the
news,” said Mr. Vlachos, who is
also an academic at the University
of Sheffield. “It’s a positive way of
moving artificial intelligence for-
ward while improving the political
debate.”
As Europe readies for several
elections this year after President
Trump’s victory in the United
States, Mr. Vlachos, 36, is one of a
growing number of technology ex-
perts worldwide who are harness-
ing their skills to tackle misinfor-
mation online.
The French electorate heads to
the polls in the second round of
presidential elections on May 7,
followed by votes in Britain and
Germany in the coming months.
Computer scientists, tech giants
ABC’s ‘Live’ Ends Search,
Naming Seacrest Co-Host
By BROOKS BARNES
and JOHN KOBLIN
Ryan Seacrest, the master Hol-
lywood multitasker, was named
Kelly Ripa’s “Live” co-host on
Monday, giving him a high-profile
platform and bringing stability to
an important ABC morning show
as it prepares for new competi-
tion.
“It’s making sure the show is in
the right hands — one day,
eventually, I’m sure of it, I will re-
tire,” Ms. Ripa, 46, who has been a
“Live” host since 2001, said by
phone. “And Ryan Seacrest, who
is a seamless broadcaster and a
kind human being, is the one who
can take this show into the future.”
Mr. Seacrest, 42, speaking on a
separate call, heaped similar
praise on Ms. Ripa. “She is so
smooth and seamless and won-
derfully clever and quick — she’s
part of people’s lives, in their liv-
ing rooms — and I want to come in
as a friend of hers and as a friend
to the audience,” he said.
The honeymoon period may be
short. Starting in the fall, NBC will
make a renewed push for ratings
supremacy in the 9 a.m. Eastern
time slot that Ms. Ripa and her
various wingmen have long domi-
nated.
Setting up what promises to be
one of the most intriguing battles
in television, an NBC spokeswom-
an said Monday that Megyn
Kelly’s new daytime talk show
would go up against Ms. Ripa and
Mr. Seacrest. Cue the Kelly-ver-
sus-Kelly tabloid headlines.
Ms. Kelly joined NBC in Janu-
ary after a successful ratings run
at Fox News.
“It’s always interesting to me
and start-ups are using so-
phisticated algorithms and reams
of online data to quickly — and au-
tomatically — spot fake news fast-
er than traditional fact-checking
groups can.
The goal, experts say, is to ex-
pand these digital tools across Eu-
rope, so the region can counter the
fake news that caused so much
confusion and anger during the
United States presidential elec-
tion in November, when outright
false reports routinely spread like
wildfire on Facebook and Twitter.
“Algorithms will have to do a lot
of the heavy lifting when it comes
to fighting misinformation,” said
Claire Wardle, head of strategy
and research at First Draft News,
a nonprofit organization that has
teamed up with tech companies
and newsrooms to debunk fake re-
ports about elections in the United
States and Europe. “It’s impossi-
ble to do all of this by hand.”
Researchers have tried to learn
from the United States’ run-in
with fake news, but the problem in
Europe has mutated, experts say,
making it impossible to merely
replicate American responses to
the issue.
European countries have differ-
ent languages, and their media
markets are smaller than those in
the United States. That means
groups that set up fake news sites
in the United States, seeking to
profit from online advertising
when false claims were shared on
when people try to pit us against
other shows,” Ms. Ripa said,
brushing aside a question about
increased competition. “We don’t
compare ourselves to anybody be-
cause we are the only ones who do
what we do.”
Mr. Seacrest joins Ms. Ripa one
year after her previous “Live” co-
host, Michael Strahan, abruptly
left for a job at “Good Morning
America” on ABC. It was a badly
bungled transition: Ms. Ripa felt
blindsided by Mr. Strahan’s nego-
tiations with ABC, which were
kept secret until the last minute,
and she saw ABC as slighting her
show in favor of another. She did
not come to work for three days
while ABC did damage control.
(“Live” is produced and distribut-
ed by Disney-ABC syndication.)
But Ms. Ripa, who recently
signed a multiyear contract, said
she had moved on from that
drama. “Whatever brought us to
here was worth it 1,000 times
over,” she said. “This is a great,
great moment.”
At the start of Monday’s show,
Ms. Ripa and Mr. Seacrest walked
on stage holding hands.
“Nice to see you, partner,” he
said.
“Hi, partner,” she responded,
giving him a noisy kiss on the
cheek.
Then they discussed her week-
end flu and his mother’s texting
vocabulary, and he read from a list
of first-day dos and don’ts. “I’m a
little bit nervous,” he said.
“Live,” with its celebrity chit-
chat, home viewer trivia segment
and occasional burst of confetti,
has been a brightly lit national
television institution since 1988,
when Regis Philbin and Kathie
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
social media, are less prevalent in
Europe.
So far, outright fake news
stories have been relatively rare.
Instead, false reports have more
often come from Europeans on so-
cial media taking real news out of
context, as well as from fake
claims spread by state-backed
groups like Sputnik, the Russian
news organization.
But with fake news already
swirling around Europe’s forth-
coming elections, analysts also
worry that technology on its own
may not be enough to combat the
threat.
“There’s an increased amount
of misinformation out there,” said
Janis Sarts, director of the NATO
Strategic Communications Center
of Excellence, a think tank in Riga,
Latvia, that will hold a hackathon
with local coders in May to find po-
tential tech solutions to this trend.
“State-based actors have been
trying to amplify specific views to
bring them into the mainstream.”
Calls for combating fake news
have focused on some of the big-
gest online players, including
American giants like Facebook
and Google.
After criticism of its role in
spreading false reports during the
United States elections, Facebook
introduced a fact-checking tool
ahead of the Dutch elections in
March and the first round of the
French presidential election on
April 23. It also removed 30,000
Lee Gifford held the coffee mugs.
Little about the bouncy show will
change with Mr. Seacrest’s arriv-
al, at least at first. “Live,” after all,
still wins its time period, attract-
ing an average of 3.2 million view-
ers, according to Nielsen.
“We welcome Ryan’s energy,
enthusiasm and entrepreneurial
spirit and look forward to all the
possibilities that the future holds,”
Ben Sherwood, president of the
Disney-ABC Television Group,
said in a statement.
“Live With Kelly and Ryan,” as
the syndicated series will now be
called, represents an important
career moment for Mr. Seacrest.
The program returns him to regu-
lar broadcast television a year af-
ter the end of “American Idol,”
which he hosted on Fox for 15 sea-
sons. A successful run on “Live”
could give a boost to Mr.
accounts in France that had
shared fake news, a small fraction
of the approximately 33 million
Facebook users in the country.
Not everyone, though, has em-
braced Facebook’s response.
Most German publishers, for in-
stance, have so far balked at par-
ticipating in the company’s fact-
checking efforts, saying it is the
responsibility of the social net-
work, not them, to debunk such
claims. German lawmakers are
mulling potential hefty fines
against tech companies if they do
not clamp down on fake news and
online hate speech.
Since last year, Google also has
funded almost 20 European
projects aimed at fact-checking
potentially false reports. That in-
cludes its support for two British
groups looking to use artificial in-
telligence to automatically fact-
check online claims ahead of the
country’s June 8 parliamentary
election.
It similarly has teamed up with
French newsrooms to create
digital tools, including ways to
track trending topics during that
country’s election.
David Dieudonné, head of the
company’s news lab in France,
said the project had debunked 43
reports since February (arguably
a relatively small figure), includ-
ing claims that Saudi Arabia was
funding the campaign of Emman-
uel Macron, the leading candi-
date.
Seacrest’s personal businesses,
which include a clothing line,
Ryan Seacrest Distinction, and a
coming skin care line. (The show
also brings him another rich pay-
day. Terms of his multiyear con-
tract were not disclosed, but it is
easily worth millions of dollars an-
nually.)
For ABC, which has pursued
Mr. Seacrest for years, landing
him required a herculean behind-
the-scenes effort to rearrange his
Rubik’s Cube of a schedule.
Robert A. Iger, the chief executive
of the Walt Disney Company,
which owns ABC, was even in-
volved, Mr. Seacrest said.
Consider, for instance, Mr.
Seacrest’s Los Angeles radio
show, “On Air With Ryan
Seacrest,” which iHeartRadio
broadcasts on weekday mornings
from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. Pacific time.
“We’re trying something new,”
Mr. Dieudonné said. “There’s no
easy answer for this complicated
issue.”
Not all potential solutions,
though, are being driven by Sili-
con Valley’s big beasts.
David Chavalarias, a French ac-
ademic, has created a digital tool
that has analyzed more than 80
million Twitter messages about
the French election, helping jour-
nalists and fact-checkers to
quickly review claims that are
spread on the social network.
After the presidential election
in the United States last year,
Dean Pomerleau, a computer sci-
entist at Carnegie Mellon Univer-
sity in Pittsburgh, also challenged
his followers on Twitter to come
up with an algorithm that could
distinguish fake claims from real
news.
Working with Delip Rao, a for-
mer Google researcher, he offered
a $2,000 prize to anyone who
could meet his requirements. By
early this year, more than 100
teams from around the world had
signed on to Mr. Pomerleau’s Fake
News Challenge.
Using a database of verified ar-
ticles and their artificial intelli-
gence expertise, rival groups — a
combination of college teams, in-
dependent programmers and
groups from existing tech compa-
nies — already have been able to
accurately predict the veracity of
certain claims almost 90 percent
DAVID M. RUSSELL/ABC
It will continue in its present form.
But he will now work from a New
York recording studio instead of a
California one, at least for most of
the year, and some segments dur-
ing the radio program’s first hour
— since it will overlap with “Live”
— will be taped.
“Very few people have both the
appeal and the work ethic to ac-
complish this,” Robert W. Pittman,
chief executive of iHeartMedia,
said in a statement. “I’m pleased
to see him return to another regu-
lar TV platform.”
Mr. Seacrest’s “American Top
40,” a nationally syndicated week-
end radio show, will continue. So
will his hosting duties for iHeart
events and his affiliation with
NBCUniversal’s E channel. Mr.
Seacrest hosts red-carpet specials
for E, and his Los Angeles-based
production company supplies the
N B3
TOM JAMIESON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
of the time, Mr. Pomerleau said.
He hopes that figure will rise to
the mid-90s before his challenge
ends in June.
“This is just Round 1 of what we
want to do,” said Mr. Pomerleau,
who expects the teams to share
their work with fact-checking
groups worldwide. “Next, we
want to move toward multimedia
content like videos.”
In the rush to find solutions to
fake news, some within the indus-
try are taking a decidedly more
low-tech approach.
Jimmy Wales, the founder of
Wikipedia, recently started a
crowdfunding campaign to create
a news organization that would
combine professional journalists
with digital volunteers, who
would contribute to reports in a
way similar to how articles are
created on Wikipedia.
Part fact-checking site, part tra-
ditional newsroom, the project —
called Wikitribune — was inspired
by the effect of misinformation on
the United States presidential
election. Mr. Wales said his project
would choose subject areas based
on the interests of the community
of volunteers and paying sub-
scribers to the service, relying
more on traditional reporting
techniques than high-tech wizard-
ry.
“The real impetus for this was
fake news,” he said. “We want peo-
ple to get behind topics, and then
we’ll hire staff to cover them.”
Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest
on “Live” in November. It has
been a year since Ms. Ripa
had a full-time co-host.
network with reality shows like
“Keeping Up With the Kardashi-
ans.” Among his other commit-
ments: hosting “Dick Clark’s New
Year’s Rockin’ Eve With Ryan
Seacrest” for ABC, maintaining
endorsement deals with Coca-
Cola and Ford, and various philan-
thropic and nonprofit pursuits.
“The puzzle of it all is what took
a long time to figure out,” Mr.
Seacrest said of the negotiations
with ABC. “I love to do a lot, but I
am very conscious of making sure
that no commitment is less favor-
ite than another. They all deserve
full focus, full attention, full ener-
gy.”
In many ways, Mr. Seacrest and
Ms. Ripa are mirror images. They
have a peppy polish, teacup
physiques and an ability — harder
than it looks — to engage celebri-
ties in entertaining conversation.
They first got to know each other
more than a decade ago at Walt
Disney World in Florida, where
they hosted a Christmas parade
telecast.
Who would land the “Live”
hosting job had been a topic of hot
speculation for the celebrity news
media over the last year. Ander-
son Cooper? Mario Lopez? For
Ms. Ripa, who had approval over
who would sit beside her on
“Live,” Mr. Seacrest got the job the
day in November when he ap-
peared on the show as her guest
co-host and did an awkward cook-
ing segment with his mother, Con-
nie. (They made oyster casse-
role.)
“It’s like he didn’t even know
what a kitchen is,” Ms. Ripa said.
“And I thought: ‘Did we finally
find a flaw in this person? Innnter-
esting.’”
B4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

ITINERARIES

Security Line Blues? Maybe Some Cool Jazz Will Help

By AMY ZIPKIN
The last thing Joel Malizia, a co-
founder of the video production com-
pany Pilot Moon Films, expected when
he arrived at the airport in Austin, Tex.,
for the recent South by Southwest festi-
val was the sound of live music.
What he heard was the ensemble of
Wendy Colonna, who describes her mu-
sical style as Americana. “It was so ethe-
real,” he said.
Austin-Bergstrom International Air-
port is among over a half-dozen airports
in the United States that offer travelers
frazzled by bottlenecks on security lines
and cramped seating on planes (not to
mention pressured airport employees) a
bit of a respite in the form of music.
Ms. Colonna said that her group
played at the airport about four times a
year as part of the airport’s Music in the
Air program. “We don’t have to go on the
road to make new fans,” she said. “At the
airport, the road comes to us.”
For much of the year, several musical
groups perform weekly, but during South
by Southwest in March, that number
swelled to more than 20, said Michael
Pennock, the music coordinator for the
city’s aviation department.
The city aviation department; Dela-
ware North Companies, a food service
and hospitality company based in Buf-
falo; and Pepsi underwrite the program.
The musicians are paid $120 for two 50-
minute sets on four smaller stages or
$100 per musician for up to five musi-
cians on a main stage on the secure side
of the airport.
For a similar program at Nashville In-
ternational Airport, Music in the Termi-
nal, 80 to 100 bands perform each year on
four stages. Last year, Pittsburgh Inter-
national Airport began hosting two
performances a month in the baggage PHOTOGRAPHS BY TODD SPOTH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
claim area. Houston Airport System cre-
ated a performance series, Harmony in The Apollo Chamber Players at the William P. Hobby Airport in Houston, one of about a half-dozen airports that offer frazzled travelers a
the Air, with rotating soloists, including respite through music. Matthew J. Detrick, a violinist, said that the gig “teaches us to break down barriers between audience and performer.”
classical music and jazz, at William P.
Hobby Airport beginning in 2015 and
George Bush Intercontinental Airport in
2016. San Diego Airport recently institut-
ed a paid performing arts residency. This
year’s winner, TranscenDance, began
performances there last month.
The idea is not a new one: After the
Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, Portland Inter-
national Airport in Oregon began host-
ing musical performances by volunteer
musicians and now has 65 performances
a week.
The airports’ arrangements with mu-
sicians vary. Most pay the performers,
although rates may depend on experi-
ence, the size of the group and even the
difficulty of the genre. Funding comes
from a combination of sources. An air-
port authority may join forces with a cor-
porate partner or a state or municipal
arts commission. Houston Airport Sys-
tem has an enterprise fund for opera-
tions, maintenance and capital improve-
ments.
While passengers say they appreciate A report released in March by the Air- pany who lives in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., helped improve the group’s perfor- three hours ahead for international
the unexpected interludes, and musi- ports Council International-North Amer- agree. Ms. Seymour said that hearing a mances. “It teaches us to break down flights. Concerts are scheduled to lead up
cians’ earnings and fan bases may re- ica, a group in Washington representing blues guitarist when she arrived at the barriers between audience and per- to afternoon departures.
ceive a lift from the programs, airports’ airport owners and aviation-related Nashville International Airport recently former,” he said. For all its entertainment value, music
decisions to offer performing arts are businesses, said that airports estimated “set the mood for the trip.” Maricela Kruseman, the performing can only go so far in easing passengers’
they would need almost $100 billion for And a performance may reach listen- arts program manager for the Houston stress. Barbara E. Lichman, a lawyer
largely for their own benefit, said Steven
capital projects over the next five years. ers beyond its in-person audience. Shar- Airport System who books talent, said specializing in aviation at Buchalter, a
A. Carvell, a professor at the Cornell Uni-
Right now, they can fund only about half jeel Ahsan, a certified public accountant that the audition process was competi- law firm in Irvine, Calif., said that the air-
versity School of Hotel Administration.
that on their own. in Houston who said he traveled about tive. Musicians are expected to have a lines and the Transportation Security
“Arts are one of the few things an air- “Music provides a better passenger six times a year for business, was walk- college degree in music, five years of ex- Administration needed to closely exam-
port authority can do to control the experience and encourages people to ar- ing through Hobby Airport in February perience, two professional and two per- ine their contributions to travelers’ anxi-
traveler experience,” he said. “They take rive earlier,” said Darren Perry, a manag- when he heard strains of classical music. sonal references, and must be perform- ety. She pointed to cramped and over-
the traveler out of the space they are in, ing director in the aviation and travel Before getting something to eat and ing in Houston. (Currently 10 groups per- crowded airplanes and what she consid-
so they are not attending to their anxi- practice at L.E.K. Consulting. “The earli- continuing to his gate, he stopped for form at two Houston airports.) Other air- ered illogical parameters for T.S.A.
ety.” er they arrive, the more money they about 15 minutes to hear the Apollo ports have their own criteria; a common searches.
A potential for increased profits may spend. The money could be used for any Chamber Players. He recorded the seg- requirement is for musicians to reside “Fix the problems in the industry and
also factor into that decision. In airports number of things, from improving the fa- ment on his phone and still listens to it. and have performing experience in a don’t coat them over with icing like mu-
where entertainment is offered in areas cilities to making the facilities more com- Later, he said, he told his colleagues specific city. sic,” she said.
past security lines, the music gives pas- fortable.” about his encounter. Ms. Kruseman said that she had re- Still, Ms. Kruseman said, the comment
sengers a reason to linger near shops Some passengers, like Donna Sey- Matthew J. Detrick, a violinist and ar- cently moved some of the performances cards she receives are positive. One
and food and beverage concessions, and mour, an assistant vice president and ac- tistic director for the Apollo Chamber at Bush Intercontinental to Terminal D, called a performance “a soothing touch
to make purchases. count executive at a title insurance com- Players, said that the airport gig had where passengers are expected to arrive of hospitality to my trip.”

Fyre Festival Organizers Diplo at Coachella in 2013.

His group Major Lazer was
billed as part of the Fyre Festi-
Face Wrath of Attendees val, which was canceled.

The festival has told attendees

By BEN SISARIO
and JOE COSCARELLI
On Friday, the music industry
woke up to the news that the Fyre
Festival, promoted as a pair of lux-
urious concert weekends in the
Bahamas, had been abruptly can-
celed, with attendees taking to so-
cial media to post images of
shoddy beach accommodations
and far-from-gourmet meals.
And then, for the festival
organizers, the legal and financial
reckoning began.
Over the weekend, one disap-
pointed ticket buyer filed a law-
suit alleging fraud, and the Baha-
Other Areas 795
Pennsylvania
PENNSYLVANIA
PHILLY DEVELOPMENT DEALS.
OFF-MARKET TROPHY SITES.
RYAN@AGENTPHL.COM
BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITIES
(3400)
Capital to Invest 3404
FINANCE AVAILABLE
for real estate business.
Please email your info at
Chambordgroup@gmail.com
mian government sought to re-
assure travelers of the safety of
the islands.
The lawsuit, which seeks $100
million and class-action status,
was filed by Mark J. Geragos, a ce-
lebrity lawyer who has repre-
sented Chris Brown and Kesha, on
behalf of Daniel Jung, a Los Ange-
les man who, according to the suit,
paid $2,000 for a ticket and airfare
to the festival.
The event, announced in De-
cember through a wave of Insta-
gram posts by celebrities and
supermodels, was advertised as
including popular acts like
Blink-182, Major Lazer, Migos and
Rae Sremmurd. The rapper Ja
Rule and his business partner, the
25-year-old technology entrepre-
neur Billy McFarland, were be-
hind the festival, and attendees
were promised music, catered
meals and V.I.P. accommodations
in a beach paradise.
But once the first fans arrived
on flights from Miami on Thurs-
day, it was clear that the festival
was not what it was promised to
be. According to Mr. Jung’s suit,
the scene “was closer to ‘The
Hunger Games’ or ‘Lord of the
Flies’ than Coachella.” (The pro-
testations of the event’s wealthy
young clientele, however, also
drew plenty of social media scha-
Melena Ryzik contributed report-
ing.
denfreude.)
In an email, Mr. Geragos said
that “we have been inundated
with people distraught over what
happened” who wanted to join the
suit, filed Sunday in federal court
in California.
Organizers issued a statement
saying, “The Fyre Festival is a
dream and a vision that we regret-
tably did not see come to life how
we imagined in 2017, but our main
priority now is rectifying the situ-
ation and helping all affected
guests.”
It is still not clear just how, or
when, the event fell apart. Last
month, The Wall Street Journal re-
ported that some of the perform-
ers had not been paid advances,
but talent agents representing
acts on the bill said the fees were
eventually paid.
Blink-182 withdrew on Thurs-
day afternoon, telling its fans,
“We’re not confident that we
would have what we need to give
you the quality of performances
we always give.” Yet even that
evening, agents for other acts
were given no indications from
organizers of trouble ahead.
In a lengthy statement, the di-
rector general of the Bahamas
Ministry of Tourism, Joy Jibrilu,
defended Great Exuma, where the
festival was to be held, as a devel-
oped island with a fully function-
CHAD BATKA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ing infrastructure. And one more
thing: “Despite reports, the wa-
ters surrounding Great Exuma
are not shark-infested,” she said.
Festival organizers have cited
rough weather as one cause of
complications at the event site but
also admitted in a statement, “We
were simply in over our heads.”
In a presentation put together
to entice investors, which was ob-
tained by Vanity Fair, the festival
organizers claimed they had been
given access to land worth $8.4
million in exchange for putting on
the festival and advertising the is-
land. The Ministry of Tourism did
not respond to a message seeking
comment.
they can have their tickets re-
funded or receive a V.I.P. ticket to
Fyre Festival 2018, “which will
take place at a U.S. beach venue.”
Yet talent managers and others
expressed doubt that anyone in
the music industry would work
with the Fyre team again.
An email sent over the weekend
to ticket holders included a link to
an online form for requesting re-
funds. Organizers asked cus-
tomers not to request refunds on
payments they had already dis-
puted through their credit card
companies, a move some made al-
most as soon as they arrived.
Shivi Kumar, 33, who split a
$3,500 deluxe lodge package with
six friends, asked her bank to re-
fund the money she had uploaded
to a digital wristband, which
organizers had recommended
that guests use instead of cash.
“When I called Bank of Amer-
ica, they said, ‘We already know
about everything’” regarding the
festival, Ms. Kumar said. “They
didn’t even do a temporary credit;
they just refunded it.”
The organizers’ email also
promised that Mr. McFarland
would make a personal apology
by phone and asked ticket holders
for the best number to use to con-
tact them.
“We are now one of the world’s
most famous festivals,” the note
said, “for all the wrong reasons.”

Donald J. Trump with John A. Paulson at the Economic Club of New York last September. Mr. Paulson was an early Wall Street supporter of Mr Trump.
Star Trader’s Fund Manages $26 Billion Less Than It Did in 2011
From First Business Page
have performed better in April,
said a person with knowledge of
the firm who spoke on the condi-
tion of anonymity.
Despite his mounting losses,
there is little indication that Mr.
Paulson, who donated $400 mil-
lion to Harvard University’s
school of engineering in 2015, is
throwing his hands up and walk-
ing away.
“It is clear that Paulson has dug
in with both heels and committed
to steering the firm through this
period,” said David Black, founder
of Quadra Advisors, a recruiting
firm for hedge funds and other in-
vestment firms.
Nonetheless, his assets under
management continue shrinking.
Paulson & Company manages just
under $10 billion today, down from
$36 billion in 2011. Nearly two
years ago, some Wall Street banks
began to recommend that
investors redeem some of their
money from the firm.
And while Mr. Paulson is not the
only hedge fund manager to see
large investors pull their money in
recent years, he has become a
symbol of what some pension
funds have taken issue with for
the industry at large: big fees for
little reward and little originality.
Mr. Paulson has remained up-
beat with investors, according to
two people who have seen recent
investor letters but spoke on the
condition of anonymity.
A Shake-Up at AllianceBernstein Amid Money Managers’ Struggles
From First Business Page
dent of the World Bank and senior
economic official in Republican
administrations.
Mr. Zoellick did have a stint
with Goldman Sachs, but he has
no hands-on experience in the as-
set management industry.
Seth Bernstein, a longtime JP-
Morgan Chase executive, was
named chief executive.
According to a regulatory filing,
Axa has agreed to buy Mr. Kraus’s
4.3 million shares of Alliance
stock, a transaction that will net
him about $100 million.
Wall Street chief executives
have been fired before, but such
an extensive reshuffling — sud-
denly removing nine directors —
is unusual. Alliance, or AB, as the
firm has recently rebranded itself,
manages about $500 billion, with a
focus on managing bond and equi-
ty portfolios for large institutions
like pension and sovereign wealth
funds.
And while there had been out-
flows and some ups and downs in
performance, analysts had been
saying that Mr. Kraus’s strategy
had been showing some signs of
success.
The firm had sought regulatory
approval for starting a suite of
funds in which the investor fee
would rise or fall depending on
performance.
And fund returns have been re-
spectable of late. According to
Credit Suisse, 74 percent of AB
funds were ranked four or five
stars by Morningstar, a figure that
far surpassed those of larger ac-
tive managers like Franklin Tem-
“While we are disappointed in
performance in 2016, we believe
we have a path to a recovery,” Mr.
Paulson told investors in one let-
ter.
But it has not been smooth sail-
ing. In another letter to investors
of a merger arbitrage fund that de-
clined by 49 percent last year, Mr.
Paulson called 2016 “the most
challenging year since inception.”
In May, Mr. Paulson will address
his investors at a meeting at Clar-
idge’s Hotel in London.
Mr. Paulson’s fall from stock-
trading stardom underscores a
common disclaimer in industry
Playing a hunch that
the subprime
mortgage market was
poised to collapse.
parlance: Past performance is no
guarantee of future returns.
In early 2007, Mr. Paulson, who
started his firm in 1994, was still a
relatively unknown hedge fund
manager. A former Bear Stearns
investment banker, he had a repu-
tation for running a solid if boring
hedge fund that made bets on the
outcomes of various mergers and
acquisitions.
But as the housing market be-
Peter Kraus in 2015. He was ousted as AllianceBernstein’s chief
executive on Monday as nine board members were removed.
pleton and T. Rowe Price.
The shake-up came as a shock
to employees, most of whom left
work on Friday believing that Mr.
Kraus was their leader, according
to an employee who declined to be
identified.
Over the weekend, though, Axa
moved quickly to make the
change.
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
gan to show signs of overheating,
Mr. Paulson had a hunch that
home loans to borrowers with
spotty credit histories — which
were ballooning at the time —
were about to go sour. He po-
sitioned his firm to benefit in the
event of a huge failure of the sub-
prime mortgage market.
It was a bet that few were will-
ing to take, but one that resulted in
a major payday for him and his
firm, and was later referred to as
“The Greatest Trade Ever,” in a
book by the reporter Gregory
Zuckerman.
After the financial crisis,
investors flocked to Mr. Paulson’s
firm, which is in Midtown Manhat-
tan, a stone’s throw from Rocke-
feller Center.
For several years, Paulson &
Company continued to make
money for some of his investors,
but the performance increasingly
grew bumpy. This was particu-
larly true for the firm’s flagship
Advantage fund. It lost 36 percent
in 2011 and plunged another 14 per-
cent in 2012, but rallied to post a 26
percent gain in 2013, according to
an HSBC industry report and peo-
ple with knowledge of the firm’s
performance. The losses were am-
plified in Advantage Plus, a ver-
sion of the fund that uses leverage
to enhance returns.
Over the last three years, Ad-
vantage has consecutively re-
corded double-digit losses. Some
of Mr. Paulson’s merger funds,
credit funds and gold funds have
COLE WILSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
On a conference call on Monday,
analysts who cover the stock chal-
lenged the chairman of Axa, Denis
Duverne, asking him repeatedly
why he had decided on such an ex-
treme step given the firm’s im-
proved performance in recent
quarters.
One analyst asked if there were
other issues, perhaps related to
posted positive returns, but the
overall picture has not been
pretty.
But Mr. Paulson soldiered on
and even began to raise money in
2015 for a private equity fund and
one focused on health care stocks.
Health care bets, in particular
those on pharmaceutical compa-
nies, have proved especially pun-
ishing for Mr. Paulson and his
investors. Losing wagers on eco-
nomic recoveries in Greece and
Puerto Rico haven’t helped.
The Valeant trade resulted in a
nearly $2 billion loss for the firm
— bad, but not as disastrous as it
was for another famed investor,
William A. Ackman, whose firm
Pershing Square Capital Manage-
ment lost $4 billion on Valeant.
Some of Mr. Paulson’s top talent
have moved on. Putnam Coes, his
former chief operating officer, left
the firm in September. Soon after,
John Reade, a senior vice presi-
dent who was based in London,
left.
Despite his losses, Mr. Paulson
is still making new and specula-
tive investments. In November,
Paulson made an investment in
Didi Chuxing, a fast-growing Chi-
nese ride-hailing firm that signed
a deal to acquire Uber Technolo-
gies’ operations in China.
One bright spot could be a bet
on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Steven T. Mnuchin, the Treas-
ury secretary, has pledged to re-
turn the mortgage finance giants
to free-standing publicly traded
the company’s finances, that
drove the board to act as it did.
“There were no concerns about
anything,” Mr. Duverne said. “Its
just an acceleration of the changes
with the new team.”
On the call, Mr. Duverne took
pains to say that he was support-
ive of the direction Mr. Kraus had
taken the firm. But Mr. Duverne
also left little doubt that he wanted
More investors are
opting for cheaper
exchange-traded
funds.
the company to adapt more
rapidly to the changes rattling the
fund management world.
“We are not here to challenge
what has been done in the past,”
he said. “We want to adjust the
company to the new structure of
the industry.”
According to Morningstar, 36
percent of the mutual funds it
tracks now follow passive strat-
egies — up from 16 percent 10
years ago. Morningstar believes
that the share of index-driven
strategies will increase to 48 per-
cent by 2021.
Active managers have been
struggling for years to come up
with a strategy for confronting the
tremendous flow of money to pas-
sive investment strategies, but
the recent pickup in money mov-
ing to exchange-traded funds is
JOHN TAGGART/BLOOMBERG
companies, a development that
could make Mr. Paulson’s funds
big profits. Mr. Paulson and Mr.
Mnuchin, a former hedge fund
manager, once worked together to
pull OneWest Bank out of the
wreckage of IndyMac, a lender
that the federal government
seized in 2008.
Several new funds the firm has
started are posting positive re-
turns, too.
“We remain confident in the
long-term relationship we have
with Paulson,” said Christopher
Zook of CAZ Investments, a Texas
wealth management firm that re-
cently rotated out of the poorly
performing Paulson Special Situa-
tions fund into a newer Paulson
fund.
And Mr. Paulson and other
hedge fund managers stand to be
big beneficiaries of Mr. Trump’s
plans to slash taxes.
Yet 2017 is shaping up as an-
other rough one for Mr. Paulson.
The Advantage fund was down 9.7
percent as of the end of March and
the Partners Enhanced fund
continues to sink — falling just
over 8 percent after last year’s 49
percent plunge.
Even after several years of los-
ing money for his investors, Mr.
Paulson remains one of the richest
men in the world — with a net
worth of about $7.9 billion, accord-
ing to Forbes.
But, as the financial magazine
recently noted, he is now $2 billion
poorer.
forcing many to act sooner rather
than later.
The industry leaders, Vanguard
and BlackRock, have attracted
record-setting amounts into their
exchange-traded-fund lineups.
Asset management experts and
executives have warned that a
vast reordering of the sector is in-
evitable.
“We are going to see a large con-
solidation in the asset manage-
ment industry,” Laurence D. Fink,
the chief executive of BlackRock,
said at a mutual fund conference
on Friday. He said managers were
having a hard time finding returns
that beat the market benchmark.
That it was Mr. Kraus who took
the fall for his industry’s troubles
was noteworthy.
More than most of his peers, Mr.
Kraus, a former top executive at
Goldman Sachs who had led Alli-
ance since 2008, had said loudly
and repeatedly that a rush of
money into exchange-traded
funds posed a danger to market
stability.
To counter this trend, Mr. Kraus
pushed for concentrated invest-
ment approaches, in which man-
agers focus on a small group of
companies that they strongly be-
lieve will perform well. His move
to adjust fees to performance was
also a bold move to address in-
vestor concerns regarding high-
cost funds.
But in a marketplace that had
become enamored with lower-
cost index options, his strategy
had not yet yielded significant
gains in money flowing into the
firm. Axa decided not to wait any
longer.
0N B5
Atlanta Firm
Lures Veteran
Deal Maker
Back to Law
By MICHAEL J. de la MERCED
Over his career, James C. Wool-
ery has ventured from the law to
investment banking and hedge
funds.
Now he is preparing to return to
life as a lawyer once more, at his
third law firm in six years.
Mr. Woolery announced on
Monday that he was joining King
& Spalding, a firm that aims to join
the top rungs of the legal industry.
There, he will serve as the head of
the firm’s mergers and corporate
governance practices, overseeing
both takeovers and defenses
against activist investors who
want to shake up companies.
“Given his background and ré-
sumé, his deal list and his experi-
ence, it’s a significant hire for the
firm,” Robert D. Hays, King &
Spalding’s chairman, said in a
telephone interview.
Mr. Woolery said he wanted to
help companies be more proactive
in warding off activist investors.
He will also help guide King &
Spalding’s network of lead board
directors, who take leadership
roles on boards, on discussions of
corporate governance practices.
“What we want to do is try to in-
novate around the whole spec-
trum of corporate governance, in-
cluding activism and shareholder
relations,” Mr. Woolery said.
“We’re going to bring not only a le-
gal but also an economic analysis
to the effort, as well as get beyond
the traditional confrontational ap-
proaches.”
Mr. Woolery first rose through
the deal industry at the white-
shoe law firm Cravath, Swaine &
Moore, where he made partner
and worked on big deals involving
the likes of Universal Health
Services and Air Products.
In 2011, he followed in the foot-
Offering advice on
how to repel activist
investors who want to
shake up companies.
steps of several former Cravath
partners and jumped over to in-
vestment banking, joining JPMor-
gan Chase as co-head of the bank’s
North American mergers prac-
tice.
Two years later, he returned to
the law, heading to the two-cen-
tury-old Cadwalader, Wicker-
sham & Taft as deputy chairman
and anointed successor to the
firm’s chairman.
Yet Mr. Woolery zagged again
in 2015, when he and a former JP-
Morgan colleague founded Hud-
son Executive Capital, an activist
hedge fund with a twist: It would
never wage a hostile fight against
a company, instead preferring to
press for change on friendly
terms. Mr. Woolery resigned from
Hudson Executive last autumn.
As Mr. Woolery weighed his op-
tions, King & Spalding began to
reach out. He knew of the firm, as
well as some of its partners. One,
William Calvin Smith III, was in
his undergraduate class at Wake
Forest University. For King &
Spalding, the chance to bring in a
well-known deal maker offered
the prospect of greater promi-
nence in one of the most profitable
legal practices around.
Long known as one of Atlanta’s
top firms, King & Spalding did not
make the top 20 of American legal
advisers on mergers, ranked ei-
ther by dollar volume of an-
nounced deals or by number of
transactions, according to data
from Bloomberg.
But it has been growing rapidly.
The firm now has 1,000 lawyers in
19 offices around the world, hav-
ing opened outposts from Silicon
Valley to Switzerland to Saudi
Arabia. Its net income has risen 60
percent over the last five years,
according to Mr. Hays, the chair-
man. Profits per partner now total
about $2.5 million, according to
the publication American Lawyer.
For Mr. Woolery, who focused
on building out Cravath’s business
development during his time
there, joining King & Spalding
means working to give the firm
more of the stature held by merg-
ers stalwarts like Cravath; Skad-
den, Arps, Slate, Meagher &
Flom; or Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen
& Katz.
“When you go to a business
that’s more mature, that has its
advantages and its disadvan-
tages,” Mr. Woolery said. “A pow-
erful brand is an important thing.”
Speaking of his new firm, he
said, “In legal circles, they’re
making up tremendous ground all
the time.”
B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Wall Street Shudders
While Trump Muses
From First Business Page
as Mr. Trump has pledged his
efforts should be viewed — it’s
hard to see how breaking up the
biggest banks would help, espe-
cially in the short term. Indeed, it
would most likely have the oppo-
site effect.
Mr. Trump’s chief complaint
about Wall Street is that he does-
n’t think lenders are extending
enough money. “I have so many
people, friends of mine, that had
nice businesses. They can’t bor-
row money,” he famously said.
“They just can’t get any money
because the banks just won’t let
them borrow, because of the
rules and regulations in Dodd-
Frank.”
Given that commercial lending
is at a record, according to the
Federal Reserve, that’s a hard
statement to square.
But let’s be generous and
assume for a moment that he is
right. What is undoubtedly true
is that big banks would probably
be even more conservative with
their loan books during whatever
transition would be required to
comply with a new version of
Glass-Steagall. Such a law would
Tech Rally Lifts Nasdaq to Record as Threat of U.S. Shutdown Wanes
By The Associated Press
The rally in big technology com-
panies like Apple helped lift the
tech-heavy Nasdaq to another
record on Monday. Investors were
also relieved that the threat of a
government shutdown appeared
to have been averted.
Investors bought stocks and
sold bonds and gold after Con-
gress agreed to a deal that would
keep the government operating
for the fiscal year. But the Dow
Jones industrial average, which
represents 30 stocks, lost 27.05
points, or 0.1 percent, to 20,913.46,
as Boeing and IBM lagged.
Technology companies have set
the pace all year and are up more
than twice as much as the rest of
the market. Apple and Facebook,
which will report first-quarter re-
sults in the next few days, helped
lead the way.
The VIX, an index that is seen
as a measure of the market’s anxi-
ety level, fell to 10.11, its lowest lev-
el since February 2007.
Technology companies and
banks have stood out in the first
quarter, said David Schiegoleit,
the head of investments at U.S.
Bank’s Private Client Reserve. He
inject as much uncertainty into
the economy as Dodd-Frank did
initially, when banks were sort-
ing out how they would comply.
The process did throw some big
banks’ lending into a state of
paralysis.
And while proponents of end-
ing too-big-to-fail love to point to
the repeal of Glass-Steagall as
the culprit, by now that meme
should have resolved itself.
“I don’t think that Glass-Stea-
gall was a cause of the crisis,”
Ben Bernanke, the former Fed-
eral Reserve chairman, who has
no horse in this race, told me
matter-of-factly.
Indeed, he said, he would be
worried if the law were brought
back, because it would hamstring
the government if it ever needed
to intervene in a crisis similar to
what happened in 2008. “If
Glass-Steagall had been in effect,
we couldn’t have had some of the
failing firms taken over,” Mr.
Bernanke said. “JPMorgan took
over Bear Stearns, and so on.”
On the other hand, Neel
Kashkari, the president of the
Minneapolis Federal Reserve
and a former Treasury staff
member who oversaw the
bailouts of the banks, has been
The Dow Minute by Minute
Position of the Dow Jones industrial average at 1-minute intervals on
Monday.
10 a.m. Noon
Source: Reuters | By The New York Times
said many types of technology
companies were doing well, espe-
cially ones that cater to con-
sumers, as economies outside the
United States improved.
“Emerging market economies
are starting to get better momen-
tum, and we’re also starting to see
some pretty decent activity out of
Europe,” Mr. Schiegoleit said. “All
the different major components of
the technology sector are posting
President Trump and Gary D. Cohn, his economic adviser, at a speech to bankers on Monday.
on a campaign to break up the
biggest banks, concerned that
they still pose too much of a risk
to taxpayers if they were to fail.
Mr. Trump’s comments came
on the same day that he and his
team spoke with about 100 com-
munity bankers led by Cam Fine,
president and chief executive of
the Independent Community
STOCKS & BONDS
20,980
20,960
20,940
Previous close
20,940.51 20,920
20,900
2 p.m. 4 p.m.
double-digit gains.”
The Standard & Poor’s 500-
stock index picked up 4.13 points,
or 0.2 percent, to 2,388.33.
The Nasdaq composite index
rose 44 points, or 0.7 percent, to
6,091.60, a record. The Russell
2000 index of small-company
stocks gained 6.93 points, or 0.5
percent, to 1,407.36.
Analysts expect first-quarter
earnings for technology compa-
Bankers of America. One issue
they discussed was the idea of a
two-tiered system of regulations,
one for big banks and another for
community banks. Whether that
construct is now being inter-
preted as a new version of Glass-
Steagall or a breakup of the
banks remains an open question.
But let’s be clear: If Mr. Trump
nies and banks to rise 19 percent
from a year earlier, S.&P. Global
Market Intelligence said. While
most banks have released their re-
sults, dozens of technology com-
panies have yet to report.
Apple climbed $2.95, or 2.1 per-
cent, to $146.60, and Facebook
added $2.21, or 1.5 percent, to
$152.46. Microsoft, which dis-
closed its earnings last week, rose
95 cents, or 1.4 percent, to $69.41.
The online retailer Ama-
zon.com stood out among con-
sumer companies, gaining $23.24,
or 2.5 percent, to $948.23.
Before dawn on Monday, Con-
gress unveiled a spending bill that
would fund most government op-
erations through September. The
House is scheduled to vote on the
bill Wednesday.
Reassured investors sold
bonds. The yield on the 10-year
Treasury note rose to 2.32 percent
from 2.29 percent. That sent inter-
est rates higher, which allows
banks to charge higher interest
rates on loans. Capital One Finan-
cial advanced $1.19, or 1.5 percent,
at $81.57, and Citizens Financial
rose 56 cents, or 1.5 percent, to
$37.13.
Investors also sold high-divi-
JONATHAN ERNST/REUTERS
were to try to bring back what he
described on the campaign trail
as Glass-Steagall, it wouldn’t be
to prevent the next crisis. He
would have to be convinced that
bringing back the law would
stoke the economy. And that’s an
even scarier prospect, because it
means firms like Morgan Stanley,
Goldman Sachs and Bank of
3-Month Treasury Bills
High rate at weekly auction.
0.9%
0.845%
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Jan. Feb. March April
Source: The Bond Buyer
THE NEW YORK TIMES
dend stocks, including utilities,
phone companies and makers of
household goods.
Industrial companies lagged
the rest of the market after the In-
stitute for Supply Management
reported that output by American
factories did not grow as much as
analysts had expected. The insti-
tute said new orders and hiring
grew more slowly in April.
The investment management
company AllianceBernstein fell
A two-tiered system
of regulation is
discussed.
America, which have been forced
to reduce the risk they take,
would ultimately be less regu-
lated.
There are a lot of good reasons
to reform Dodd-Frank. And there
are lots of good ways to make
regulations less onerous to the
nation’s smaller banks, which
complain they are drowning in
legal and compliance bills; giv-
ing them some relief could in-
deed open the loan spigot even
more. But both of those
measures would be very differ-
ent from bringing back Glass-
Steagall.
Whether Mr. Trump’s talk
translates into action on this
front remains to be seen. The
prevailing view seems to be: “Be
prepared for more headline risk
for big banks as lawmakers keep
piling on the anti-Wall Street
rhetoric — most of it will be
substantively meaningless,”
according to Ian Katz of Capital
Alpha, whose comments were
highlighted by Ben White of
Politico.
Of course, with President
Trump, the prevailing view could
change in an instant.
after it replaced Peter Kraus as
chairman and chief executive and
removed most of its directors. Mr.
Kraus had led the company since
2008.
The company named Robert B.
Zoellick, a former president of the
World Bank, as nonexecutive
chairman, and Seth Bernstein, a
longtime JPMorgan Chase execu-
tive, as chief executive, and re-
moved nine of the 11 members of
the board. It named six new direc-
tors. The stock lost 75 cents, or 3.3
percent, to $22.15.
Benchmark crude futures for
June fell 49 cents, or 1 percent, to
$48.84 a barrel in New York. Brent
crude, used to set international
prices, declined 53 cents, or 1 per-
cent, to $51.52 a barrel in London.
The price of gold for May fell
$12.80, to $1,253.30 an ounce.
The dollar rose to 111.77 yen from
111.46 yen. The euro advanced to
$1.0898 from $1.0892.
Many markets in Asia and Eu-
rope were closed for May Day. The
benchmark Nikkei 225 in Japan
was an exception, and it gained
0.6 percent. Stocks in Japan were
helped by a weaker yen and
strong readings in a manufactur-
ing survey.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N B7

MARKET GAUGES
S.&P.
500
U 2,388.33
+4.13
DOW
INDUSTRIALS
D 20,913.46
–27.05
NASDAQ
COMPOSITE
U 6,091.60
+44.00
10-YEAR
TREASURY YIELD U
2.32%
+0.03 OIL D
CRUDE $48.84
–$0.49
GOLD
(N.Y.)
D $1,253.30
–$12.80
THE
EURO
U $1.0898
+$0.0006

Standard & Poor’s 500-Stock Index 3-MONTH TREND Nasdaq Composite Index 3-MONTH TREND Dow Jones Industrial Average 3-MONTH TREND

6,400

2,500 +10% 6,200 +10% 22,000 +10%

6,000
2,400 + 5% + 5% 21,000 + 5%
5,800
2,300
0% 5,600 0% 20,000 0%

2,200 5,400
– 5% – 5% 19,000 – 5%

Feb. March Apr. Feb. March Apr. Feb. March Apr.

When the index follows a white line, it is changing at a constant pace; when it moves into a lighter band, the rate of change is faster.

STOCK MARKET INDEXES MOST ACTIVE, GAINERS AND LOSERS

% 52-Wk YTD % 52-Wk YTD % Volume % Volume % Volume
Index Close Chg Chg % Chg % Chg Index Close Chg Chg % Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100) Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100) Stock (TICKER) Close Chg Chg (100)

DOW JONES NASDAQ 20 MOST ACTIVE 20 TOP GAINERS 20 TOP LOSERS

Industrials 20913.46 ◊ 27.05 ◊ 0.13 + 17.67 + 5.82 Nasdaq 100 5629.63 + 46.10 + 0.83 + 29.68 + 15.75 Bank of Ameri (BAC) 23.61 +0.27 +1.2 722600 Aviat Networ (AVNW) 19.56 +2.87 +17.2 1016 Neurotrope (NTRP) 6.97 ◊11.84 ◊62.9 35531
Transportation 9070.15 ◊ 27.48 ◊ 0.30 + 15.23 + 0.29 Composite 6091.60 + 44.00 + 0.73 + 27.56 + 13.16 AMD (AMD) 13.62 +0.32 +2.4 627423 Costamare (CMRE) 7.68 +0.94 +13.9 26888 Bonanz Creek (BCEI) 39.20 +38.70 +7662.4 6446
Utilities 699.58 ◊ 4.77 ◊ 0.68 + 6.90 + 6.06 Industrials 5002.35 + 20.93 + 0.42 + 22.06 + 12.54 Twitter (TWTR) 17.54 +1.06 +6.4 473634 Strattec Sec (STRT) 35.85 +3.70 +11.5 512 ITI (ITCI) 10.49 ◊3.33 ◊24.1 147419
Banks 3732.54 + 36.24 + 0.98 + 32.85 ◊ 3.11 Spirit Realty (SRC) 9.15 ◊0.27 ◊2.9 429285 Tocagen (TOCA) 15.47 +1.49 +10.7 2735 Wesco Air Hl (WAIR) 9.95 ◊2.20 ◊18.1 28369
Composite 7198.05 ◊ 19.22 ◊ 0.27 + 15.11 + 4.28
Weatherford (WFT) 5.47 ◊0.30 ◊5.2 343226 Qualstar (QBAK) 7.84 +0.75 +10.6 1210 Apollo (APEN) 8.12 ◊1.08 ◊11.7 121
Insurance 8385.49 ◊ 6.93 ◊ 0.08 + 14.74 + 0.38 12.85
Apple (AAPL) 146.58 +2.93 +2.0 334840 Manhattn Bri (LOAN) 5.75 +0.55 +10.6 763 8x8 (EGHT) ◊1.70 ◊11.7 25621
STANDARD AND POOR’S Other Finance 6839.86 + 33.25 + 0.49 + 23.13 + 5.75 Ford Motor (F) 11.42 ◊0.05 ◊0.4 321088 Polar Power (POLA) 5.85 +0.52 +9.8 3162 Broadwind En (BWEN) 8.13 ◊1.06 ◊11.5 6751
100 Stocks 1057.31 + 2.45 + 0.23 + 15.55 + 6.64 Telecommunications 315.11 + 0.56 + 0.18 + 23.36 + 9.31 Microsoft (MSFT) 69.41 +0.95 +1.4 319001 US Ecology (ECOL) 51.75 +4.60 +9.8 1707 Beasley Broa (BBGI) 11.65 ◊1.50 ◊11.4 1398
500 Stocks 2388.33 + 4.13 + 0.17 + 15.64 + 6.68 Computer 3434.97 + 39.17 + 1.15 + 39.41 + 17.40 U. S. Steel (X) 21.94 ◊0.38 ◊1.7 298943 Cohu (COHU) 20.41 +1.68 +9.0 4497 Radius Healt (RDUS) 35.31 ◊3.76 ◊9.6 38403
Mid-Cap 400 1737.37 + 4.61 + 0.27 + 18.86 + 4.62 Facebook (FB) 152.46 +2.21 +1.5 251652 NL Industries (NL) 8.75 +0.65 +8.0 612 Asta Fund (ASFI) 7.60 ◊0.80 ◊9.5 679
Small-Cap 600 855.02 + 3.66 + 0.43 + 23.10 + 2.04 OTHER INDEXES Intel (INTC) 36.31 +0.16 +0.4 247633 Calithera (CALA) 11.70 +0.85 +7.8 3787 Revolution L (RVLT) 8.02 ◊0.83 ◊9.4 1509
American Exch 2517.76 ◊ 11.60 ◊ 0.46 + 6.75 + 9.09 AT&T (T) 39.10 ◊0.53 ◊1.3 244576 Alder (ALDR) 21.60 +1.55 +7.7 8103 LSB Industrie (LXU) 10.03 ◊0.99 ◊9.0 11066
NEW YORK Wilshire 5000 24929.76 + 51.28 + 0.21 + 16.62 + 6.42 GE (GE) 28.94 ◊0.05 ◊0.2 240124 BioCryst Pha (BCRX) 6.83 +0.49 +7.7 16089 BroadSoft (BSFT) 35.20 ◊3.20 ◊8.3 21122
Micron Tech (MU) 28.29 +0.62 +2.2 238694 Editas Medic (EDIT) 20.27 +1.42 +7.5 5558 Noodles (NDLS) 5.40 ◊0.45 ◊7.7 2450
STOCK EXCHANGE Value Line Arith 5517.68 + 4.00 + 0.07 + 19.04 + 4.86
Synchrony Fin (SYF) 27.94 +0.14 +0.5 229716 Ultra Clean (UCTT) 20.63 +1.39 +7.2 22218 PDF Solution (PDFS) 17.58 ◊1.44 ◊7.6 4603
NYSE Comp. 11536.49 + 0.41 0.00 + 10.54 + 4.34 Russell 2000 1407.36 + 6.93 + 0.50 + 24.45 + 3.70 Pfizer (PFE) 33.78 ◊0.14 ◊0.4 226842 Brooks Aut (BRKS) 27.07 +1.81 +7.2 12827 Synchronoss (SNCR) 14.83 ◊1.17 ◊7.3 45354
Tech/Media/Telecom 8158.08 ◊ 11.09 ◊ 0.14 + 8.67 + 4.88 Phila Gold & Silver 80.77 ◊ 2.33 ◊ 2.80 ◊ 13.01 + 2.42 Swestn Energy (SWN) 7.53 +0.02 +0.3 200146 Willdan Grou (WLDN) 30.31 +1.94 +6.8 1441 Aegion (AEGN) 21.30 ◊1.52 ◊6.7 2890
Energy 10497.38 ◊ 24.36 ◊ 0.23 ◊ 0.99 ◊ 8.75 Phila Semiconductor 1015.43 + 9.90 + 0.98 + 57.35 + 12.02 AK Steel Hold (AKS) 6.23 ◊0.11 ◊1.7 177549 Ensign Group (ENSG) 19.17 +1.22 +6.8 12295 Richmont Mine (RIC) 7.10 ◊0.50 ◊6.6 7986
Financial 7242.30 + 34.17 + 0.47 + 18.32 + 4.03 KBW Bank 92.08 + 0.84 + 0.92 + 33.28 + 0.32 Chesapeake En (CHK) 5.31 +0.05 +1.0 177555 FFN (FSB) 43.30 +2.75 +6.8 1679 AC Immune (ACIU) 8.93 ◊0.62 ◊6.5 1463
Healthcare 13018.58 + 17.88 + 0.14 + 6.59 + 9.33 Phila Oil Service 150.78 ◊ 2.64 ◊ 1.72 ◊ 16.38 ◊ 17.96 Cliffs Natura (CLF) 6.60 ◊0.12 ◊1.8 176819 Intersection (INTX) 5.21 +0.33 +6.8 802 Milacron Hld (MCRN) 17.60 ◊1.22 ◊6.5 4958

S&P 100 STOCKS

52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD 52-Week Price Range 1-Day 1-Yr YTD
Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg Stock (TICKER) Low Close (•) High Close Chg %Chg % Chg
Apple (AAPL) 89.47 147.20 146.58 + 2.93 + 56.37 + 26.6 CVS Health (CVS) 69.30 106.67 81.96 ◊ 0.48 ◊ 18.45 + 3.9 Johnson&Jo (JNJ) 109.32 129.00 123.34 ◊ 0.13 + 10.05 + 7.1 Procter Ga (PG) 79.37 92.00 87.09 ◊ 0.24 + 8.70 + 3.6
AbbVie (ABBV) 55.06 68.12 66.48 + 0.54 + 8.98 + 6.2 Chevron (CVX) 97.53 119.00 105.92 ◊ 0.78 + 3.66 ◊ 10.0 JPMorgan (JPM) 57.05 93.98 87.06 + 0.06 + 37.75 + 0.9 PMI (PM) 86.78 115.63 110.55 ◊ 0.29 + 12.67 + 20.8
Abbott (ABT) 36.76 45.84 43.48 ◊ 0.16 + 11.77 + 13.2 Du Pont (DD) 61.12 82.37 79.49 ◊ 0.26 + 20.60 + 8.3 Kinder Mor (KMI) 16.63 23.36 20.54 ◊ 0.09 + 15.65 ◊ 0.8 PayPal Hld (PYPL) 34.00 48.10 47.54 ◊ 0.18 + 21.34 + 20.5
Accenture (ACN) 108.66 126.53 121.25 ◊ 0.05 + 7.38 + 3.5 Danaher (DHR) 75.71 102.79 83.13 ◊ 0.20 + 13.37 + 6.8 Kraft Hein (KHC) 77.13 97.77 89.47 ◊ 0.92 + 14.60 + 2.5 Qualcomm (QCOM) 50.11 71.62 53.60 ◊ 0.14 + 6.10 ◊ 17.8
Allergan (AGN) 184.50 261.27 245.23 + 1.37 + 13.24 + 16.8 Walt Disne (DIS) 90.32 116.10 114.73 ◊ 0.87 + 11.11 + 10.1 Coca-Cola (KO) 39.88 46.01 43.22 + 0.07 ◊ 3.53 + 4.3 Raytheon (RTN) 124.98 158.87 154.08 ◊ 1.13 + 21.95 + 8.5
AIG (AIG) 48.41 67.47 61.61 + 0.70 + 10.37 ◊ 5.7 Dow (DOW) 47.51 65.42 62.52 ◊ 0.28 + 18.84 + 9.3 Lilly (LLY) 64.18 86.72 81.82 ◊ 0.24 + 8.33 + 11.2 Starbucks (SBUX) 50.84 61.94 60.18 + 0.12 + 7.02 + 8.4
Allstate (ALL) 64.36 83.09 81.50 + 0.21 + 25.29 + 10.0 Duke Energ (DUK) 72.34 87.75 82.07 ◊ 0.43 + 4.18 + 5.7 Lockheed (LMT) 228.50 276.64 268.43 ◊ 1.02 + 15.51 + 7.4 Schlumberg (SLB) 72.00 87.84 72.30 ◊ 0.29 ◊ 10.01 ◊ 13.9
Amgen (AMGN) 133.64 184.21 162.60 ◊ 0.72 + 2.72 + 11.2 Emerson El (EMR) 48.45 64.36 60.37 + 0.09 + 10.51 + 8.3 Lowes (LOW) 64.87 85.76 84.40 ◊ 0.48 + 11.02 + 18.7 Southern C (SO) 46.20 54.64 49.59 ◊ 0.21 ◊ 1.02 + 0.8
Amazon.com (AMZN) 654.00 954.40 948.23 + 23.24 + 43.76 + 26.5 Exelon (EXC) 29.82 37.70 34.33 ◊ 0.30 ◊ 2.17 ◊ 3.3 Mastercard (MA) 86.65 117.37 116.37 + 0.05 + 19.98 + 12.7 Simon Prop (SPG) 163.55 229.10 168.61 + 3.35 ◊ 16.19 ◊ 5.1
American E (AXP) 57.15 82.00 79.23 ◊ 0.02 + 21.09 + 7.0 Ford Motor (F) 11.07 14.04 11.42 ◊ 0.05 ◊ 15.78 ◊ 5.9 McDonalds (MCD) 110.33 142.79 141.15 + 1.22 + 11.59 + 16.0 AT&T (T) 36.10 43.89 39.10 ◊ 0.53 + 0.72 ◊ 8.1
Boeing (BA) 122.35 185.71 182.39 ◊ 2.44 + 35.30 + 17.2 Facebook (FB) 108.23 152.57 152.46 + 2.21 + 29.66 + 32.5 Mondelez I (MDLZ) 40.50 46.40 44.06 ◊ 0.97 + 2.56 ◊ 0.6 Target (TGT) 52.72 80.68 55.77 ◊ 0.08 ◊ 29.85 ◊ 22.8
Bank of Am (BAC) 12.05 25.80 23.61 + 0.27 + 62.16 + 6.8 FedEx (FDX) 145.00 201.57 188.23 ◊ 1.47 + 14.00 + 1.1 Medtronic (MDT) 69.35 89.27 83.74 + 0.65 + 5.80 + 17.6 Time Warne (TWX) 68.97 100.60 99.06 ◊ 0.21 + 31.83 + 2.6
Biogen (BIIB) 223.02 333.65 271.03 ◊ 0.18 + 7.00 + 3.8 Fox (FOX) 23.88 31.94 29.69 ◊ 0.17 ◊ 1.43 + 9.0 MetLife (MET) 36.17 58.09 51.97 + 0.16 + 15.23 ◊ 3.6 Texas Inst (TXN) 56.19 82.92 79.29 + 0.11 + 39.01 + 8.7
BONY Mello (BK) 35.72 49.54 47.18 + 0.12 + 17.25 ◊ 0.4 Fox (FOXA) 23.33 32.60 30.39 ◊ 0.15 + 0.43 + 8.4 3M (MMM) 163.17 197.12 194.81 ◊ 1.02 + 16.39 + 9.1 UnitedHeal (UNH) 128.53 176.14 174.59 ◊ 0.29 + 32.59 + 9.1
BlackRock (BLK) 317.60 399.46 383.00 ◊ 1.57 + 7.48 + 0.7 General Dy (GD) 132.68 196.97 193.15 ◊ 0.64 + 37.45 + 11.9 Altria Gro (MO) 60.82 76.55 70.80 ◊ 0.98 + 12.90 + 4.7 Union Paci (UNP) 80.68 115.15 111.60 ◊ 0.36 + 27.94 + 7.6
Bristol-My (BMY) 46.01 77.12 56.31 + 0.26 ◊ 21.99 ◊ 3.6 GE (GE) 28.19 33.00 28.94 ◊ 0.05 ◊ 5.89 ◊ 8.4 Monsanto (MON) 88.76 117.33 116.87 + 0.26 + 24.75 + 11.1 United Par (UPS) 100.05 120.44 106.54 ◊ 0.92 + 1.40 ◊ 7.1
Berkshire (BRKb) 136.65 177.86 165.44 + 0.23 + 13.72 + 1.5 Gilead Sci (GILD) 65.38 92.53 68.11 ◊ 0.44 ◊ 22.79 ◊ 4.9 Merck & Co (MRK) 53.06 66.80 62.38 + 0.05 + 13.75 + 6.0 US Bancorp (USB) 38.48 56.61 51.70 + 0.42 + 21.11 + 0.6
Citigroup (C) 38.31 62.53 59.46 + 0.34 + 28.48 + 0.1 GM (GM) 27.34 38.55 34.20 ◊ 0.44 + 7.55 ◊ 1.8 Morgan Sta (MS) 23.11 47.33 43.74 + 0.37 + 61.64 + 3.5 UTC (UTX) 96.89 119.70 118.92 ◊ 0.07 + 13.94 + 8.5
Caterpilla (CAT) 69.04 105.98 102.00 ◊ 0.26 + 31.24 + 10.0 Alphabet (GOOG) 663.28 916.85 912.57 + 6.61 N.A. N.A. Microsoft (MSFT) 48.04 69.55 69.41 + 0.95 + 39.18 + 11.7 Visa (V) 73.25 92.80 91.26 + 0.04 + 18.15 + 17.0
Celgene (CELG) 94.42 127.64 124.06 + 0.01 + 19.97 + 7.2 Alphabet (GOOGL) 672.66 935.90 932.82 + 8.30 + 31.78 + 17.7 NextEra (NEE) 110.49 134.33 133.04 ◊ 0.52 + 13.15 + 11.4 Verizon (VZ) 45.88 56.95 45.88 ◊ 0.03 ◊ 9.93 ◊ 14.1
Colgate (CL) 63.43 75.38 71.80 ◊ 0.24 + 1.24 + 9.7 Goldman Sa (GS) 138.20 255.15 224.85 + 1.05 + 37.01 ◊ 6.1 Nike (NKE) 49.01 60.33 54.99 ◊ 0.42 ◊ 6.70 + 8.2 Walgreens (WBA) 75.74 88.00 86.46 ◊ 0.08 + 9.06 + 4.5
Comcast (CMCSA) 29.81 40.62 39.19 0.00 + 29.00 + 13.5 Halliburto (HAL) 38.24 58.78 45.77 ◊ 0.11 + 10.80 ◊ 15.4 Oracle (ORCL) 37.62 46.99 45.05 + 0.09 + 13.02 + 17.2 WalMart (WMT) 62.72 75.77 75.23 + 0.05 + 12.50 + 8.8
Capital On (COF) 58.03 96.92 81.57 + 1.19 + 12.68 ◊ 6.5 Home Depot (HD) 119.20 156.27 154.21 ◊ 1.89 + 15.18 + 15.0 Occidental (OXY) 60.50 78.48 60.82 ◊ 0.72 ◊ 20.65 ◊ 14.6 Wells Farg (WFC) 43.55 59.99 54.46 + 0.62 + 8.96 ◊ 1.2
ConocoPhil (COP) 38.80 53.17 47.48 ◊ 0.43 ◊ 0.65 ◊ 5.3 Honeywell (HON) 105.25 135.00 130.90 ◊ 0.24 + 15.21 + 13.0 Priceline (PCLN) 1148 1891 1870 + 23.10 + 39.17 + 27.6 Exxon Mobi (XOM) 80.30 95.55 82.06 + 0.41 ◊ 7.17 ◊ 9.1
Costco Who (COST) 138.57 178.71 177.86 + 0.34 + 20.07 + 11.1 IBM (IBM) 142.50 182.79 158.84 ◊ 1.45 + 8.84 ◊ 4.3 PepsiCo (PEP) 98.50 114.61 112.28 ◊ 1.00 + 9.05 + 7.3
Cisco Syst (CSCO) 25.81 34.53 33.97 ◊ 0.10 + 23.57 + 12.4 Intel (INTC) 29.50 38.45 36.31 + 0.16 + 19.91 + 0.1 Pfizer (PFE) 29.83 37.39 33.78 ◊ 0.14 + 3.27 + 4.0

Prices shown are for regular trading for the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange which runs from 9:30 a.m., Eastern time, through the close of the Pacific Exchange, at 4:30 p.m. For the Nasdaq stock market, it is through 4 p.m. Close Last trade of the day in regular trading. + – indicates stocks
· or ·
that reached a new 52-week high or low. Change Difference between last trade and previous day’s price in regular trading. „ or ‰ indicates stocks that rose or fell at least 4 percent. ” indicates stocks that traded 1 percent or more of their outstanding shares. n Stock was a new issue in the last year.

FINRA TRACE CORPORATE BOND DATA GOVERNMENT BONDS

Yields 52-Week Total Returns Market Breadth Yield Curve Key Rates Most Recent Issues
FINRA-BLOOMBERG FINRA-BLOOMBERG All Investment High Yest. 1-mo. ago 1-yr. ago 10-year Treas. Prime Rate
CORPORATE BOND INDEXES CORPORATE BOND INDEXES Issues Grade Yield Conv 2-year Treas. Fed Funds Mat. Date Rate Bid Ask Chg Yield
4% 5%
8% high yield +5.62% +15% high yield +13.59% Total Issues Traded 7,065 5,151 1,737 177 T-BILLS
Advances 2,760 1,892 768 100
3 4 3-mo. Jul 17 ◊ ◊ 0.81 0.80 +0.01 0.80
Declines 3,958 3,097 789 72 6-mo. Oct 17 ◊ ◊ 0.98 0.97 –.00 0.98
Unchanged 123 43 76 4
6 +10 52 Week High 186 45 117 24 3 BONDS & NOTES
52 Week Low 93 72 19 2 2 2-yr. Apr 19 1ü ◊ 99.95 99.95 –0.02 1.27
Dollar Volume* 16,705 11,922 4,367 415 5-yr. Apr 22 1~ ◊ 100.15 100.16 –0.12 1.82
2 10-yr. Feb 27 2ü ◊ 99.38 99.39 –0.28 2.29
4 + 5 End of day data. Activity as reported to FINRA TRACE. 30-yr. Feb 47 3.000 ◊ 99.92 99.94 –0.91 2.96
Market breadth represents activity in all TRACE eligible 1 1
publicly traded securities. Shown below are the most TREASURY INFLATION BONDS
active fixed-coupon bonds ranked by par value traded.
5-yr. Apr 22 [ ◊ 100.43 100.53 –0.13 0.01
2 0 Investment grade or high-yield is determined using 0 Maturity 0 10-yr. Jan 27 ] ◊ 99.74 99.86 –0.30 0.37
credit ratings as outlined in FINRA rules. “C” – Yield is
unavailable because of issue’s call criteria. 20-yr. Jan 29 2ø ◊ 122.33 122.59 –0.43 0.50
*Par value in millions.
3 6 2 5 10 30 2016 2017 30-yr. Feb 47 ~ ◊ 97.81 98.08 –1.14 0.92
0 invest. grade +3.63% – 5 invest. grade +2.10% Source: FINRA TRACE data. Reference information from Source: Thomson Reuters
Reuters DataScope Data. Credit ratings from Moody’s® &
Months Years Source: Thomson Reuters
2016 2017 2016 2017 Standard & Poor’s.

Some data may contain previous close.

FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Most Active Foreign Currency Dollars in Foreign Currency Dollars in
Credit Rating Price
Issuer Name (SYMBOL) Coupon% Maturity Moody’s S&P High Low Last Chg Yld% in Dollars Foreign Currency in Dollars Foreign Currency

AMERICAS ASIA/PACIFIC
INVESTMENT GRADE
Argentina (Peso) .0650 15.3800 One Dollar in Euros Australia (Dollar) .7523 1.3293
One Dollar in Yen
Ford Mtr Cr Co Llc (F.AC) 5.000 May’18 Baa2 BBB 103.659 102.731 103.192 –0.108 1.858 Bolivia (Boliviano) .1451 6.8900 1.00 euros $1 = 0.9176 China (Yuan) .1451 6.8900 120 yen $1 = 111.83
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) 5.250 Mar’37 Baa1 BBB+ 105.788 103.452 103.850 –0.001 4.943 Brazil (Real) .3149 3.1755 Hong Kong (Dollar) .1286 7.7785
Telefonica Emisiones S A U (TEF) 3.192 Apr’18 Baa3 BBB 101.376 101.240 101.265 –0.017 1.884 Canada (Dollar) .7310 1.3680 India (Rupee) .0156 64.2400
Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMX) 6.750 Sep’47 Baa3 BBB+ 103.779 101.250 101.250 –0.990 6.653 Chile (Peso) .0015 665.25 0.95 Japan (Yen) .0089 111.83
115
Honeywell Intl Inc (HON) 2.500 Nov’26 A2 A 95.765 95.281 95.433 –0.358 3.058 Colombia (Peso) .0003 2940.0 Malaysia (Ringgit) .2305 4.3390
Verizon Communications Inc (VZ) 5.012 Aug’54 Baa1 BBB+ 99.391 96.226 96.416 –0.606 5.231 Dom. Rep. (Peso) .0213 47.0300 110
New Zealand (Dollar) .6904 1.4484
21st Centy Fox Amer Inc (NWS) 4.750 Sep’44 Baa1 BBB+ 101.705 100.967 100.967 –1.609 4.686
At&t Inc (T) 3.400 May’25 Baa1 BBB+ 99.751 96.800 98.598 0.956 3.602
El Salvador (Colon) .1147 8.7220 0.90 Pakistan (Rupee) .0096 104.60
Guatemala (Quetzal) .1363 7.3390 Philippines (Peso) .0200 50.1250 105
Southern California Gas Co (SRE) 3.150 Sep’24 Aa2 A+ 102.601 102.451 102.601 0.030 2.745
Honduras (Lempira) .0427 23.4360 Singapore (Dollar) .7161 1.3965
Citigroup Inc (C) 2.750 Apr’22 NR BBB+ 100.515 99.515 99.668 –0.078 2.822
Mexico (Peso) .0534 18.7366 0.85 So. Korea (Won) .0009 1136.6
100
Nicaragua (Cordoba) .0343 29.1900 Taiwan (Dollar) .0331 30.1950
HIGH YIELD Paraguay (Guarani) .0002 5565.0 Thailand (Baht) .0289 34.5900
Scientific Games Intl Inc (SGMS) 10.000 Dec’22 Caa1 B– 109.500 107.000 107.000 –1.850 7.718 Peru (New Sol) .3084 3.2425 0.80 Vietnam (Dong) .00004 22700 95
Harrahs Oper Inc (CZR) 10.000 Dec’18 NR D 88.500 87.250 88.125 1.125 N.A. Uruguay (New Peso) .0356 28.1000
Sabine Pass Liquefaction Llc (LNG) 6.250 Mar’22 Ba1 BBB– 112.253 112.162 112.212 0.036 3.370 Venezuela (Bolivar) .1003 9.9750 2016 2017 2016 2017
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA
Equinix Inc (EQIX) 5.375 May’27 B1 BB+ 104.875 104.578 104.750 0.081 4.659 Bahrain (Dinar) 2.6578 .3762
Sabine Pass Liquefaction Llc (LNG) 5.750 May’24 Ba1 BBB– 110.877 110.535 110.632 0.092 3.948 EUROPE Lebanon (Pound) .0007 1506.7
Norway (Krone) .1164 8.5924 Egypt (Pound) .0553 18.0900
Tenet Healthcare Corp (THC) 8.125 Apr’22 Caa1 CCC+ 102.350 101.402 102.250 0.500 7.565 Britain (Pound) 1.2885 .7761 Saudi Arabia (Riyal) .2667 3.7500
Poland (Zloty) .2580 3.8755 Iran (Rial) .00003 32441
Tenet Healthcare Corp (THC) 6.750 Jun’23 Caa1 CCC+ 99.063 95.750 99.000 3.250 6.951 So. Africa (Rand) .0746 13.4062
Czech Rep (Koruna) .0406 24.6260 Russia (Ruble) .0176 56.9596 Israel (Shekel) .2769 3.6120
Chs / Cmnty Health Sys Inc (CYH) 6.875 Feb’22 Caa1 CCC+ 88.000 82.090 86.250 3.250 10.636 U.A.E (Dirham) .2723 3.6727
Denmark (Krone) .1466 6.8222 Sweden (Krona) .1130 8.8468 Jordan (Dinar) 1.4092 .7096
Frontier Communications Corp (FTR) 11.000 Sep’25 B1 B+ 99.000 96.235 96.700 –2.050 11.622
Europe (Euro) 1.0898 .9176 Switzerland (Franc) 1.0039 .9961 Kenya (Shilling) .0097 103.10
Harrahs Oper Inc (CZR) 11.250 Jun’17 NR D 120.000 119.625 120.000 0.500 N.A. Prices as of 4:45 p.m. Eastern Time.
Hungary (Forint) .0035 285.97 Turkey (Lira) .2814 3.5531 Kuwait (Dinar) 3.2884 .3041
Source: Thomson Reuters
CONVERTIBLES
Tesla Inc (TSLA) 0.250 Mar’19 NR B– 106.767 105.735 106.767 2.967 –3.316
Tesla Inc (TSLA) 1.250 Mar’21 NR B– 106.921 103.034 106.179 3.179 –0.353
Liberty Media Corp (LINT)
Tesla Inc (TSLA)
3.500
2.375
Jan’31
Mar’22
B2
NR
BB
B–
54.188
115.230
54.125
113.650
54.188
115.180
0.125
3.886
3.672
–0.688
FUTURES
Blackstone Mtg Tr Inc (BXMT) 5.250 Dec’18 NR NR 114.125 113.667 113.938 0.063 –3.297 Monetary
Microchip Technology Inc (MCHP) 1.625 Feb’25 NR B+ 151.585 145.650 148.250 –0.438 –3.675 units per Lifetime Open Crude Oil
Future Exchange quantity High Low Date Open High Low Settle Change Interest $60 $48.84 a barrel
Weatherford Intl Ltd (WFT) 5.875 Jul’21 NR B 119.000 116.000 116.125 –3.471 1.829
Ctrip Com Intl Ltd (CTRP) 1.250 Oct’18 NR NR 137.325 135.634 137.325 4.115 –19.744 Corn CBT ¢/bushel 460.00 332.50 May 17 363.00 370.50 361.75 369.25 + 11.25 9,959
Whiting Pete Corp (WLL) 1.250 Apr’20 B3 BB– 90.525 88.375 90.525 0.000 4.778 Soybeans CBT ¢/bushel 1116.00 872.00 May 17 950.00 963.00 950.00 959.00 + 13.75 6,823
Biomarin Pharmaceutical Inc (BMRN) 1.500 Oct’20 NR NR 125.716 125.576 125.716 1.082 –5.212 Wheat CBT ¢/bushel 646.75 398.50 May 17 423.75 442.25 423.75 442.75 + 24.25 1,985 55
Live Cattle CME ¢/lb 125.33 91.30 Jun 17 124.63 125.33 123.65 124.13 + 0.10 179,345
Hogs-Lean CME ¢/lb 76.53 62.50 May 17 67.00 67.38 66.03 66.13 ◊ 0.85 2,069
Cocoa NYBOT $/ton 3326.00 1805.00 May 17 1836.00 1866.00 1836.00 1812.00 ◊ 32.00 38 50
Coffee NYBOT ¢/lb 228.00 123.20 May 17 134.65 135.00 134.65 133.60 + 2.55 71
Sugar-World NYBOT ¢/lb 22.09 12.07 Jun 17 16.20 16.41 15.93 16.18 + 0.05 379,329
CONSUMER RATES ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Yesterday Change from last week
Gold COMX $/oz 1295.30 1197.20 May 17 1268.70 1269.30 1254.00 1253.30 ◊ 12.80 435 45
Silver COMX $/oz 20.95 14.35 May 17 17.18 17.22 16.76 16.78 ◊ 0.41 2,038
Hi Grade Copper COMX $/lb 2.84 1.97 May 17 2.59 2.68 2.59 2.65 + 0.05 5,824
Up Flat Down
1-year range
Light Sweet Crude NYMX $/bbl 93.23 36.18 Jun 17 49.17 49.32 48.59 48.84 ◊ 0.49 572,455 40
Heating Oil NYMX $/gal 2.67 1.11 May 17 1.51 1.51 1.48 1.49 ◊ 0.02 129,175
Natural Gas NYMX $/mil.btu 6.10 2.37 May 17 3.25 3.31 3.20 3.22 ◊ 0.06 272,355 2016 2017
Home Year
Mortgages Monday
Friday Ago 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5-YEAR HISTORY Key to exchanges: CBT-Chicago Board of Trade. CME-Chicago Mercantile Exchange. CMX-Comex division of NYM. KC-Kansas City Board of Trade. NYBOT-New York Board of
Trade. NYM-New York Mercantile Exchange. Open interest is the number of contracts outstanding.
Federal funds 0.83% 0.30% Source: Thomson Reuters
Real Economic Growth +6%
Prime rate 4.00 3.50 Change from previous quarter,
15-yr fixed 3.10 2.76 annualized; seasonally adj.
MUTUAL FUNDS SPOTLIGHT: WORLD STOCKS
15-yr fixed jumbo 4.07 3.69 1st quarter ’17 +0.7% –2
4th quarter ’16 +2.1 ’12 ’17 % Total Returns Exp. Assets % Total Returns Exp. Assets
30-yr fixed 3.90 3.63 Fund Name (TICKER) Type YTD 1 Yr 5 Yr* Ratio (mil.$)
Fund Name (TICKER) Type YTD 1 Yr 5 Yr* Ratio (mil.$)
30-yr fixed jumbo 4.40 4.05 LARGEST FUNDS LEADERS
5/1 adj. rate 3.17 2.97
Consumer Price Index +3%
Vanguard Total Intl Stock Index Inv(VGTSX) FB +11.0 +13.8 +5.6 0.18 100,653 Oppenheimer Global Opportunities A(OPGIX) SW +20.8 +34.1 +14.8 1.18 2,746
Change from American Funds Capital Income Bldr A(CAIBX) IH +5.4 +7.5 +7.1 0.60 70,076 Evermore Global Value Institutional(EVGIX) SW +8.9 +31.2 +12.0 1.24 375
5/1 adj. rate jumbo 3.62 3.13 previous year Dodge & Cox International Stock(DODFX) FB +12.5 +22.2 +8.5 0.64 58,608 Dodge & Cox Global Stock(DODWX) WS +9.8 +25.7 +12.8 0.63 7,758
American Funds Capital World Gr&Inc A(CWGIX) WS +9.6 +14.7 +9.8 0.79 52,695 T. Rowe Price Global Stock(PRGSX) WS +14.8 +23.7 +13.5 0.89 621
1-year adj. rate 3.14 2.79 March ’17 +2.4% American Funds New Perspective A(ANWPX) WS +13.0 +16.9 +11.0 0.77 37,284 Dodge & Cox International Stock(DODFX) FB +12.5 +22.2 +8.5 0.64 58,608
–1
Harbor International Institutional(HAINX) FB +12.4 +9.8 +4.7 0.77 31,050 Voya Russia A(LETRX) MQ ◊0.5 +22.2 ◊2.0 2.00 81
Feb. ’17 +2.7 ’12 ’17 American Funds Europacific Growth A(AEPGX) FG +12.9 +14.9 +7.1 0.86 25,677 Hartford International Value Y(HILYX) FV +9.1 +22.1 +11.0 0.89 488
Home Equity 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 American Funds SMALLCAP World A(SMCWX) SW +11.6 +19.4 +10.7 1.10 19,365 Oppenheimer Global Y(OGLYX) WS +15.8 +22.1 +11.5 0.90 1,214
Vanguard International Growth Adm(VWILX) FG +17.9 +20.2 +8.0 0.33 17,756 MassMutual Premier Global R5(MGFSX) WS +15.7 +21.8 +11.2 0.95 109
$75K line good credit* 4.88% 4.39%
Retail Sales +6% Old Westbury Large Cap Strategies(OWLSX) WS +8.0 +12.3 +9.1 1.11 15,732 Third Avenue International Value Instl(TAVIX) FA +10.0 +21.3 +5.0 1.40 130
$75K line excel. credit* 4.63 4.25 First Eagle Global A(SGENX) IH +5.5 +9.1 +7.6 1.10 14,976 Longleaf Partners International(LLINX) FB +13.8 +21.0 +7.8 1.33 1,076
Change from T. Rowe Price International Stock(PRITX) FG +13.9 +15.3 +6.7 0.84 13,296 Wells Fargo Global Small Cap A(EKGAX) SW +7.2 +20.9 +11.1 1.55 140
$75K loan good credit* 4.26 4.19 previous year Oppenheimer International Growth Y(OIGYX) FG +12.7 +8.6 +7.5 0.89 11,947
LAGGARDS
T. Rowe Price International Value Eq(TRIGX) FV +10.2 +10.6 +5.7 0.85 11,756
$75K loan excel. credit* 4.25 4.17 March ’17 +4.6% 0 T. Rowe Price Overseas Stock(TROSX) FB +11.5 +14.7 +6.9 0.84 11,031 Hussman Strategic Total Return(HSTRX) TV +1.0 ◊1.7 +0.7 0.71 393
Vanguard Developed Markets Index Admir(VTMGX) FB +10.6 +12.9 +7.2 0.07 11,021 Voya Global Real Estate A(IGLAX) GR +2.3 ◊0.9 +5.3 1.30 331
Feb. ’17 +4.7 ’12 ’17 Templeton Growth A(TEPLX) WS +7.1 +15.4 +9.2 1.07 10,816 EuroPac International Value A(EPIVX) FV +7.2 ◊0.6 ◊3.2 1.75 61
Auto Loan Rates 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fidelity Diversified International(FDIVX) FG +12.6 +11.0 +7.7 1.05 10,739 Cohen & Steers International Realty A(IRFAX) GR +7.3 ◊0.1 +6.0 1.34 53
Franklin Mutual Global Discovery A(TEDIX) WS +5.3 +18.4 +9.7 1.23 10,215 EuroPac International Dividend Income (EPDPX) FV +6.7 +0.2 NA 1.50 59
36-mo. used car 3.34% 3.25% Unemployment 9% Tweedy, Browne Global Value(TBGVX) FV +7.9 +14.2 +8.3 1.38 9,612 Prudential Global Real Estate C(PURCX)
T. Rowe Price Global Real Estate(TRGRX)
GR
GR
+2.7
+2.7
+0.3
+0.7
+5.4
+6.6
1.94
1.05
119
191
Fidelity International Index Premium(FSIVX) FB +10.7 +12.7 +6.9 0.09 9,396
60-mo. new car 3.23 3.35 Percent unemployed Vanguard International Value Inv(VTRIX) FV +11.0 +13.7 +6.3 0.43 8,592 Franklin Global Real Estate A(FGRRX) GR +3.6 +1.0 +6.3 1.40 80
Seasonally adjusted MFS Instl International Equity(MIEIX) FG +12.3 +13.9 +6.8 0.70 8,405 BlackRock Tactical Opportunities Inv A(PCBAX) TV ◊0.4 +1.6 +3.1 1.18 249
Federated Intl Strategic Val Div C(IVFCX) FV +7.8 +1.6 +2.4 1.85 91
CD’s and Money Market Rates 0% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 March ’17 4.5% 4 Average performance for all such funds +10.3 +12.4 +7.2 Invesco Global Real Estate A(AGREX) GR +4.7 +2.7 +6.3 1.36 177
Number of funds for period 508 508 497 Cohen & Steers Global Realty C(CSFCX) GR +4.1 +2.9 +6.7 2.04 56
Feb. ’17 4.7 ’12 ’17
Money-market 0.28% 0.23%
*Annualized. Leaders and Laggards are among funds with at least $50 million in assets, and include no more than one class of any fund. Today’s fund types: FA-Foreign Small/Mid Val.
$10K min. money-mkt 0.28 0.26 FB-Foreign Large Blend. FG-Foreign Large Growth. FQ-Foreign Small/Mid Bl.. FR-Foreign Small/Mid Gr.. FV-Foreign Large Value. GR-Global Real Estate. IH-World Allocation. MQ-Miscellaneous
Housing Starts 2.0
Region. TV-Tactical Allocation. WS-World Large Stock. SW-World Small/Mid Stock. NA-Not Available. YTD-Year to date. Spotlight tables rotate on a 2-week basis. Source: Morningstar
6-month CD 0.38 0.34
Annual Rate, in millions
1-year CD 0.62 0.54 Seasonally adjusted
2-year CD 0.79 0.73 March ’17 1.22 0.0 ONLINE: MORE PRICES AND ANALYSIS
5-year IRA CD 1.52 1.42 Feb. ’17 1.30 ’12 ’17
Information on all United States stocks, plus bonds, mutual funds, commodities and foreign stocks along
*Credit ratings: good, FICO score 660-749; excellent, FICO score 750-850. Source: Bankrate.com with analysis of industry sectors and stock indexes: nytimes.com/markets
B8 TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 SCORES ANALYSIS COMMENTARY
N0

Questions Add to Drumbeat of Mets Injuries

PATRICK SMITH/GETTY IMAGES

Mets pitcher Noah Syndergaard is on the 10-day disabled list with no timetable for his return. The Mets said his current injury was not related to a problem with his biceps muscle last week.

Seeing an Injury Coming
At 100 Miles Per Hour
Jim Kaat was young and Warren
Spahn was old, and the kid wanted to
learn from the master. He asked a
coach to arrange a meeting, and for 20
minutes the ancient lefty told the green
lefty about mechanics —
TYLER how to use the torso to
drive to the plate, and so
KEPNER on. The pitchers parted,
and then Spahn turned
ON back for a final word.
BASEBALL
“Oh, kid, one more
thing I meant to tell you,” he told Kaat.
“When the game’s tied in the seventh
inning, the game’s just starting. You
have to learn how to pitch Mickey
Mantle differently in the ninth inning
than you did in the first inning.”
Kaat, who ultimately earned 283
victories in the majors, laughed as he
recalled the anecdote by telephone on
Monday. “That would be so strange
today,” he said.
Kaat, 78, has stayed in baseball as an
analyst for MLB Network. But the
games he broadcasts are very different
from the ones he played. Noah Synder-
gaard, the muscular right-hander for
the Mets, has made 63 starts — includ-
ing games in October — in an electrify-
ing young career. He has not completed
any, but he has achieved one goal.
For the second year in a row, Synder-
gaard throws a harder fastball than any
other starter in baseball: 98.2 miles per
hour. Only now, he cannot pitch at all,
because he tore his right latissimus
muscle on Sunday when he came out
firing at 100 m.p.h. in Washington.
Officially, he is on the 10-day disabled
list. But the Mets acknowledged he will
miss weeks, not days.
“It’s really sad to see,” Kaat said.
“You get a guy like Syndergaard and so
many other young pitchers — they’re
so much more talented and gifted than
we were.”
They know how to pitch, too. Half of
Syndergaard’s pitches this season have
been sliders, curveballs and changeups.
He has an impressive repertory and
seems to enjoy the craft, not just the
brute force, of pitching, which makes
Continued on Page B11
Syndergaard Out Indefinitely With Torn Muscle in Torso
By JAMES WAGNER
ATLANTA — The Mets’ roster received an-
other significant blow on Monday, one that re-
newed questions about the club’s handling of inju-
ries, when the team announced that Noah Syn-
dergaard, the hard-throwing ace, would be out in-
definitely with a partial
METS 7 tear of his right latissimus
BRAVES 5 muscle.
Mets General Manager
Sandy Alderson, speaking before Monday night’s
7-5 win over the Atlanta Braves, declined to spec-
ulate on how many weeks Syndergaard would
miss, nor did he want to compare the injury to a
similar one that forced Steven Matz, a fellow
Mets starter, to miss two months of the 2015 sea-
son.
“It’s going to be a considerable amount of
time,” Alderson said.
Syndergaard underwent a magnetic resonance
imaging examination on Monday morning in
New York after leaving his start in Washington
on Sunday after only one inning and a third. After
throwing a second-inning strike to the Nationals
star Bryce Harper, Syndergaard grimaced and
grabbed his right side, leading to his exit.
The injury severely hampers an already de-
pleted Mets roster that is now without one of its
most talented pitchers (Syndergaard), one of its
most talented hitters (Yoenis Cespedes), its start-
ing first baseman (Lucas Duda), two infielders
(David Wright and Wilmer Flores) and two other
crucial pitchers (Steven Matz and Seth Lugo). Ra-
fael Montero will most likely start in place of Syn-
dergaard on Friday.
“Somebody has got to pick up the slack,” Mets
Manager Terry Collins said. “I’m not asking any
stating pitcher to be Noah Syndergaard. I’m ask-
ing them to be themselves, and go pitch a good
game.”
Robert Gsellman, a rookie starter and Synder-
gaard’s roommate in New York, showed some im-
provement early in his start on Monday. He tailed
off as the game went on, allowing five runs over
five-plus innings. Home runs by Jose Reyes and
Michael Conforto, who drove in three runs, helped
the Mets solve Julio Teheran, the Braves starter
who has confounded them in the past.
A victory provided a momentary salve on a day
when the Mets drew scrutiny over the circum-
stances surrounding the injury to Syndergaard,
whose start last week had been pushed from
Thursday to Sunday because of biceps discom-
fort. Alderson said a doctor told him that Synder-
gaard’s biceps issue last week was not related to
the current injury to his lat muscle, which
stretches from the armpit to the back.
Continued on Page B11

Claims of Liberal Media Bias Hit ESPN, Too

By MARC TRACY
A TV network is accused of political
bias: hardly a surprise in 2017. But what
if the network is a sports broadcaster?
An unusual strain of partisanship — at
least in the sports corner of the news me-
dia — emerged last week after ESPN an-
nounced it was laying off dozens of
employees. The public reaction included
jeers toward the network for what some
viewers perceived as a leftward slant in
ESPN’s coverage, a reflection of how the
country’s raw political nerves and cultur-
al divisions have spilled over into a world
that many value as a pristine redoubt
from worldly concerns: sports.
“It’s a sign of the times,” said Neal Pil-
son, a former president of CBS Sports
who is a professor at the Columbia Jour-
nalism School. “I think people are look-
ing for bias, and opinion, and information
that in some way involves some hidden
It is not as if American sports and poli-
tics have never intersected. From Jackie
Robinson’s breaking Major League
Baseball’s color barrier to Billie Jean
King’s fight for gender equality in tennis
to John Carlos and Tommie Smith’s black
power salute at the 1968 Olympics, many
moments and figures in sports history
mark social mileposts.
And ESPN has had no shortage of po-
litical story lines to explore lately, after
quarterback Colin Kaepernick knelt dur-
ing the national anthem in protest of
what he saw as widespread American
racism, the United States women’s soc-
cer team and women’s hockey team
raised issues of equal pay in labor dis-
putes, and several members of the New
England Patriots declined an invitation
to the White House.
But for fans to detect a viewpoint from
a mainstream sports broadcaster ap-
pears to be a novel development.
social debates that are not settled. A gal-
vanizing incident for critics was Caitlyn
Jenner’s winning the Arthur Ashe
Courage Award at the ESPYs, ESPN’s
annual award show, in 2015, after Ms.
Jenner, an Olympic gold medalist in the
decathlon, announced she was transgen-
der.
In other cases, conservative writers
like Ben Domenech have cast ESPN’s
perceived political approach as flawed
simply for the network’s willingness to
mingle politics and sports rather than
preserving its TV channels and digital
platforms as sports-only zones, an es-
cape from society’s headier issues.
Even Linda Cohn, a longtime anchor of
“SportsCenter,” ESPN’s flagship high-
lights show, blamed politics for some of
the network’s woes. In a radio interview
on Thursday, she said, “I felt that the old-
school viewers were put in a corner,” CINDY ORD/GETTY IMAGES FOR SIRIUSXM

signal or indication that there’s a political In some cases, ESPN has been ac- adding, “If anyone wants to ignore that From left, Curt Schilling joined Alex Marlow and Stephen K. Bannon of
bias in one direction or another.” cused of putting a thumb on the scale of Continued on Page B10 Breitbart News at a forum last year to discuss politics and his firing by ESPN.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N B9

C YC L I N G

PHOTOGRAPHS BY AN RONG XU FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

The men’s race at the Red Hook Crit in Brooklyn on Saturday. The event, which began in 2008 as an informal affair, now draws hundreds of competitors, including some Olympians.

Brooklyn Race, in 10th Year, Is No Longer ‘Yahoos in the Street’

By JEFF DiNUNZIO
David August Trimble first held the
Red Hook Criterium in March 2008 on
the sleepy streets of Red Hook, Brook-
lyn, with about 40 cyclists on bikes in-
tended for a velodrome. It was infor-
mal and unsanctioned, with little vi-
sion for the future.
“The first year it was just, ‘How do I
make a race that’s super fun and gets
people to come to my birthday
party?’” Trimble said.
But Trimble, who has a background
in auto racing, eventually turned his
attention toward making the race a
yearly event.
“In my head, the idea was to create
the Formula One of bike racing,” he
said.
Trimble’s goal is to create a specta-
cle, despite grumblings that the race
is becoming detached from its roots.
On Saturday night, a warm breeze
carried Trimble’s voice from the
booming loudspeakers across the
Brooklyn Cruise Terminal as he
counted down the start for 100 riders
in the 10th Red Hook Criterium, now a
well-loved fixed-gear bike race
known as the Red Hook Crit.
No longer a chaotic street race, the
event is contested on a winding,
closed-circuit course just over a kilo-
meter long, featuring tight chicanes,
sweeping turns and high-speed
straightaways.
Kacey Lloyd won the first Red Hook
Crit and competed in several more, of-
ten placing in the top 10 of what was Stefan Schäfer of Germany, and keeping them engaged during a
until 2014 a coed event. Lloyd, who above right, after his victory on full day of racing, Trimble said.
now oversees the race’s website, said Saturday. Left, David August “Whenever we pick a venue in an-
she welcomed the race’s evolution. Trimble announcing on Saturday. other city, we really think, ‘How can
“It’s not just a bunch of yahoos in this grow?’” he said. “The goal is to
Trimble organizes the Red Hook
the street anymore,” she said. make bike racing spectator-friendly.”
Crit with the goal of creating a The Red Hook race has built part-
“There’s so much more structure spectacle. Planning the event
around it. Some people think that’s a nerships with food and drink vendors,
bad thing. I think it’s fantastic.”
requires so much work that he and a five-kilometer race on the bike
The planning eventually became so can no longer compete in it. track was introduced in 2012. Live
time consuming that Lloyd and Trim- streaming is a likely next step in wid-
ble stopped competing in the event. hour, without brakes, on a course with ening the crit’s audience.
Red Hook took a major turn toward multiple turns. A competitor sus- “When you’re here in person, you
becoming a more well-oiled, profes- tained a shattered jaw in 2013. feel that energy,” Lloyd said. “We
sional event in 2013 when Rockstar “I’ve adapted a lot of safety aspects have to figure out how to actually
Games, a video game company, from motor sports into this race,” come remotely close to that on a
signed on as the title sponsor. In the Trimble said. “Like the way we use screen. Doing it properly is a very ex-
preceding years, registration was course marshals, and the way we use pensive process.”
limited to 100 riders on a first-come- flags, and the way we use crash pro- The organizers already broadcast
first-served basis, and there were no tection.” the race on Jumbotrons at the Brook-
qualifying races. The sponsorship al- In 2015, Trimble began working lyn Cruise Terminal — just as For-
lowed the organizers to accept more The 2017 field included Colin Strick- “You can’t talk about racing fixed- with Liam Worthy, a cycling consult- mula One does.
entries. land, the 2016 series winner, who gear bikes without talking about the ant from London who worked at the The costs associated with bike
That year, starting with the opening snagged three race victories with Red Hook Crit,” said James Grady, the 2012 Olympics. races are often insurmountable. The
race in Brooklyn, the crit expanded to team Allez Allez-Specialized; Callum founder of San Francisco’s Mission Philadelphia International Cycling
Some precautions include applying
a four-race series. From 2010 to 2012, Skinner, a gold and silver medalist in Crit. The Mission Crit held its fourth Classic, which began in 1985, was can-
grip tape to areas of the track prone to
contests were held in Brooklyn and track cycling for Britain at the 2016 annual race a week before Red celed this year because of a lack of
Hook’s, and attracted some of the tire slippage, and creating “see
Milan. But with additional resources Olympics; and the retired World Tour throughs” at corners using small or- funding.
rider Francesco Chicchi of Italy. Fran- same riders. Trimble does not play down the fi-
and growing interest in fixed-gear ange concrete markers to lessen the
cisca Campos, a former Olympic Zach Morvant, who competed at nancial obstacles.
races, a stop in Barcelona and a sec- risk of hitting the metal barriers en-
mountain biker from Chile, returned Mission and Red Hook, said more em-
ond race at the Brooklyn Navy Yard closing the course. “It could keep going, or it could
to Red Hook after finishing ninth in phasis was placed on preparation
were added. (The Navy Yard event After each heat, Worthy rides the not,” he said. “There are steps we
the 2016 women’s standings. than ever before. Morvant focuses on
was a one-time race, and a London interval training, honing his track course to observe the conditions and need to take to make it viable. Every
race was added in 2015.) Trimble, 34, said he wanted to keep make any adjustments. His team of year it gets more expensive.”
bike handling, and is attentive to nu-
By 2014, there were enough cyclists the race open to everyone, but ac- marshals is positioned along the Saturday’s final race came down to
trition.
to create a women’s division. This knowledged that rising performance course and communicates safety haz- the two breakaway riders, Strickland
“Drinking a beer before a race, that
year’s crit had 279 men and 69 women levels made it difficult for all but the doesn’t happen anymore,” he said. ards using flags, as in motor racing. and Stefan Schäfer of Germany.
complete qualifying. The top 100 men top riders. The increased participation meant Crashes are inevitable, though. Schäfer, who was the only rider to
reached the final, while there were 60 “When we started, the high-level adding structures such as qualifying Several occurred on Saturday, with beat Strickland in the 2016 Red Hook
spots in the women’s final. athletes were national track champi- heats and time trials to establish the most serious in the men’s final, series, took the victory on the final
What began as an underground ons,” he said. “Now they’re gold med- starting position. More racers also led which was red flagged with five laps lap. A budding rivalry could be a good
night race among friends at the inter- alists.” to a greater focus on safety and left so medical staff could tend to an thing.
section of Richards and Dikeman The Red Hook race has also in- course design. Red Hook has faced injured rider. “I think it has huge potential,” Trim-
Streets now attracts some of the spired similar fixed-gear criteriums criticism for the risks of fixed-gear The future of the Red Hook Crit will ble said. “I think we have the right for-
world’s top cyclists. in the United States and Europe. bikes racing at upward of 35 miles per depend on reaching more spectators mula.”
B10 0 N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

MEDIA P R O B A S K E T B A L L N. B . A . P L AYO F F S

Cavaliers Trounce Raptors in Opener

By The Associated Press

LeBron James scored 35 points,

Kyrie Irving added 24, and the
Cleveland Cavaliers picked up
where they left off after a long lay-
off by throttling the visiting Toron-
to Raptors, 116-105, on Monday
night in the opener of their
Eastern Conference semifinal se-
ries.
The Cavaliers had not played
since April 23, when they com-
pleted a four-game sweep of the
Indiana Pacers. But Cleveland,
the defending champions, did not
show signs of rust and was well
prepared to face the Raptors, who
lost to the Cavaliers in last year’s
conference finals in six games.
Toronto dropped to 1-12 in play-
off openers, and the Raptors were
blown out for the fourth straight
time in Cleveland.
“As a team, I think we had great
energy,” James said, “and even
some of the mistakes that we had
we were able to cover up for be-
cause our energy level was high.
But we’ll be a lot better on
CHRIS PIZZELLO/INVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Wednesday.”
Some critics of ESPN have pointed to its award for Caitlyn Jenner, right, at the 2015 ESPYs. Game 2 is Wednesday night in
Cleveland.

Claims of Liberal Bias Hit ESPN, Too

From First Sports Page
fact, they’re blind.”
The claim that the layoffs some-
how resulted from disenchant-
ment with political bias is most
likely untrue. Industry analysts
have tied ESPN’s job cuts to radi-
cally shifting habits of media con-
sumption — notably the fact that
millions of people are turning
away from cable TV, which for
decades has been ESPN’s mother
lode for revenue — and to other
business-related factors.
“I’m not aware of a tangible con-
nection that has expressed itself
through any data,” said Brian
Wieser, an analyst at Pivotal Re-
search, in reference to theories
that a political slant helped cause
layoffs. He added, “There are
much more obvious things to
point to.”
Still, some viewers seized on a
rare moment of public vulnerabil-
ity for ESPN to air their griev-
ances, an echo of Gamergate, a
heated dispute that escalated a
few years ago when video game
reviewers were accused of in-
appropriately infusing politics
and biases on other subjects into
their work, leading to a campaign
of harassment against those who
were derogatorily called “social
justice warriors.”
(It is difficult to discern, of
course, whether the complaints
lodged against ESPN on social
media and other digital platforms
represented a small or large por-
tion of the network’s viewership.)
In The Ringer, the writer Bryan
Curtis recently concluded, sym-
pathetically, that sportswriting
had become “a liberal profession.”
In debates such as whether the
Washington Redskins’ name and
imagery are offensive, he said,
most sportswriters consider there
to be only one right-thinking side.
The conservative writer Mi-
chael Brendan Dougherty re-
sponded in The Week that the
sports media’s “hegemonic liber-
alism” put it “in an antagonistic
position not just with fans, but
with the entire sports culture be-
yond journalism.”
ESPN’s president, John Skip-
per, told the network ombudsman
last year that ESPN and its parent
company, Disney, were committed
to “diversity and inclusion,” and
that they “view this not as a po-
litical stance but as a human
stance.”
But conservatives might dis-
agree with Mr. Skipper’s parsing,
and Bob Ley, one of ESPN’s long-
est-tenured anchors, perhaps
hinted at one byproduct of ESPN’s
“diversity and inclusion” when he
told the ombudsman, Jim Brady,
in reference to gender and racial
emphases in personnel: “We’ve
done a great job of diversity. But
the one place we have miles to go
is diversity of thought.”
An ESPN-commissioned study
last October found that 28 percent
of the network’s consumers be-
lieved it was politically biased, ac-
cording to figures provided by
ESPN. Of that 28 percent, 56 per-
cent believed the network was bi-
ased in a liberal direction, while
37 percent said it was biased in a
conservative direction.
Two events in particular polar-
ized viewers against ESPN, ac-
cording to the study, which was
conducted by Langer Research
Associates: Ms. Jenner’s receiv-
ing her award, and the firing of the
analyst Curt Schilling after he
ridiculed transgender people in a
Facebook post in response to
North Carolina’s so-called bath-
room bill. The two incidents made
16 percent and 12 percent more
viewers, respectively, feel worse
about ESPN than better (the ma-
jority’s views were unaffected).
By contrast, coverage of Mi-
chael Sam, the first openly gay
player to be drafted by an N.F.L.
team, and a town hall event in Oc-
tober with President Barack
Obama both resulted in slightly
more ESPN viewers feeling better
about the network than feeling
worse, according to ESPN.
Clay Travis, a Fox Sports con-
tributor and editor of the website
Outkick the Coverage, has labeled
the network “MSESPN,” a refer-
ence to MSNBC, the cable news
channel that frequently skews
liberal in its analysis. Giving the
courage award to Ms. Jenner, he
said in an interview, smacked of
“social engineering” on behalf of
ESPN. He has also criticized what
he called the “lionization” of Mr.
Kaepernick.
Mr. Pilson, the journalism pro-
fessor, said he believed that amid
the present political deluge, even
sports media outlets could not
help but get wet.
“People are either anticipating,
expecting or microwatching
sportscasters to see if they can de-
tect any bias,” he said.
Barry Blyn, ESPN’s vice presi-
dent for consumer insights, noted
in an interview that ratings for
CNN, Fox News and MSNBC had
not fallen off since November.
“The election isn’t over,” he
said. “And because it isn’t over, ev-
erything is political.”
Kyle Lowry scored 20 and De-
Mar DeRozan 19 for the Raptors,
who were within 7 points in the
third quarter before James hit a 3-
pointer, converted a 3-point play
and sank another 3-pointer.
After drawing a foul on a missed
layup, James playfully hopped to-
ward the sideline, where a court-
side server was passing by. James
grabbed a beer bottle from the
server’s tray and brought it to-
ward his lips before putting it
back.
“I was standing right next to
him,” said James’s teammate J. R.
Smith. “I thought it was hilarious
until I thought that if I did it, it
wouldn’t have been taken the
right way. It was funny, though.”
With the trade acquisitions
Serge Ibaka and P. J. Tucker, To-
ronto appears to be better
equipped to compete with Cleve-
land after losing to the Cavaliers
in last season’s playoffs.
The trouble is, James only
seems to be getting better.
After nearly averaging a triple-
double against the Pacers, he re-
minded the Raptors that to ad-
vance, they will have to stop him.
“We’ve just got to play defense
and not let them do up and down
and do what they do,” Lowry said.
“Play defense for 48 minutes.
We’ve got to find ways to limit
their spurts.”
Before the game, Toronto Coach
Dwane Casey talked about the big
comebacks that have been a
theme during the playoffs. The
Raptors blew a 25-point lead to the
Milwaukee Bucks in the first
round, while the Cavaliers over-
came a 25-point halftime deficit
and pulled off the biggest second-
half rally in playoff history in
Game 3 against the Pacers.
“There’s no lead safe in the
N.B.A.,” Casey said.
The Cavaliers found that out in
Cleveland’s LeBron James scoring on Toronto’s DeMarre Car-
roll. “As a team, I think we had great energy,” James said.
the first half, as they built an 18-
point lead only to watch the Rap-
tors go on a 19-3 run to cut their
deficit to 41-39.
But Cleveland regrouped and,
playing a turnover-free second
quarter, led at the half, 62-48.
James’ legs looked fresh early
on as he and Irving teamed on an
alley-oop.
After James poked the ball
away for a steal, Irving took pos-
session as both headed up the
floor on a break. James pointed to-
ward the backboard, and Irving
got the message, bouncing a pass
high off the glass that James
dunked with his left hand.
BIRD’S EXIT FOLLOWS A PLAN
Larry Bird made the decision last
year.
After nearly 40 years in the
N.B.A., he had started plotting an
exit strategy.
Bird, a 60-year-old Hall of
Famer, finally told the rest of the
world Monday: He was stepping
down as the Indiana Pacers’ presi-
dent for basketball operations,
turning the reins over to Kevin
Pritchard and remaining in the or-
ganization as a scout and consult-
ant.
“Maybe when I turn 70, I’ll
come back,” Bird joked.
Bird’s story is well known to
millions — the small-town prep
star who led Indiana State to the
1979 N.C.A.A. championship game
against Magic Johnson and Michi-
gan State, won three Most Valu-
able Player Awards and three
N.B.A. titles in Boston, and then
helped the Dream Team capture
Olympic gold in 1992. In August
TONY DEJAK/ASSOCIATED PRESS
1992, the man nicknamed Larry
Legend and the Hick from French
Lick, a reference to his Indiana
hometown, retired as a player but
remained with the Celtics as a spe-
cial assistant until the Pacers of-
fered him their head-coaching po-
sition in 1997.
Bird took the Pacers to the
Eastern Conference finals three
straight times and was named the
league’s coach of the year in his
debut season. A heart ailment
prompted Bird to follow through
on another promise — that he
would coach only three seasons.
He walked away weeks after
Indiana lost to the Lakers in the
2000 finals.
Three years later, a rejuvenated
and healthier Bird returned to the
team as the president for basket-
ball operations.
This time, Bird put together
teams that went to three more
conference finals and earned him
the N.B.A.’s Executive of the Year
Award in 2011-12. Bird is the only
person in league history to be
named an M.V.P. and coach and
executive of the year.
Bird explained that he informed
the team owner Herb Simon last
summer that he had signed his fi-
nal contract to run the team. Then
Bird called two confidantes into
his office — Pritchard and Peter
Dinwiddie, the Pacers’ vice presi-
dent for basketball operations —
and repeated the message.
“This is not a shock to me, as
Larry has always been upfront
about someday stepping down,”
Simon said. “I thank him for all
that he has done and am very
pleased he is remaining with the
Pacers in a different capacity.”

H O C K E Y S TA N L E Y C U P P L AYO F F S

Intense Leader Molds Senators’ Spirit

By ALLAN KREDA at practice Monday at the Garden. right dynamic from the first day of
Ottawa Senators Coach Guy The pressure of the games ahead training camp. The work ethic
1HZ <RUN 6WDWH
+RXVHV IRU 6DOH  Boucher could pass for a college against the favored Rangers was Boucher established has carried



 i professor when he wears thin- not fazing Ottawa’s skaters or over into springtime for a fran-
hB3 IUP3. rlg IKBI *3KNKQBi
rimmed glasses and gives erudite their coach. chise that has not advanced past
p . r oI. NB3 Bh3ohUUP voI NU<o.
WN. 3*M. B3 h.$3soK<KsN uK3vi i3o soliloquies. But he does not want “What I like about our players is the second round since the 2007 fi-
UQ rl> *h3i.QUvPU$KN3 
ou ohKNi
SV@J@@kJV>>r the front-of-the-classroom spot- that we’ve worked on reloading nals against the Anaheim Ducks.
+HOS :DQWHG  light. “He’s very prepared and very
The savvy Boucher would detailed, and he does a very good
0s*oKUQ 
   
siIKQB
*03Px Uh0 U< hsio33i rather credit the players who have job of preparing us,” said defense-
i33Mi *Q0K0o3i <Uh 30 U< *IUUN
man Dion Phaneuf, who was for-
WUiKoKUQ\ KiKo
vvv\*siIKQB\UhBmI30U<i*IUUNi3h*I
excelled during his first year as
coach. Ottawa leads the Rangers
Players respect the merly captain of the Toronto Ma-
<Uh 00KoKUQN KQ<UhPoKUQ\

Qo3h3io30 *Q0K0o3i is$PKo  N3oo3h U<
KQo3h3io. h3isP3. Q0 h3<3h3Q*3i oU- by two games to none as their detailed system of a ple Leafs. “As players, we really
like that because he gives us the
*siIKQBI30U<i*IUUNi3h*I best-of-seven playoff series shifts
#BPKN\*UP
 

 

m K*\ IxiK*N to Madison Square Garden for coach new to Ottawa. information we need, and it’s our
I3hWKio
iiKioQo. s<<UNM U\. \ Game 3 on Tuesday. job to execute his plan.”
p 0ximv33M. iNhx Q3BUoK$N3\ NN
lpVJl>@J@S44j iIWKhU3PB#u3hKyUQ\Q3o “I don’t think it’s about me, it’s Boucher has a master’s degree
about our players,” said Boucher, in sports psychology from the
0$56+$/  mentally and emotionally from University of Montreal, and he
45, who was hired last May after SEAN KILPATRICK/CANADIAN PRESS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
6+(5,)) the Senators missed the playoffs great moments and bad moments spent a year playing in France be- Coach Guy Boucher has guided the Senators to a two-games-to-
6$/(6 and fired Dave Cameron. “They all year long,” Boucher said. “And fore starting his coaching career none lead over the Rangers in the second round of the playoffs.
 as an assistant at McGill Univer-
are the ones who deserve the what I like is that it did translate to


g 
 

s$NK*
s*oKUQ J 3- hMKQB KUNoKUQi credit for how they’ve developed, the playoffs, which is why we are sity in Montreal.
sh3s ui hKUsi s0B3P3Qo 3$oUhi\
stuck together and created a soul still here. That’s what you need in Success and intensity have scored four goals including the have played the most playoff

vKNN i3NN <Uh Kox hiIN U$3ho \ UNKJ
PKQ3 Uh Qx UoI3h Kox hiIN x
hJ
inside that group.” the playoffs.” characterized Boucher’s career. A winner in Saturday’s 6-5 victory in games in the league since the start
oIsh KBh. K*3Qi30
s*oKUQ33h. Y

Ottawa’s players say the precise native of Notre-Dame-du-Lac, double overtime, said Boucher’s of the 2012 postseason.
K*\ U\ zklklVSZ. UQ Ishi\. x @. rzVk His team appeared relaxed and
o Vr-pz \\ o 3Q 3Q. VSz4 IUh3
hMvx. hUUMNxQ.  VVrV@. oI3 mm
loose as it went through its paces and exacting Boucher instilled the Quebec, Boucher previously style had benefited the entire ros- “We’re not going to change, es-
KQ  oU oI3 <UNNUvKQB 3IK*N3i- coached the Tampa Bay Light- ter. pecially playing a team like that at
z@ 
 >Vr4S@pl>4rk
Sl


4@
>zkz4@z ning, whom he had one win from “Everyone when we go out home,” Boucher said Monday.
C A L E N DA R
Vz  rV@p
rp@lSl
z>
 V  4V>>lVVk>p the finals in 2011, and SC Bern in there is relentless; everyone He emphasized that flexibility
zz 
zl 
V@@@@k>>r>>
VVl>rl
zz@Sk Switzerland, where he won the wants to win,” Pageau said. “We also had to be part of his tool kit
z>  rzz>pVVrzzz Swiss Cup in 2015. found a way to win, and it’s when heading into the caldron of playoff
TV Highlights
SS  rk>rkzpVlr
zr  Vk>r@@VS4 His defense-first system ap- we trust our system and when we games where nuances can make
zp 
 

>V4p@krrp
zz 
 V
pVz>Vlrkr Baseball 7:00 p.m. Toronto at Yankees YES pears to have the Senators on the play in it. As players, we really re- the difference. Each of Ottawa’s
zp 
zp

VV4 4p
>>lz>
V  4rpplVzVk> 7:30 p.m. Mets at Atlanta SNY same page, and for Mike Hoffman, spect and have bought into his six postseason wins has been by
zV  VVl >V VSVll
Basketball / 8:00 p.m. Washington at Boston TNT who scored 26 goals this season, system.” one goal.
SS  V@ r44l>>@>V
zV   rV>rkVSVlpVlr N.B.A. Playoffs 10:30 p.m. Utah at Golden State TNT the results for these resurgent Despite their advantage this se- “I keep myself ready to adjust,”
zr  VkprVlVrS
z>  r
kr4>Vll@k@ Boxing 9:00 p.m. Premier Champions FS1 Senators are not surprising. He ries, Boucher will not let his Sena- he said.
zS
 r  4r4SlV@k>>
z>   VVVr>kV4lVpr Hockey / 7:00 p.m. Ottawa at Rangers NBCSN also played for Boucher as a teen- tors ease up. Derick Brassard, a former
zp 

zr 
 Sll4pzzrprk
rk>Srl@44pp N.H.L. Playoffs 9:30 p.m. St. Louis at Nashville NBCSN ager with the Drummondville After Ottawa won the opener, Ranger, said he appreciated
zV  Vp> rV k>rz@
Soccer / UEFA 2:30 p.m. Atlético Madrid at Real Madrid FS1 Voltigeurs, who won the Quebec 2-1, Boucher cagily mentioned Boucher’s no-nonsense approach
z> 
 4
z4l>@pVSVz
junior league title in 2009. how most pundits had picked the and how he understood the
SS 

zV 


zr 
V ll>r
z>ppV4
p>4pVpzzSzpp
V@ @44rrkzrp>
This Week *if necessary
“Not much has changed since Rangers to crush his team. boundaries in his relationship
zz  
S4 
rp>rVlp>4
VV4z @pp>V
HOME TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON then,” Hoffman, 27, said. “It’s still “We are contending every with his players. Like Phaneuf
zp

VS
>ll@p
z@>kr> AWAY 5/2 5/3 5/4 5/5 5/6 5/7 5/8 about attention to detail and exact game to win games, how’s that?” and Hoffman, Brassard said there
Vr 

V V4V>zSr@k
zr  rV4 Vr
zV>>z ATLANTA ATLANTA ATLANTA MIAMI MIAMI MIAMI SAN FRAN. routes and plays. It’s neat that he said coyly when asked whether were only rare flashes of humor
zk   Vp >l>k>@l4l4 METS 7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m. 7 p.m. 7 p.m. 1 p.m. 7 p.m. he still considered his squad an from their ultrafocused coach.
z4  rp
@pk4 VpzVrS SNY SNY SNY SNY Ch. 11 SNY ESPN, SNY
eight years later our paths have
SS 

44 
r  V4l4 >rrVlz

rpz444lVzl@ crossed again.” underdog to the playoff-savvy “He’s intense, he’s serious and
TORONTO TORONTO CHICAGO CHICAGO CHICAGO CINCINNATI
UNNUvKQB 3IK*N3i UN0 KoI K3Q
Sk   VVlS@r44S4 YANKEES 7 p.m. 7 p.m. 2 p.m. 7 p.m. 8 p.m. 7 p.m. Ottawa ousted the more physi- Rangers. he likes to communicate with the
zl 
Vr>>@l@V4SV>l YES ESPN, YES YES FOX ESPN YES cal Boston Bruins in six games in He has maintained his team’s players,” said Brassard, a Quebec
zz 
 V
pV
4rrp4>>
zk  V4>k4k@pz>z4 OTTAWA OTTAWA OTTAWA* the first round, and with a two- underdog status, calling the native like Boucher. “He’s a
zz 
Vr >@z@r@VVS4
zr  V@>4zrVVr@k4
RANGERS 7 p.m. 7:30 p.m. TBD game advantage over the Rangers “Stanley Cup hockey coach, and with players,
NBCSN NBCSN
z> 

zr 
Vlk>>zz>zpVV
@VprlrVV@rrS
Rangers, they could take a com- contenders.” The Rangers, who there is mutual respect always.
Vp  pzprzzk44 KANSAS CITY ATLANTA manding series lead Tuesday. finished the regular season with But our head coach is not our
iI UQNx.
QiW3*o H Ih WhKUh oU iN3
 \ 

. Kox hiIN RED BULLS 8:30 P.M. WEDNESDAY MSG N.Y.C.F.C. 4:00 P.M. SUNDAY UNI Jean-Gabriel Pageau, who four more wins than the Senators, friend.”
0B3 U\ lr 3N3WIUQ3- YkV4Z rp4J>44>
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 0N B11

BASEBALL

In Anyone’s
A.L. East,
Everyone’s
A Contender
By BILLY WITZ
May is only just beginning, but the
temperature in the American League
East has been rising rapidly lately.
When Baltimore’s Manny Machado
took out Dustin Pedroia of Boston
with a late slide a
BLUE JAYS 7 little more than a
YANKEES 1 week ago, Pe-
droia’s teammate
Matt Barnes threw a pitch that
buzzed Machado’s ear, which the Ori-
oles did not care for — and neither did
Pedroia, as he made clear after the
game.
On Sunday in Toronto, when Tampa
Bay’s Chris Archer threw a fastball
behind the head of Jose Bautista, it
was viewed by Blue Jays Manager
John Gibbons as payback for Toronto
reliever Joe Biagini’s hitting the hand
of Rays outfielder Steven Souza Jr.
the previous day.
The Yankees, in contrast, have thus
far steered clear of any testy conflict
in the division — perhaps because, for
the first month of the season, they
have found few reasons to take of-
fense.
Then again, until Monday, they had
not played the Blue Jays, the team
that during the past two seasons has
succeeded not only in repeatedly
beating the Yankees but also in get-
ting under their skin.
If the Blue Jays did little to upset
the Yankees’ sensibilities on Monday,
they nevertheless cruised to a 7-1 vic- JIM McISAAC/GETTY IMAGES

tory at Yankee Stadium, riding the
adroit pitching of Marco Estrada and
home runs by Bautista, Ryan Goins
and Chris Coghlan.
The defeat dropped the Yankees to
one game behind the Baltimore Ori-
oles for the division lead and gave
A foe who has recently
gotten under the
Yankees’ skin rolls on.
them back-to-back losses for the first
time since the opening week of the
season, when they lost three in a row.
That it came to Toronto could
hardly be a surprise. The Blue Jays
have won 26 of 39 games against the
Yankees dating to the beginning of the
2015 season — blowing past them
down the stretch in 2015 and winning
three of four in late September last
season, as Toronto clinched a wild-
card berth and all but eliminated the
Yankees.
Toronto’s Jose Bautista hitting a two-run homer during the seventh inning Monday night at Yankee Stadium. Bautista went 2 for 4, with two R.B.I.
Their last meeting of 2016 was a
memorable one: Yankees pitcher
Luis Severino hit the Blue Jays slug-
ger Josh Donaldson, the Blue Jays’
J. A. Happ answered by plunking
Chase Headley, and Severino re-
sponded by hitting Justin Smoak.
That led to two bench-clearing
dust-ups in the first two innings, a
welt under the eye of Yankees out-
fielder Tyler Austin, and ejections for
Severino, Manager Joe Girardi, the
bench coach Rob Thomson and the
pitching coach Larry Rothschild. The
Yankees had the last word when Mark
Teixeira hit a game-winning home
run off reliever Jason Grilli in the
ninth inning, which Teixeira punctu-
ated with a bat flip and some extra
words for Grilli from the dugout.
The Yankees viewed it as giving the
Blue Jays — “the kings of fun,” Head-
ley called them at the time — a little
taste of their own sauce.
It was Bautista, of course, whose
bat flip after a late home run in the
2015 playoffs so rankled the Texas
Rangers that they hit him in their final
meeting last year, which Bautista an-
swered with a hard slide that engen-
dered an overhand right to his chin by
Rangers second baseman Rougned
Odor.
“Some people look at it, and they
don’t like that aspect of the game,”
Yankees reliever Tommy Layne said.
“I love it. I think that’s still keeping
some of the traditional aspects of pro-
tecting your players and your team-
mates. But I think it breeds a better
baseball. How long did people talk
about the bat flip and the situation be-
tween Texas and Bautista? It brings
attention to the game, which is not a
bad thing.”
This season, the Blue Jays have not
had much to celebrate. They lost 17 of
their first 23 games, and their dis-
abled list includes third baseman
Donaldson, shortstop Troy Tulowitzki
and pitchers Aaron Sanchez and
Happ. Even with their modest three-
game winning streak, the Blue Jays
are eight games behind the Orioles.
On Monday, Estrada repeatedly
stymied the Yankees’ pursuit of a big
inning, scattering seven singles over
seven innings. He struck out Didi Gre-
gorius with two on to end the third, got
Greg Bird to hit into an inning-ending
double play with two aboard in the
fourth, and retired Aaron Judge and
Bird on fly balls with two on in the
sixth.
Asked how Estrada can get hitters
out by throwing an 89-m.p.h. fastball
and changeup combination up in the
strike zone, Judge shrugged. “If I
knew, I’d have had four hits,” he said.
The Blue Jays did not find Severino
nearly as baffling. Goins, filling in for
Tulowitzki, hit a two-run homer off
Severino in the second, and Coghlan,
filling in for Donaldson, hit a solo
homer in the sixth that finished the
night for Severino, who has not beat-
en the Blue Jays in five starts.
Earlier in the inning, the Blue Jays
scored two runs on a sacrifice fly as
Jacoby Ellsbury crashed into the cen-
ter-field wall to catch Goins’s long
drive. But his flip from the seat of his
pants to Judge went over the 6-foot-7
outfielder’s head as Smoak and Dev-
on Travis raced home from second
and third. Ellsbury injured his left el-
bow on the play, and though he stayed
in the game, he was not sure if he
would be ready for Tuesday’s game.
Bautista applied the crowning blow,
hitting a two-run homer off Luis
Cessa, who was recalled from Scran-
ton/Wilkes-Barre earlier in the day to
replace Bryan Mitchell. It was his
34th home run against the Yankees,
the most of any active player.
“Any time you walk into this build-
ing, you know what the name repre-
sents, and you want to beat the best,
always,” Bautista said.
He added: “I would compare this to
an underdog playing Barcelona or
Real Madrid in soccer. You always
want to beat the opponent, but there
seems to be a higher sense of aware-
ness of how important it is to win
when you come into Yankee Stadium.
It’s always important to come in here
and play good because it sets a state-
ment, not only with them, but for the
rest of the division.”

Seeing an Injury Coming at 100 Miles Per Hour

From First Sports Page
his fixation on velocity such a
shame.
Syndergaard bought so thor-
oughly into his Thor persona last
winter that he should have just
carried a hammer to spring
training. He was jacked, un-
apologetically so. Why did the
hardest-throwing starter in the
majors — 98 miles per hour last
season, according to FanGraphs
— need to bulk up and throw
even harder?
“I want to set goals, not neces-
sarily throw harder, but just
make the game easier,” he said
this spring. “Just never become
and coach who runs the National
Pitching Academy in California,
told Bob Klapisch of The Bergen
Record in February: “Unfortu-
nately, this is an injury waiting to
happen by the second week of
June. Unless you’re picking up a
ball while you’re getting stronger,
A school of thought
says pitchers should
throw more, not less.
you’re just adding muscle that
I’m not with Syndergaard every
day; I’m not part of the Mets’
anything. I’m friends with Danny
Warthen” — the Mets’ pitching
coach — “and I just figured, well,
it’s going to run its course. In
retrospect, I should have proba-
bly called the doctor and just
kind of told him what my fears
were.”
House, like Kaat, believes that
developing pitchers should throw
more, not less. The modern in-
dustry believes the opposite. Yet
pitchers continue to break down.
“What happens in today’s
game is kids pitch too much, but
they don’t throw enough,” House
said. “That’s the simplest way to
should throw at least a little
every day. Two of Sain’s pitchers,
Kaat and Tommy John, would go
on to throw more than 4,500
innings apiece. No active pitcher
has worked even 3,300 innings.
“The single most important
exercise that I did during my
career was throwing the base-
ball,” Kaat said. “Whenever they
would say, ‘You sure you’re not
throwing too much?’ I would
say: ‘Well, this is how I make my
living. I’m just spinning the ball.
I’m trying to figure out what
makes it move, how can I make it
do this and do that?’ So my arm
always stayed very flexible.”
Syndergaard is only a product PATRICK SMITH/GETTY IMAGES

complacent and try to maintain
anything, because once you start
maintaining, you ultimately
lose.”
That rationale sounds fine on
the surface, but it contradicts
decades of examples of pitchers
who lost a little of their youthful
fastballs yet continued to domi-
nate. Syndergaard wanted more,
a goal that was noble, perhaps,
but ultimately reckless. Smart
pitching minds saw an injury
coming.
Tom House, the former pitcher
doesn’t know how to throw. It’s
unskilled muscle.”
Sure enough, Syndergaard had
not thrown all winter, believing
that consecutive seasons with
around 200 innings were enough
stress on his arm. And sure
enough, an injury happened even
before House expected.
“I hate being right about these
kinds of things,” House said by
phone on Monday, adding that he
had almost called the Mets’ team
doctor, David Altchek, last week.
“But it’s none of my business.
explain it. They haven’t created a
broad enough throwing founda-
tion to handle the pitching work-
loads.
“My brother and I wore out
three garage doors throwing
tennis balls against them. We
lived at the beach. I bet you I
threw a million sea rocks at sea
gulls. Not very environmentally
friendly, but we were throwing
all the time.”
Kaat worked under the re-
nowned pitching coach Johnny
Sain, who believed that pitchers
of today’s culture, in which the
radar gun too often dictates a
pitcher’s value. But he also
seems to have held too much
sway over his employers, refus-
ing their request for a magnetic
resonance imaging for his biceps
discomfort last week — and
getting away with it.
“The M.R.I. was not dismissed
out of hand simply because Noah
said he wouldn’t do it,” General
Manager Sandy Alderson told
reporters in Atlanta on Monday.
“We evaluate whether it’s impor-
Noah Syndergaard, the hardest-throwing starter in baseball,
pitching in the first inning against the Nationals on Sunday.
tant to do so in spite of his oppo- to prove a point, and cause a new
sition. That was factored into the injury?
decision as well. From that “Anything’s possible,” Al-
standpoint, who’s not to say that derson conceded.
things couldn’t have been done All we know, really, is that
differently?” Syndergaard made the radar gun
Alderson insisted there was no sizzle on Sunday. At a carnival,
connection between the lat injury he would have won the biggest
and the biceps problem. But did stuffed animal at the booth. At
Syndergaard overcompensate on the ballpark, he won a lengthy
Sunday, trying to throw too hard trip to the disabled list.

Questions Grow as Mets Lose Syndergaard Indefinitely to Torn Torso Muscle

From First Sports Page
“The question was specifically
asked and the answer was, ‘No,’
that there was not a connection,”
Alderson said. “Now, that’s an
opinion, but coming from a pretty
knowledgeable source.”
The episode added to criticism
that the Mets had already drawn
regarding injuries, especially to
Cespedes and Syndergaard. Ces-
pedes first injured his hamstring
on April 20, was not placed on the
10-day disabled list and was given
five days of rest. He returned to
play, but he landed on the disabled
list on April 28 after he reinjured
the hamstring.
“He thought he was ready to
go,” Alderson said. “Now, is it a
surprise that Cespedes is on the
disabled list for the hamstring?
No. We knew that he was suscep-
tible to this, and there was some
issue. But at the same time, we
can’t put somebody on the dis-
abled list who says they’re not
hurt.”
A near mirror episode hap-
pened last year with Cespedes
and a quadriceps injury, which Al-
derson said then the Mets hoped
to avoid, yet it happened again
this year.
Syndergaard’s injury, though,
brought more questions. He was
scratched the morning of his
Thursday start because the Mets
did not want to risk further injury,
as he had been dealing with what
the team called right biceps ten-
dinitis and soreness in his biceps
and shoulder.
Syndergaard called it a “little
hiccup” and said he felt better
with anti-inflammatory medica-
tion, but insisted he could have
started on Thursday. He also re-
fused an M.R.I., a decision that
was heavily scrutinized a few
days later after he walked off the
mound holding his side with a
trainer.
The Mets had cleared Synder-
gaard to start after he threw a
bullpen session with no problem
in front of coaches on Friday.
Alderson said on Monday that it
was his decision to allow Synder-
gaard to pitch.
“It was with input from a varie-
ty of different sources, including
Noah himself,” he said. “The
M.R.I. was not dismissed out of
hand simply because Noah said he
wouldn’t do it. We evaluate
whether it’s important to do so in
spite of his opposition.”
Alderson said he “sincerely” be-
lieved that Syndergaard was be-
ing truthful about feeling fine.
“He was throwing 100 miles an
hour in the first inning,” Alderson
said. “Was that because he was
trying to show someone or us that
he was fine? I don’t know the an-
swer to that.”
Asked whether Syndergaard
was compensating for one dis-
comfort and it led to another, Al-
derson said, “Anything’s possi-
ble.”
Alderson said he did not want
to speculate, but he said the Mets
would have to evaluate whether
Syndergaard’s adding more mus-
cle in the off-season had had an
adverse effect, or if changes
needed to be made to Synder-
gaard’s hard throwing.
Mets strength and conditioning
coaches visit players in the off-
season, Alderson said, but “we
don’t control everything they do.”
Asked if he regretted any deci-
sions on Syndergaard, Alderson
said it was hard to answer. He
took in all the available informa-
tion, he said, from the medical
staff to Syndergaard to his own
experience, in making the deci-
sion.
“But let’s assume he got the
M.R.I. and it didn’t show anything
and he got injured,” he said. “Am I
better off? The team’s not better
off.”
Over the weekend, Alderson
said the Mets needed to appraise
everything from weight training
to hydration of players, such as
Cespedes, who had a history of leg
issues, to prevent recurring inju-
ries. On Monday, Alderson said
that he had “absolute confidence”
in the information he received
from the medical staff.
When Alderson took over as
general manager in 2011, he said
he knew the Mets had a reputation
for struggling with injuries. “I
don’t seem to have done anything
to improve it,” he said.
B12 0 N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

S C O R E B OA R D

W.N.B.A. Will Stream Games on Twitter PRO BASKETBALL

N.B.A. PLAYOFF SCHEDULE

PRO HOCKEY

N.H.L. PLAYOFF SCHEDULE

BASEBALL
A.L. STANDINGS
SECOND ROUND SECOND ROUND East W L Pct GB
By TIM CASEY per season and coverage of the play- Early experiments with these events All Times EDT All Times EDT
Baltimore 16 8 .667 —
offs, the draft and the All-Star Game. (Best-of-7; x-if necessary) (Best-of-7; x-if necessary)
A few months ago, W.N.B.A. Presi- on Facebook have delivered great re-
EASTERN CONFERENCE EASTERN CONFERENCE Yankees 15 9 .625 1
dent Lisa Borders reached out to Se- “We are excited to help extend the sults for fans, broadcasters and rights Cleveland 1, Toronto 0 Ottawa 2, Rangers 0
reach of women’s sports around the holders.” Monday, May 1: Cleveland 116, Toronto 105 Thursday, April 27: Ottawa 2, Rangers 1 Boston 13 12 .520 3{
attle Storm guard Jewell Loyd, who Wednesday, May 3: Toronto at Cleveland, Saturday, April 29: Ottawa 6, Rangers 5, 2OT
had injured her ankle while playing in world by collaborating further with For now, major broadcasters like 7 p.m. Tuesday, May 2: Ottawa at Rangers, 7 p.m. Tampa Bay 13 14 .481 4{
Friday, May 5: Cleveland at Toronto, 7 p.m. Thursday, May 4: Ottawa at Rangers, 7:30
China. Borders wanted to see how the N.B.A. to be the home of weekly ABC/ESPN, NBC, CBS and Fox Sports Sunday, May 7: Cleveland at Toronto, 3:30 p.m. Toronto 9 17 .346 8
Loyd was recovering. During their live W.N.B.A. games for the next three dominate the market for sports rights p.m. x-Saturday, May 6: Rangers at Ottawa, TBD
Central W L Pct GB
x-Tuesday, May 9: Toronto at Cleveland, x-Tuesday, May 9: Ottawa at Rangers, TBD
conversation, Borders also asked seasons,” Anthony Noto, Twitter’s and pay hundreds of millions of dollars TBD x-Thursday, May 11: Rangers at Ottawa, TBD Cleveland 14 11 .560 —
Loyd for any ideas on how to broaden chief operating officer, said in a news to televise games. Major internet com- x-Thursday, May 11: Cleveland at Toronto, Pittsburgh 2, Washington 1
TBD Thursday, April 27: Pittsburgh 3, Washington Chicago 13 11 .542 {
the game and help expand the league’s release. “The growing women’s bas- panies like Facebook and Amazon x-Sunday, May 14: Toronto at Cleveland, 2
ketball fan base will be able to turn to have the financial resources to com- TBD Saturday, April 29: Pittsburgh 6, Washington 2 Minnesota 12 11 .522 1
reach. Boston 1, Washington 0 Monday, May 1: Washington 3, Pittsburgh 2, OT
Loyd recommended that the Twitter to watch free games side by pete with traditional broadcasters, al- Sunday, April 30: Boston 123, Washington Wednesday, May 3: Washington at Detroit 13 12 .520 1
111 Pittsburgh, 7:30 p.m.
W.N.B.A. stream its games on Twitter, side with the real-time conversation.” though they have not invested much Tuesday, May 2: Washington at Boston, Saturday, May 6: Pittsburgh at Washington, Kansas City 8 16 .333 5{
as other leagues have done. The idea This is the latest sports deal for Twit- money in sports rights deals so far. 8 p.m. TBD
West W L Pct GB
Thursday, May 4: Boston at Washington, x-Monday, May 8: Washington at Pittsburgh,
struck a chord with Borders. On Mon- ter, which streams weekly out-of-mar- “It’s not clear yet how to make these 8 p.m. TBD Houston 17 9 .654 —
day night, the W.N.B.A. became the ket Major League Baseball and N.H.L. profitable in their own right, but be- Sunday, May 7: Boston at Washington,
6:30 p.m.
x-Wednesday, May 10: Pittsburgh at
Washington, TBD Los Angeles 14 13 .519 3{
first women’s professional sports games, some PGA Tour events and cause there’s a belief that it can be val- x-Wednesday, May 10: Washington at WESTERN CONFERENCE
other minor events. Boston, TBD 5{
league to sign a rights deal with Twit- ue-enhancing, I think you’re just going x-Friday, May 12: Boston at Washington,
Edmonton 2, Anaheim 1 Oakland 11 14 .440
Wednesday, April 26: Edmonton 5, Anaheim 3
ter. Twitter also streamed 10 of the to see more deals of this nature so long TBD Friday, April 28: Edmonton 2, Anaheim 1 Seattle 11 15 .423 6
x-Monday, May 15: Washington at Boston,
“I’m looking forward to calling her N.F.L.’s “Thursday Night Football” as the leagues are willing to sell those 8 p.m.
Sunday, April 30: Anaheim 6, Edmonton 3
Wednesday, May 3: Anaheim at Edmonton,
Texas 11 15 .423 6
and telling her that you made a sug- games last season, but Amazon outbid rights separately,” said Brian Wieser, WESTERN CONFERENCE 10 p.m. MONDAY
an analyst at Pivotal Research Group. Houston vs. San Antonio Friday, May 5: Edmonton at Anaheim, 10:30
gestion, I heard it, we listened and we Twitter for this season’s digital pack- Monday, May 1: Houston at San Antonio p.m. Toronto 7, Yankees 1
now have a deal with Twitter,” Borders age. Amazon will air 10 Thursday night He added, “It’s one of those things Wednesday, May 3: Houston at San x-Sunday, May 7: Anaheim at Edmonton, Baltimore 5, Boston 2
Antonio, 9:30 p.m. TBD
said on Monday afternoon. games on its Amazon Prime service, where it’s worth putting some money Friday, May 5: San Antonio at Houston, x-Wednesday, May 10: Edmonton at
Detroit 7, Cleveland 1
for which customers pay $99 per year. into because they may want to go big- 9:30 p.m. Anaheim, TBD Tampa Bay 4, Miami 2
The announcement of the three- Sunday, May 7: San Antonio at Houston, Nashville 2, St. Louis 1 Kansas City 6, Chicago White Sox 1
year deal coincided with Twitter’s pre- The N.F.L. deal is Amazon’s first foray ger.” 8 p.m. Wednesday, April 26: Nashville 4, St. Louis 3
Houston 6, Texas 2
sentation to advertising buyers on into sports rights. Still, deals with internet and social x-Tuesday, May 9: Houston at San Antonio, Friday, April 28: St. Louis 3, Nashville 2
TBA Sunday, April 30: Nashiville 3, St. Louis 1 TUESDAY
Monday night at Digital Content Facebook also recently struck deals media companies are a way for x-Thursday, May 11: San Antonio at Tuesday, May 2: St. Louis at Nashville, 9:30
Toronto (Latos 0-0) at Yankees
Houston, TBA p.m.
NewFronts, an industry conference in to stream live sporting events. During smaller leagues like the W.N.B.A. to x-Sunday, May 14: Houston at San Antonio, Friday, May 5: Nashville at St. Louis, 8 p.m. (Tanaka 3-1), 7:05
New York. Twitter will stream 20 regu- the 2016-17 season, the N.B.A.’s Devel- add revenue and experiment with new TBA x-Sunday, May 7: St. Louis at Nashville, TBD Baltimore (Asher 1-0) at Boston
Golden State vs. Utah x-Tuesday, May 9: Nashville at St. Louis, TBD (Sale 1-2), 7:10
lar-season games in each of the next opment League games were streamed ways to show their games. In 2016, the Tuesday, May 2: Utah at Golden State,
on Facebook Live. In March, Facebook Cleveland (Kluber 3-1) at Detroit
three seasons, starting with the game W.N.B.A. streamed the ring ceremony 10:30 p.m.
(Verlander 1-2), 7:10
between the Dallas Wings and the and Major League Soccer announced for the Minnesota Lynx on Facebook.
Thursday, May 4: Utah at Golden State,
10:30 p.m.
TENNIS
Tampa Bay (Cobb 1-2) at Miami
that at least 22 games in the 2017 sea- Saturday, May 6: Golden State at Utah,
Phoenix Mercury on May 14. “If folks can’t be physically in a mar- 8:30 p.m. ESTORIL OPEN (Volquez 0-3), 7:10
The games are exclusive to Twitter son would be available on Facebook. ket inside an arena, then we look for Monday, May 8: Golden State at Utah, 9 Oakland (Gray 0-0) at Minnesota
p.m. Estadio Nacional (Santana 4-0), 8:10
and are not simulcasts of local or na- “Sports are inherently social, with them to use tools like Twitter to enjoy x-Wednesday, May 10: Utah at Golden OEIRAS, PORTUGAL
Texas (Hamels 2-0) at Houston (Fi-
tional television games. Twitter is pay- the power to build and connect com- the games,” Borders said. “Folks have State, TBD Singles
First Round ers 0-1), 8:10
x-Friday, May 12: Golden State at Utah,
ing the W.N.B.A. guaranteed money to munities around the world,” Dan Reed, their choice of when they want to see TBD Tommy Robredo, Spain, d. Evgeny Chicago White Sox (Quintana 1-4) at
Facebook’s head of global sports part- x-Sunday, May 14: Utah at Golden State, Donskoy, Russia, 6-3, 6-2. Gastao Elias,
stream the games, but the league games and how they want to see TBD Portugal, d. Malek Jaziri, Tunisia, 6-4, 3-6, Kansas City (Duffy 2-1), 8:15
would not release the financial details. nerships, said in a statement. “This games. This is a real nod to the future, 6-3. Kevin Anderson, South Africa, d. L.A. Angels (Shoemaker 1-1) at
Salvatore Caruso, Italy, 6-2, 6-3. Frederico Seattle (Paxton 3-0), 10:10
The W.N.B.A. also has a national tele- aligns closely with our mission, and we on recognizing that some of our fans N.B.A. PLAYOFF LEADERS Ferreira Silva, Portugal, d. Denis Istomin,
vision deal with ESPN that runs feel Facebook is a natural home for are consuming sports in very different Uzbekistan, 6-2, 6-2. N.L. STANDINGS
Doubles
through 2022 and includes 16 games sports content, including live games. ways.” Scoring
First Round East W L Pct GB
G FG FT PTS AVG
Westbrook, OKC. . .5 59 56 187 37.4 Ryan Harrison, United States, and
Michael Venus, Australia, d. Sam Groth, Washington 17 8 .680 —
Harden, HOU . . . . .5 44 66 166 33.2
James, CLE . . . . . .4 50 22 131 32.8 Australia, and Robert Lindstedt (1), United
States, 6-3, 5-7, 10-4. Carlos Berlocq, Philadelphia 11 12 .478 5
Leonard, SAN . . . .6 57 59 187 31.2
Argentina, and Sergio Galdos, Peru, d.
Curry, GOL . . . . . .4 37 26 119 29.8
Ernesto Escobedo, United States, and Miami 11 13 .458 5{
Wall, WAS . . . . . . .7 72 43 197 28.1
George, IND . . . . .4 34 26 112 28.0 Fabricio Neis, Brazil, 6-0, 7-6 (6). Nicolas Mets 11 14 .440 6
Lillard, POR . . . . . .4 39 24 111 27.8 Almagro and Guillermo Garcia-Lopez,
Beal, WAS . . . . . . .7 69 26 182 26.0 Spain, d. Kyle Edmund, Britain, and Joao Atlanta 10 14 .417 6{
Paul, LAC . . . . . . .7 67 29 177 25.3 Sousa, Portugal, 6-7 (1), 7-6 (8), 13-11.
Irving, CLE . . . . . .4 39 16 101 25.2 Central W L Pct GB
Antetokounmpo, MIL 6 60 25 149 24.8 BMW OPEN Chicago 13 11 .542 —
Conley, MEM . . . . .6 50 31 148 24.7
Schroder, ATL . . . .6 50 31 148 24.7 Monday
At MTTC Iphitos Milwaukee 13 13 .500 1
Thomas, BOS . . . .7 54 49 171 24.4
Millsap, ATL. . . . . .6 50 43 146 24.3 Munich Cincinnati 12 13 .480 1{
Hayward, UTA . . . .7 53 43 166 23.7 Singles
DeRozan, TOR . . . .6 47 46 141 23.5 First Round St. Louis 12 13 .480 1{
Butler, CHI . . . . . .6 46 38 136 22.7 Jan-Lennard Struff (7), Germany, d.
McCollum, POR . . .4 32 15 90 22.5 Daniel Masur, Germany, 6-3, 6-4. Tommy Pittsburgh 11 14 .440 2{
Gasol, MEM. . . . . .6 39 31 116 19.3 Haas, Germany, d. Sergiy Stakhovsky,
Williams, HOU . . . .5 32 21 94 18.8 Ukraine, 1-6, 6-3, 6-4. Thomaz Bellucci (8), West W L Pct GB
Brazil, d. Mikhail Kukushkin, Kazakhstan,
6-3, 6-2. Yannick Hanfmann, Germany, d. Colorado 16 10 .615 —
Gerald Melzer, Austria, 6-4, 5-7, 6-1.
GOLF Doubles Arizona 16 11 .593 {
First Round
Los Angeles 14 12 .538 2
ZURICH CLASSIC Fabio Fognini and Andreas Seppi, Italy,
d. Matthias Bachinger and Maximilian San Diego 11 16 .407 5{
TPC Louisiana Marterer, Germany, 6-2, 6-3.
AVONDALE, LA. San Francisco 9 17 .346 7
Purse: $7.1 million ISTANBUL OPEN
Yardage: 7,425; Par 72 MONDAY
Final Koza World of Sports Mets 7, Atlanta 5
(x-won on the fourth playoff hole) ISTANBUL
x-Blixt/Smith $1,022,400 . . . . 67-62-68-64—261 -27 Singles Cincinnati 4, Pittsburgh 3, 10 innings
Kisner/Brown $411,800 . . . . 70-64-67-60—261 -27 First Round Tampa Bay 4, Miami 2
Kraft/Tway $269,800 . . . . . . 71-63-70-61—265 -23 Jiri Vesely, Czech Republic, d. Marcel Milwaukee 7, St. Louis 5, 10 innings
Spieth/Palmer $228,975 . . . . 66-66-70-64—266 -22 Granollers, Spain, 7-5, 2-6, 6-4. Steve
Dufner/Kizzire $140,225 . . . . 69-64-73-63—269 -19 Darcis (8), Belgium, d. Dudi Sela, Israel, Philadelphia at Chicago Cubs
B. Koepka/C. Koepka $140,225 69-65-73-62—269 -19 7-5, 6-4. Jordan Thompson, Australia, d. San Francisco at L.A. Dodgers
Watson/Holmes $140,225 . . . .73-64-68-64—269 -19 Adrian Menendez-Maceiras, Spain, 6-7 (4),
Cabrera/Etulain $140,225 . . . . .70-63-71-65—269 -19 6-0, 6-0. Mikhail Youzhny, Russia, d. Cem TUESDAY
Thomas/Cauley $140,225 . . . . .70-64-74-61—269 -19 Ilkel, Turkey, 3-6, 6-3, 6-3. Rogerio Dutra Mets (Harvey 2-1) at Atlanta (Dickey
C. Hoffman/Watney $140,225 . .67-65-69-68—269 -19 Silva, Brazil, d. Riccardo Bellotti, Italy, 3-6, 2-2), 7:35
Schauffele/Ridings $71,000 . . . .68-64-73-65—270 -18 7-6 (1), 6-0. Bernard Tomic (6), Australia,
Murray/Percy $71,000 . . . . . . .70-67-71-62—270 -18 d. Radu Albot, Moldova, 5-7, 7-5, 6-3. Arizona (Walker 3-1) at Washington
Stuard/Stroud $71,000 . . . . . . .68-64-71-67—270 -18 (Roark 3-0), 7:05
Lingmerth/Lee $40,026 . . . . . . .72-62-72-65—271 -17
Stricker/Kelly $40,026 . . . . . . . .68-66-72-65—271 -17 PRAGUE OPEN Pittsburgh (Glasnow 0-1) at Cincin-
Reed/Cantlay $40,026 . . . . . . .68-62-75-66—271 -17 nati (Feldman 1-2), 7:10
TK Sparta Praha
Harman/Wagner $40,026 . . . . .71-64-72-64—271 -17 PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC Tampa Bay (Cobb 1-2) at Miami
Van Aswegen/Goosen $40,026 73-60-72-66—271 -17 Singles (Volquez 0-3), 7:10
Jacobson/Wilcox $40,026 . . . . .71-63-73-64—271 -17 First Round
CHARLES L e CLAIRE/USA TODAY SPORTS, VIA REUTERS M. Hoffmann/Villegas $40,026 .72-62-71-66—271 -17 Philadelphia (Hellickson 4-0) at
Marketa Vondrousova, Czech Republic,
Thompson/Wilkinson $40,026 . .71-66-68-66—271 -17 d. Carina Witthoeft, Germany, 6-7 (6), Chicago Cubs (Lester 0-1), 8:05
The Capitals’ Alex Ovechkin, left, and Kevin Shattenkirk after Shattenkirk’s winning goal in overtime. Barnes/Jones $24,140 . . . . . . .70-67-70-65—272 -16 7-5, 6-2. Camila Giorgi, Italy, d. Karolina Milwaukee (Peralta 4-1) at St. Louis
Hearn/DeLaet $24,140 . . . . . . .71-66-72-63—272 -16 Pliskova (1), Czech Republic, 7-6 (6), 6-2.
Grace/Oosthuizen $17,665 . . . .70-67-70-66—273 -15 (Martinez 0-3), 8:15
Oceane Dodin, France, d. Annika Beck,
Henry/Hoge $17,665 . . . . . . . .69-67-71-66—273 -15 Germany, 7-5, 6-4. Wang Qiang, China, d. Colorado (Chatwood 2-3) at San
HOCKEY Merritt/Streb $17,665 . . . . . . . .69-62-74-68—273 -15 Maria Sakkari, Greece, 6-1, 4-6, 6-2. Diego (Cahill 1-2), 10:10
Cejka/Kjeldsen $17,665 . . . . . .70-62-75-66—273 -15 Doubles
Choi/Wi $17,665 . . . . . . . . . . . .67-64-76-66—273 -15 San Francisco (Moore 1-3) at L.A.
First Round

Crosby Injured as Penguins Lose to Capitals

Bryan/Blaum $15,691 . . . . . . . .71-65-71-67—274 -14 Dodgers (Wood 1-0), 10:10
Asia Muhammad, United States, and
Stanley/Ruffels $15,691 . . . . . .66-66-77-65—274 -14 Alicja Rosolska (4), Poland, d. Viktorija
Reifers/Johnston $15,691 . . . . .71-66-73-64—274 -14
Ogilvy/Poulter $14,697 . . . . . . .69-66-71-69—275 -13
Golubic, Switzerland, and Kristyna METS 7, BRAVES 5
Pliskova, Czech Republic, 4-6, 6-4, 10-
Bozzelli/Poston $14,697 . . . . . .70-66-73-66—275 -13 6. Xenia Knoll, Switzerland, and Demi New York ab r h bi bb so avg.
Swafford/English $14,697 . . . . .70-67-73-65—275 -13 Schuurs, Netherlands, d. Danka Kovinic, Conforto lf 4 1 2 3 1 1 .333
Kevin Shattenkirk scored 3 minutes 13 seconds into younger,” Can said. “That is the best goal I’ve ever scored.” Matsuyama/Tanihara $14,697 . .69-66-75-65—275 -13 Montenegro, Magda Linette, Poland, 6-4, Cabrera ss 3 1 1 0 1 0 .247
M. Kim/Hagy $13,987 . . . . . . .72-64-71-69—276 -12 Bruce rf 5 1 1 0 0 2 .287
overtime and the visiting Washington Capitals overcame a The league rivals Manchester City, Manchester United Made cut did not finish
6-7 (2), 10-4. Lucie Hradecka, Czech
Walker 2b 3 1 1 1 1 0 .200
Republic, and Katerina Siniakova (1),
late collapse in regulation to beat the Pittsburgh Penguins, and Arsenal dropped points in the race for a top-four posi- Flores/Fdez-Castano $13,561 . . . .72-65-74—211 -5 Czech Republic, d. Natela Dzalamidze and Granderson cf 3 1 0 0 1 2 .124
Martin/Crane $13,561 . . . . . . . . . .67-67-77—211 -5 Reed p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
3-2, on Monday night in Game 3 of an Eastern Conference tion, so a win was vital for Liverpool, which has struggled Schniederjans/Werenski $12,851 . .70-67-76—213 -3
Veronika Kudermetova, Russia, 6-4, 6-3.
Familia p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
semifinal. against teams in the bottom half. The Reds moved 4 points Reavie/Glover $12,851 . . . . . . . . .69-68-76—213
Loupe/Peterson $12,851 . . . . . . .71-64-78—213
-3
-3
Reyes 3b 4 1 1 2 0 0 .178
d’Arnaud c 3 1 0 0 1 0 .214
Pittsburgh, the defending champion, has a two-games- ahead of fifth-place United, though they have played an ex- Hubbard/Randolph $12,283 . . . . .69-67-78—214 -2 TRANSACTIONS Rivera 1b 4 0 1 1 0 0 .207
to-one lead in the series. Game 4 is scheduled for Wednes- tra game. Gsellman p 3 0 0 0 0 2 .111
M.L.B. Edgin p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
day night in Pittsburgh. “Everything is in our hands,” Can said. SOCCER Robles p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
American League Blevins p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
The Penguins played most of the game without their
M.L.S. STANDINGS YANKEES — Recalled RHP Luis Cessa from Lagares cf 1 0 1 0 0 0 .167
star and captain, Sidney Crosby, who left in the first period Scranton/Wilkes-Barre (IL). Optioned RHP Totals 33 7 8 7 5 7
BAS EBALL EAST W L T Pts GF GA Bryan Mitchell to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. Atlanta ab r h bi bb so avg.
after taking a hit to the head from Capitals defenseman Orlando City 6 1 0 18 10 5 TORONTO BLUE JAYS — Placed RHP Aaron Inciarte cf 4 1 2 1 1 1 .240
Matt Niskanen. Red Bulls 5 3 1 16 11 10 Sanchez on the 10-day DL. Recalled RHP Phillips 2b 4 0 0 0 0 0 .338
Washington appeared to be in control thanks to goals Machado Powers Orioles Past Red Sox New York City FC 4
Columbus 4
3
4
1 13 14
1 13 13 13
9 Danny Barnes from Buffalo (IL).
National League
Freeman 1b
Kemp lf
3
4
2
2
1
3
0 0 1 .379
0 0 0 .350
by Nicklas Backstrom and Evgeny Kuznetzov. The lead Toronto FC 3 1 4 13 12 7 METS — Placed RHP Noah Syndergaard on Markakis rf 4 0 0 2 0 1 .297
Manny Machado hit a long home run out of Fenway Atlanta United FC 3 3 2 11 18 11 the 10-day DL. Recalled RHP Paul Sewald Garcia 3b 3 0 1 2 0 0 .226
vanished in the final two minutes of the third when Evgeni Park, drove in two runs and made three solid plays at third Chicago 3 3 2 11 11 12 from Las Vegas (PCL). Flowers c 4 0 1 0 0 1 .380
D.C. United 3 3 2 11 9 13 PITTSBURGH PIRATES — Recalled C Elias Swanson ss 3 0 0 0 1 1 .151
Malkin and Justin Schultz scored in a 48-second span to base in his first game against Boston since a dust-up with New England 2 3 4 10 14 14 Diaz from Indianapolis (IL). Optioned C John Teheran p 2 0 0 0 0 0 .167
force overtime. the Red Sox just over a week ago, carrying the Baltimore Montreal 1 3 4 7 11 14 Bormann to Bradenton (FSL). Adams ph 1 0 0 0 0 0 .250
Philadelphia 0 4 4 4 8 14 Krol p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
Braden Holtby stopped 28 shots for Washington after Orioles to a 5-2 victory. Vizcaino p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ---
N.B.A.
having been pulled in his previous start. Marc-Andre Caleb Joseph added a run-scoring double for the Ori- WEST W L T Pts GF GA Motte p
Peterson ph
0
1
0
0
0
1
0 0 0
0 0 0 .269
---
Portland 5 2 2 17 20 12 INDIANA PACERS — Announced the
Fleury finished with 30 saves for Pittsburgh. oles, who beat Boston for the fourth time in six games this Kansas City 4 1 3 15 9 3 resignation of president Larry Bird. Totals 33 5 9 5 2 5
The game was scoreless just over five minutes into the season. FC Dallas 4 0 3 15 10 5 New York 100 500 010—7 8 1
Houston 4 3 1 13 15 13 Atlanta 100 202 000—5 9 1
first period when Crosby skated outside the Capitals’ In the teams’ last meeting at Camden Yards, reliever San Jose 3 3 3 12 9 10 N.F.L.
Vancouver 3 4 1 10 11 14 E—Cabrera (3), Teheran (1). LOB—New
crease. Washington’s Alex Ovechkin slashed Crosby along Matt Barnes sent a pitch behind Machado’s head that hit Seattle 2 2 4 10 14 11 ATLANTA FALCONS — Agreed to terms S York 5, Atlanta 5. 2B—Bruce (6), Lagares (1),
the upper body, and Crosby slid awkwardly trying to main- Real Salt Lake 2 5 2 8 9 15 Quincy Mauger, LB Darius English, G Robert Freeman (7), Kemp 2 (7). HR—Conforto (7),
his bat. Barnes was suspended four games and fined. Ma- Minnesota United 2 5 2 8 13 25 Leff, WRs Deante Burton Reginald Davis III, off Teheran; Reyes (3), off Krol; Inciarte (5),
tain his balance when he collided with Niskanen, who had chado had angered the Red Sox with a late slide into second Los Angeles 2 5 1 7 8 13 Josh Magee, QB Alek Torgersen, FB Tyler off Gsellman. RBIs—Conforto 3 (16), Walker
(11), Reyes 2 (5), Rivera (1), Inciarte (12),
his stick raised. baseman Dustin Pedroia’s left leg two days earlier. Colorado 1 5 1 4 5 11 Renew, OL Daniel Brunskill, T Wil Freeman, C
Cam Keizur, T Andreas Knappe, S Marcelis Markakis 2 (12), Garcia 2 (9). CS—Cabrera
NOTE: Three points for victory, one point
The stick caught Crosby flush across the mouth, and he In Monday’s game, Machado hit a hanging slider on the for tie. Branch, CB Jarnor Jones, DE J’terius Jones, (1). SF—Garcia. DP—New York 2; Atlanta 1
S Jordan Moore, DE Chris Odom, CB Taylor New York ip h r er bb so np era
lay on the ice for several moments before slowly skating off inner half of the plate over the Green Monster seats, Saturday’s Games
Reynolds, LB Christian Tago and S Deron GsellmanW1-2 5 6 5 5 1 0 77 6.75
Red Bulls 2, Chicago 1
the ice under his own power as Pittsburgh trainers making it 2-0 in the sixth inning. He was loudly booed. New York City FC 3, Columbus 2
Washington. EdginH1 Í/¯ 0 0 0 0 0 2 2.61
BUFFALO BILLS — Signed CB Shareece RoblesH4 Î/¯ 1 0 0 1 0 12 1.76
searched the ice for Crosby’s teeth. Vancouver 2, Montreal 1
Wright. BlevinsH4 1 0 0 0 0 2 15 0.90
ASTROS 6, RANGERS 2 Jose Altuve, Carlos Correa and Yuli Orlando City 2, Colorado 0 ReedH2 1 1 0 0 0 2 12 3.86
Niskanen, who played four seasons in Pittsburgh with Portland 2, FC Dallas 2, tie
CHICAGO BEARS — Signed G Taylor
Crosby before signing with Washington in 2014, earned a Gurriel each hit run-scoring doubles in a five-run seventh San Jose 1, Minnesota United 0
Boggs. Waived RB Bralon Addison, WR Dres FamiliaS2-2
Atlanta
1 1 0 0 0 1 13 1.50
ip h r er bb so np era
Anderson, CB De’Vante Bausby, RB David
major penalty for crosschecking and was given a game inning that lifted host Houston to a win over Texas in a Sporting Kansas City 3, Real Salt Lake 0
Cobb, CB Jacoby Glenn and TE Justin TeheranL2-2 6 6 6 6 3 5 83 4.33
New England 3, Seattle 3, tie Krol 1Î/¯ 1 1 1 1 2 29 9.31
misconduct. game that included a benches-clearing tussle. Philadelphia 0, Los Angeles 0, tie
Perillo.
Vizcaino Í/¯ 0 0 0 0 0 2 4.35
GREEN BAY PACKERS — Released RBs Don
Sunday's Game Motte 1 1 0 0 1 0 18 9.00
TIGERS 7, INDIANS 1 Tyler Collins hit a three-run homer and Jackson and Christine Michael.
HART TROPHY FINALISTS NAMED Sidney Crosby, the Edmonton D.C. United 3, Atlanta United FC 1 INDIANAPOLIS COLTS — Released LS Matt T—3:00. A—21,668 (41,500).
Oilers captain Connor McDavid and Columbus Blue Jack- Daniel Norris gave up only one run as host Detroit opened Wednesday's Games Overton and S Duke Williams. Waived LBs
a series against first-place Cleveland with a victory. Red Bulls at Sporting Kansas City, 8:30 Alex Bazzie and Deon King; P Devon Bell; BLUE JAYS 7, YANKEES 1
ets goaltender Sergei Bobrovsky are finalists for the p.m. LS Joe Fortunato; CBs Charles James and
Orlando City at Toronto FC, 7:30 p.m. Larry Scott; S Stefan McClure; and WR Devin Toronto ab r h bi bb so avg.
N.H.L.’s Hart Trophy, given annually to the league’s most REDS 4, PIRATES 3 Billy Hamilton, who stole three bases, hit a Street. Pillar cf 4 0 1 0 1 1 .299
valuable player. Crosby, of the Penguins, is a two-time Hart run-scoring double in the 10th inning to lift host Cincinnati JACKSONVILLE JAGUARS — Exercised the Carrera lf 4 1 1 0 0 0 .309
ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE fifth-year option on QB Blake Bortles. Agreed Bautista rf 4 1 2 2 1 2 .191
Trophy winner, taking the award home in 2008 and 2014. He to a win over Pittsburgh. The Reds have consecutive wins to terms with LB P.J. Davis, TE Caleb Bluiett, Morales dh 5 0 2 0 0 0 .235
Team GP W D L GF GA Pts
led the N.H.L. with 44 goals this season while helping the for the first time since completing a four-game winning Chelsea . . . . . 34 26 3 5 72 29 81
WR Keelan Cole, C Parker Collins, RB Tim Smoak 1b
Travis 2b
4 1 1 0 0 0 .272
4 2 2 0 0 0 .148
Cook, DE Hunter Dimick, WR Amba Etta-
defending Stanley Cup champions post the second-best streak on April 12. Tottenham. . . . 34 23 8 3 71 22 77 Tawo, G Avery Gennesy, LB Justin Horton, Goins ss 3 1 1 4 0 0 .208
Liverpool . . . . . 35 20 9 6 71 42 69 DT Tueni Lupeamanu, S Charlie Miller, DE Maile c 3 0 0 0 1 0 .000
record in the league. RAYS 4, MARLINS 2 Jake Odorizzi returned from the disabled Manchester City 34 19 9 6 65 37 66 Carroll Phillips, CB Ezra Robinson, WR Coghlan 3b 4 1 2 1 0 1 .250
McDavid won the scoring title, posting a league-high Man.United . . . 34 17 14 3 51 25 65 Kenneth Walker, CB Jeremy Cutrer and RB Barney 3b 0 0 0 0 0 0 .292
list to combine with four relievers on a four-hitter and help Arsenal . . . . . . 33 18 6 9 64 42 60 I’Tavius Mathers. Released TE E.J. Bibbs, Totals 35 7 12 7 3 4
100 points behind 30 goals and 70 assists as the Oilers visiting Tampa Bay beat Miami. Everton. . . . . . 35 16 10 9 60 40 58 RB Bronson Hill, OL Colin Kelly, LB Raphael New York ab r h bi bb so avg.
West Bromwich 34 12 8 14 39 43 44
reached the postseason for the first time in 11 years. Bo- Southampton . . 33 11 8 14 39 44 41
Kirby, LB Sean Porter, RB Daryl Richardson, Gardner lf 4 0 1 0 0 1 .208
ROYALS 6, WHITE SOX 1 Eric Hosmer and Jorge Bonifacio hit TE Gannon Sinclair, S Elijah Shumate, OL Gregorius ss 4 0 0 0 0 2 .368
brovsky led the N.H.L. in both goals against (2.06) and save Bournemouth . . 35 11 8 16 50 63 41 Arturo Uzdavinis, OL Greg Van Roten and Holliday dh 4 0 0 0 0 2 .246
percentage (.931) as the Blue Jackets enjoyed the best sea- two-run homers, and host Kansas City ended a nine-game Leicester. . . . . 34 11 7 16 42 54 40 WR Tony Washington. Castro 2b 4 1 2 0 0 0 .358
Stoke . . . . . . . 35 10 10 15 37 50 40 Ellsbury cf 2 0 1 0 1 0 .282
son in franchise history. losing streak with a victory over Chicago. Watford . . . . . 34 11 7 16 37 55 40
MIAMI DOLPHINS — Exercised a fifth-year
option on OT Ja’Wuan James for 2018. Judge rf 4 0 1 1 0 1 .300
Burnley . . . . . . 35 11 6 18 35 49 39 MINNESOTA VIKINGS — Exercised the fifth- Bird 1b 4 0 0 0 0 1 .100
West Ham . . . . 35 10 9 16 44 59 39 year option on LB Anthony Barr. Agreed to Romine c 3 0 1 0 0 0 .315
Crystal Palace . 35 11 5 19 46 56 38 terms with DE Tashawn Bower, DT Dylan Hicks ph 1 0 0 0 0 0 .289
SOCCER G O LF Hull . . . . . . . . 35 9 7 19 36 67 34 Torreyes 3b 4 0 1 0 0 0 .310
Bradley, OT Aviante Collins, OT Nick Fett,
Swansea. . . . . 35 9 5 21 40 69 32 DE Caleb Kidder, QB Wes Lunt, DE Sam Totals 34 1 7 1 1 7
Middlesbrough . 35 5 13 17 26 45 28
Liverpool Boosts Champions League Bid Smith-Blixt Team Prevails in Playoff Sunderland . . . 34 5 6 23 26 60 21
McCaskill, RB Terrell Newby, TE Josiah Price,
CB Horace Richardson, WR R.J. Shelton, LB
Toronto
New York
020
000
003 200—7 12 2
100 000—1 7 0
Shaan Washington and LB Eric Wilson. E—Maile (1), Barney (3). LOB—Toronto 6,
The team of Cameron Smith and Jonas Blixt won the Saturday's Games GIANTS — Waived QB Keith Wenning and
Liverpool improved its bid to secure a Champions Stoke 0, West Ham 0 RB George Winn.
New York 8. 2B—Travis (3). HR—Goins
League spot by winning at Watford, 1-0, in a largely forget- Zurich Classic on the fourth playoff hole, capturing a new- Leicester 1, West Bromwich 0 PITTSBURGH STEELERS — Released QB
(2), off Severino; Coghlan (1), off Severino;
Bournemouth 1, Sunderland 0 Bautista (2), off Cessa. RBIs—Bautista 2 (9),
table Premier League match. Only Emre Can made this one format tournament in Avondale, La., that had been held Southampton 0, Hull 0
Zach Mettenberger. Goins 4 (8), Coghlan (2), Judge (21). SB—
SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS — Exercised the Pillar (3), Ellsbury (7). SF—Goins. S—Carrera.
memorable, by meeting a Lucas Leiva cross with a bicycle- over a day because of darkness. Burnley 2, Crystal Palace 0 fifth-year option on DB Jimmie Ward. DP—Toronto 1; New York 1
Smith, an Australian, hit his approach shot within a Sunday's Games Toronto ip h r er bb so np era
kick score in first-half stoppage time. Manchester United 1, Swansea 1 N.H.L. EstradaW1-1 7 7 1 1 0 5 102 2.43
“I have never scored a goal like that, maybe when I was couple of feet of the pin, and he sank a birdie putt on the Middlesbrough 2, Manchester City 2 Barnes 2 0 0 0 1 2 42 0.00
Chelsea 3, Everton 0
par-5 18th hole to give himself and his Swedish teammate Tottenham 2, Arsenal 0
CALGARY FLAMES — Signed general manager New York ip h r er bb so np era
Brad Treliving to a multiyear contract extension. SeverinoL2-2 5Î/¯ 8 5 5 2 3 105 3.86
the victory. Smith and Blixt could have won it on earlier Monday's Game WASHINGTON CAPITALS — Recalled F Cessa 3Í/¯ 4 2 2 1 1 55 5.40
All news by The Associated Press unless noted. playoff holes but missed short birdie putts. Liverpool 1, Watford 0 Chandler Stephenson from Hershey (AHL). T—2:58. A—25,566 (49,642).
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N B13

'HDWKV 'HDWKV 'HDWKV 'HDWKV



6hUN \. OO4S/ iy
LO%4ip/ iWO W%QS/ 4O4S
ON4/ J4iwWW1
+W%/ Wi44S 4ij/
Q4j



6hx oQoUQ. 
6uK0 \. 44.
Wii30 vx KQ 3v UhM JLNW=jNy/ t44SL4 4SLJS/ wi4S+4 4Lpz/ tQS4i
Kox UQ
WhKN rS. rzVk\ 3 vi 4+N4i/ SS4 +J4LS=4O1/ L1S4y wSC4i/
4iWQ4
 NUxN Q0 NUuKQB Isi$Q0.
<oI3h. *UNN3Bs3. <hK3Q0 Q0 W%%LSj/ vL1 LSSWpp/ iy
 ohs3 WhoQ3h oU IKi <hK3Q0i o
Q%WSL/ LiW p4LSJip/ OLSWi
oo3hiUQ 3NMQW 3$$ Q0
xN3h\ 3 vi  iW3M3h U<
ohsoI oU soIUhKox. 03<3Q03h U< 

 YUIQZ6NKQUh 
6sPQ3h
NUx0.
oI3 PhBKQNKy30.  PQ U< KuKQ. vK0Uv U<
3UQ UIQ. U< h3iiMKNN Wii30 vx UQ
hh3 *NhKox U< oIUsBIo. Q0  0K30 o IUP3 UQ
WhKN l. rzVk\
WhKN pz. rzVk\ 3NUu30 iUQ U<
<3hU*KUsi 0uU*o3 <Uh IKi I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x h3NoKu3i hs*3
NUx0 Q0
KNNKQ YQ33
*NK3Qoi\
00KoKUQNNx. I3 NUu30 Q0 *I3hKiI30 <hK3Q0i Q3h *UQZ\ 3h $hUoI3h U<
oI3 U*3Q Q0 vi Q uK0 Q0 <h\ I3 vi $UhQ x rz. h3Q0Q
NUx0\ 3WI3v U<
Uso0UUhiPQ. iMK3h. hsQQ3h. VSrl KQ hK0B3WUho. \
i Q 3o3h Q0 hoI siiM.
Q0 QoshNKio\ 3 vi NiU 
QoKU*I Bh0so3. NKQUh 3hQh0 Q0 KQ3 *UQ.
WiiKUQo3 UvQ3h U< 0UBi. PUu30 oU K0oUvQ QIoJ P3N Q0
NQ Uh0UQ Q0
vIU NiU v3h3 03uUo30 oU oQ vI3h3 iI3 NKu30 Q0
UhK I$oK\ UsiKQ U< hKiox.
Q33 UIUuK*. Wii30 vx
W3*3<sNNx UQ
WhKN r4. rzVk KQ
GERRY GOODSTEIN
3v UhM Kox\ I3 vi 44
Jonathan Hadary, left, and Jonathan Hogan in William M. x3hi UN0\ hx vi $UhQ UQ
Uu3P$3h V. VSr4 KQ hK0B3J
Hoffman’s “As Is,” a pioneering play about AIDS. WUho. . oo3Q030 hh3Q
h0KQB KBI *IUUN Q0 I3
0K30 W3*3<sNNx UQ
WhKN rk.
IKP\ 3 Ki Wh303*3i30 $x IKi vUhM30 <Uh PQx x3hi\ I3 UshoQ3x. sioKQ. QK3NN3.
rzVk o h3i*Uoo Usi3 KQ
iKio3h hBh3o Y3BBxZ vi Q 0PKQKiohoUh <Uh  uK0 Q0 K*UN3\
NiU ishJ
UhoI
Q0Uu3h. ii J
3NNi U$$KQi. Q0 ishuKu30 *MB3 03iKBQ *UPWQx sQJ uKu30 $x PQx NUuKQB <hK3Q0i.
*Isi3ooi\ hUN vi $UhQ KQ
$x IKi vK<3. hK3 h*3NN oKN iI3 h3oKh30\ I3 3QLUx30 Q0 IKi $3NUu30 3iN3x\ sPJ
UioUQ KQ VSrk Q0 hKi30 KQ
KQBIP. IKi *IKN0h3Q uK0
h\ Y03NKZ. hUN Bx
P$hK0B3\ WUQ Bh0soKQB PQx ohKWi $hU0 oU shUW3 Q3h vi  Bh0so3 U< oI3
<hUP PPQs3N UNN3B3. J Q0 oI3 hK3Qo\
<o3h PUuKQB QKu3hiKox U< Q hQ*Ki*U
YUIQZ. Q0 P3i Y3$UhJ
IZ. IKi BhQ0*IKN0h3Q 3iiK*
hUN PUu30 oU 3v UhM Kox\ Q3h 3QohN hM iI3 *I3hJ vKoI  *I3NUhgi U< siKQ3ii
I3 vUhM30 i Q 3w3*soKu3 KiI30 NUUMKQB Uso oI3 vKQ0Uv
0PKQKiohoKUQ 3Bh33.
h3Q
William M. Hoffman,
UhKNNh0 U$**U KQ
0 3NNi
Playwright, Dies at 78

hPx *UP$o WKNUo.
0.  VSV4 Bh0so3 U<
By SAM ROBERTS
William M. Hoffman, whose ep-
ih3N U< oI3 Kox U<
ochal play “As Is” was in the van-
guard of Broadway’s coming to
grips with the AIDS epidemic and
who wrote the groundbreaking li-
bretto for John Corigliano’s opera
MQ3v I3h\
his drama to court the ghost of
Marie Antoinette.
“To me, the opera is primarily a
love story, but it is also about the
French Revolution, the nature of
revolution in general, the nature
of love, and the nature of time,”
3v QBNQ0 UQi3huoUhx
U< siK*. PLUhKQB KQ UK*3\

i hx oQoUQ. iI3 3QJ
LUx30  03*03 U< W3h<UhPKQB
UQ hU0vx KQ i3u3Q iIUvi.
KQ*Ns0KQB oI3 UhKBKQN *UPWJ
QK3i U< bI3 LP P3c
Q0 $iM3o$NN WNx3h Q0
Q0 bQ*3 WUQ  ooh3ii\c
I3 NiU WW3h30 KQ oI3 VS>k
<KNP U< bI3 LP P3c
IKN03NWIK. 
\ sPQ3h
vKoI UhKi x Q0 UIQ
vi MQUvQ i  Bh3o <hK3Q0
Koo\ 3h PK03Q QP3. UJ
IUuK*. Ki <Uh3u3h 3QBhu30 KQ
siK*N I3oh3 KioUhx i
I3h <hK3Q0. 3UhB3
$$Uoo.
si30 Ko oU QP3  *Ih*o3h KQ
IKi PsiK*N. bPQ
QM33i\c hi\
NN3Q NiU 3QJ
LUx30  NUQB Q0 030K*o30
*h33h i Q 30s*oUh\ I3
h3*3Ku30 I3h io3hgi 3J
Bh33 KQ 0s*oKUQ <hUP Uh0J
IP QKu3hiKox Q0 osBIo o
$UoI hxPUsQo *IUUN Q0
UIN3h Yh3Q0QZ Q0 vo*IKQB oI3 WNxBhUsQ0 *oKJ vI3h3 I3 vi vh030 <Khio
iiKioQo o  uhK3ox U< *UPJ
IhN3i U$$KQi Q0 IKi uKox\ I3 P03 03h <hK3Q0i WN*3 vKQQ3h U< oI3 *
WQK3i\ I3 h3oKh30 i oI3 3wJ
QK3*3i K*IUNN3. 3NKii Q0 3u3hxvI3h3j UQ3 *UsN0 QUo siKQ3ii *IUUN oho3BK*
3*soKu3 iiKioQo oU oI3 h3iJ
$hK3NN KQBIP\ 3 vi I3NW $so 0Uh3 I3h\ I3 vi  QB3P3Qo 3QKUh WJ
K03Qo U<
$UhQ UQ
sBsio rr. VSr4 KQ u3hx iW3*KN N0x Q0 vKNN $3 ioUQ3 oho3Bx UPW3oKoKUQ\
VSSr\ I3 PUu30 <hUP I3h $3J
N3u3NQ0. IKU oU 3hQ3 iUh3Nx PKii30 $x NN vIU 3 vi NiU Q uK0 o3QQKi
NUu30. 0UWo30 *Kox KQ rzzS oU
Uio3h U$$KQi Q0
3oIs3Q. ii*Isi3ooi\ J
U$$KQi\ 3hQ3. Q 3N3*ohUJ vUhM30 i  oho3BK* KJ
hUN NUu30 oI3o3h. UW3h. WU3J
QK*i 3w3*soKu3 Q0 UhN0 QQ*3 UQisNoQo <Uh $3h KQ
ohx. Q0 3iW3*KNNx I3 3v
h
UhM KP3i\ I3 Ki ishuKu30
Q0
$x i3u3hN Q3WI3vi Q0
oI3 QKu3hiKox U< 3io KhBKJ oU NN Q0  u3hx MKQ0 Q0 NUuJ
QK3*3i\ UQoKUQi Px $3
QK. hKi30 IKP KQ Uho shUQ. KQB W3hiUQ vKoI  $KB. vUQ03hJ
P03 oU  K$3o3i 
6 3N3Q\
K*IKBQ 0shKQB oI3 h3o
3Wh3iiKUQ. vI3h3 I3 vi
UsQ0oKUQ. 3v QBNQ0 I3 <<K*3hi Q0 N3hBx U< <sN iPKN3 Q0 IWWx W3hiUQJ
NKox\ 3 vi Q uK0 b<UU0K3c
3wWUi30 oU oI3 sQ<KhQ3ii U<
IWo3h\ 3PWN3
3v UhM PUshQ oI3 WiiKQB Q0 b<KQ3 <UU0 0KQ3hc Q0
3oIQK* Q0 3*UQUPK* 0KiWhKJ
ox Q0 0Ki*hKPKQoKUQ\ 3 oJ 
6Uh33Q\ U< NUQBoKP3 P3P$3h Q0 3iJ NUu30 oU ohu3N\ KiKooKUQ o
o33P30 <UhP3h h3iK03Qo. hh3oo sQ3hN UP3. V@4
o3Q030 IKNNKWi w3o3h
*03J I3 3iIKu QKu3hiKox <PKJ
Nx PUshQi oI3 WiiKQB U< hi\ 3N3Q U$PQ\ 3 3wo3Q0 3Q h\. 3Q<Nx UQ 30J
Px Q0 N3 QKu3hiKox UQ Q
 ux i*IUNhiIKW\ 3 Uh33Q *U$ vIU vKoI I3h Ush I3ho<3No ixPWoIx oU I3h Q3i0x <hUP @J4WP\ sQ3hN
$3h3u30 <PKNx\ ii Ishi0x S-pzP o o\
oI3Q i3hu30 KQ oI3  ux No3 Isi$Q0.
N$3ho *U$.
ycN. Ki   sh0KQ\ UB3oIJ
Q0h3v U<<PQ. h3iK03Qo I3h3i3 \\ Ish*I. h3iiJ
WhUuK0KQB 0Kh3*o isWWUho oU
oI3 QKo30 oKUQi <Uh*3i KQ 3h. oI3x WhUuK030 i*IUNhiIKW uK0 \ 3N<Q0. $$K MKNN\ QoUP$P3Qo h03Q U<
3PUhK3i. iIKQBoUQ
iiKioQ*3 oIhUsBI oI3
N$3ho
“The Ghosts of Versailles,” died on
Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi.
Saturday in the Bronx. He was 78.
v. Bh0soKQB h0so3 *IUUN U< 3vKiI
The cause was cardiac arrest,
his husband, William Russell Tay-
Q0K\ 3h $shKN vi o
lor II, said.
3UQh0 UUh3 U< oI3 QKo30 
Mr. Hoffman began his career
UQB
iNQ0 h0KUNUBKio Q0
as a book editor at Hill and Wang,
U0KQ Nx. I3 $3*P3  WhoQ3h o
where he published gay and lesbi-
U0KQ. NUQB vKoI
xQQZ *U$. Q0 NNx
an playwrights in the “New Amer-
U0KQ. UNNx *UQ*3QohoKQB UQ NKoKBoKUQ\
ican Plays” series and in the 1979
anthology “Gay Plays: The First
Collection.” In doing so, he pro-
NUQ NiU *3P3QoKQB oI3 <KhPgi h3J
moted the careers of Jane Cham-
bers, Tom Eyen, Joe Orton, Robert
Patrick and Lanford Wilson,
PP.
among others.
He followed his success as a


6
vh3Q*3 W3*3<sNNx KQ NP 3*I UQ
writer by teaching, as a professor
of journalism, communication and
theater at Lehman College of the
City University of New York, and
as the host of “Conversations with
William M. Hoffman,” a regularly
Mr. Hoffman said.
Edward Rothstein wrote in The
Times that “Ghosts” brought
“camp humor, postmodern pas-
tiche, parody and effulgent tonal
h y3oKP KQ 3hsiN3P\
nostalgia to the Met.”
In 2016, “Ghosts” won Grammy
YQ0 hhK3Z *U$. K*I3N
Awards for best opera recording
and best engineered classical al-
YQ0 o3u3QZ N3*I. i v3NN
NN vIU PUshQ <Uh KUQ Q0
oIUsBIo<sN oU oI3 *Uh3\ 3
U< 3QLPKQ vQB3h.  WIhJ
I3 KBIoKQBN3 J P<Uh0
*IUUN. vI3h3 iI3 h3oKh30 KQ
VSS@ i oI3 I30 U< oI3 K00N3
*IUUN\ hx 030K*o30 I3h
h3oKh3P3Qo oU I3h iKw *I3hJ
KiI30 BhQ0*IKN0h3Q\ I3 Ki
ishuKu30 $x I3h oIh33 *IKN0J

63hUP3. \\.
h3Q Q0 oI3Kh iWUsi3i. Q 3ho<3No *UQ0UN3Q*3i h3 3wJ

NN3Q Q0 3Q U03N. KNNKP

NN3Q Q0 IhKioKQ 3ii
NJ
N3Q Q0 UQQ
NN3Q
3iKhK 0KUNUBx hUsW. 0K30
Q0 3<<h3x
oI3Kh *IKN0h3Q- Ui3WI. IhKiJ
oUWI3h Q0 3QQ
U03N Q0 KNNKP Q0
P3i
NN3Q\ I3 vi Wh3J
03*3i30 $x I3h Wh3Qoi
hx Q0 Ui3WI UIUuK*.
I3h iK$NKQBi sN. hQM.
iWKh30 B3Q3hoKUQi U< W3UWN3
Q0 oI3h Ui3WI UIUuK*.
Q0 I3h $3NUu30 Isi$Q0 U<
@p x3hi. UIQ \
NN3Q\ I3
vKNN $3 NK0 oU h3io KQ  WhKuo3
*3h3PUQx KQ oho<Uh0. .
Q0  P3PUhKN KQ 3v UhM
Kox vKNN $3 WNQQ30 <Uh  <sJ
osh3 0o3\ UQoKUQi KQ I3h
P3PUhx Px $3 P03 oU
I3
*oUhi sQ0\ U PM3 Q
UQNKQ3 *UQ0UN3Q*3 WN3i3 uKJ
iKo vvv\0yKP<sQ3hNIUP3
\*UP
oI3 Uh3Q h\
<o3h IKi
i3huK*3. I3 oo3Q030 Nv
i*IUUN o UNsP$K QKu3hiKJ
ox *IUUN U<
vKoI IUQUhi\ 3 oI3Q Wh*J
oK*30 Nv WhKuo3Nx Q0 vi  03Qoi <hUP $hU0. 3iW3*KNNx
Nv *N3hM oU oI3 UQUh$N3
oo3i Usho U<
WW3Ni <Uh
oI3 3*UQ0 Kh*sKo\ NoKPo3J
oo3hiUQ 3NMQW. Q 3io$J
NKiI30 3v UhM Nv <KhP.
oU iiW3_s KQ oI3 VS>zi KQ
Q3 U< uK0gi WhKPhx
*NK3Qoi vi UIQiUQ  UIQJ
iUQ. <UhPKQB  *NUi3 h3NoKUQJ
iIKW vKoI oIo *UPWQx Q0
NoKUQiIKW vKoI oIo *UPWQx\
Ki sQi3N<KiI h3Bh0 <Uh IKi
WhoQ3hi Q0 IKi *NK3Qoi
i3hu30 $UoI v3NN Q0 *h3o30
 ixP$KUoK* h3NoKUQiIKW\ Io
oIUi3 h3NoKUQiIKWi v3Qo $3J
xUQ0 IKP vi UQ3 U< IKi
WhUs03io **UPWNKiIP3Qoi\
I3Q h\ U$$KQi. oUB3oI3h
vKoI s0B3 hUN0 \ xN3h.
LUKQ30 oo3hiUQ 3NMQW KQ
VSkk. oI3x _sK*MNx ohQiJ
<UhP30 Ko KQoU  NKoKBoKUQ
WUv3hIUsi3\
PUQB IKi *J
*UPWNKiIP3Qoi KQ oIo <KhP
vi IKi NKo3hN *h3oKUQ U< oI3
Nv U< <Ni3 0u3hoKiKQB KQ
vIo $3*P3 MQUvQ i oI3
Q0 Uh33Q Q0UvP3Qo UvQiIKW\
0UQoKUQi Px $3 P03 oU
sQ0 o oI3 3hQh0 3u3N
 *IhKox U< xUsh *IUK*3\
os0K3i <Uh 3WIh0K* iosJ Uh 0Kh3*oKUQi uKiKo
vvv\$hh3oo<sQ3hN
<hUP

6P3i \.
IUP3\Q3o\
o3Q030 oU I3h *IKN0h3Q. KPUQ
<UsQ03h U< oI3 vQB3hJ
YQ0 oxZ *U$. IKNKW
YQ0

WhKN rS. rzVk U< QoshN
*si3i\ h\ vQB3h PUu30
i oI3Kh PQx BhQ0*IKN0h3Q Uh03h oU *h3o3 IKi h0KUNUBx
Q0 Bh3o J BhQ0*IKN0h3Q\ Wh*oK*3 <hUP oI3 BhUsQ0 sW.
x oI3x Q0 oI3Kh 3wo3Q030
<PKNx <KQ0 *UP<Uho PUQB
iohoKQB vKoI QU 3PWNUx33i
Q0 UQ3 WoK3Qo  0x\ 3 KQJ
3hsiN3P\ KQ iIPxJ vKoI IKi IsPUh Q0 MQUvJ
KP o3QsIPs\ N30B3. Q0 h3Bh030 3u3hxJ
3iIKu QKu3hiKox
K*Ih0 \ U3N. h3iK03Qo
UQ3 vKoI h3iW3*o\ 3 vi
sQ*UQ0KoKUQNNx NUuKQB Q0
UhPQ
h3iK03Qo P3hKosi
SV. $UhQ sNx r. VSr>\ 3NUu30 vi $UhQ
WhKN @. VSrp KQ
KQ NK<3 $x NN. Wii30 vx
hUUMNxQ. 3v UhM. oI3 iUQ

WhKN pz. rzVk\
ohs3 B3QoN3J
uK0 h\.
P3Q U< KQo3BhKox. 3w*3WoKUQN
P*Kio. Q0 u3NxQ vQB3h\
3 vi 30s*o30 o oI3 QKJ
vhPoI Q0 Bh*3. KP vi u3hiKox U< 3QQixNuQK Q0
Q 3w3PWNhx iUQ. Isi$Q0. oI3 IK*BU 30K*N *IUUN\
<oI3h Q0 BhQ0<oI3h\ UhQ WUQ Bh0soKUQ <hUP 3QQ
KQ 3v UhM Q0 hKi30 KQ vKoI  03Bh33 KQ *I3PKiohx.

oI3Qi Q0 xoKN3Q3. h33*3. I3 vUhM30 i  h3i3h*I
I3 vi oI3 UQNx *IKN0 U< iiKioQo KQ oI3 3WhoP3Qo
3UhB3 Q0
iWiK\ I3Kh
0UhoKUQ U< IKP vi h3J
U< IxiK*N I3PKiohx o
UNsP$K QKu3hiKox. sQ03h
scheduled program in which he in-
iWKhKQ hi\ I3 <3hU*Kox U< QUvQ30 Q0 I3 sWI3N0 oI3Kh hU<3iiUh \\
3h. UQ


6I3hvUU0 \. 0K30 oIUi3 NKoKBoKUQi vi iU Bh3o
terviewed theatrical and musical
personalities on the cable channel
CUNY-TV.
In 1985, Mr. Hoffman’s “As Is”
and Larry Kramer’s “The Normal
UQB
iNQ0
Heart” “represented the opening
UQ oI3 $ooN3<K3N0i U<
salvo in the theatrical war against
. i3huKQB KQ oI3 QKo30 WhKP*x KQ oI3  QNB3iK*
AIDS,” Prof. Roger W. Oliver of
The Juilliard School and New York
QioKoso3 U< s*N3h
University wrote in The Juilliard
QioKoso3 WhKPhx h*IKo3*o U< gi h3J
LA OPERA
Mr. Hoffman began his career
as a book editor, publishing
gay and lesbian playwrights.
N3B*x i oI3 PUio 0soK<sN iUQ
UQ
WhKN r4. rzVk KQ UhoI
QJ
0Uu3h. 
. <UNNUvKQB  $hK3<
KNNQ3ii\ h\ NM3 vi  NUQBJ
oKP3 h3iK03Qo U< r sooUQ
N*3 UsoI. 3v UhM. \
3 vi oI3 iUQ U< oI3 No3
IsQ*3x \ NM3 Q0 Q3
B3 NM3\ UhQ 3$hshx
rk. VSrk KQ w3o3h.  \ h\
NM3 vi  u3o3hQ U< UhN0
h
bN*MIvM 0KuKiKUQc Q0 VS>rJp\ shKQB IKi h3iK03Q*x
oo3i ux\ 3 h3*3Ku30 

<hUP o\
Qi3NP UNN3B3
KQ VS>z Q0 oo3Q030 Bh0so3
i*IUUN o oI3 siiKQ
oIo  $UUM vi vhKoo3Q $Uso
oI3P Q0 vi $3io isPPJ
hKy30 KQ oI3 UW3QKQB vUh0i U<
Q UWKQKUQ  03*03 No3h.
bPNN QoKUQi Iu3 <UsBIo
<Uh oI3Kh u3hx ishuKuN vKoI
N3ii h3iUsh*3i Q0 h3iUsh*3J
<sNQ3ii oIQ oI3i3 QoBUJ
QKioi Iu3 $hUsBIo oU oI3Kh
3WK* iohsBBN3 <Uh *UPP3h*KN
<K3N0\c s$i3_s3Qo oU oIo.
vI3Q oI3 xN3QUN oPW3hKQB
ohB30x U**shh30. I3 vi  oI3 K*oUh 30Ni\ 3 vi  IxiK*i Y3QQ3ii33Z <hUP
 NUuKQB Isi$Q0. vUQ03h<sN
<oI3h. Q0 oI3 $3io BhQ0J
<oI3h. 0K30 W3*3<sNNx o IKi
IUP3 KQ IWW_s o oI3
B3 U< 4k UQ
WhKN pz. rzVk.
vKoI IKi vK<3 U< >> x3hi.
oIhUsBIUso IKi NUQB NK<3\ 3
h3oshQ30 oU oI3 \\ KQ VSpS <J
o3h Bh0soKQB <hUP
oI3Qi
UNN3B3 Wh3WhoUhx i*IUUN\ o3hQiIKW o x*MU<< 3KBIoi

i  P3P$3h U< oI3 h3o3io
3Q3hoKUQ. I3 3QNKio30 KQ oI3

hPx o V4 x3hi UN0 oU i3hu3
KQ 
shUW3 Q0 KQ oI3 *K<K*\ 3
i3hu30 vKoI oI3 4loI KQ<Qohx.
vi vh030 oI3 hUQy3 oh.
oI3
P3hK*Q PWKBQ Q0
 *NiiK<K30 BUu3hQP3Qo
WhUL3*o\ UNNUvKQB Bh0soKUQ
<hUP P30K*N i*IUUN. I3
i3hu30  ovU x3h hUooKQB KQJ
UiWKoN. hUUMNxQ. <UNNUv30
$x  oIh33 x3h h3iK03Q*x KQ
h0KUNUBx o oI3
UNN3B3 UiWKoN\ 3 vi
iiKioQo 0Kh3*oUh U< h0KUNUJ
Bx o oI3 Noo3h IUiWKoN KQ
I3 vi iiKBQ30 oU oI3 M
K0B3
oIN33Q. $x IKi iK03\
Q 00KJ
WhUs0 u3o3hQ Q0  <3hu3Qo vIK*I I3 h3*3Ku30  *3hoK<KJ
oKUQ oU IKi vK<3. I3 Ki ishuKu30
Journal in 2010.
“As Is,” about a gay couple cop-
‘As Is’ was nominated o UNsP$K QKu3hiKox <hUP
VS>z oU VS>r\ 3 NiU oo3Q030
oI3 0uQ*30 QB3P3Qo
iWUQi3 oU oIo 0Kiio3h. I3NWJ
KQB oU iu3 oI3 $hQ0 Q0 WhUJ
uK0KQB  *i3 ios0x <Uh oI3
$x IKi iUQi
vh3Q*3 Q0
UsBNi Q0 IKi BhQ0*IKN0J
WohKUo.  WiiKUQ I3 KP$s30
KQ IKi *IKN0h3Q\ 3 oo3Q030
oI3 ii*Isi3ooi
QioKoso3
*o3\
Q VS>r I3 3io$NKiI30 Q
U<<K*3 <Uh oI3 Wh*oK*3 U< h0KJ
UNUBx KQ iiW3_s.
\
\.
h3Q. K3BQ. KNNKP. KNi.
ing with the terrifying new pan-
demic, opened on March 10, 1985. It
for several Tonys, hUBhP o huh0 QKu3hJ
iKox KQ VSkz\ h\ NM3 h3oKh30
<hUP hiI  *
3QQQ.
3oIK*N h3iWUQi3 oU *UQisP3h
WhU0s*oi 0Kiio3hi <Uh NN
*UPWQK3i oIo <UNNUv30\ 3
Q VSSr oI3 Wh*J
was produced by the Glines, a gay
Q*\ i K*3 IKhPQ KQ VSSr\
theater company, in association
Q*\ <hUP VS>V oU vKoI oI3 B3Q3hN Wh*oK*3
\\Z Q0
Q VS>S h\ vQB3h vi <UhJ
with Circle Repertory, and moved
v *IUUN\
<o3h ooKQJ
two months later to Broadway,
Q VS@S $x \ UIQ 3iKhK. \\ I3
where it ran for 285 performances
and was nominated for several
Q
Tony Awards, including best play.
UJ
It won the 1985 Drama Desk and
Obie Awards for outstanding new
v *IUUN. vIU 0K30 KQ
vh3QJ
production.
“As Is” is “very specifically
including best play.
3 vi Bh0so30 <hUP Uh0J
bum, for the Los Angeles Opera’s
2015 cast recording.
During rehearsals for the Met’s
performance, Mr. Hoffman began
working on “Riga,” a play about
rzz4\ I3x I0 <Ush 0sBIJ
the murder of members of his fam-
ily in Latvia during World War II.
3 iW3Qo IKi 3QoKh3 *h33h
vKoI hiI
NN
P3hK*Q iU**3h WNx3hJ
VSSr\ h\ NM3 Ki ishuKu30 $x
IKi vK<3 U< lp x3hi. N3QUh
UhKox NM3. i v3NN i IKi
iUQ. UIQ NM3 Q0 IKi vK<3
hhK3oj 0sBIo3h Q3 NM3
KN3x Q0 I3h Isi$Q0 IUJ
Pij Q0 0sBIo3h hoI
NM3 K*M3 Q0 I3h Isi$Q0
IhKioUWI3h\ 3 NiU Ki ishJ
uKu30 $x i3u3Q NUuKQB BhQ0J
*IKN0h3Q- IhKioUWI3h NM3.
3$3** UQoBUP3hx. B3
KN3x. NM3 KN3x.
Q0h3v
K*M3. xNQ K*M3 Q0 *M
NiU $hUM3 BhUsQ0 $x *h3oJ
KQB  Wo3Qo NKoKBoKUQ Wh*oK*3
iis Q0 s<<UNM *UsQoK3i\
<KhP. sQI3h0 U< o oIo oKP3\
h\ U$$KQi I0 Q *oKu3
WhU $UQU Wh*oK*3. <KBIoKQB <Uh
oI3 *KuKN hKBIoi U< usNQ3h$N3
WUWsNoKUQi KQ ioo3 Q0 <3J
03hN *Ushoi oIhUsBIUso IKi
NUQB *h33h\
PUQB oI3P. I3
vi N30 *UsQi3N KQ  *Nii
*oKUQ oU U$oKQ $hU03h
hKBIoi U< **3ii oU Ws$NK*
ohQiWUhooKUQ <Uh W3UWN3
vKoI P3QoN 0Ki$KNKoK3i\ I3
Wh3iish3 $hUsBIo $x oIo isKo
h3isNo30 KQ ixio3PK* *IQB3i
UsBNi Q0 3NN3x\ UhQ KQ
3v UhM Kox UQ 3*3P$3h
V>. VSrS. I3 vi hKi30 KQ oI3
hUQw vI3h3 I3 oo3Q030
h0KQN x3i KBI *IUUN\
IP QKu3hiKox Q0 UNsPJ
$K
KQB IKi Nv 03Bh33. I3 i3hu30
ovU x3hi KQ oI3 
hPx\
I3Q I3 h3oshQ30 IUP3
<hUP IKi PKNKohx i3huK*3. I3
LUKQ30 oI3 Nv <KhP U<
hoIsh.
hx Q0 UN3 i Q ooUhQ3x
vI3h3 I3 vUsN0 h3PKQ
oIhUsBI oI3 <KhPgi P3hB3h
KQoU QKhUxN KQ VS4>\
*3gi *h33h i  Ws$NK* i3hJ
uQo $3BQ KQ VSk@ vI3Q I3
$3*P3 3Wsox UvQ
ooUhJ
U< 3*IQUNUBx Q0 *IK3u30
 *I3NUh U< *K3Q*3 KQ siKJ
Q3ii QBKQ33hKQB
0PKQKiJ
vIK*I 3u3QosNNx 3uUNu30
KQoU oI3 vQB3hJ3iKhK 0KJ
UNUBx hUsW\
ohoKUQ\ 3 vi h3iK03Qo U<
oI3
oIN3oK*
iiU*KoKUQ. Q
oK*3 vi iUN0. $so *UQoKQs3i oU
i3hu3 oI3 *UPPsQKoK3i U<
Y<Khio 3u3h <Uh \
h3iK03Qo U< oI3
NWI I3o osQo3 oU $3 LUKQ30 KQ Wh*oK*3
*IWo3h U< KBP IK\
I3 Bh0so30 Q0 vi PhJ iiU*KoKUQ <NUshKiI30 Q0
hK30 <Uh @@ *I3hKiI30 x3hi oU oI3 ovU P3Q h3PKQ30 WhoJ
hK<NK IhKi vIU Wh303J Q3hi Q0 NK<3NUQB <hK3Q0i\
*3i30 IKP. Q0 vi oI3 VS>> h\ vQB3h PhhK30 oI3
PUoI3h U< IKi oIh33 *IKN0h3Q\ NUu3 U< IKi NK<3. 3hQK*3
3 vi  0UoKQB Isi$Q0 oU PyUu.  Bh0so3 U< hUUMJ
3oox
iWiK vKoI vIUP I3
iW3Qo oI3 Nio NUuKQB V4 x3hi
NxQ
U< IKi NK<3\ KP vKNN $3 <Uh3u3h o3hi. siQ vQB3hJ 3Q03NJ
0Uh30 $x IKi $3NUu30 *IKN0J
h3Q vIU ishuKu3 IKP. 3UhB3
iUIQ. \\. U$3ho Y03J
*3i30Z. 3NKii Y
\\ hJ
about gay relationships, the prob-
x0K 3hi i Y\\ IhoUQZ\ 3iK03i IKi
lems that straights have in under-
Q VSkl I3 vi QUPKQJ
standing and accepting gay sex-
uality, as well as the problems
Q oI3 is$i3_s3Qo 3N3*oKUQ. I3
Q0h3v
gays face in trying to deal with the
Q0J
3QKIQc $x 03<3oKQB
disease that is destroying them,”
UQ0UQ. vKoIIUN0 <sQ0KQB <hUP Ws$NK*
Joel Shatzky wrote in a 1992 essay,
“AIDS Enters the American The-
The play, which focused on two
gay men, one black and one Jew-
ish, opened in Los Angeles in 1999.
“I’m trying to detoxify our cul-
Q0 IhKioUWI3h\ Y
Q0h3v. 
ture,” Mr. Hoffman told The Los
I3Ni3 o3Qiu0Z\ h\ vQJ
Angeles Times. “This play, I hope,
IKi UWWUQ3Qo $x rk uUo3ij
becomes a mirror” in which peo-
ple see themselves and the hatred
K*M3\ I3h3 vKNN $3  WhKuo3
i3huK*3 o  <sosh3 0o3\ U
IUQUh h\ NM3gi NUu3 U<
N3hQKQB Q0 $UUMi. 0UQJ
oKUQi Px $3 P03 KQ IKi P3J
PUhx oU oI3 NK$hhx o KQBh33
QQI Q0
*IUUN. UsoI PKNoUQ. 

vvv\WKQBh33\UhB Uh I3 KNJ
NKPi *IUUN. 3v
I3 I0 3QUhPUsi WhK03 KQ 
 vvv\vKNNKPii*IUUN\UhB\
Uh UQNKQ3 *UQ0UN3Q*3i
WN3i3 uKiKo
<sQ3hNIUP3i\*UP
vvv\*UQo3
oU 
gi IN<J <h3 *h0 Wh*J
oK*3i. vIK*I KQ*Ns030  *KoxJ
vK03 *PWKBQ oU KQ<UhP KQJ
0KuK0sNi vKoI P3QoN 0Ki$KNKJ
oK3i U< oI3Kh hKBIo oU IN<J<h3
*h0i\ 3 NiU KQioKoso30 NKoKJ
BoKUQ *INN3QBKQB oI3 hKBIo
U< oI3 <303hN BUu3hQP3Qo oU
*03PK* *IK3u3P3Qoi U<
KQo3h3io Nv <KhPi 3QBBKQB KQ
*Nii *oKUQi i33MKQB h30h3ii
<Uh uKUNoKUQ U< uhKUsi *KuKN
Q3x U< oI3 UvQ U< 3v Q0 KP$3hNx 3hi. KUN3oo uh0. \\
\ IhoUQZ. 3oix
3Pi. Q0
ioN3\
v3NN i IKi BhQ0iUQi. KPKohK. 0sBIo3hi I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x
o30 oU $3 UvQ s0B3 U<
3v ioN3. i3huKQB Uso oI3 h3BUhx Q0 IKi vK<3. 3QQKJ i3u3Q BhQ0*IKN0h3Q Q0
h3PKQ03h U<  u*Qo o3hP\ <3h.
N3wQ03h. K*IUNi. oIh33 Bh3o J BhQ0*IKN0h3Q
I3x oh3ish30 oI3Kh Wh3*KUsi
3hQ30 IKi QK*MQP3 b
UWWKmWUsNK Q0 KQ h3oshQ. B3h oUUM Bh3o WhK03 KQ oI3
iNK03
P3QoUhKQB oI3P Q0 vo*IJ oI3Kh BhQ0*IKN0h3Q- u
IUv3u3h. I3 PQB30 oU IUN0
KQB oI3P h3*I PQIUU0\ o3Qiu0. \\. \\ YUhoIJ
UQ oU oIKi WUiKoKUQ <Uh oI3 Q3wo
pz x3hi\
Q rzzp. I3 QJ KP Ki ishuKu30 $x oI3hKQ3 v3io3hQ 30K*N *IUUN. QKJ
hKBIoi. KQ vIK*I oI3 Ls0B3 KiJ NNi Q0 03hNx NUu30 oI3 u3hiKox U< KQQ3iUo
v
ater: ‘As Is’ and ‘The Normal that surrounds them.” is30  Wh3NKPKQhx KQLsQ*oKUQ
QUsQ*30 oIo oI3 sW*UPKQB
o3hP vUsN0 $3 IKi Nio\
Q h3J No3 UQUh$N3 P3i NNi\ *IUUNZ.
NKi. \
\ YN3Z.
Heart.’” William Moses Hoffman was BKQio oI3 <303hN Nv WhUIKJ
$KoKQB QUoJ<UhJWhU<Ko N3BN 0J
*UBQKoKUQ U< IKi i3huK*3. 3QJ
00KoKUQNNx. I3 Ki ishuKu30 uK0.
\\ YhKQ*3oUQZ *shJ
$x IKi vK<3 3ooxgi *IKN0h3Q h3QoNx KQ  <Ku3Jx3h I\\
oUh KNNhx NKQoUQ W3h<UhP30
Mel Gussow wrote in The New born on April 12, 1939, in Manhat- uU**x BhUsWi <hUP WhUi3J oI3 iv3hKQB KQ *3h3PUQx Q0 BhQ0*IKN0h3Q\ KP I0  WhUBhP o UNsP$K. QK3N
*soKQB *Nii *oKUQi\
o oI3 io3NNh ppJx3h *h33h vUhMJ
York Times that Mr. Hoffman had tan to Jewish immigrants from 
6s33QK3 \. oKP3 U< IKi 03oI. I3 vi oU
\\Z. sNK YoQ<Uh0Z.
vh3Q*3 vi 
“found exactly the appropriate
tone for his subject, a dramaturgi-
cal equivalent of the title of the
play.”
3vKiI
“He leads us to view the disease,
its victims (actual and potential),
and its survivors as is,” Mr. Gus-
Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. WN3i3 i3Q0
sow continued, “without a gloss of
sh3Q YKJ 30Q3i0x VzP\ hK3Q0i
Q oI3
self-pity or sentimentality.”
Mr. Hoffman adapted the play
Q rzz@. I3 vi vh030 oI3 3v UhM KP3i Q0
for television in 1986, on the Show-
iNQ0 30N U< UJ uK3vKQB oI3 KPB3i ohQiPKoJ
time network, starring Robert
QJ

6K0Q3x\ i  h33M KPPKBhQo\ < IKi
Carradine, Jonathan Hadary and
Colleen Dewhurst.
Mr. Corigliano, the composer,
6uK0 \ oI3 3QoKh3 <PKNx\
UQB
iNQ0 oU vUhM UQ oIKi
and Mr. Hoffman, writing the li-
o vUhM30. $so WhUu30
bretto in English, took seven years
Eastern Europe. His father, Mor-
ton, was a caterer. His mother, the
former Johanna Papiermeister,
was a jeweler.
In addition to Mr. Taylor, he is
survived by a brother, Edin Hoff-
man.
He graduated from the Bronx
High School of Science and earned
a bachelor’s degree from the City
College of New York, where he
majored in English and Latin.
*3i\ 3 h3NKy30 oIo ohQiJ
Beginning in the mid-1960s, he
wrote a number of short plays at
Caffe Cino and La MaMa Ex-
perimental Theater Club. In 1977,
he and Anthony Holland wrote
B3 Sp.  NUQBoKP3 h3iK03Qo U<
Uh3io KNNi. s33Qi. 0K30
W3*3<sNNx UQ
WhKN rk. rzVk KQ
QIooQ\ s33QK3 vi
$UhQ UQ
sBsio Vl. VSrp oU
QQK3 Q0 hhx 3hPQ
Q0 PhhK30 UQQx IKMU<iMx
KQ VS@l\ I3 N3u3i $3IKQ0
*IKN0h3Q
hoIsh IKMU<iMx
Q0 NNKUo YsNK3 K*IsoMZ
IKMU<iMx. Q3WI3v 0vh0
YNKi3 UNUPUQZ IKMU<iMx.
BhQ00sBIo3hi
Q0  P3P$3h U< oI3 o\
*I3NZ U$N3Qy Q0 Q3o
Y3Q uK0iUQZ IKMU<iMx.
Q0 Bh3oJBhQ0sBIo3hi 3J
$3** Q0 QQI U$N3Qy\
I3 vKNN $3 i0Nx PKii30\
io30 U< *h0i Uh <NUv3hi
WN3i3 PM3  P3PUhKN
*UQohK$soKUQ oU 0iiI\
h3*3Ku3 Q vh0 <hUP Q
IKioUhK*N Wh3i3huoKUQ iU*K3J
ox <Uh IKi is**3ii<sN h3Wh3i3QJ
ooKUQ U< oI3P KQ I3NWKQB oU
iu3 Q KPWUhoQo oQ<Uh0
IKo3 $sKN0KQB <hUP 03PUNKJ
oKUQ\ 3 vKNN $3 PKii30 $x IKi
<PKNx. <hK3Q0i. Q0 *UNJ
N3Bs3i\ sQ3hN i3huK*3
<hUP hQM \ PW$3NN bI3
sQ3hN IW3Nc Vzkl 0KiJ
UQ
u3Qs3 3v UhM. 
oI3 <UNNUvKQB uKBQ3oo3-
vKNN $3 h3*3Ku30 UQ0x
kJSWP\. Q0 s3i0x rJ@m
kJSWP\ QoUP$P3Qo oU <UNNUv
UsQo o\ hx 3P3o3hx
NsiIKQB \\

3 h3 033WNx i003Q30 o
oI3 WiiKQB UQ
WhKN rS U< Ush
<hK3Q0 Q0 *UNN3Bs3. uK0
vKoI h3iK03Qo KNN NKQoUQ KQ
oo3Q0Q*3\
NK<3NUQB iWUhoi <Q vKoI sQ0xJ
KQB NUxNox oU oI3 3oi Q0
KQoi Q0 033W Ioh30 <Uh
QxoIKQB QM33i Q0 3oi\
3 vi WiiKUQo3 $Uso
*NiiK*N PsiK* Q0 IKi BhQ0J
*IKN0h3Q\ 3 vi  PQ U< KQJ
*h30K$N3 vhPoI. NUu3. IsJ
PUh. IUQ3iox Q0 KQo3BhKox
Q0 v3 vKNN PKii IKP 03hNx\
0UQoKUQi oU oI3 3v ioN3
UNK*3 3Q3uUN3Qo
iiU*KJ
oKUQ. oI3 IWW_s UNsQJ
o33h
P$sNQ*3 UhWi Uh oI3
KNNvUU0 Kh3 3Wo\
 
3 PUshQ oI3 NUii U< Ush
io h3iK03Qo Q0 i3Q0
I3ho<3No ixPWoIx oU IKi
vK<3 NKQ3. $hUoI3h
N3w Q0
3vN3ooJio U*Mvx
3vKiI 3Qoh3
KQB vKoI PsNoKQoKUQN *UPJ
Y\
PKNx YQKu3hiKox U< 3QQixNJ
WQK3i\ 3 vi QB3h Q0 uQKZ. Q0 NNKUo Y3iN3xQZ\
UhWUho3 K*3 h3iK03Qo U< h\ vQB3h vi  0KWNUPo3
Uh0 UoUh UPWQx. UUuJ U< oI3
P3hK*Q Uh0 U< J
3h QKu3hiN.
P3h0 3ii 0KUNUBx. Q0  3NNUv U< oI3
UhWUhoKUQ. Q0 \\ h*3\
P3hK*Q UNN3B3 U< 0KUNUJ
I3 Nio rz x3hi U< IKi Bx\ 3 I0 $33Q UQ oI3 io<<
WhU<3iiKUQN *h33h vi vKoI o UhoI3NN o
oI3 UhN0 QuKhUQP3QoN UiWKoN Q0 vi *UJ0Kh3*oUh
3Qo3h vI3h3 I3 i3hu30 i U< Koi NKQuK3v UiWKoN 3J
oI3Kh h3iK03Qo\ hUs0 U< IKi WhoP3Qo U< 0KUNUBx <hUP
h33M I3hKoB3 Q0 h3NKBKUQ. VSlzJVSSr\ h\ vQB3h vi 
I3 vi  PQ U< 033W <KoI uKiKUQhx. i KNNsioho30 $x
hMgi h33M hoIU0Uw VSlzi. h\ vQB3h I0  bsJ
Ish*I KQ U* oUQ. NUhKJ h3Mc PUP3Qo vIKN3 h30KQB
0\
oI3 NNKi
QUh h3*UBQKyKQB IKi is**3ii o30 $x vKh3 <hUP 0KioQo WNJ
PQx **UPWNKiIP3Qoi.
QUQ3 Bu3 IKP Bh3o3h LUx
PKiiKUQ U< wJhx KPB3i KQ 
iKPKNh vx vUsN0 $3 U< Bh3o
oIQ IKi <PKNx\ 3 h3 Bho3J uNs3\ vU o3*IQK*KQi <hUP
<sN <Uh oI3 $N3iiKQB U< IKi NUQB. oI3 KP3i v3h3 0KiWo*I30 oU
uK$hQo NK<3 vIK*I I3 NUu30
Q0 WWh3*Ko30 vKoI sQK_s3 WhUL3*o\
UWoKPKiP\ Ki ioso3 PKQ0
Q3u3h <No3h30 Q0 IKi
oU $3 Q K03 I30 U< Koi
oKP3. i ohQiPKoo30 KPB3i
to complete “The Ghosts of Ver-
6hx KN33Q\
o Ki vKoI Bh3o iUhhUv oIo oI3
sailles,” which the Metropolitan
Opera had commissioned in 1980
o oUUM sQoKN
\\ $hUoI3h Q0 $3io oI3 0KBKoN h3uUNsoKUQ. 03J
to celebrate the company’s cen-
tennial in 1983.
It had its premiere at the Met in
“Cornbury: The Queen’s Gover-
$h30oI U< NUu3 <Uh NN U< si <hUP IUiWKoN oU U<<K*3 v3h3
vi i 033W i oI3 U*3Q i QUo is<<K*K3QoNx *N3h <Uh KQo3hJ
nor,” about Edward Hyde, Lord
Cornbury, the reputedly cross-
dressing colonial governor of New
York in the early 1700s. (It was re-
vived in New York in 2009.)
6
QQ3 3QNQ0 UNJ
B3h\
QQ3 Wii30 vx
W3*3<sNNx
WhKN rp. rzVk o
I3h IUP3 KQ
iINQ0. \
UhQ KQ UsoI hQB3.  UQ
*oU$3h V@. VSr> Q0 <Khio 3PJ
WNUx30 KQ
oNQo. 
. iI3
iUUQ PUu30 oU 3v UhM KJ
ox\ I3 oUUM  WUiKoKUQ o 
vI3h3 iI3 3hQ30 io3hi
\ U$$KQi\ u3 vi  WhoJ
Q3h vKoI oo3hiUQ 3NMQW
<hUP VSkk oU rzzV Q0 <
UsQi3N <hUP rzzr sQoKN IKi
03oI\
PUQB IKi PQx *J
*UPWNKiIP3Qoi. u3 WKUQJ
33h30 <Ni3 0u3hoKiKQB Nv i
v3 QUv MQUv Ko\ 3 NiU 3iJ
o$NKiI30 oI3 KhPgi Wo3Qo NKJ

<PKNx U< hx KN33Q KQQUoo
QQUsQ*3 I3h WiiKQB <o3h  *MQUvN30B3P3Qo oU IKi NK<3J
NUQB KNNQ3ii UQ
WhKN rl. rzVk\
I3 0K30 W3*3<sNNx o I3h
QIooQ WhoP3Qo vKoI
<PKNx P3P$3hi $x I3h iK03\
I3 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h IsiJ
Ushi vi <Uh IKP\
iW3*KN Wh3ooKUQ Q0 oUUM oUU Ps*I
oKP3 oU ohQiPKo\
NUQB \
<hK3Q0. Uvh0 3Q03hiIUoo *03i No3h. <Uh oIKi o3*IQUNUJ
Q0 IKi vK<3. KhBKQKj IKi Bx oU is**330\ U0x. isW3h$
PUio $3NUu30 giKio3hg. IKi <Khio KPB3i h3 *UQu3x30 KQioQoJ
*UsiKQ.
Koi hKoK03ij IKi Nx hUsQ0 oI3 *UsQohx Q0 oI3
oKBoKUQ Wh*oK*3. N3hQKQB oU $Q0 U< Uu3h >> x3hi UIQ 03h3io <Khio *UsiKQij Q0  vUhN0. vKoI PQx $3Q3<Koi\
1991 — the first new opera per- Mr. Hoffman was also Q0 I 03Bh33i KQ iU*KUNUJ oshQ *UPWNK*o30 o3*IQUNUBx Y*MZ KQQUoo. I3h *IKN0h3Q oh3ish3 ohUu3 U< IKi vUhN0J h\ vQB3h vi. o uhKUsi
Bx. Q0 No3h LUKQ30 oI3 io<<
formed there since 1967, and the nominated for a writing Emmy for o sQo3h UNN3B3\
QQ3 Q0
KQoU is$L3*oi oIo *UsN0 $3 sQJ *M Y 3oI3h
UQBZ KQQUoo. vK03 *UNN3Bs3i Q0 <hK3Q0i\ oKP3i. oI3 Wh3iK03Qo U< oI3
03hioUU0 $x Nx LshK3i. vIKN3 h. 3oI YIhKiZ *Ih3K$3h. Io  BNUhKUsi NK<3\ U0 h3io iis UsQox 30K*N UJ
first by either of the collaborators. the daytime soap opera “One Life I3h Isi$Q0. soIUh KNNKP ioKNN PMKQB oI3 iUWIKioK*o30 KQ0x YQZ <<3hPQQ. Q0 xUsh $3soK<sN iUsN. 03h3io *K3ox. oI3 3v UhM oo3 J
3*M3h. h3oKh30 oU
iINQ0 KQ
With a cast that included Graham to Live,” a title that captures how a VS4l\ 3 Wh303*3i30 I3h KQ
N3BN hBsP3Qoi Q3*3iihx oU KP Y
KyZ KQQUoo Q0 I3h 0UoJ oI3h\ I3 3him3Pi 0KUNUBK*N U*K3ox Q0 oI3
vKQ *i3i\ u3 I0 Q *J 30 sWUQ Q0 $3NUu30 Vp PKNx\
uKiKooKUQ vKNN $3
UQB
iNQ0 0KUNUBK*N UJ
Clark, Renée Fleming, Marilyn character in “As Is” comes to grips rzzz\
$3NUu30 *KoKy3Q U< oKu3 WhU $UQU Wh*oK*3. <KBIoJ BhQ0*IKN0h3Q\
Q 00KoKUQ. I3N0 UQ 30Q3i0x. x p *K3ox\ 3 vi  P3P$3h U<

iINQ0.
QQ3 vi 3wo3QJ
Horne, Hakan Hagegard, Gino with his homosexuality when he is iKu3Nx KQuUNu30 KQ NU*N WIKJ
KQB <Uh oI3 *KuKN hKBIoi U< usNJ
Q3h$N3 WUWsNoKUQi KQ ioo3
iI3 Ki ishuKu30 $x I3h iKio3h
Quilico and Teresa Stratas, it was
oIx Y*MZ N3x. hUoI3h
<hUP @JkWP o NK*M sQ3hN oI3 3v UhM oo3 Uh0 <Uh
UP3 KQ U* oUQ. NUhK0\ 30K*KQ3 Q0 vi WWUKQo30
struck with AIDS. NQoIhUWK* *oKuKoK3i\
QQ3
vKNN $3 Bh3oNx PKii30 $so
Q0 <303hN *Ushoi oIhUsBIJ 3o3h Y
QZ K3hQQ. iKio3hJKQJ I3 <sQ3hN vKNN $3 I3N0 UQ oU oI3 3v UhM oo3 Uh0
Uso IKi NUQB *h33h\
PUQB Nvi Q*x YxQ3Z ohUN3. Ishi0x. x @ o VV-zzP U< hU<3iiKUQN 30K*N UQJ
a critical sensation. Recounting his struggle to over- NKu3i UQ KQ NN vIUi3 NK<3 iI3 oI3P. I3 vi N30 *UsQi3N KQ hx YKNNZ K*I3Ni. KQ0x o o\ hMgi h33M hoIU0Uw 0s*o\ 3 i3hu30 ovU o3hPi UQ
oUs*I30\
Its central conceit: 200 years af- come a lonely childhood, the char-  *Nii *oKUQ oU U$oKQ $hU0J
QBNKii. $hUoI3hJKQJNv KNJ Ish*I KQ U* oUQ. NUhKJ oI3 Uh0 U< u3hi33hi U< oI3
3h hKBIoi U< **3ii oU Ws$NK* $3ho Y
QQZ KQQUoo. Q0 rr 0\
Q NK3s U< <NUv3hi. 0UQJ *IUUN U<
hoi Q0 *K3Q*3i
ter the French Revolution, the acter, a promising fiction writer ohQiWUhooKUQ <Uh W3UWN3 QK3*3i Q0 Q3WI3vi\ I3 vi oKUQi *Q $3 P03 oU U< oI3 QKu3hiKox U< 3QQixNJ
playwright Beaumarchais is sum- named Rich, says, “I was so des- vKoI P3QoN 0Ki$KNKoK3i\ I3
Wh3iish3 $hUsBIo $x oIo isKo
Wh303*3i30 $x I3h iKio3h
moned to amuse the bored ghosts
of the aristocrats who hover about
the palace of Versailles and to use
Q 00KoKUQ. oI3x isWJ
perate to find people like myself I h3isNo30 KQ ixio3PK* *IQB3i
oU 
gi IN<J<h3 *h0 Wh*J
would look for them in the indexes oK*3i. vIK*I KQ*Ns030  *KoxJ
of books, under H.” vK03 *PWKBQ oU KQ<UhP KQJ
0KuK0sNi vKoI P3QoN 0Ki$KNKJ
3h3i YK*M KQM3hZ K3hJ
QQ. $hUoI3hJKQJNv h3B
YI33NIZ KQQUoo. QK3*3 KJ
N33Q N3x. Q0 Q3WI3v 3Q
N3x\ KN33Q vi $UhQ QJ
shx r4. VS@V oU IUPi Q0
vUsQ030vhhKUhWhUL3*o\UhB.
KQ P3PUhx U< P3i 3hi.
\\
hPx\
uQK\ I3 vQB3hi v3h3
ohUQi U< oI3 3ohUWUNKoQ
si3sP U<
ho Q0 P3P$3hi
U< oI3 KiKoKQB UPPKoo33 U<
oI3 3WhoP3Qo U<
hPi Q0

hPUh\
WUho30 oI3 QKu3hiKox U<
oK3i U< oI3Kh hKBIo oU IN<J<h3 UhUoIx K3hQQ Q0 Bh3v sW 3QQixNuQK. oI3 hUUMNxQ
*h0i\ u3 vi  Bh0so3 KQ N3iQouKNN3.  Bh0soJ
v *IUUN Q0 oI3 shvKQ
U< N3 UNN3B3 Q0 UNsP$K KQB <hUP UU0 UsQ*KN KBI 3vKiI
0sNo h3 3Qo3h\

v *IUUN. Q0 i3hu30 i Q *IUUN Q0 3UhB3oUvQ KiKJ UNNUvKQB oI3 03oI U< oI3Kh
U<<K*3h KQ oI3 QKo30 oo3i ooKUQ\
Q I3h @zgi. iI3 I0  0sBIo3h U$3ho. oI3x 3iJ
ux 0shKQB oI3 Uh3Q h\ *h33h KQ s$NKiIKQB o hUvQ o$NKiI30  30KQB UUP
3 $3BQ IKi N3BN *h33h KQ s$NKiIKQB\ KN33Q vi 030KJ QP30 <Uh I3h o oI3
K$hhx
VS>k i
v N3hM oU oI3 UQ\ *o30 oU hKiKQB I3h *IKN0h3Q. U< oI3 hUUMNxQ
v *IUUN\

3UQh0 \ UUh3. \\ Usho uUNsQo33hKQB KQ oI3 *UPPsQKJ sQ3hN vKNN $3 I3N0 o soo3hJ
U<
WW3Ni <Uh oI3 3*UQ0 KhJ ox Q0 isWWUhoKQB I3h IsiJ PQgi. 4zzz 3hK*IU shQWKM3.
*sKo\ 3 h3 Bho3<sN oU u3 $Q0gi *h33h\ KN33Q Q0 UU0$shx. 3v UhM Y>Vl
<Uh iIhKQB <Uhox x3hi U< IKi *M. i  o3P. hKi30 oI3Kh SrVJ>k>kZ UQ s3i0x. x r.
h3PhM$N3 *h33h vKoI Ush <PKNx KQ UsQ0 K0B3. \
Q o VrWP\
Qo3hP3Qo o h\
KhP\ 3 LUKQ IKi PQx rzV>. oI3x h3oKh30 oU oI3Kh
hho. Uso3 VzS YUQ3 $NU*M
<hK3Q0i KQ i3Q0KQB Ush 033WJ IUP3 KQ KvI. \ KN33Q 3io U< UsoI3hQ hMvxZ.
3io *UQ0UN3Q*3i oU IKi vK<3 vi  W3hiUQ oIo *h30 hPKQB0N3. 3v UhM\
Q
hK3 Q0 IKi *IKN0h3Q uK0. 033WNx $Uso oI3 W3UWN3 NK3s U< <NUv3hi. oI3 <PKNx h3J
P3i Q0 hUN Bx Q0 hUsQ0 I3h Q0 oUUM Q KQo3hJ _s3ioi oIo *UQohK$soKUQi $3
oI3Kh iWUsi3i Q0 oU IKi ovU 3io KQ W3UWN3gi NKu3i J vI3oI3h P03 oU oI3 hUUMNxQ
v
BhQ0*IKN0h3Q\
NN U< si o xUs v3h3  *NUi3 h3NoKu3 Uh *IUUN Uh oU 3PWN3 KQK U<
oo3hiUQ 3NMQW 3$$  iUP3UQ3 vIU vUhM30 <Uh iiW3_s. \
xN3h

 I3h\ I3 vi WhoK*sNhNx 03J
uUo30 oU I3h BhQ0*IKN0h3Q
Q0 oUUM Bh3o WhK03 KQ I3h h3J ,Q 0HPRULDP
NoKUQiIKW vKoI 3*I Q0 3u3J
hx UQ3 U< oI3P\ KN33Q

6
N<h30. h\
oUs*I30 NN vIU MQ3v I3h Q0 x r. rzzS\


6KhU
\ vKNN $3 033WNx PKii30 $x NN\
Q NUuKQB P3PUhx\
I3 P3P$3hi U< I3
UoUi I3h3 vKNN $3  3PUhKN I3 PKNx
SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Ns$ PUshQ oI3 NUii U< oI3Kh ii o KQo ohK*Mgi KQ
0KioKQBsKiI30 *UNN3Bs3 Q0 30<Uh0.  osh0x. x l. 

6Ki3N3\
“The Ghosts of Versailles,” at the Metropolitan Opera in 1995. NUQBoKP3 <hK3Q0. KhU
\
P$UQK. Q0 i3Q0 *UQ0UN3QJ
rzVk o VV-zzP <UNNUv30 $x 
h3*3WoKUQ o 30<Uh0 UN< Q0
VzmrkmVSp> J >mrmrzzl
bI3 vUhN0 Ki 0KPKQKiI30
Mr. Hoffman wrote the libretto for John Corigliano’s opera. *3i oU IKi <PKNx\ 3QQKi Ns$\ vKoIUso I3h\c
B14 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Malcolm Toon, Envoy
Whose Candor Piqued
Soviets, Is Dead at 92
By RICHARD GOLDSTEIN
Malcolm Toon was a leading
State Department expert on the
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
during the Cold War, a blunt am-
bassador with a reputation as a
hard-liner in diplomatic duels
with Communist governments.
In nearly 35 years as a Foreign
Service officer, he was ambassa-
dor to Czechoslovakia, Yugoslav-
ia, Israel and most notably, the So-
viet Union.
Yet for all his prominence in the
halls of power, in Washington and
Moscow, his death at a hospital in
Pinehurst, N.C., eight years ago at
92 — some 30 years after he had
retired and many years after he
had dropped from public view —
went largely unreported.
The news did circulate in and
around his hometown, Southern
Pines, N.C., in early 2009. The
Toon family provided a notice to
the Powell Funeral Home there,
announcing that Mr. Toon had
died on Feb. 12, and The Pilot, the
local newspaper, published an
obituary.
Outside of local coverage, The
Foreign Service Journal, pub-
lished by the American Foreign
Service Association, reported his
death in its April 2009 edition, but
its readers are largely diplomatic
professionals.
No national news organization
carried his obituary. The New
York Times, for one, was never in-
formed of his death, either by the
family or the State Department,
though it had prepared an obitu-
ary in advance three years earlier.
His death was confirmed after a
Times editor happened upon an
online reference to it.
Mr. Toon’s son, Alan, reached on
Friday, said he did not recall any-
one in his family having notified
the State Department of his fa-
ther’s death.
Mr. Toon was fluent in Russian,
and his appointment in the last
weeks of President Gerald R.
Ford’s administration was in line
with a tradition of experienced di-
plomats serving as the American
envoy in Moscow. But the Rus-
sians considered him hostile and
delayed formally approving his
appointment. In his first months
in office, in 1977, President Jimmy
Wolfgang Saxon contributed re-
porting.
Norman T. Hatch, Marine Cinematographer, 96; Filmed World War II Combat
By SAM ROBERTS
Norman T. Hatch, a former
Marine cinematographer whose
Academy Award-winning footage
of a punishing American victory
in the Pacific during World War II
was so grisly that it had required
White House approval before it
could be released, died on April 22
in Alexandria, Va. He was 96.
His death was confirmed by his
son, N. Thomas Hatch Jr.
Armed with a .45 caliber pistol,
Staff Sergeant Hatch, 22 years old
at the time, waded ashore on tiny
Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands
in November 1943 at the begin-
ning of a 76-hour battle that would
claim the lives of an estimated
1,000 Marines and sailors and
more than 4,000 Japanese sol-
diers.
When the fighting ended, the
United States had claimed one of
its first victories in the Pacific.
Standing up to keep his hand-
cranked 35-milimeter Bell & How-
ell Eyemo camera dry, and filming
through thick black smoke,
Sergeant Hatch thrust himself so
deeply into the combat that he
captured vivid close-ups of Ma-
rines firing at enemy troops only
15 yards away.
“That’s the only time, to the best
of my knowledge, in the Pacific
War that the enemy was in the
same frame as us in a fighting
stance,” he said in an interview
with the Naval Institute. “The film
shot on Tarawa was a first be-
cause it showed what combat was
really like. It showed it up close
and dirty.”
Somehow, he escaped the war
unscathed, having fired his pistol
only once.
“When I was looking through
the viewfinder, I was living in the
movie,” he said. “I was disassoci-
Carter backed off from Ford’s se-
lection of Mr. Toon, but then went
ahead with it.
Mr. Toon was characterized in
The Times in December 1978 as
becoming “one of the most influ-
ential of the postwar ambassadors
in shaping the policy of the United
States toward the Soviet Union.”
He considered his steely image
to be a simplification, but in his
nearly three years in Moscow he
displayed a penchant for hard-
edged remarks.
Robin Knight, the Moscow bu-
reau chief of U.S. News & World
Report during most of Mr. Toon’s
tenure there, recalled in a Foreign
Service Journal article in 2011 that
Mr. Toon had told American
correspondents at his first brief-
ing, “I think my job is to teach
these guys how to act like a great
A diplomat whose
death in 2009 went
largely unreported.
power instead of some two-bit ba-
nana republic.”
His briefings were off the
record, but Mr. Toon could be out-
spoken in public settings as well.
Annoyed by the absence of senior
Soviet officials at a 1979 Fourth of
July embassy reception (it was
also Mr. Toon’s 63rd birthday), he
told Americans gathered there,
“Sometimes over the past 20
years I have had the impression
that we’re dealing with a bunch of
clods.”
Two years before, the Soviet
government had refused to allow
Mr. Toon to deliver the American
ambassador’s traditional Fourth
of July talk on Russian television
because his text — in line with the
Carter administration’s concerns
about human rights violations —
stated that Americans hoped “vio-
lations of these rights, wherever
they may occur, will end.”
Notwithstanding Mr. Toon’s
toughness toward the Russians,
he was cautious at the same time.
He was disturbed when the Carter
administration used strong lan-
guage toward Moscow, and he
was wary of Washington’s sup-
porting Soviet dissidents too
strongly.
ated with what was going on
around me.”
His raw footage was edited into
a 20-minute film titled “With the
Marines at Tarawa,” which won
the 1945 Academy Award for best
short documentary.
Years later, after he had long left
the service, Mr. Hatch recalled
that President Franklin D. Roose-
velt had been reluctant to release
gruesome images of dead Ma-
rines floating in the waters off Ta-
rawa, but that the journalist
Robert Sherrod had convinced
him that bringing the grim battle
home would rally Americans be-
Mr. Toon took part in negotiat-
ing SALT II with the Soviet Union,
an agreement that limited offen-
sive strategic weapons, but he
was dismayed when Secretary of
State Cyrus R. Vance bypassed
him in negotiating the pact’s final
details with the longtime Soviet
ambassador to Washington, Ana-
toly F. Dobrynin.
When the treaty was signed in
Vienna in June 1979 by President
Carter and the Soviet leader,
Leonid I. Brezhnev, Mr. Toon an-
gered the White House by publicly
questioning whether it provided a
sufficient means to verify Soviet
compliance. But he soon an-
nounced his support for the treaty,
saying the Pentagon had eased
his fears. In the end, the Senate
voted not to ratify it.
When Mr. Toon had arrived for
the SALT II summit meeting, he
was stunned to learn that Presi-
dent Carter planned to appoint
Thomas J. Watson Jr., a former
UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS
hind the war.
It had been Mr. Hatch’s choice
to risk his life to get those images.
“I was told by guys on the front
line that I didn’t have to be there,
and I would quietly tell them that I
did,” Mr. Hatch told NPR in 2010.
“The public had to know what we
were doing, and this was the only
way they would find out.”
A month before the Oscars,
which Mr. Hatch did not attend, he
had landed with fellow Marines on
Iwo Jima; his footage there was
incorporated in another documen-
tary, “To the Shores of Iwo Jima.”
Mr. Hatch assigned his col-
DENNIS COOK/ASSOCIATED PRESS
chairman of I.B.M., to succeed
him. Mr. Toon had planned to re-
tire soon, and he would do so that
October, but he further irritated
the White House when he was
openly critical of the practice of
giving ambassadorships to po-
litical supporters and others who
had no background in the Foreign
Service.
“For me and others at the em-
bassy, Toon was a fearsome pres-
ence,” James Schumaker, a For-
eign Service officer who worked
under him in Yugoslavia and the
Soviet Union, wrote in a memoir of
his time in Belgrade. “Everyone at
that post seemed to be a little bit
afraid of him, myself included.”
Malcolm Toon was one of four
children of George Toon, a stone-
cutter, and his wife, Margaret. He
was born on July 4, 1916, in Troy,
N.Y., a few years after his parents
had emigrated from Scotland. The
Toon family returned there when
he was 6, then came back to the
NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
MATT M cCLAIN FOR THE WASHINGTON POST,
VIA GETTY IMAGES
Footage that showed
what battle was like,
‘up close and dirty.’
league Bill Genaust to film the Ma-
rines’ flag-raising atop Mount Su-
ribachi. A small flag had been in-
stalled, but a larger one was or-
dered to be placed on the island’s
highest point. Mr. Genaust’s
footage was used to confirm that
the historic photograph of the
ASSOCIATED PRESS
United States and settled in
Northborough, Mass., about 50
miles west of Boston.
Mr. Toon graduated from Tufts
University in 1937 and received a
master’s degree from its Fletcher
School of Law and Diplomacy in
1938.
He commanded a PT boat in the
Pacific during World War II, then
joined the State Department. He
served in Poland, Haiti and Hun-
gary, received Russian-language
training and had stints in the Mos-
cow embassy in the 1950s and
’60s.
Mr. Toon was the third-ranking
embassy official in Moscow in
1965 when a Communist publica-
tion accused him of heading an
American spy ring, evidently a re-
sponse to Washington’s previous
expulsion of Russia’s No. 3
diplomat there in a spy case. The
accusations were denied, and Mr.
Toon was not expelled. In the late
1960s, he headed the State Depart-
ment’s office of Soviet affairs.
President Richard M. Nixon
named Mr. Toon ambassador to
Czechoslovakia in 1969. He be-
came ambassador to Yugoslavia
in 1971 and helped promote Ameri-
can investments there. He later
told of forging a close personal re-
lationship with the Yugoslav
leader Marshal Tito.
Mr. Toon was named ambassa-
dor to Israel in the spring of 1975
by President Ford. A few months
later, in an interview with Israeli
Army radio, he advised Israelis to
“tighten your belts and temper
your appetites” before seeking
large aid packages from America.
The remark brought a flurry of
letters to The Jerusalem Post,
Norman T. Hatch, far left, on
Iwo Jima in 1945. His footage
there was incorporated in the
documentary “To the Shores of
Iwo Jima.” Mr. Hatch, near left
in 2013, won an Academy
Award in 1945 for the docu-
mentary “With the Marines at
Tarawa,” above, made from his
1943 footage on Tarawa Atoll.
flag-raising, by Joe Rosenthal of
The Associated Press, had not
been staged. Mr. Genaust was
killed in action a week later.
Norman Thomas Hatch (he was
not named for the Socialist leader
Norman Thomas, his son said)
was born on March 2, 1921, in Bos-
ton and raised in Gloucester,
Mass. His father, Irving, an ex-
boxer and Pinkerton strikebreak-
er, was an auto dealer. His mother
was the former Ruth Frances
Colby.
Norman was an early camera
buff, joining his friends on expedi-
tions to a downtown burlesque
Malcolm Toon, second from
left, and his wife, Elizabeth,
riding a troika in the Soviet
Union in 1977, when he was
the ambassador there. Below,
Mr. Toon met with President
George Bush in 1992.
some criticizing Mr. Toon but oth-
ers backing him. Israel’s foreign
minister, Yigal Allon, remarked
that Mr. Toon was “the kind of am-
bassador we want”: a profes-
sional with influence at the State
Department. The Times quoted
one Israeli official as saying, “He’s
a most undiplomatic diplomat,
and I like him for it.”
Mr. Toon drew a rebuke from
the State Department in October
1975 over a speech he had given in
Haifa, Israel, two days earlier,
when he said that the Egyptian
president, Anwar el-Sadat, “had
chosen to embarrass the presi-
dent of the United States” with
anti-Jewish remarks at a Wash-
ington luncheon. He also specu-
lated about the possibility of
American intervention in Leba-
non over Muslim-Christian strife.
But a Reuters report from Wash-
ington said a department spokes-
man had not specified how Mr.
Toon had departed from United
States policy.
In the 1990s, Mr. Toon was co-
chairman of the American delega-
tion to the newly created United
States-Russia Joint Commission
on POW/MIA Affairs, which was
charged with investigating the
fate of American prisoners of war
and those missing in action from
World War II, the Korean War, the
Vietnam War and the Cold War.
Mr. Toon was survived by his
son, Alan; his daughters Nancy
Toon and Barbara Lindenbaum;
and three grandchildren. His wife,
the former Elizabeth Jane Taylor,
died in 1996 at 77. He was buried in
Arlington National Cemetery,
alongside her.
While Mr. Toon was ambassa-
dor to the Soviet Union, his daugh-
ters presented him with a T-shirt
embroidered with the word
“Hard-liner.”
But in a speech in Philadelphia
in September 1977, he expressed a
more nuanced view. On the one
hand he defined the thaw in Amer-
ican-Soviet relations known as dé-
tente as “a growing sense in this
nuclear age of the need to cooper-
ate on some matters, to regulate
competition on others and to
agree on the means of defusing
tensions which could lead to dan-
gerous confrontation.”
On the other, he said, “I do not
hold with the fuzzy-headed notion
that all we have to do is sit down
and reason with the Soviets and
everything will be all right.”
theater to secretly photograph the
dancers. After graduating from
high school, he joined the Marines
at 18; his parents, he said, could
not afford to send him to college.
As a Marine he trained with
documentarians who worked for
Time Inc. creating the “March of
Time” newsreels. He was then as-
signed to the Marine Corps Photo-
graphic Services Branch as a staff
sergeant.
A propaganda film featuring
Sergeant Hatch and his footage
was released in 1944 as “I Was
There Tarawa.”
He married the former Lois
Rousseau. Besides his son, he is
survived by his wife and a daugh-
ter, Colby Hatch.
After the war, Mr. Hatch sold
photographic equipment and later
ran a photo agency. He also
worked as a civilian audiovisual
adviser in the Pentagon and as a
consultant to the White House
press office and to Congress. He
rose to major in the Marine Corps
Reserve.
He also collaborated with
Charles Jones on a book titled
“War Shots: Norm Hatch and the
U.S. Marine Corps Combat Cam-
eramen of World War II” (2011).
Tarawa measured about 400
acres, and after the battle the
casualty toll raised questions,
even among those in the Pacific
Theater high command. In his au-
tobiography, in which he was criti-
cal of the Navy, Lieut. Gen. Hol-
land McT. Smith wrote: “Was Ta-
rawa worth it? My answer is un-
qualified: No.”
But Adm. Chester W. Nimitz,
who became commander in chief
of the Pacific Fleet, disagreed.
“The capture of Tarawa,” he said,
“knocked down the front door to
the Japanese defenses in the Cen-
tral Pacific.”
4 THEATER 5 THEATER

Michael Moore is bringing Laura and Linda

his outrage to Broadway.
2 MUSIC
Benanti, sparring
Jazz Fest defies trends in and ready to sing.
New Orleans. BY JON PARELES BY DAVE ITZKOFF

NEWS CRITICISM TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 C1

N

MICHIKO KAKUTANI
BOOKS OF THE TIMES

Traveling Side by Side On Obama;

The dynamic between
the Stapletons is one of
And On,
country’s great treats. And On,
And On
By JON CARAMANICA
FRANKLIN, TENN. — At a Chris Stapleton
concert, there is incendiary singing, rich
celebrations of country music tradition and,
most important, the eye thing. A biography takes a long,
It happens frequently onstage when that long look at the former
country singer and his wife, Morgane, face
each other, not the crowd, and hold each oth- president’s early years.
er’s gaze for seconds, sometimes minutes.
It is a shocking reframing of live perform- “RISING STAR,” the voluminous 1,460-
ance. Even though the show is technically page biography of Barack Obama by
Mr. Stapleton’s, with Ms. Stapleton singing David J. Garrow, is a dreary slog of a
backup, and even though there is an audi- read: a bloated, tedious and — given
ence rapturously watching, often it feels as
its highly intemperate epilogue — ill-
if the whole room is reduced to wordless,
considered book that is in desperate
loving conversation between two people.
“We’re married so we hold each other ac- need of editing, and way more ex-
countable,” Mr. Stapleton said last month on hausting than exhaustive.
the family ranch in this unassuming town Many of the more revealing mo-
30 minutes and several light-years south of ments in this volume will be familiar
Music Row in Nashville. “We can lift each to readers of Obama’s own memoir,
other up on bad nights, kind of give each “Dreams From My Father”; a host of
other a wink when we screw up or do some- earlier books about Obama and his
thing funny.” family; and myriad profiles of the for-
The dynamic between the two is one of mer president that have appeared in
country’s great treats, a vivid display of af- newspapers and magazines over the
fection that elevates their music. It also cre- years. Garrow has turned up little
ates a showcase for Ms. Stapleton, who,
over a decade ago, was an aspiring country
Rising Star:
star with a record deal of her own. Her har-
The Making of
monies are some of the most affecting parts
Barack Obama
of “From a Room: Volume 1,” Mr. Stapleton’s
By David J.
second solo album, which will be released
Garrow
on Friday, two years after “Traveller,” his
debut, which went platinum and earned him
two Grammys, five Country Music Associa-
tion awards and the somewhat unexpected that’s substan-
role of high-profile vintage country tially new —
preservationist. save for identi-
Like “Traveller,” “From a Room” is earth- fying and inter-
en, rich with tradition, has a tactile intensity viewing an old girlfriend from Oba-
and is carefully measured. It’s full of songs ma’s early Chicago years, who claims
about romantic disappointment and people that by 1987, “he already had his sights
letting each other down, often with the Sta- on becoming president.”
pletons singing in devastating harmony, In the absence of thoughtful analy-
like on “Last Thing I Needed, First Thing sis or a powerful narrative through
This Morning” and “Up to No Good Livin’.” line, Garrow’s book settles for barrag-
“Traveller” kickstarted Mr. Stapleton’s ing the reader with a cascade of de-
solo career (after years in bands, and one tails — seemingly in hopes of creating
false solo start) and, as a bonus, revived his a kind of pointillist picture. The prob-
wife’s as well. lem is that all these data points never
The two met in 2003. Both were songwrit- connect to form an illuminating por-
ers who plied their trade in adjacent build- trait; the book does not open out to be-
ings, and Ms. Stapleton was close friends come the sort of resonant narrative
with the woman responsible for pushing Mr. that Robert A. Caro and Ron Chernow
Stapleton’s songs to singers who might have pioneered, in which momentous
record them. After a few months, he asked if historical events are deftly recreated,
CONTINUED ON PAGE C2 and a subject’s life is situated in a time
and a place. Instead, Garrow has ex-
pended a huge amount of energy —
The singer Chris Stapleton his bibliography, including interviews
and Morgane, his wife, also with more than a thousand people,
a musician, on their runs to 35 pages — on giving us mi-
property in Franklin, Tenn. CONTINUED ON PAGE C6
KYLE DEAN REINFORD FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

They’re Like a Sitcom. Really.

MAARTEN DE BOER/NBCUNIVERSAL
Kathy Wigfield, above left,
and her daughter Tracey
Wigfield, the showrunner of
NBC’s “Great News.” At
right, Briga Heelan, center
left, with Andrea Martin, on
the set of the new series.
A mother and daughter
inspired NBC’s ‘Great News.’
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM
Tracey Wigfield is a rising star in television
comedy, a Tina Fey protégée who won an
Emmy as one of the youngest writers on “30
Rock” and is now the creator and showrun-
ner of a new NBC sitcom, “Great News.”
Among the comedy writing in-crowd,
however, her mother, Kathy, is nearly as
well known.
Kathy Wigfield may be the only 61-year-
old paralegal from suburban New Jersey
who texts regularly with Mindy Kaling —
her daughter’s former boss on “The Mindy
Project” — and spent a family vacation at
Disney World with Ms. Fey. At a party after
the “30 Rock” finale in 2013, Jack McBrayer,
who played Kenneth the page, approached
Mrs. Wigfield and told her, “You’re like ev-
eryone’s mom.”
Sitting beside her daughter recently over
frittatas at Sarabeth’s on Central Park
South, Mrs. Wigfield laughed at the memo-
ry. “I look at them as like my little kids,” she
said, smiling.
Now, Wigfield mother and daughter, who
speak every day and call each other their
best friends, are having an onscreen mo-
ment. Their relationship inspired “Great
News,” which features a New Jersey
mother named Carol Wendelson — played
with septuagenarian pizazz by Andrea
Martin — who lands an internship at the lo-
cal TV news station where her daughter,
Katie (Briga Heelan), works as a producer.
CONTINUED ON PAGE C6
EMILY BERL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

JON PARELES CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

A New Orleans Institution, Defying Trends

The Jazz and Heritage Festival

maintains its mission of
showcasing regional talent.
NEW ORLEANS — The sound of the New Or-
leans Jazz and Heritage Festival is a synco-
pated beat: rooted in Africa, mingled with
elements from Europe and the Americas,
transmitted through generations, played by
hand and determined to get people dancing.
The beat doesn’t have to sell a song; it’s a
joy in itself. It’s proudly old-fashioned, cele-
brating its own history. Yet it lives in the im-
mediate present, the moment when music
generates motion.
Jazz Fest, as everyone calls it, is as stub-
bornly exceptional and as proudly nostalgic
as the city it reflects. First presented in 1970,
the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival
became one template for the modern pop
festival, like Coachella or Bonnaroo, with
music on multiple stages, assorted nonmu-
sic exhibitions, and food and crafts vendors
geared to the crowd.
But where other major festivals tend to
PHOTOGRAPHS BY BRYAN TARNOWSKI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

be brief invasions of their locales, Jazz Fest
is an institution, inseparable from the city
where it also sponsors free events through
the year and supports the only-in-New-Or-
leans public radio station WWOZ. And
where other major festivals have current
pop hitmakers as their big draws, along
with an undercard of new acts striving to
reach the main stage in a year or two, Jazz
Fest prizes the regional over the national,
putting just a few big names in headlining
spots.
Its first weekend this year, which started
last Friday, included Lorde, Usher with the
Roots, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers,
Elle King, the Trey Anastasio Band, Ala-
bama Shakes and Maroon 5. Its second half,
starting on Thursday, has scheduled Stevie
Wonder, Dave Matthews, Snoop Dogg and
Wilco. Nearly everything else — except,
this year, for a contingent of superb bands
from Cuba — stays local and familiar, as un-
trendy as a festival can be. (The festival
ends of Sunday.) Onstage during the festi-
val, I saw more Sousaphones than laptops.
The visiting pop headliners attract home-
town residents and a youth contingent. Out-
of-towners — many grizzled and wearing
Hawaiian-style souvenir shirts from previ-
ous Jazz Fests — return for an annual im-
mersion in Louisiana lore. That means
brass bands and Mardi Gras Indians, who
perform on stages and — simulating the
city’s continuing street traditions — in mini-
parades through the fairgrounds where the
festival is held. It also means blues, zydeco
from bayou country and a Jazz Fest touch-
stone, the gospel tent, where singers,
preachers and choirs of everyday wor-
shipers belt out praises and gratitude.
Jazz Fest’s New Orleans aesthetic is de-
fined not by the big pop chorus but by live,
danceable grooves. New Orleans audiences
appreciate instrumental music; Jazz Fest
has long been hospitable to jam bands and,
this year, to bands like Tom Petty and the
Heartbreakers, whose live sets move to-
ward improvisation. The “heritage” in the
festival’s name also looms large. Jazz Fest
glorifies genre as much as individual musi-
cianship; New Orleans is full of performers
who proudly steep themselves in vintage
styles and a shared repertoire, handed
down from parent to child and embraced by
musicians who move into the city.
New Orleans honors its ancestors, keep-
ing old songs current and paying tribute in
ways that go deeper than borrowing sure-
fire hits, although this year’s Jazz Fest had
its share of crowd-pleasing Prince covers.
Inevitably, over 48 years Jazz Fest has
faced generational change and loss; this
year’s lineup included sets devoted to defin-
itive New Orleans figures like the tradi-
tional jazz clarinetist Pete Fountain and the
songwriter Allen Toussaint.
Visiting musicians often adapt to Jazz
Fest, not the other way around. Nas, the
New York rapper, played with the Soul
Rebels, a New Orleans brass band, remind-
ing listeners that “these are my roots, too.”
More subtly, the festival leads listeners to
hear musical kinships — particularly, this
year, from a Cuban contingent that included
Gente de Zona, a reggaetón group that has
won a Latin Grammy, and the Septeto Na-
cional de Ignacio Piñeiro, founded in 1927,
playing vintage-style Cuban son. There are
longstanding ties between the music of New
Orleans and of the Caribbean, particularly
Cuba; what Jelly Roll Morton called the
“Spanish tinge” was actually the Afro-Cu-
ban rhythms that made their way into New
Orleans Mardi Gras music, jazz and R&B.
Bouncing across the fairgrounds field,
mingling with second-line brass-band
drums, Mardi Gras Indian chants and the
hooting, ratcheting two-steps of zydeco
bands (like Dwayne Dopsie and the Zydeco
Hellraisers), their syncopations joined the
New Orleans mix, sounding right at home.
Notable acts from the 2017 New Orleans
Jazz and Heritage Festival included:
LORDE Like an emissary from a separate
pop planet, Lorde played a headlining set
that defied Jazz Fest customs. She had
party songs, but they were about feeling
isolated; she had beats that she danced to,
but they were stark and somber. Part of her
music, notably backup vocals, was canned.
And she brought the same songs from her
coming album, “Melodrama,” that she had
performed a week earlier at Coachella. But
her own singing was impassioned and drew
ardent, verse-and-chorus singalongs on
songs from her debut album; and she
charmed the crowd by singing a snippet
from Tom Petty, who was playing on the
other main stage, and noting her dangerous
attraction to beignets. Three songs into her
set, she had noticed the New Orleans differ- Scenes from the New Orleans
ence: “You guys have danced more than the Jazz and Heritage Festival’s
entirety of Coachella,” she said. first weekend included,
USHER AND THE ROOTS Usher didn’t bring his
clockwise from top left,
elaborate arena-concert setup or his elec- crawfish to go; a jazz funeral
tronics-loving band to Jazz Fest. Instead, he for the clarinetist Pete
Fountain, who died in 2016;
collaborated with the Roots, reworking his
Usher, who performed with the
music with live muscle rather than pro-
Roots; an impassioned Lorde;
gramming, meshing his own songs with
and Dwayne Dopsie and the
soul oldies and testing himself as an old-
Zydeco Hellraisers.
school soul man. He easily seduced the
densely packed crowd, promising “so many
ways to love you” and carrying the peak of
his set toward a galloping gospel climax. He
also shared time with the Roots, ceding the
stage to their rapper, Black Thought, for
dense, breakneck rhymes of his own.
STANTON MOORE The drummer Stanton
Moore, who plays constantly around New
Orleans, previewed his next album, due in
July: a tribute to Allen Toussaint featuring
Cyrille Neville on vocals. Mr. Moore is used
to stirring up a dance floor; his drumming
was steady and unstoppable, pushing to-
ward peaks. With a drummer’s wit, he
switched Toussaint’s “Everything I Do
Gonna Be Funky” into a 5/4 meter that
might trip up dancers, and kept it funky
anyway.
TELMARY Y HABANA SANA The Cuban poet,
rapper and songwriter Telmary Diaz didn’t
rely on her words alone to get across her so-
cially conscious messages. She had a full
Latin band, playing the sinuous rhythms of
son and speedy, percussive rumba, sur-
rounding her with melodic refrains.

Onstage and Off, Traveling Side by Side

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
she’d like to write a song together. She pro-
posed Friday at 6 p.m., a time when not
much songwriting gets done. Four years
later they were married. They have two
children, now 6 and 8.
When they met, Ms. Stapleton was signed
to the label Arista Nashville under her
maiden name, Morgane Hayes. “I think the
label was looking for Gretchen Wilson, the
total package — a crazy talented woman,
who could write great songs and sing the
hell out of them,” Ms. Stapleton said. “I was
still trying to find my voice.”
Though she recorded about three al-
bums’ worth of songs, she never formally
released any music. Her Myspace page sur-
vives, revealing a tender-voiced singer with
sass and a dark streak. (Check out the wry
“We Just Talk About It” and the bitter “We
Tried.” She sang demos for $60 a pop (until
someone told her she could charge $125),
and backed up Lee Ann Womack on tour.
She had some success as a songwriter, in-
cluding on Carrie Underwood’s “Don’t For-
get to Remember Me,” which went to No .2
on the Billboard country songs chart.
Though Ms. Stapleton played her own
shows occasionally, she hated the spotlight.
As a young singer, she performed with her
sister, but standing out in front, alone, un-
nerved her: “I broke out in hives one time —
A vivid, often wordless
display of affection that
elevates their music.
I don’t remember why. I have an aversion to
the spotlight. It’s not for everybody.”
Then, as now, Mr. and Ms. Stapleton
shared the stage, though then it was Mr.
Stapleton backing her on guitar. “He defi-
nitely gave me a boost of ‘you can do this’ —
not because he said it, but just because he
was standing with me,” she said. But Mr.
Stapleton wasn’t seeking the limelight, ei-
ther. “I think it’s why he’s always got a
beard, he’s always got long hair.”
She asked to be released from her record
contract, and for years largely avoided the
stage. Before “Traveller,” Ms. Stapleton oc-
casionally joined Mr. Stapleton’s set, but
during the tour for that album, her presence
became more frequent, and more integral.
“I don’t remember the moment, but I re-
member feeling like I can’t miss this any-
more,” she said. Now when the Stapletons
tour, it is as a family, with Ms. Stapleton’s
mother home schooling the children.
“When we weren’t taking the kids, I always
felt like I couldn’t win,” Ms. Stapleton said.
“I was always in the wrong place.”
KYLE DEAN REINFORD FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Now, the show is incomplete without
their interplay, Mr. Stapleton’s lionesque
roar against Ms. Stapleton’s rustic balm.
“I was singing with Chris long before he
knew I was singing with him,” she said, re-
membering how she would ask his publish-
ing representative for “volumes of his
songs, CDs of everything he’d ever written
up until that point, and I would take them
home and study and sing along.”
Chris Stapleton on the family
ranch. His 2015 debut album,
“Traveller,” went platinum.
And she is a major driving force in Mr.
Stapleton’s song selection. “From a Room”
is made up of songs written many years
ago, drawn from a 1,000-deep catalog. (Part
2 of the album is due this year.)
“She is such a great litmus,” said Dave
Cobb, Mr. Stapleton’s producer. “She has a
huge input on what becomes the sound of
the record.”
Ms. Stapleton has recently released one
song where she is credited first (alongside
her husband): a scintillating, bluesy cover
of “You Are My Sunshine,” on a compilation
by Mr. Cobb. “They light each other up,” Mr.
Cobb said. “He knows that when she walks
in the room, he’s got to make it better.”
The trust runs both ways. “I don’t have to
be medicated anymore to get onstage,” she
said. “I used to be so afraid that I would
have to take beta blockers so I wouldn’t
shake.” Though Ms. Stapleton has no spe-
cific plans to release more music under her
name, “recently we’ve had a few conversa-
tions of, ‘Hey, what would that be?’ ” she
said. “Just casual conversation, really.”
If it happens, it will certainly be with Mr.
Stapleton at her side, probably with eyes
fixed on each other.
“As much as I can talk about him being a
comfort to me, I think in that way I also am a
comfort to him,” she said. “We can look at
each other and know, ‘O.K., I got you.’”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N C3

Arts, Briefly
N E W S F R O M T H E C U LT U R A L W O R L D

Kendrick Lamar Ready, Set, Go

At No. 1 for 2nd Week YOUR DAILY ARTS FIX

For the second week in a row, the

Billboard album chart is all about
Kendrick Lamar.
Mr. Lamar’s new album,
“DAMN.” (Interscope), holds at
No. 1, with 87,000 copies sold and
204 million streams in the United
States, according to Nielsen.
Those numbers helped give it the
equivalent of 238,000 album
sales, according to Nielsen and
Billboard’s chart formulas, and
put the album by Mr. Lamar,
right, far above anything else on
the chart.
Drake, the king of streaming
hip-hop, had 97 million streams
for the songs on his latest
playlist, “More Life” (Republic),
which came out six weeks ago
and lands this week at No. 2. But
the album’s tiny sales quotient —
the full collection sold just fewer
than 6,000 copies — contributed
to a low total equivalent number
of 77,000.
Also this week, Ed Sheeran’s
“÷” (Atlantic) is No. 3; the rock
band Incubus opened at No. 4
with its new album, “8” (Island);
and Bruno Mars is in fifth place
with “24K Magic” (Atlantic), now
in its 23rd week on the chart.
BEN SISARIO
Atlantic Theater
Unveils New Season
“Hangmen,” Martin McDonagh’s
Olivier Award-winning play,
which had its premiere in London
in 2015, is to be seen in the United
States for the first time as part of
the Atlantic Theater Company’s
2017-18 season, that Off Broadway
theater announced on Monday.
Many of Mr. McDonagh’s earli-
er plays, including “The Beauty
Queen of Leenane” and “The
Pillowman,” were produced on
Broadway. “Hangmen” was
nominated for three Oliviers, the
equivalent of the Tony Awards,
and won for best new play and
best set design. This black com-
edy, about what happens to
Britain’s second-best hangman
on the day hanging is abolished,
is scheduled to run at the Atlan-
tic from Jan. 18 through March 4.
Stephen Trask, the Grammy
Award-winning composer and
lyricist of “Hedwig and the An-
gry Inch,” will present the world
premiere of his musical “This
Ain’t No Disco” (May 11 through
July 1), written with Peter
Yanowitz, who was a drummer
for the Wallflowers and for the
band in the Broadway debut
production of “Hedwig,” in 2014.
The musical, about drifters
and dreamers amid the grit of
1979 New York, features a book
by Rick Elice and will be directed
by Trip Cullman (“Six Degrees of
Separation.”)
Among the season’s other
premieres are “On the Shore of
the Wide World” (Aug. 23
through Oct. 1), by Simon
Stephens, a Tony winner for
“The Curious Incident of the Dog
in the Night-Time”; “Describe
the Night” (Nov. 1 through Dec.
17), by Rajiv Joseph, whose
“Guards at the Taj” ran at the
Atlantic in 2015; Ngozi Anyan-
wu’s “The Homecoming Queen”
(Jan. 10 through Feb. 11); and
Lauren Yee’s “The Great Leap”
(May 23 through June 17).
JOSHUA BARONE
La MaMa Moves! Goes
Online for 2017 Festival
This year, the La MaMa Moves!
Dance Festival is breaking out of
its small downtown theaters and
onto the internet.
The festival, which runs from
May 18 through June 4 and has a
reputation for tapping into timely
topics like climate change and
gender, will crowdsource
choreography for “#Here to
Dance,” an online project about
human rights.
Three local dance creators —
Annie-B Parson, Raja Feather
Kelly and a third choreographer
to be announced — will provide
‘MADAMA BUTTERFLY’
Antonio Pappano conducts
Puccini’s opera in this replay
of a live broadcast from the
Royal Opera in Britain. Find
participating cinemas at roh
.org.uk/screenings.
‘HOW TO TRANSCEND A
RICH FURY/GETTY IMAGES HAPPY MARRIAGE’ Sarah
Ruhl’s play about polyamory
dancer Rady Nget, which shares
a program with Yoshiko Chuma
closes on May 7. 8 p.m. at the
Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater.
(far left, with Dane Terry).
“PI=3.14 . . . Dead End, Hey! All 212-239-6200, lct.org
Women!,” Ms. Chuma’s new
work, features a changing cast
including Vicky Shick, Jodi Mel-
nick and Irene Hultman. Also on
that bill is Orlando Zane Hunger
Jr. and Ricarrdo Valentine’s “how
SANTIAGO MEJIA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES to survive a plague,” about the
AIDS epidemic.
direction for dancers around the The 2016 Bessie Award-win-
world to submit one-minute ning choreographer Ephrat
works in response to human- Asherie will present “Odeon,” a
rights abuses. work set to music by the Brazil-
Those will be shared online, ian composer Ernesto Nazareth.
then screened during the festi- And Patricia Hoffbauer’s “Get-
val’s Dancing in the Street Block ting Away With Murder,” about LIMÓN DANCE COMPANY
Party, on May 20. the history of abuses against This modern-dance troupe
Nine world premieres, two women, will have cameos by returns to the Joyce Theater.
United States premieres and one performers including the 7:30 p.m.
New York premiere are also on choreographer Yvonne Rainer. 212-242-0800, joyce.org
tap. Highlights include “My The full lineup and tickets will
Memory,” choreographed and be available at lamama.org.
performed by the Cambodian JOSHUA BARONE

FROM THE AUTHOR OF THE #1 BESTSELLING PHENOMENON ANGELIKA FILM CENTER 34 WEST 13TH ST QUADCINEMA.COM TUES SHOWTIMES
THE ROSIE PROJECT
www.angelikafilmcenter.com
Corner of Houston & Mercer 995-2000 NEW RELEASES
ONE WEEK AND A DAY A QUIET PASSION TERENCE DAVIES
10.55AM 1.25PM 4 6.35 7.50 9.10
GRAEME
“An EXTRAORDINARY literary treat.”
10:00AM, 12:15, 2:35, 5:00, 7:25, 9:45PM
HAROLD & LILLIAN: A HOLLYWOOD LOVE STORY
SIMSION BUSTER’S MAL HEART 11.05AM 12.40PM 2.50 5.05 7.15
—REDBOOK 10:10AM, 12:20, 3:10, 5:20, 7:35, 10:00PM SLACK BAY BRUNO DUMONT 11.30AM 3PM LAST 3 DAYS!
MAURIZIO CATTELAN 1PM 9.35 LAST 3 DAYS!
THEIR FINEST REPERTORY & REVIVALS
10:00, 11:00AM, 12:45, 1:45, 3:30, 4:30,

Crossword
6:15, 7:10, 9:00, 9:55PM HORROR DOUBLE FEATURE - TWO FOR TUESDAY
JUST BEFORE DAWN &
RAW BLUE SUNSHINE 4K RESTORATION
Edited by Will Shortz 10:20AM, 12:30, 3:05, 5:20, 7:45, 10:10PM 7PM DIRECTOR JEFF LIEBERMAN IN PERSON!
MINNELLI’S THE FOUR HORSEMEN
TRUMAN OF THE APOCALYPSE 4PM 35MM
PUZZLE BY DAVID J. KAHN 10:00AM, 3:00, 10:30PM THE FILMS OF LINA WERTMÜLLER
ACROSS 39 Capital city with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 LION 12:30, 5:30, 8:00 PM
SWEPT AWAY 1.50PM 10.15 2K RESTORATION
SEVEN BEAUTIES 5.30PM 2K RESTORATION
1 Like some only about 1,000
basketball shots residents [2016] 14 15 16
and unwanted 44 Stew morsel LINCOLN PLAZA
calls 17 18 19 CINEMAS
45 “Right away!” 1886 BROADWAY BETWEEN 62ND & 63RD STREETS
Advance Tickets - lincolnplazacinema.com For more information call (212)757-2280
8 Slangy turndown 46 Geraint’s wife, in 20 21 22 NATASHA JEREMIAH TOWER:
11 Law man Arthurian legend 12:00, 1:50, 4:20, 6:50, 9:10PM
THE LAST MAGNIFICENT

14 Woo
47 Understand 23 24 25 26 OBIT. 12:00, 2:30, 5:00, 7:30, 10:15

49 Rallying cry?
1:25, 3:25, 5:50, 8:10, 10:10PM
NORMAN:
15 ___ crossroads 27 28 29 30 31 32 CITIZEN JANE: BATTLE FOR THE CITY 3*LAST THE MODERATE RISE AND TRAGIC FALL
51 “Gloria in DAYS!*
12:25, 2:10, 4:10, 6:40, 8:45PM OF A NEW YORK FIXER •Q
16 “… fish ___ fowl” Excelsis ___” NORMAN: THE MODERATE RISE & TRAGIC FALL 12:05, 2:35, 4:30, 5:10, 7:35, 10:00

17 Markswoman (hymn)
33 34 35 36 37 38 11:50AM, 2:25, 4:50, 7:20, 9:45PM THE LOST CITY OF Z •
1:00, 4:00, 7:00, 8:00, 9:45
dubbed “Little 52 Landlord’s A QUIET PASSION
Sure Shot”
39 40 41 42 43 11:30AM, 2:00, 4:30, 7:00, 9:30PM YOUR NAME
register [1996] THE ZOOKEEPER’S WIFE *LAST (Subtitled:) 12:15, 2:40, 5:05, 7:15, 9:30
[1977] 56 Ring on a string 44 45 46 12:20, 2:45, 7:25, 9:50PM
3 DAYS!*
KEDI
*LAST
19 Male swan 58 Columbia, for FRANTZ 11:10AM, 5:15PM 3 DAYS!*
(Partially subtitled) 12:30, 2:45
47 48 49 50 51
20 Site of two one
French banks 59 Winds down in a 52 53 54 55 56 57
21 Free from pit?
22 Prefix with center 61 Boise’s home 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
65 President pro ___
23 High lines 65 66 67
66 Award won by
25 Variety of pool
the starts of
[1982] 17-, 25-, 39-
68 69 70

27 2017 N.C.A.A. and 52-Across 71 72 73

basketball and 11- and
champs 29-Down
5/2/17
30 Opposite of a 68 ___-la-la
gulp may be 1 They
12 Commotion 41 Series ender:
69 Get a good look
at strapless or 13 Clay character Abbr.
32 Rapidly
padded in old “S.N.L.”
spreading over
70 Country north of 42 Run out of
the internet 2 Solo
Latvia sketches power

KenKen
33 Mushroom or 71 3 Luxury hotel
Hankering 18 They’re related
43 Commotion
balloon chain 24 Search (through)
72 70-Across, e.g., 47 Courageously
35 Group that 4 Oscar winner for
formerly: Abbr. 26 1996 Foo
“Hannah and Her persistent Answers to
takes pledges,
73 TV’s “Maverick” Fighters hit Previous Puzzles
informally Sisters”
or “Gunsmoke” 27 “That’s awful!” 48 Noted colonial
5 Prepares to be silversmith
38 Massage target? DOWN 28 Hunters’ org.
knighted 50 Bank jobs
29 Superloyal
6 Prefix with employee
ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE tourism
53 Follows orders
[1971]
7 Sweetie 54 Deadbeat, e.g.
J A G S P E P E B R O M O 31 Crackerjacks
A C U P E X I T R E N E W 8 Nita of silent 34 Oscar winner 55 Tennis call
I N S I S T E N T A H E M S films for “Hannah and 57 Buffoon
L E T T H E M E A T C A K E 9 Used as the Her Sisters”
60 Eurasian duck
E A R P R E S surface for a 36 Caste member
O F F W I T H H E R H E A D meal 37 Means of 62 Teen woe
U H A U L Y U K S B E E 10 Antihistamine avoiding an uphill 63 Wig, e.g.
C A R L D O P E S H E R B target climb
64 Pearl Buck
L I S L O A N S A R I S 11 400 meters, for 40 Blankets
heroine
A R I E A N T O I N E T T E an Olympic track for open-air
[2012] travelers 67 Helpfulness Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each
S T U S O R T
heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or
C A P I T A L O F F E N S E
division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6.
M O U R N S A L E S R O O M Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles,
For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: nytimes@kenken.com
C U R I O T I D E A D A M nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).
KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2017 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved.
S P A T S A C E S S E R A Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.
C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Michael Moore said that his show, “The Terms of My Surrender,” starting in July, would simultaneously be entertaining and infuriating.
Aiming at Trump, Onstage
Michael Moore is heading to
Broadway with ‘The Terms of
My Surrender.’
By MICHAEL PAULSON
Michael Moore has brought his zeal, his hu-
mor and his outrage to film, television and
books. And now he’s bringing them to
Broadway.
This left-wing provocateur is not shy
about his agenda, made explicit on a prelim-
inary poster for the production, which
poses the question, in all capital letters,
“Can a Broadway show bring down a sitting
president?”
His plan, he said, is to perform a scripted
(but also responsive to the news) one-man
(more-or-less) show, called “The Terms of
My Surrender,” eight times a week for 12
weeks, starting in July. He said that the
show would simultaneously be entertaining
and infuriating — not stand-up comedy, not
a TED Talk, not a rally — but “a very devel-
oped piece of entertainment for people who
like to think.”
“It’s a humorous play about a country
that’s just elected a madman — I mean,
there’s really no other way to put it,” he said
in an interview at Sardi’s, the theater dis-
trict mainstay.
He was characteristically shlumpy, in an
oversized black pullover hoodie and a red
49ers baseball cap; gracious to the passers-
by who thanked him for his activism and
asked for a handshake or a selfie; and
thoughtful about theater, as he explained
what a firebrand was doing amid the “Cats”
crowd.
BROADWAY
NEW YORK TIMES CRITICS' PICK!
TODAY AT 7
A BRONX TALE
Broadway's New Hit Musical
ABronxTaleTheMusical.com
Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200
Groups 10+ 877-536-3437
Tu, Th 7; We 2 & 7; Fr 8; Sa 2 & 8; Su 3
LONGACRE THEATRE (+), 220 W. 48TH
2 DRAMA DESK AWARD
NOMINATIONS INCLUDING
BEST ACTRESS IN A PLAY
LAURIE METCALF
3 OUTER CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD
NOMINATIONS INCLUDING
BEST PLAY
“THE BREAKTHROUGH PLAY THAT THE
THEATER WORLD HAS BEEN
WAITING FOR.”
- Peter Marks, The Washington Post
12 WEEKS ONLY
TONIGHT AT 7, TOM'W AT 2 & 8
LAURIE METCALF
CHRIS COOPER
JAYNE HOUDYSHELL
CONDOLA RASHAD
A DOLL'S HOUSE
PART 2
A new play by LUCAS HNATH
Directed by SAM GOLD
Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200
DollsHousePart2.com
Golden Theatre (+), 252 W 45th St
“Exactly What You Wish For!” - NBC-TV
Disney Presents
ALADDIN
The Hit Broadway Musical
GREAT SEATS NOW AVAILABLE
Tonight at 7
T 7; W 1 & 7; Th 7; F 8; Sa 2 & 8; Su 3
AladdinTheMusical.com
866-870-2717
New Amsterdam Theatre (+) 214 W. 42 St.
“THE BEST NEW MUSICAL
OF THE SEASON!”
-The Huffington Post
TONIGHT AT 7
BANDSTAND
The New American Musical
Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200
BandstandBroadway.com
Tue, Thu 7; Fri 8; Wed, Sat 2 & 8; Sun 3
Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre (+)
ANTHONY TOMMASINI OPERA REVIEW
Scottish Knight;
Jealousy Issues
Joyce DiDonato scores a tions that were becoming dated
even in Handel’s day. But at his
triumph in ‘Ariodante.’ best, he dug in to tease out every
psychological current in his char-
In the middle of Handel’s “Ario- acters. And “Ariodante,” from
dante,” the title character makes 1735, is a masterpiece, especially
an uncomfortably convincing as performed on Sunday by an ex-
case for suicide. On Sunday, the ceptional cast.
mezzo-soprano Joyce DiDonato, In just the first few arias, Han-
singing the role in a concert per- del shows us, one by one, who
formance of the opera with the these characters are. “Ariodante”
conductor Harry Bicket and his opens as Ginevra (the bright-
English Concert chamber orches- voiced soprano Christiane Karg)
tra, held Carnegie Hall’s audience tells her attendant about her love
in thrall for nearly nine minutes as for Ariodante in an effusive ario-
she wrung every bit of emotion so. Yet fluttery touches in the mu-
from this music. sic suggest that the princess lacks
In this long aria, “Scherza in- some grounding. When Polinesso,
fida,” Ariodante, a Scottish knight, the preening duke, arrives and de-
imagines his beloved, the princess
Ginevra, frolicking with his rival, The English Concert: Ariodante
a duke. The slow, halting melody Performed Sunday at Carnegie Hall.
conveys both his longing and his
desolation; a curiously lilting bass
line for pizzicato strings seems to clares his love, Ginevra rebuffs
mock Ariodante with a hint of him in a feisty aria full of spitfire
SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Ginevra’s fickleness. In a somber runs.
middle section, the knight re- Her gullible attendant, Dalinda
solves to take his own life and re- (Mary Bevan, a luscious lyric so-
turn as a ghost to torment prano), has fallen for the duke, as
Ginevra. The music has such
grief-stricken elegance that for a
moment it almost convinces you
that this is possible.
she reveals in a demure aria sug-
gesting her vulnerability. Poli-
nesso (like Ariodante, a trouser
role, here nailed by the hearty
“We’re 10 blocks from Trump Tower, we’re
in the corporate capital of America, we’re in
present it in the 1,018-seat Belasco Theater.
Michael Mayer, a Tony winner for “Spring
The English Concert’s almost contralto Sonia Prina), sensing
annual visits to Carnegie since opportunity, feigns love for
the financial capital of America, we’re in the Awakening,” is the director, and David 2013 for concert performances of Dalinda in an audaciously manip-
media capital of America,” Mr. Moore said.
“If one was going to stand on a stage and do
Rockwell, a Tony winner for “She Loves Handel operas and oratorios have ulative aria.
Me,” will design the set. The show’s lead been highlights of several sea- The solid bass-baritone
the things that I’m going to do, there’s only producers are IMG Original Content, sons. Ms. DiDonato starred in the Matthew Brook, as the king; the
one place to do it, and it’s here in this city making its first stage venture, and Carole ensemble’s extraordinary “Al- spirited tenor Tyson Miller, as
and it’s right here at the epicenter of cre- Shorenstein Hays, a frequent Broadway Odoardo, the king’s aide; and the
cina” (2014), and the hall was
ative expression and free speech.” producer. sweet-voiced tenor David Portillo,
packed for “Ariodante,” one of
He said that he had been thinking about “I don’t know if I would call it a play; but it as Ariodante’s devoted brother,
Handel’s longest operas: The per-
trying his hand at theater for some time, but is a theater piece,’’ Mr. Mayer said. “There were all excellent. Mr. Bicket’s su-
formance lasted close to four
the election last year of Donald J. Trump as is going to be a certain amount of rabble- perb players brought clarity and
hours, with two intermissions. (It
president — which Mr. Moore correctly pre- rousing. There’s a good chance we’ll have suppleness to their stylish and re-
was webcast live on medici.tv and
dicted — provided an impetus to do it now. some surprise guests throughout the run, is now available for viewing fined playing. We can look for-
and some surprise postshow excursions there.) ward to the English Concert’s next
that will vary night to night.”
‘I think that On the surface, his operas, fol- Handel installment, when it re-
Mr. Moore, 63, became famous as a docu- lowing a parade-of-arias struc- turns in spring 2018 with “Rinal-
discombobulation might mentary filmmaker, bursting into public ture, may seem stuck in conven- do.”
be our most effective consciousness with the groundbreaking
path to undoing his “Roger and Me,” in 1989, about his home-
presidency.’ town, Flint, Mich., and winning an Oscar in
2003 for “Bowling for Columbine.” His the-
MICHAEL MOORE,
LEFT-WING PROVOCATEUR atrical experience is limited — he starred in
two plays in high school, and tested out
some of his new material in London.
But he has an unexpected fondness for
“Can something like this unravel an un-
theater. As a child, he spent summers with
hinged man?” he asked. “I think that dis-
relatives on Staten Island, and saw an occa-
combobulation might be our most effective
sional Broadway show, starting with “Fid-
path to undoing his presidency.” dler on the Roof.” He has seen a lot of one-
However, he said it was not solely about man and one-woman shows. He was even
the current president. “To say it’s just about once mugged in Times Square. And he
Trump would simplify it,” he said. “I think clearly believes in the power of theater to
people will find themselves laughing one effect change.
minute and wanting to go look for some “It was either this or the Ice Capades,” he
pitchforks and torches the next.” said. “I’ve made my movies. I’ve had two
Although Mr. Moore is a Broadway prime-time TV series. I’ve had eight books
novice, “The Terms of My Surrender” has on your best-seller lists. I’ve done a lot of
immediately attracted industry attention. things with the internet. But I haven’t done MICHELLE V. AGINS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
The Shubert Organization has agreed to this.” Joyce DiDonato, center, in the title role of Handel’s “Ariodante,” on Sunday.
OFF−BROADWAY
“OUT OF CONTROL AMAZING!” TONIGHT AT 7 TONIGHT AT 7, TOMORROW AT 2 & 8 “DELIGHTFUL, DELICIOUS & “HILARIOUS! NONSTOP
- The Wall Street Journal NY TIMES CRITICS' PICK “Captivating and gorgeous.” -Time Out NY DELOVELY!” PANDEMONIUM.” - EW
TONIGHT AT 7
INDECENT
-NY1
TOMORROW AND THURSDAY AT 7
THE PLAY THAT
Tonight at 7 BEST MUSICAL
BEAUTIFUL
2017 OLIVIER AWARD WINNER By Pulitzer Prize Winner Paula Vogel
KEVIN
THE CAROLE KING MUSICAL
GROUNDHOG DAY
Directed By Rebecca Taichman
KLINE GOES WRONG
Telecharge.com / 212-239-6200 Winner of 9 Tony Awards
Tu 7; We 2; Th 7; Fr 8; Sa 2 & 8; Su 2 & 7 Groups of 10+ call 866-302-0995 including BEST MUSICAL!
Telecharge.com/212-239-6200 THE MUSICAL IndecentBroadway.com OLIVIER WINNER! BEST NEW COMEDY
Groups of 10+ 1-800- BROADWAY ext. 2 Noel Coward's
CORT THEATRE (+), 138 W. 48th St.
PRESENT LAUGHTER
www.BeautifulOnBroadway.com Starring Andy Karl Tonight at 7 LAST CHANCE TO SEE CAGNEY
Book by Danny Rubin “Do you believe in theater, friend? Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200
Stephen Sondheim Theatre 124 W 43rd St IN NEW YORK - CLOSING MAY 28
KATE KRISTINE COBIE
Music & Lyrics by Tim Minchin If so, I say unto thee, go forth to the BroadwayGoesWrong.com
Directed by Matthew Warchus tabernacle otherwise known as the LYCEUM THEATRE (+), 149 W. 45TH ST. CAGNEY
Tu, Th 7; Fr 8; We, Sa 2 & 8; Su 3
Ticketmaster.com or (877) 250-2929 BURTON NIELSEN SMULDERS Eugene O'Neill and receive, full in the
face, a new testament. 'Mormon'
Hollywood's Tough Guy In Tap Shoes
Tue 7,Wed 2&8,Fri 2&8,Sat 2&8, Sun 3
GroundhogDayMusical.com Directed by Moritz Von Stuelpnagel chipperly ****cans all pieties...except the Tickets at Telecharge.com 212 239 6200
August Wilson (+), 245 W. 52nd St. Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929 sacred, mystic conventions of musical Groups (10+) 212 757 9117
LET THE MEMORY LIVE AGAIN “DAZZLING AND JOYOUS!” LaughterOnBroadway.com theater. And there in lies the real miracle. CagneyTheMusical.com
CATS Daily News ST. JAMES THEATRE (+), 246 W. 44th St After 'Mormon,' I like to imagine, the Westside Theatre (+) 407 W.43rd St.
Tonight at 7, Tomorrow at 2 & 8 Broadway musical might be free to be a “EXTRAORDINARY!” - The Star-Ledger
Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
KINKY BOOTS
Broadway musical again.” TONIGHT AT 8
Based on 'Old Possum's Book -Scott Brown, New York Magazine
of Practical Cats' by T.S. Eliot. Mark Ruffalo Tony Shalhoub
Book by Harvey Fierstein Jessica Hecht
Ticketmaster.com / 877-250-2929 Music & Lyrics by Cyndi Lauper
M & F 8, Tue & Thu 7, Sat 2 & 8, Sun 2 & 7 and Danny DeVito
Direction/Choreography by Jerry Mitchell Arthur Miller's
CatsBroadway.com
THE BOOK OF MORMON
Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929
Neil Simon Theatre (+) 250 West 52nd St Groups (10+): 1-800-BROADWAYx2
Tu & Th 7, Wed & Sat 2 & 8, Fri 8 877-250-2929 or Ticketmaster.com
THE PRICE
Directed by Terry Kinney
KinkyBootsTheMusical.com Groups 10+: 866-302-0995 ArthurMillersThePrice.com 212.719.1300
“CRAZY GOOD!” -Daily News
10 DRAMA DESK AWARD Al Hirschfeld Theatre (+), 302 W. 45th St. BookofMormonBroadway.com Group Sales: 212.719.9393
Tonight at 7, Tomorrow at 2 & 8
NOMINATIONS INCLUDING ALLISON JANNEY Tue - Thu 7; Fri 8; Sat 2 & 8; Su 2 & 7 American Airlines Theatre (+), 227 W 42 St
BEST REVIVAL OF A MUSICAL Eugene O'Neill Theatre (+), 230 W 49th St Tonight at 7pm - 8 Weeks Only!
JOHN BENJAMIN HICKEY
TONIGHT AT 7 “A Must See Extravaganza!” - Examiner
10 OUTER CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD COREY HAWKINS
Roald Dahl's NOMINATIONS INCLUDING JOHN GUARE'S ERNEST SHACKLETON
LOVES ME
BEST REVIVAL OF A MUSICAL
CHARLIE AND THE TOMORROW AT 2 & 8, THURSDAY AT 7 SIX DEGREES OF
CHOCOLATE FACTORY
An Epic Musical Adventure
THE NEW MUSICAL
“AN IMPECCABLE BLEND OF
TONIGHT AT 7
“A STUNNING AND JAW-DROPPING SEPARATION NOW STARRING SARA BAREILLES
Tonight at 7:30; Tom'w at 2 & 7:30
ErnestShackletonLovesMe.com
Or 866.811.4111
SPECTACLE AND STAR POWER, SPECTACLE.” - Variety Directed by TRIP CULLMAN
Book by DAVID GREIG THIS 'DOLLY!' IS CLASSIC
BROADWAY AT ITS BEST.” MISS SAIGON
Telecharge.com/212-239-6200
SixDegreesBroadway.com
WAITRESS Tony Kiser Theatre (+), 305 W. 43rd St.
Music by MARC SHAIMAN Music and Lyrics by Sara Bareilles
- Maya Stanton, Entertainment Weekly THE EPIC LOVE STORY OF OUR TIME Barrymore Theatre (+) 243 W. 47th St. DISNEY presents
Lyrics by Book by Jessie Nelson
SCOTT WITTMAN & MARC SHAIMAN
Starring CHRISTIAN BORLE BETTE
Mo, Th, Fr at 8; Tu at 7; We, Sa at 2 & 8
Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200 THE LION KING Directed by Diane Paulus
WaitressTheMusical.com
Scenic & Costume Design by SaigonBroadway.com The Award-Winning Best Musical Ticketmaster.com / 877-250-2929
MARK THOMPSON
Choreography by JOSHUA BERGASSE
MIDLER Broadway Theatre (+), 1681 Broadway
Tonight at 7 Brooks Atkinson Theatre (+), 256 W 47 St
HELLO,
T 7; W 2 & 7; Th 7; F 8; Sa 2 & 8; Su 3
Directed by JACK O'BRIEN lionking.com
Mo, Tu 7; We 1; Fr 8; Sa 2 & 8; Su 1 & 6:30
Lunt-Fontanne Theatre (+), 205 W. 46th St
Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929
DOLLY! 866-870-2717
Minskoff Theatre (+), B'way & 45th Street
also starring DAVID
Groups of 12+ Call 1-800-BROADWAY x2 FINAL 8 WEEKS - MUST END 6/25! Last 8 Performances!
CharlieOnBroadway.com “A MESMERIZING TRIUMPH!” -NBC-TV “AS GOOD AS BROADWAY GETS.” “The tip-top cast performs with brio.”
HYDE Tonight at 7
Tomorrow at 2 & 8
GLENN CLOSE
- New York Magazine -Variety
TONIGHT AT 8, TOMORROW AT 2 & 8
PIERCE THE MUSIC IS IRRESISTIBLE.
SUNSET BOULEVARD PATTI CHRISTINE Lincoln Center Theater Presents
HOW TO TRANSCEND A
THE STORY IS UNFORGETTABLE. LUPONE EBERSOLE
Music by ANDREW LLOYD WEBBER
ON YOUR FEET!
Based on The Matchmaker by
Tonight at 8; Thursday at 8 THORNTON WILDER
Book & Lyrics by DON BLACK &
CHRISTOPHER HAMPTON
Tonight at 7
HAPPY MARRIAGE
CHICAGO Book by
MICHAEL STEWART
The Emilio & Gloria Estefan Musical Based on the BILLY WILDER film
Directed by LONNY PRICE
Tonight at 7
Broadway's Longest-Running Musical WAR PAINT A New Play by Sarah Ruhl
Directed by Rebecca Taichman
The Musical Book by ALEXANDER DINELARIS Visit Telecharge.com; Call 212-239-6200 A NEW MUSICAL Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200
The #1 Longest-Running American Choreographed by SERGIO TRUJILLO Wed 2&8; Thu 7; Fri 8; Sat 2&8; Sun 3
THE PHANTOM OF
Music & Lyrics by Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929 Tu 7; We 2&8; Th & Fr 8; Sa 2&8; Su 3 www.lct.org
Musical in Broadway History! Directed by JERRY MITCHELL WarPaintMusical.com Mitzi E.Newhouse Theater(+),W.65th St.
Telecharge.com / 212-239-6200 JERRY HERMAN SunsetBoulevardtheMusical.com
THE OPERA
PALACE THEATRE (+) 47th & Broadway Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929
ChicagoTheMusical.com Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929 For Groups: 1-800-BROADWAYx2
Original Production OnYourFeetMusical.com
Mo, Tu, Th & Fr 8; Sa 2:30 & 8; Su 2:30 &7 Mon 8; Tue 7; Wed - Sat 8; Thu & Sat 2 Nederlander Theatre (+) 208 W. 41st St.
Directed & Choreographed by Tue 7; W 2&8; Thu 7; F8; Sa 2&8; Su 3
Ambassador Theatre (+) 219 W. 49th St. Grps: 800-BROADWAY or 866-302-0995
GOWER CHAMPION Marquis Theatre(+)210 W.46th St.
Majestic Theatre (+) 247 W. 44th St.
Choreographed by
WARREN CARLYLE
Directed by
BEST MUSICAL JERRY ZAKS
“BROADWAY'S BIGGEST
Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200 BLOCKBUSTER”
& Drama League Nominations WINNER! 2017 PULITZER PRIZE -The New York Times
Groups 10+: 866-302-0995 TONIGHT AT 7, TOMORROW AT 2 & 8 “A MUST-SEE PLAY.” FINAL 3 WEEKS! MUST CLOSE MAY 21
New York Times CRITICS' PICK! HelloDollyOnBroadway.com
“A madly engrossing wonder!” -NY Mag -Ben Brantley, The New York Times Tonight at 7 Max McLean as
Shubert Theatre (+), 225 W. 44th St.
C.S. LEWIS ONSTAGE:
TONIGHT AT 7
WICKED
Lincoln Center Theater Presents Tonight at 7, Tomorrow at 2 & 8
COME FROM AWAY OSLO SWEAT THE MOST RELUCTANT CONVERT
A New Musical A New Play by J.T. Rogers Written by LYNN NOTTAGE WickedtheMusical.com “Highly Entertaining!”
Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200 Directed by Bartlett Sher Directed by KATE WHORISKEY Tu&Th 7; We 2&7; Fri 8; Sat 2&8; Su 3 - Chicago Sun-Times
ComeFromAway.com Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200 Telecharge.com / 212-239-6200 Ticketmaster.com or 877-250-2929 CSLewisOnStage.com
Tu, Th 7; Fr 8; We, Sa 2 & 8; Su 3 Groups: 212-889-4300 / OsloBway.com SWEATBROADWAY.COM Groups: 646-289-6885/877-321-0020 Telecharge.com or 212-239-6200
Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre (+) Vivian Beaumont Theater (+), 150 W. 65th Studio 54 (+), 254 West 54th Street Gershwin Theatre(+) 222 West 51st St. Acorn Theatre, 410 W. 42nd St. NYC
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N C5

Theater
A WORD WITH
LAURA AND LINDA BENANTI

A Pair of Mamas Going Strong

Laura Benanti and her mother,
Linda, welcome Laura’s new
child, a Broadway baby.
By DAVE ITZKOFF
Fans of Laura Benanti, the Tony Award-
winning actress of Broadway (“Gypsy”)
and television (“Supergirl,” “The Sound of
Music Live!”), know that she has an enter-
tainingly complicated relationship with her
mother, Linda. Linda Benanti, a voice
teacher and former Broadway actress, is of-
ten name-checked in her daughter’s caba-
ret show and on her Twitter feed, portrayed
— in Laura’s telling, anyway — as a voice of
well-intentioned parental nagging, encour-
agement and reason. It’s a bond that has
grown even stronger since Laura gave birth
to a daughter of her own, Ella Rose Benanti-
Brown, on Feb. 14.
Linda and Laura Benanti will bring their
delightfully sparring relationship, as well
as some of their favorite songs, to audiences
in a cabaret show, “The Story Goes On,” that
they will perform at Feinstein’s/54 Below
on Friday and Saturday. Recently, at Laura
Benanti’s home in West Harlem, Laura was
settling into her new life as a mother, with
Ella snoozing in her lap, while Linda looked
on in appreciation.
Together they tried to predict how Lin-
da’s mothering skills had been passed down
(“I’m going to be that weird parent at the
sleepover, trying to make sure everybody’s
nice to her,” Laura announced), while also
campaigning not so subtly for the perform-
er’s next Broadway role. These are edited
excerpts from that conversation.

How has your relationship changed since

Ella’s birth?
LAURA BENANTI She was here for the first 10
days of Ella’s life.
LINDA BENANTI Pitched a tent, moved in,
took care of [Laura and Patrick Brown, her
husband] so they could take care of the
baby. And then they came out to our house.
LAURA Because I lost my mind. The first 10
days, it was like, everything’s perfect! The
baby’s amazing! And then the day she left,
everything went to hell. The baby was in-
consolable.
Did you always know Laura would grow up
to be an actress?
LINDA Oh, Laura knew. [Laughs] It wasn’t
me saying: “You know what, honey? I think
you might like this.” This was Laura getting
up on her wooden Fisher-Price slide, going,
“Presenting — !”
LAURA Shy. Always shy. My first words
were, “Can I have an agent?”
LINDA I filmed her saying that.
Laura, when did you realize that your
mother was a talented performer in her own
right?
LAURA When I was 5 years old, I was com-
ing up the stairs and I saw my mom stand-
ing there, singing “A Quiet Thing” a cap-
pella, and it was such a differentiating mo-
ment for me. I realized that we are separate
from each other — she has dreams and
goals. You weren’t just there to bring me
stuff. It stuck with me my whole life.
LINDA You used to critique my voice stu-
dents. This one particular student was not
VIA THE BENANTI FAMILY
Top from left, Linda
Benanti; her daughter,
Laura Benanti; and
Laura’s baby, Ella Rose
Benanti-Brown. Above,
Linda Benanti, and Laura
as a child.
great. Laura was on my lap, I think you
were about 2, and he sang and she looked at
him and she went, “No.”
LAURA Telling people what to do since 1981.
Linda, how could you be sure your profes-
sional assessments of Laura were objective,
and not just coming from a place of moth-
erly pride?
LAURA I’m actually interested in this an-
swer as well.
LINDA It’s complicated. I was trying not to
go, “That’s my daughter — she’s brilliant!,”
because I see a lot of moms like that. But as
a voice teacher, I know someone’s voice
could develop really early and then plateau
out. You wait and see. My husband and I
both felt it was really important for her to
develop who she is from the inside.
LAURA You’re going to get so much hate
mail from the stage moms. The entire cast
of “School of Rock” is going to come after
you.
What is it like now, to see Laura go through
a negative experience, like not getting a role
she wanted ...
LAURA Never. No. Always got it. So, no that
one.
... or getting a bad review? How do you
process that as her mother?
LAURA How do you process that?
LINDA I think you process that like any par-
ent would process anything that happens to
their child. Having been in the industry be-
fore, I was probably more nervous than a
normal parent would have been. And more
excited than a normal parent.
LAURA A bad review, you’re like, meh. But
when it’s been personal, you want to protect
me and correct someone’s misinterpreta-
tion.
LINDA And hit them.
Laura was in “Gypsy,” a show about a notori-
ous stage mother who comes to resent her
daughter for achieving a stardom she did
not. Did you feel any of those feelings your-
self?
LAURA She’s like the opposite. Even in my
speech, I called her the anti-Mama Rose.
[Breathlessly] When I won the Tony Award.
LINDA I never, ever felt, “Oh, that should
have been me.” Not in a million years.
LAURA You were saying for years I should
play her [Louise in “Gypsy”].
LINDA There are a lot of roles that I always
thought that about. Amalia [in “She Loves
Me”] was one of them. Louise was one of
them.
LAURA [Whispers] Say “My Fair Lady.”
LINDA And “My Fair Lady” is definitely one
of them. Gee! Obviously.
LAURA Good job.
JOSHUA BRIGHT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
When did you commit to these concerts at
Feinstein’s/54 Below?
LAURA When I was pregnant, and, like, “Be-
ing a mom’s going to be easy!” And now I’m
like, “Great.”
LINDA It’ll be fine.
LAURA I’m excited to do this with you. I
wish you had continued on, because you’re
so talented. I wish you’d been able to pursue
that for yourself, and that you weren’t in a
position where you had to take care of me,
and transition solely to being a voice
teacher. I feel like 35 years later, you have an
opportunity to share your gift with people,
and it is a gift.
Do you think Ella will follow in Laura’s foot-
steps?
LAURA My husband was playing the piano
for Ella — he was playing “Für Elise,” the
only piano piece he remembers — and her
eyes welled up with tears. And we were like,
whoa, O.K., that’s a one-off. He did it again
the next day — same thing.
LINDA She’s going to sing.
LAURA She better.
LINDA Laura had a very husky voice when
she was a baby. And as her mom, I thought,
“Where does she get this?” We called her
Moose.
LAURA I’ve talked to a lot of therapists
about this.

ELISABETH VINCENTELLI THEATER REVIEW LAURA COLLINS-HUGHES THEATER REVIEW

France in Reflection
THE TOXIC MESS of nationalism
and anti-Semitism known as the
Dreyfus Affair deeply divided
France in the late 19th century, but
any observer of the National
Front’s ideology will know that
the scandal’s legacy continues to
poison French society.
A sense of anxiety is estab-
lished from the beginning of “The
Dreyfus Affair,” a hybrid of con-
cert and theater that has become
the signature style of the Ensem-
ble for the Romantic Century.
Gyorgy Ligeti’s creepy “String
Quartet No. 2” opens the produc-
The Dreyfus Affair
Through May 7 at BAM Fisher,
Brooklyn; 718-636-4100, bam.org.
Running time: 2 hours 15 minutes.
tion. The live music is paired with
abstract projections incorporat-
ing jumbled typography. (Hand-
writing played a key role, as Drey-
fus was framed for treason in 1894
based on an unsigned letter.)
As if to tighten a nightmarish
vise on our minds, Ligeti’s quartet
returns at regular intervals dur-
ing this show at the Brooklyn
Academy of Music.
In other ways, though, the pro-
duction, written by Eve Wolf, the
Ensemble founder, and directed
by Donald T. Sanders, is straight-
forward. Unfairly accused of spy-
ing, Capt. Alfred Dreyfus (Max
von Essen, “An American in
Paris”) was dismissed from the
military and shipped off to Devil’s
Island. Meanwhile, his wife, Lucie
(Meghan Picerno), and brother,
Mathieu (Mark Evans), tirelessly
fought to clear his name.
They battled not just the Army,
which considered the Jewish cap-
tain a convenient scapegoat, but a
virulently anti-Semitic press —
David Bengali’s projections in-
clude chilling period caricatures
and slogans like “France for the
French” (still heard at National
Front rallies).
The case split families and po-
litical parties, and stirred up the
press. “What a poignant drama,
and what superb characters!” the
novelist Émile Zola (Peter Scolari,
who played Hannah’s father on
“Girls”) enthused before penning
the pro-Dreyfus editorial “J’ac-
cuse . . . !,” the opening salvo of the
modern engaged intellectual. Zo-
la’s passion provides welcome fire
to a show that otherwise hews to a
calm, even-keeled tone, exempli-
fied by Mr. von Essen’s sober per-
formance. Much of the emotion
comes from the music, which both
illustrates and comments on the
story, but is not necessarily from
the Dreyfus era — a conceptual
gambit that can be just as distract-
ing as illuminating.
Baroque pieces by Jean-
Philippe Rameau predate the af-
fair by centuries, and are used in a
head-scratching ballet of military
officers; Jehan Alain’s pulsating
“Litanies,” performed with verve
by the organist Parker Ramsay,
are from the 1930s, decades after
Dreyfus was rehabilitated.
The point may be to underline
the timelessness of the issues.
Bracingly, the show reminds us
that in 2002, a statue of Dreyfus
was defaced in Paris.
Malvolio and Pals, for the Masses
This Shakespeare play is from
the Public’s borough-touring
Mobile Unit, and it shows.
A QUIET LITTLE celebration is happening
over at the Public Theater, honoring 60
years of its Mobile Unit, which takes Shake-
speare to the people with performances in
New York City community centers, correc-
tional facilities and shelters, and then at the
Public itself. “Twelfth Night,” this spring’s
play, has wrapped up its five-borough tour
and is now onstage at the mother ship. In
honor of the anniversary, all tickets are free.
It’s a lovely gesture, but a customary
ratcheting down of expectations is in order.
Directed by Saheem Ali, vaguely set in
coastal Florida and sprinkled with Spanish,
this frantic staging does offer some amuse-
ments — chief among them, David Ryan
Smith as a wonderfully prissy Malvolio, and
Donnetta Lavinia Grays as a teasing, prote-
an Feste. But it also suffers the fate of many
an outreach show produced by institutional
theaters, including the Public: It’s not as
good as the usual fare.
That’s not because of the streamlined
physical design. The show does fine with
unchanging overhead lighting, and the flat
square (by Arnulfo Maldonado) that forms
the stage is tricksy enough to transform
briefly and cleverly into the roiling sea
where the twins of the tale, Viola (Danaya
Esperanza) and Sebastian (Sebastian Cha-
con), are separated before washing ashore,
each assuming that the other has drowned.
Disguising herself as a young man
named Cesario, Viola gets a job with a duke,
Orsino (Michael Bradley Cohen), who is un-
requitedly in love with the haughty Olivia
(Ceci Fernandez). Adored by her own ser-
vant, Malvolio — even the pattern of his
baby-blue pajamas, by Dede Ayite, is a trib-
JOAN MARCUS
Danaya Esperanza, in hat, and Michael
Bradley Cooper in the Public Theater Mobile
Unit’s production of “Twelfth Night.”
ute to her — Olivia is smitten with Cesario,
who is (supposedly) a dead ringer for Se-
bastian. Mistaken-identity high jinks ensue,
as does a practical joke on Malvolio by the
clownish Sirs Toby (Christopher Ryan
Grant) and Andrew (Mr. Cohen) and their
chum Maria (Aneesh Sheth).
It’s a convoluted and ridiculous plot that
demands clarity in performance but mostly
doesn’t get it from this erratic production,
whose pared-down script (a feature of Mo-
bile Unit shows) adds to the confusion. Mr.
Ali’s conceit is that Viola and Sebastian are
Cuban refugees, but that doesn’t come
across onstage.
The lively Latin and house music, per-
formed by Ms. Grays and the show’s com-
Twelfth Night
Through May 14 at the Public Theater,
Manhattan; 212-967-7555, publictheater.org.
Running time: 1 hour 30 minutes.
poser, Michael Thurber, is entertaining, and
the slow-growing attraction between Viola
and Orsino is sweet. But there is an over-
whelming forced merriment in the pursuit
of laughs — a layering on of brightly colored
wackiness that feels partly like desperation
and partly like an attempt to dumb things
down, as if by making the comedy broad
enough it will be comprehensible by the
masses.
That’s what rankles, despite the Mobile
Unit’s laudable mission. As Stephanie
Ybarra, the Public’s director of special artis-
tic projects, said in her preshow introduc-
tion on Wednesday night, some of the places
that this cast has performed “Twelfth
Night” are “designed to oppress and kill the
human spirit.” It is honorable to bring
Shakespeare into those spaces.
But mere worthiness is unworthy of the
Public, which is in the business of making
great art for the people of its city — all of
them. Why should audiences in shelters and
detention centers get less than top-caliber
stuff? If it’s a matter of resources, maybe
the Mobile Unit should get more. Because
surely its target audiences need the solace
of Shakespeare at least as much as people
who can afford to shell out for the next
must-see production in from London or to
spend hours in line for a free ticket to Shake-
speare in the Park.
Muddled Shakespeare can leave audi-
ences blaming themselves for failing to get
it — can, in fact, turn them off to trying it
again. Shakespeare done brilliantly, though,
is a revelation. And revelation is what the
Public should be helping its Mobile Unit to
achieve.
C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
They’re Like a Sitcom, With Good Reason
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
Carol proceeds to insert herself into ev-
ery aspect of her child’s professional and
personal life. Sound familiar? “I wanted to
write about her because she was a funny
character in my life,” Ms. Wigfield, 33, said
as her mother fussed with her daughter’s
clothing — couldn’t she have worn a better
shirt? — and discussed their plans to see
that evening’s performance of “Dear Evan
Hansen.”
“My mother’s crazy,” Ms. Wigfield added.
“But I’m also really into my mom.”
Carol Wendelson is closely modeled after
Kathy Wigfield, down to her head-to-toe
outfits from the retailer Chico’s. When Mrs.
Wigfield visited the “Great News” set in Los
Angeles last year, she encountered Ms.
Martin in full costume — coincidentally
wearing the same colorful paisley-print top.
In real life, Mrs. Wigfield is not a stage
mom in the classic overbearing sense. It
was her daughter’s idea to try show busi-
ness, not hers. “She used to say, ‘Get me a
manager so we can go on auditions,’ ” Mrs.
Wigfield recalled. “I didn’t know how to be-
gin doing that.”
Ms. Wigfield acted in commercials as a
child, including an ad for a toy called the
Glitterator that featured her shouting, “It’s
Glitter-ific!” She later interned at David
On Obama; and On, and On, and On
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
nutely detailed accounts of early chapters
of Obama’s life, like his years at Harvard
Law School, his time in Chicago as a com-
munity organizer, and his work in the Illi-
nois State Senate. Garrow gets to Obama’s
presidency only in an epilogue.
While the Chicago chapter sheds valu-
able light on Obama’s connection with black
residents and his developing sense of voca-
tion, many of the other sections that try to
chronicle his day-to-day life feel extraneous
and absurdly long-winded, as if Garrow
wanted to include every last scrap of infor-
mation he’d unearthed. Are we really inter-
ested in what numerous Obama class-
mates, colleagues and passing
acquaintances remember about his per-
sonality — that he struck them as cool or
friendly, arrogant or voluble, cheerful or de-
tached? Do we really want to read repeti-
tious discussions about his cigarette con-
sumption and poker-playing habits?
Indeed, this entire book suffers from a
poor sense of proportion. Garrow adds
nothing to our understanding of Obama’s in-
tellectual evolution during his years at Co-
lumbia, or the role that the civil rights
movement played in shaping his political
consciousness and ideals. (Curious, given
that Garrow, a professor at the University of
Pittsburgh School of Law, won a Pulitzer
Prize in 1987 for his book on the Rev. Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr., “Bearing the
Cross.”) And yet Garrow prattles on for
pages about legislation Obama worked on
in the Illinois State Senate, and about dis-
cussions in law school classes he attended
or taught. The entire first chapter of the
book is devoted to examining the social and
political landscape of Chicago’s South Side
in the early 1980s before Obama arrived to
work there, but Obama’s 2008 campaign
and two terms in the White House are com-
pressed into a 50-odd-page epilogue.
Perhaps, as the title “Rising Star” indi-
cates, this book is meant to focus only on
Obama’s early years, but in that case, the
Follow Michiko Kakutani on Twitter:
@michikokakutani
Andrea Martin, seated at left,
Briga Heelan, center, and
Nicole Richie, seated at right,
on the set of “Great News.”
A daughter and mother
see whether years of
togetherness translate to
the TV screen.
Letterman’s “Late Show” before landing at
“30 Rock.”
“Tina recognized her wonderful talent,”
recalled David Miner, a “30 Rock” executive
producer who, along with several other
alumni from the show, is working on “Great
News.” “There are a lot of people who aren’t
really ready to run their own show. Tracey
was so ready for this.”
After “30 Rock,” Ms. Wigfield decamped
to Los Angeles for a senior position at “The
Mindy Project,” where she was a writer, a
co-executive producer and played a small
onscreen role. (In “Great News,” she plays
Beth, an oddball meteorologist.) She signed
a development deal with Universal Studios
and ran the mother-daughter idea by Ms.
Fey, who quickly approved.
Ms. Fey and her creative partner Robert
Carlock are executive producers of “Great
News,” and offered weekly input on scripts
via Skype from New York to the writers’
room in Los Angeles. The show, set in the
lower-rent waters of local TV news, is taped
on set that is a near-copy of the NY1 studio
in Manhattan, where the pilot was filmed.
Ms. Wigfield, whose corner office on the
Universal lot features the same framed
photo of thermostats that appeared in Liz
Lemon’s office on “30 Rock,” said that she
was drawn to the idea of an older woman
MICHIKO KAKUTANI BOOKS OF THE TIMES
JOE WRINN/HARVARD UNIVERSITY, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Above, Barack Obama as a
Harvard student in 1990. Left,
the Obama biographer David J.
Garrow.
Rising Star: The Making of
Barack Obama
By David J. Garrow
1,460 pages. William Morrow.
$45.
DAVID RUBIN
finding workplace success late in life de-
spite coming from a generation in which
women were not always encouraged to pur-
sue careers.
Her mother, she recalled, often accosts
network executives at events, including
Robert Greenblatt, NBC’s head of entertain-
ment. “She would corner NBC execs and be
like, ‘Do you know anyone at ‘Days of Our
Lives’?” Tracey Wigfield said, laughing. At
one point, Mrs. Wigfield talked a producer
of “General Hospital” into hiring her other
daughter, Ashley, for a small role.
“Knowing my mom, she without a doubt
could have been a great agent, or an execu-
tive, or a TV writer, or a million things,” Ms.
Wigfield said, her mother beaming beside
her. “My mom and women of her generation
weren’t pushed in the same way I was.”
During a recent taping, Ms. Wigfield was
fully comfortable leading a team of dozens,
joking with cast members, conferring with
her director between takes and ironing out
details on set. At one point, she and other
writers were brainstorming ideas for which
faded celebrity they could turn into a wax-
figure prop.
“Can we get Justin Guarini? What’s he
doing?” Ms. Wigfield asked, referring to the
now-obscure “From Justin to Kelly” co-star.
Somebody suggested Richard Hatch from
epilogue — with the snarky title of “The
President Did Not Attend, as He Was Golf-
ing” — seems even more inexplicable.
Whereas the rest of the book is written in
dry, largely uninflected prose, the epilogue
— which almost reads like a Republican at-
tack ad — devolves into a condescending di-
atribe unworthy of a serious historian. It
consists mainly of a string of negative quo-
tations about Obama’s presidency and tem-
perament, many plucked out of context
from articles and books by journalists and
commentators, or extracted from disillu-
sioned former friends or supporters. There
is no considered weighing of the record, no
real recognition of the achievements of
Obama’s two terms in office (including his
handling of the financial crisis that he in-
herited and passing Obamacare). Nor is
there any useful explication of the policy de-
cisions (like flip-flopping on Syria, and fail-
ing to close a deal enabling a sizable num-
ber of American forces to remain in Iraq be-
yond 2011) that have elicited sustained criti-
cism from both government insiders and
outside experts.
Instead, Garrow’s epilogue delivers a
crude screed against Obama the president
and Obama the man, filled with bald as-
sertions and coy half-truths. He suggests
that Obama’s presidency was a long string
of failures and disappointments and that
“behind the scenes, many Democrats were
just as eager for Barack to exit the White
House as he himself now seemed,” when, in
fact, he left office as one of the most popular
presidents in recent decades.
Garrow takes Obama to task for his lack
of “bipartisan outreach” with Republican
members of Congress, but doesn’t tell the
other side of the story — namely, the Repub-
licans’ deliberate strategy of obstruction-
ism throughout Obama’s tenure in office.
(The Republican Senate leader Mitch Mc-
Connell famously declared, “The single
most important thing we want to achieve is
for President Obama to be a one-term presi-
dent.”) And, as the chapter title indicates,
Garrow even mocks Obama, repeatedly, for
spending too much time on the golf course.
(What, one wonders, would he make of Don-
EMILY BERL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“Survivor.” Would the Menendez brothers
work?
Finally, a winner was declared: Air Bud,
the basketball-playing dog. “Googling ’90s
celebrities and picking one — that’s 90 per-
cent of comedy writing,” Ms. Wigfield said,
closing her MacBook.
Despite living across the country, her
mother is never far away. She visited her
daughter’s set several times, leading to a
few pranks in which crew members
sneaked her into scenes, surprising the
younger Ms. Wigfield.
Last spring, Ms. Wigfield’s pilot was
picked up by NBC a week before her wed-
ding; she had a honeymoon in Italy before
rushing back to Los Angeles to start pro-
duction. Over brunch, Ms. Wigfield recalled
that she and her mother spent New Year’s
reminiscing about their momentous 2016.
“Your favorite was when my show got
picked up,” Ms. Wigfield, one eyebrow
arched, reminded her mother. “Not my wed-
ding.”
The matriarch threw up her hands. “I did-
n’t sit around thinking, ‘Oh, one day when
she gets married . . . ’ ” Mrs. Wigfield ex-
plained. “Anybody can get married! I’m
happy she found the guy she did.”
“But,” she added, “not everyone has a TV
show.”
ald J. Trump?)
Then there is the innuendo. Garrow por-
tentously cites a poll indicating that 64 per-
cent of Republicans and 42 percent of
whites agreed that it was “probably true”
that Obama was “hiding important infor-
mation about his background and early
life.” This could be a reference to the birther
movement, or perhaps to the bitter musings
of Sheila Miyoshi Jager, the former girl-
friend Obama had met in Chicago — who re-
mained upset for years over their breakup,
and whom Garrow has turned into one of his
main sources. Jager is quoted as saying that
“something changed” in Obama “after we
went our separate ways after Harvard, as if
the part of him that was so vulnerable and
open (and sensual?) went underground
and something else — raging ambition,
quest for greatness, whatever just took over
instead.”
It’s odd that Garrow should seize on one
former lover’s anger and hurt, and try to
turn them into a Rosebud-like key to the for-
mer president’s life, referring to her repeat-
edly in his epilogue. He even tries to turn
her perception — about Obama’s having
willed himself into being — into a pejora-
tive, when the act of self-invention, as other
biographers have noted, was the enterpris-
ing and existential act of a young man who
essentially had been abandoned by both his
black father and white mother, and who
found himself caught between cultures and
trying, as he wrote in “Dreams,” “to raise
myself to be a black man in America.”
Perhaps Garrow leans so heavily on
Jager because she is a source mentioned
only in passing (and not by name) in David
Maraniss’s “Barack Obama: The Story”
(2012). It’s telling, after all, that Garrow
mischaracterizes the reception that both
Maraniss’s biography and David Remnick’s
incisive book “The Bridge” received, sug-
gesting that both volumes failed to get the
accolades they did, in fact, receive.
The reader interested in Barack Obama’s
life would do well to turn to those books, and
not Garrow’s overstuffed and ultimately un-
fair work here. Or, go back to Obama’s own
eloquent memoir.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N C7

EVENING
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 What’s on Tuesday
2 WCBS The Insider The Entertainment NCIS “Beastmaster.” A Marine ser- Bull “Make Me.” A brainwashed boy NCIS: New Orleans “Knockout.” A News (N) The Late Show With Stephen
Met Gala; Charlie Tonight (N) (G) geant is found murdered. (N) (PG) murders his father. (N) (14) Navy chaplain and pastor is mur- Colbert Amy Schumer; Gabourey “I Am Not Your Negro,” Raoul Peck’s Oscar-
Hunnam. (N) dered. (N) (14) Sidibe. (N) (PG) (11:35) nominated primer on the writings of James
4 WNBC Extra (N) (PG) Access Holly- The Voice “Live Top 11 Elimina- Great News Sur- Great News “War Chicago Fire “Carry Me.” Casey News (N) The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy
wood (N) (PG) tions.” The top 10 artists are re- gery forces Chuck Is Hell.” (N) (PG) tries to help his friend Kannell. (N) Fallon Chris Rock; Andy Cohen;
Baldwin, is available for streaming. And
vealed. (N) (Live) (PG) to miss work. (N) (14) Phoenix. (N) (14) (11:34) “Victorian Slum House” thrusts willing
5 WNYW Modern Fam- Modern Family Brooklyn Nine- The Mick “The Prison Break “Contingency.” C- News (N) The Big Bang The Simpsons TMZ Live (PG) participants into 19th-century London
ily “The Closet “She Crazy.” (PG) Nine “Moo Moo.” Intruder.” (Season Note has a new escape plan. (N) Theory “The Jim- “Much Apu About
Case.” (PG) (N) (14) Finale) (N) (8:31) (14) iny Conjecture.” Something.” (PG) squalor.
7 WABC Jeopardy! (N) Wheel of For- The Middle American Fresh Off the Imaginary Mary Marvel’s Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. News (N) Jimmy Kimmel Live Actor Will
(G) tune “Hawaii.” “Clear and Pres- Housewife “The Boat “Pie vs. “Alice the Mole.” “Farewell, Cruel World!” Daisy and Arnett; Incubus performs. (N) (14)
(N) (G) ent Danger.” (N) Club.” (N) (PG) Cake.” (N) (PG) (N) (PG) Simmons race to save the team. (N) (11:35)
9 WWOR Family Feud (N) The Big Bang The X-Files “Triangle.” Mulder sails The X-Files “S.R. 819.” Sick Skin- Family Feud Family Feud News (N) Inside Edition Anger Manage-
What’s Streaming
(PG) Theory (PG) the Bermuda Triangle. (14) ner makes agents wary. (14) (PG) (PG) (N) (PG) ment (14)
11 WPIX Two and a Half Two and a Half The Flash “I Know Who You Are.” iZombie “Spanking the Zombie.” News (N) Seinfeld “The Seinfeld “The Friends (PG)
Men (14) Men (14) (N) (PG) (N) (14) Seven.” (PG) Tape.” (PG)
13 WNET PBS NewsHour (N) O Victorian Slum House “The Ripley: Believe It or Not: Ameri- Frontline “Second Chance Kids.” Charlie Rose (N) (PG) Tavis Smiley
1860s.” (Series Premiere) (N) (PG) can Experience (PG) (N) (PG) (N) (G)
21 WLIW MetroFocus N.Y.C. Arts The Doctor Blake Mysteries (PG) Father Brown “The Hand of Lucia.” Grantchester on Masterpiece (14) MetroFocus World News Downton Abbey
25 WNYE SciTech Now (G) Science Movies Ultimate Restorations (G) House/History Blueprint: N.Y.C. Secrets Neighborhood Pacific Heartbeat (G) Black Women
31 WPXN Criminal Minds “Derek.” (14) Criminal Minds (14) Criminal Minds “Tribute.” (14) Criminal Minds “Mayhem.” (14) Saving Hope “Gutted.” (14) Saving Hope (N)
41 WXTV La Rosa de Guadalupe (N) (14) La Reina de la Canción (N) Vino el Amor (N) (14) La Piloto (N) (14) Noticias (N) Noticiero Uni Deportivo
47 WNJU Caso Cerrado: Edición Estelar (N) El Capo “Coche bomba.” (N) (14) Guerra de Ídolos (N) La Querida del Centauro (N) (14) Noticias Titulares y Más Guerra Ídolos
48 WRNN News (N) I Hate My Aching Joints! (G) Shark Rocket - Ultra No Aging Plastic Surgery Balding Stevie Wonder Phil Collins Hair Secrets
49 CPTV PBS NewsHour (N) Victorian Slum House (N) (PG) Ripley: Believe It or Not Parents and Teens Behind Frontline “Second Chance Kids.” (N) NHK Newsline
DAN BUDNIK/MAGNOLIA PICTURES
50 WNJN One on One News Downton Abbey on Masterpiece Downton Abbey on Masterpiece (PG) (9:14) Knock Out Op News Due Process Charlie Rose (N)
55 WLNY 2 Broke Girls 2 Broke Girls Dr. Phil (N) (14) News (N) Judge Judy (N) Judge Judy (N) Mike & Molly Mike & Molly Ent. Tonight James Baldwin, center, in 1963.
63 WMBC Copper Chef (G) Cindy’s Skin Power Lecture Compass (8:40) News Mission 2014 2 Sizes Slimmer! Perricone MD Copper Chef (G) Darkspots Nip&Tuck
I AM NOT YOUR NEGRO (2017) on iTunes and
68 WFUT Moisés y los Diez Mandamientos Moisés y los Diez Mandamientos (7:55) El Bienamado (N) Noticias (N) Noticiero Uni Laura (14)
Amazon. Communing posthumously with
PREMIUM CABLE
the writer James Baldwin — and drawing
FLIX Alpha Dog (2006). Bruce Willis, . The Illusionist (2006). Edward Norton, Paul Giamatti. A magician and a Enemy at the Gates (2001). Jude Law, Joseph Fiennes. Russian sharp- Requiem for a
Emile Hirsch. (R) (6) prince vie for a woman’s love. Norton’s inscrutability suits his role. (PG-13) shooter vs. Nazi sniper. A long slog through the siege of Stalingrad. (R) Dream on a book about the lives and deaths of
HBO Real Time With Vice News 2017 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony Inductees include Journey and Pearl Jam. (14) J. Cole: 4 Your Eyez Only Songs . Scream 2 Medgar Evers, Malcolm X and the Rev. Dr.
Bill Maher (6:30) Tonight (N) from the artist’s fourth album. (MA) (1997). (R) (11:50) Martin Luther King Jr. that he began
HBO2 Keanu (2016). Keegan-Michael Key, Real Time With Bill Maher Film- The Leftovers “Crazy Whitefella . War Dogs (2016). Jonah Hill, Miles Teller. School chums become arms Silicon Valley sketching out in the mid-1970s but never
Jordan Peele. (R) (6:20) maker Rob Reiner. (MA) Thinking.” (MA) traders. Enjoy the insane ride. (R) (MA) (11:55)
completed — the director Raoul Peck cre-
MAX Mr. Deeds (2002). Adam Sandler, The Wedding Singer (1998). Adam Sandler, Drew The Wash (2001). Dr Dre, Snoop Dogg. Car wash employees must save Pitch Black (2000). Radha Mitchell,
Winona Ryder. (PG-13) (6:20) Barrymore. (PG-13) kidnapped boss. Nice co-star chemistry but not much of a movie. (R) (9:40) Vin Diesel. (R) (11:20) ates “a thrilling introduction” to Baldwin’s
SHO Love Actually Jackson (2016). The issues surrounding the right to Billions “Golden Frog Time.” Axe Guerrilla “Episode 3.” The gang Dark Net “My Steve Byrne: Tell the Damn Joke work, “a remedial course in American
(2003). (R) (5) choose in Mississippi. takes out a huge short. (MA) (9:05) begins training. (MA) (10:05) Nation.” (MA) The comic performs in Chicago. (MA) history, and an advanced seminar in racial
SHO2 . A Civil Action (1998). Lawyer crusades for families The Circus: Mother’s Day (2016). Jennifer Aniston, Kate Hudson. Intertwined stories Meet the Browns (2008). Woman travels home for fa-
whose children died from pollutants. Gripping drama. (6:30) Biggest Story of mothers and daughters. Goopy, glossy mess. (PG-13) ther’s funeral. Corny, hokey, contagiously pleasurable.
politics,” A. O. Scott wrote in The New York
STARZ American Gods Commando (1985). Arnold Schwarzenegger. Retired American Gods “The Bone Step Brothers (2008). Will Ferrell. Adult slackers battle Spaceballs (1987). Mel Brooks, Times. With the heft of a 10-hour mini-
(MA) (6:23) commando’s daughter kidnapped. The usual. (R) (7:27) Orchard.” (MA) when their parents marry. Fitfully amusing. (R) (10:05) John Candy. (PG) (11:45) series or a literary doorstop, this Oscar
STZENC About Last Night. (1986). Rob Lowe, Demi Moore. Mamet’s “Sexual William Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet (1996). Doomed young lovers re- Seven Pounds (2008). I.R.S. agent wants to help seven nominee for best documentary feature —
Perversity in Chicago” reimagined as romance. (R) (7:04) packaged as 20th-century Floridians, via Luhrmann. Radiant stars. (PG-13) strangers. As unbelievable as it sounds. (PG-13) (11:03)
narrated by Samuel L. Jackson, speaking
TMC The Royal Tenenbaums (2001). Gene The Duff (2015). Mae Whitman. Teen fights back against Factory Girl (2006). Sienna Miller, Guy Pearce. Life of the Warhol super- Woman in Gold (2015). Helen Mir-
Hackman, Gwyneth Paltrow. (R) (6) mean girl. Would-be subversive comedy. (PG-13) star Edie Sedgwick. Gets the look, fumbles the story. (R) (9:45) ren, Ryan Reynolds. (PG-13) words taken entirely from Baldwin’s pages
CABLE — is “life-altering,” Mr. Scott added.
Though Baldwin has been dead for nearly
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
A&E Intervention “Sturgill J.” A pain pill Intervention “Carrie E.” A promis- Intervention “Eric.” A hustling junkie Intervention “Tiffany.” A woman 60 Days In “Atlanta: The Marine Intervention 30 years, “you would be hard-pressed to
addiction leads to heroin. (14) ing, young boxer turns to drugs. (14) spirals downward. (14) gets addicted to pain pills. (14) Test.” (14) “Carrie E.” (12:03) find a movie that speaks to the present
AHC Nazi Secret Files (PG) Nazi Secret Files (PG) Nazi Secret Files (PG) Nazi Secret Files “Nazi Jihad.” Nazi Secret Files (PG) Nazi Secret moment with greater clarity and force,
AMC . Ocean’s Eleven (2001). George Tombstone (1993). Kurt Russell, Val Kilmer. Earp and Holliday, yes again. Overloaded with psychological bag- . Young Guns (1988). Emilio Estevez. Playful, good- insisting on uncomfortable truths and
Clooney, Brad Pitt. (PG-13) (5:30) gage. (R) humored update of Billy the Kid legend. (R)
drawing stark lessons from the shadows of
APL River Monsters “American Killers.” Searching for a modern-day “Jaws.” How to Catch a River Monster River Monsters (PG) (10:02) River Monsters (PG) (11:02) River Monsters
history.”
BBCA CSI: Miami “Permanent Vacation.” CSI: Miami “Stand Your Ground.” CSI: Miami “CSI: My Nanny.” (14) CSI: Miami “Guerillas in the Mist.” CSI: Miami “Raising Caine.” (14) CSI: Miami (14)
BET Think Like a Man (2012). Michael Ealy, Jerry Ferrara. Men turn advice book to their advantage. No surprises. Rebel “Nickel and Dimed.” A young Rebel “Nickel and Dimed.” A young Martin (PG)
(PG-13) (6:35) boy who robs a liquor store. (N) (14) boy who robs a liquor store. (11:04) (12:08)
BLOOM Bloomberg Daybreak: Asia (N) (Live) (G) Bloomberg Markets: Asia (N) (Live) Charlie Rose (PG) Bloomberg Technology Bloom. Markets What’s on TV
BRV Below Deck Mediterranean “The Below Deck Mediterranean “That O Below Deck Mediterranean Below Deck Mediterranean “Who’s Watch What Below Deck Mediterranean “Who’s
Beautiful Thing About Subpar.” (14) Was Very Greek of Us.” (14) (Season Premiere) (N) (14) the Boss?” (14) Happens Live the Boss?” (14)
CBSSN We Need to Talk College Bowling We Need to Talk College Bowling Need to Talk
CMT Last-Standing Last-Standing . Braveheart (1995). Mel Gibson, Sophie Marceau. 13th-century Scots in revolt against England. Won best picture Oscar. Spectacular. (R)
CN We Bare Bears World Gumball King of the Hill American Dad Cleveland Show American Dad Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14)The Boondocks
CNBC Shark Tank Frozen concentrated Shark Tank A darts-like card game. Shark Tank A mask made of Alas- Shark Tank Pet-safe bug repel- Shark Tank Reusable storage box;
The Profit “Los
gumbo brick. (PG) (PG) kan glacial mud. (PG) lents. (PG) cookware. (PG) Gemelos.” (PG)
CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (PG) Anderson Cooper 360 (N) (PG) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) CNN Tonight With Don Lemon (N) Anderson Coo-
per 360 (PG)
COM South Park (14) South Park (14) South Park “The South Park (14) Tosh.0 “Makeup Tosh.0 “Angelo Problematic South Park (14) The Daily Show At Midnight With South Park “Fun-
(6:50) (7:25) Damned.” (14) Jake.” (14) Garcia, He-Man.” Moshe Kasher Chris Hardwick nybot.” (12:01)
COOK BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl BBQ Brawl Good Eats (G) Good Eats (G) BBQ Brawl
CSPAN U.S. House of Representatives Special Orders (N) (Live) Politics and Public Policy Today Politics-Public
WALL TO WALL MEDIA LIMITED
CSPAN2 U.S. Senate Coverage (N) (Live) Public Affairs Events Public Affairs
A scene from “Victorian Slum House.”
CUNY News (6:30) Closer to Truth Science & U! Attitude Geography Science Movies The Atom Host Michaela Pereira. Stoler Rpt Black America Classic Arts
DIS Tangled: The Good Luck Stuck in the Good Luck K.C. Undercover K.C. Undercover Liv and Maddie: Bunk’d “Dance in Jessie “Caught Jessie (G) Stuck in the
Series (Y7) Charlie (G) Middle (G) Charlie (G) (Part 2 of 3) (Y7) (Part 3 of 3) (Y7) Cali Style (G) My Pants.” (G) Purple Handed.” Middle (G) VICTORIAN SLUM HOUSE 8 p.m. on PBS
DIY Maine Cabin Masters (G) Maine Cabin Masters (G) Maine Cabin Masters (G) Backyard Gold. Backyard Gold. Backyard Gold. Backyard Gold. Maine Cabin (check local listings). And you thought your
DSC Deadliest Catch “Seismic Shift.” Deadliest Catch: On Deck “Down Deadliest Catch “Crushing Blows.” Cooper’s Treasure “The Columbus Deadliest Catch “Crushing Blows.” Cooper’s Trea- apartment was grim. This new series plops
(PG) in Flames.” (N) (14) (N) (PG) Connection.” (N) (14) (10:01) (PG) (11:02) sure (14) (12:03) modern families into dismal dwellings
E! E! News (N) (PG) Fashion Police (N) (14) Fashion Police (14) Botched (14) E! News (N) (PG) resembling 1860s London tenements, with
ELREY Assault on Precinct 13 (2005). (6) . 21 Grams (2003). Sean Penn, Benicio Del Toro. (R) Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf (1985). Christopher Lee. (R) five to a bedroom and a single outdoor
ESPN We the Fans We the Fans: Section 250 Welcome/N.F.L. SportsCenter Special Breaking down picks from the N.F.L. Draft. SportsCenter SportsCenter toilet and water pump for all to share. The
ESPN2 N.F.L. Live We the Fans We the Fans We the Fans We the Fans We the Fans: Section 250 SportsCenter Special 16 participants, each with ancestral connec-
ESPNCL College Basketball From Jan. 14, 1992. College Basketball From Dec. 22, 2011. College Basketball From Feb. 9, 1993. Basketball tions to the city’s working-class East End,
ESQTV Friday Night Tykes (PG) Friday Night Tykes (PG) Friday Night Tykes (PG) Best Bars in America “Dive Bars.” Best Bars in America (14) Car Matchmaker spend three weeks living in these condi-
FOOD Chopped Junior “Love You, Mom!” Chopped Junior (N) (G) Chopped “Oodles of Noodles.” (G) Chopped “Jump for Bok Choy.” (N) Chopped “Something Dumpling.” Chopped (G) tions and toiling the way their forebears did
FOXNEWS The Story (N) Tucker Carlson Tonight (N) The Five (N) Hannity (N) Tucker Carlson Tonight The Five — making matchbooks, selling books and
FREEFRM Pretty Little Liars (14)
turning wood — as each episode propels
Pretty Little Liars (N) (14) Famous in Love (N) (14) (9:02) O Truth & Iliza (14) Young & Hungry The 700 Club (G) Ramona-Beez.
FS1
them a decade into Britain’s future, and
M.L.B.’s Best U.F.C. U.F.C. Unleashed Boxing Premier Boxing Champions. From Studio City, Calif. M.L.B. Whiparound (N) (Live) Speak for Your
FUSE
that much closer to welfare reform.
Moesha (PG) Moesha (PG) Moesha (PG) Moesha (PG) Moesha “Job.” Moesha “Niece.” Moesha (PG) Moesha “Pilot.” Moesha (G) Moesha (PG) Wrath of Cain
FX 300 (2007). Ge- Captain America: The First Avenger (2011). Chris Evans, Hayley Atwell. Origin story of The Americans “IHOP.” Henry The Americans “IHOP.” Henry makes a startling GENIUS 9 p.m. on National Geographic. A
rard Butler. (R) (5) square-jawed shield thrower. Pretty good fun. (PG-13) makes a startling proposition. (N) proposition. (MA) (11:11) young Einstein (Johnny Flynn) finds him-
FXM . Zero Dark Thirty (2012). Jessica Chastain, Jason Clarke. The C.I.A.’s hunt for Osama bin Laden. Difficult, . Zero Dark Thirty (2012). Jessica Chastain, Jason Clarke. The C.I.A.’s hunt for Osama self engaged in a sort of intellectual war
urgent, brilliantly directed. (R) (6:45) bin Laden. Difficult, urgent, brilliantly directed. (R)
with Mileva Maric (Samantha Colley), his
FXX The Amazing Spider-Man (2012). (5) The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons The Simpsons Archer (MA)
classmate at Zurich Polytechnic in Switzer-
FYI Married at First Sight (14) Married-Sight Married-Sight Married at First Sight (14) Married at First Sight: Second Chances (14) (10:01) Married-Sight
land. But then he realizes that he’s falling in
GOLF School of Golf . The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005). Shia LaBeouf, Stephen Dillane. (PG) . The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005). Shia LaBeouf. (PG)
love with her.
GSN Family Feud (G) Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Hollywood Game Night (14) Hollywood Game Night (14) Cash Cab (PG) Cash Cab (PG) Family Feud
HALL Last-Standing Last-Standing Last-Standing Last-Standing The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) The Middle (PG) Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls
HGTV Fixer Upper (G) Fixer Upper (G) Fixer Upper (G) Home Town (N) (G) Home Town “Homecoming.” (G) Fixer Upper (G)
HIST Forged in Fire “The Cutlass.” The Forged in Fire: Cutting Deeper Forged in Fire “Fans’ Choice.” Four JFK Declassified: Tracking Os- Forged in Fire “Fans’ Choice.” Four Forged in Fire:
legendary Cutlass Sword. (PG) “Makraka.” (N) (PG) (7:59) fan favorites return. (N) (PG) wald (N) (PG) (10:03) fan favorites return. (PG) (11:03) Cutting Deeper
HLN Forensic Files Forensic Files Primetime Justice Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files
ID Evil Lives Here “Something Is Dif- 20/20 on ID Presents: Homicide Motives & Murders: Cracking the Love Kills “It Was All a Big Fan- 20/20 on ID Presents: Homicide Murders: Crack-
ferent About Robbie.” (14) (N) (14) Case “Monster at the Door.” (N) (14) tasy.” (N) (14) Investigators uncover a sordid tale. ing The Case
IFC That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show That ’70s Show
(14) (7:06) (14) (7:37) (14) (8:08) (14) (8:39) “I’m Free.” (9:10) Waiting job. (9:41) (14) (10:12) (14) (10:43) (14) (11:14) Breaking. (11:45) (14) (12:15)
LIFE Little Women: LA “Bringing Sexy Little Women: LA “A Little Extra: Little Women: LA “Shady Business.” Terra meets with Little Women: Atlanta “Good Deed Little Women: LA Little Women:
Back.” (14) Model Behavior.” (N) (14) her editor. (N) (14) Gone Bad.” (14) (10:32) (N) (14) (11:32) LA (14) (12:02)
LMN Bad Twin (2016, TVF). Nieces con- He Loves Me (2011, TVF). Heather Locklear, Max Martini. Husband’s Beaches (2017, TVF). Idina Menzel, Nia Long. Two youngsters meet on He Loves Me
spire to kill aunt for inheritance. (6) infidelity drives woman crazy. the Venice Boardwalk. (2011, TVF).
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 VIRGINIA SHERWOOD/BRAVO
LOGO Roseanne (PG) Roseanne (PG) Mama’s Family Mama’s Family Mama’s Family Mama’s Family Mama’s Family Mama’s Family “An Ill Wind.” Tor- Mama’s Family Fire Island (14)
(6:58) (7:29) “National Mama.” (PG) (8:33) (PG) (9:06) (PG) (9:39) (PG) (10:12) nado traps clan in the cellar. (10:45) (PG) (11:17) (11:50) Sandy Yawn
MLB M.L.B. Regional Coverage. M.L.B. Tonight
MSG Hahn, Humpty & Canty Beginnings Rangers Playoff Postgame Hahn, Humpty & Canty Rangers Playoff Postgame BELOW DECK MEDITERRANEAN 9 p.m. on
MSGPL Bundesliga Soccer TSG 1899 Hoffenheim vs. Eintracht Frankfurt. U.E.F.A. Europa Rangers Playoff Postgame The Game 365 U.E.F.A. Europa Bundesliga Soccer Bravo. The 154-foot luxury yacht Sirocco
MSNBC Hardball With Chris Matthews (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N) The Rachel Maddow Show (N) The Last Word The 11th Hour Rachel Maddow sets sail for a second season on the Medi-
MTV Friends (14) Friends (14) Ridiculousness Ridiculousness The Challenge: Invasion The Challenge Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness terranean, this one island-hopping off the
NBCS N.H.L. Ottawa Senators vs. New York Rangers. Eastern Conference semifinal, Game 3. N.H.L. St. Louis Blues vs. Nashville Predators. Western Conference semifinal, Game 4. N.H.L. Overtime coast of Croatia. The veteran crew mem-
NGEO Naked Science Genius “Einstein: Chapter One.” (14) (7:45) O Genius “Einstein: Chapter Two.” (N) Breakthrough (Season Premiere) (N) Genius “Einstein: Chapter Two.” Breakthrough bers Hannah and Bobby endure seven new
NICK Henry Danger Thundermans Thundermans Game Shakers Full House (G) Full House (G) Full House (G) Full House (G) Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) and sometimes unruly shipmates, as well
NICKJR Wallykazam! (Y) Kuu Kuu Har. Shimmer, Shine Shimmer, Shine Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Paw Patrol (Y) Paw Patrol (Y) Blaze, Monster Team Umizoomi Team Umizoomi as the occasional rogue client, leaving it up
NY1 Road to City Hall (N) New York Tonight News Road to City Hall News Sports on 1 The Last Word. (11:35) to their new boss, Sandy Yawn — the fran-
OVA . The Manchurian Candidate (2004). Denzel Washington, Meryl Streep. (R) Paycheck (2003). Ben Affleck, Aaron Eckhart. (PG-13) chise’s first female captain — to establish
OWN If Loving You Is Wrong (14) If Loving You Is Wrong (14) If Loving You Is Wrong (N) (14) Greenleaf “Born to Trouble.” (14) If Loving You Is Wrong (14) Loving You some law and order.
OXY The Fighting Temptations (5:27) Bad Girls Club: East Meets West Bad Girls Club: East Meets West Bad Girls Club: East Meets West Unprotected (N) The Fighting Temptations (2003). TRUTH & ILIZA 10 p.m. on Freeform. Iliza
SCIENCE NA.S.A.’s Unexplained Files (PG) NA.S.A.’s Unexplained Files (PG) Space’s Deepest Secrets (N) (PG) Through Wormhole-Freeman NA.S.A.’s Unexplained Files (PG) Space Secrets Shlesinger, a winner of “Last Comic Stand-
SMITH Battle for the Atlantic “The Hunt.” Air Disasters “Out of Control.” (14) Humongous Moves (G) Mighty Ships “Maersk Viking.” (G) Air Disasters “Out of Control.” (14) Humon. Moves ing,” puts her late-night show to a six-week
SNY Mets Pregame M.L.B. New York Mets vs. Atlanta Braves. Mets Postgame SportsNite SportsNite SportsNite trial run with the help of her dog, Blanche.
SPIKE . Batman Begins (2005). Christian Bale, Michael Caine. (PG-13) (5:30) . The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Christian Bale. Batman re-emerges to save New York. Grave, satisfying end to trilogy. (PG-13) Each half-hour episode — which she has
STZENF Land Before Time VI Far From Home: The Adventures of Yellow Dog . Groundhog Day (1993). Bill Murray. (PG) (9:17) Wild Hogs (2007). Tim Allen, John Travolta. (PG-13) described as inhabiting “a space between
SUN 3:10 to Yuma (2007). Russell Crowe, Christian Bale. Rancher escorts U.S. Marshals (1998). Tommy Lee Jones, Wesley Snipes. Lt. Gerard pursues a new fugitive. Action-crammed, Sniper (1993). social commentary, politics, pop culture and
captive outlaw to train. Serviceable remake. (R) (6:30) incoherent sequel, despite virtuosic Jones. (PG-13) Tom Berenger. (R) my specific brand of comedy and femi-
SYFY . Troy (2004). Brad Pitt, Orlando . Independence Day (1996). Will Smith, Jeff Goldblum. Extraterrestrials come to Earth to destroy it. Irresist- Resident Evil: Afterlife (2010). Alice and her compan-
Bloom. (R) (5) ible action spectacle. (PG-13) ions head to a rumored safe haven in Los Angeles. (R)
nism” — focuses on a single topic, starting
TBS Seinfeld “The Seinfeld “The The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang The Big Bang Conan Actor Kristin Chenoweth. Seinfeld “The with the nature of political correctness.
Stranded.” (PG) Statue.” (PG) Theory (PG) Theory (PG) Theory (PG) Theory (PG) Theory (PG) Theory (PG) (N) (14) Heart Attack.” KATHRYN SHATTUCK
TCM . Key Largo (1948). Humphrey . It Happened One Night (1934). Claudette Colbert, Clark Gable. . No Man of Her Own (1932). Clark Gable, Carole . Mutiny on the Bounty (1935).
Bogart, Lauren Bacall. (6:15) Lombard. Clark Gable. The one and only.
TLC Little People, Big World: Countdown to the New Season (N) (PG) Little People, Big World (N) (PG) 7 Little Johnstons (N) (PG) (10:02) Little People, Big World (11:04) 7 Little ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
TNT The Expendables (2010). Sylvester N.B.A. Washington Wizards vs. Boston Celtics. Eastern Conference semifinals, Game 2. N.B.A. Utah Jazz vs. Golden State Warriors. Western Conference semi- Daily television highlights, recent reviews by
Stallone, Jason Statham. (R) (6) final, Game 1.
The Times's critics, series recaps and what to
TRAV Bizarre Foods America (PG) Delicious Delicious Delicious Delicious Delicious Destinations Delicious Delicious Delicious
watch recommendations. nytimes.com/tv
TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Inside Hacks Prentice Penny Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers
TVLAND M*A*S*H (PG) M*A*S*H (7:36) M*A*S*H (PG) (8:12) Love-Raymond Love-Raymond Love-Raymond Love-Raymond King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens
USA Team Ninja Warrior “Qualifying W.W.E. SmackDown! Payback PPV results. Team Ninja Warrior “Qualifying Friday Night Tykes: Steel Country Friday Night Definitions of symbols used in Ratings:
Week 2.” (PG) Week 3.” (N) (PG) “Grow Up and Be Men.” (PG) (11:01) Tykes: Steel the program listings: (Y) All children

VH1 Basketball Wives (14) T.I. and Tiny T.I. and Tiny Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (14) Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta (14) Strength of a Woman T.I. and Tiny ★ Recommended film (Y7) Directed to older children
✩ Recommended series (G) General audience
WE Law & Order “Virus.” Insulin deaths Law & Order “Securitate.” Man is Law & Order “Manhood.” Gay cop Law & Order “Benevolence.” Deaf Law & Order “Sweeps.” Kills son’s Law & Order ● New or noteworthy program (PG) Parental guidance
linked to computer. (PG) killed in carjacking. (14) dies in drug bust. (PG) girl strangled. (PG) molester on talk show. (PG) “Volunteers.” (N) New show or episode suggested
(CC) Closed-caption (14) Parents strongly cautioned
WGN-A Cops (14) Cops (14) Cops (14) Cops (PG) Cops (14) Cops (14) . A Few Good Men (1992). Tom Cruise, Jack Nicholson. (R)
(HD) High definition (MA) Mature audience only
YES M.L.B. Toronto Blue Jays vs. New York Yankees. New York Yankees Postgame SportsMoney M.L.B. Blue Jays vs. Yankees
 C8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

Weather Report Meteorology by AccuWeather

Vancouver 30s
0 Metropolitan Forecast Record
90° highs
50s
50
50
0s H
Regina
Winn
nn eg
nnipeg
L Quebec
c
TODAY ...................Mostly sunny and windy
Seattle
Spokane High 72. As a front moves off the coast,
50s H
Halifax
Portlan
andd Montreal 60s
s gusty west winds will usher drier air into
Helena
Bissmarck Po
Por
ortland
the region. Morning sunshine will mix with
Eugen
ene
ne Fargo Ottawa
Billings 40s
s Burrlington
n onn some patchy clouds in the afternoon.
40s
0s
M n
Ma
Manchester 80°
Bo
Boise
60s Minneapo
n olis
o St. Paul
S Toron
nto
o Alba
any
an Boston
B s TONIGHT ...................................Mainly clear
50
50s
Pierre Milwaukkkee Buffalo Har
Hartford
a or Low 53. Afternoon clouds will dissipate,
Det
et
etroit
C
Casper
Sioux
o Falls
New York
N rk giving way to clear skies. While the wind
40s
s
Reno
o Cheyy
yenne 60s Des Mo
Moines Chicago
o Cleveland Pittsburg
urghh
Phi
Philadelphia
hia
will begin to ease, it will remain a bit
90s
s Omaha
Salt Lakk
ke
L breezy overnight. It will be cooler, but 70°
Cityy Indianapolis
i Wash
Washington
ash
San Francisc
Francisco
ranc co D
Denver Kansas temperatures will still be slightly above Normal
Springfield
i Richm
chmond
Topeka City
y normal.
Colorado
Color
lor Charleston
Charles
e highs
Fresno Lass Sp
Springs St. Louis N
Norfolk
70s
70 s Vegass Louisville
TOMORROW ................Mostly sunny, cooler
Wichita 70s H Raleigh
gh
Los Angeles
An Santa Fe
San Nashville Charlo
rlo
lotte High 63. The morning will be sunny, with
100+
0+ Oklahoma City Memphis some patchy clouds developing in the 60°
Phoe
hoenix
hoe Albuquerque Little
ttle Ro
Rock
San
Sa
an Diego
o Columb
bia
Birmingham
m afternoon. The breeze will shift to the
Lubbo
Lubbock Atlant
anta
70s
0s
s 90s Tucsooonn northwest, bringing cooler air.
Dallas
80s
0 El Paso Ft. Worth
Ft
8
80s THURSDAY ............................Afternoon rain
Jackson
n
90s J
Jacksonville
80s Clouds will arrive as the next storm sys- Normal
Mo
Mobile 50° lows
Honolulu
nolul 80s San Anton
Antonio
Baton
o Rouge tem begins approaching from the south-
New O
Orlando
Hilo Hou
ouston Orleans Tampa
a west, bringing light rain in the evening. It
70s
will remain cool for early May.
Corpus Christi
C TODAY
Miami FRIDAY
20s
90s Monterrey
Nassau SATURDAY ........................Heavy rain Friday
30s 40
40s 40° T F S S M T W T F S
Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time. Friday will be cool, with periodic rain and
Fairbanks TODAY’S HIGHS
a high of 63. Saturday will remain mostly
50s cloudy, with a few showers early in the Forecast
<0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+
Actual range
Anch
Anchorage
ncho
nchorage day. The high will be 63.
40s H L High High Record
Juneau
eau
COLD WARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOW MOSTLY SHOWERS T-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE lows
FRONTS COLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low

Highlight: Major Storm Later This Week National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac
A storm will strengthen as As a powerful storm moves northeast In Central Park for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
it moves along the into Quebec today, severe thunderstorms
western slopes of the should come to an end across the United Temperature Precipitation (in inches)
Appalachians on Montreal States. A few strong to severe storms may 90° Yesterday ............... 0.00
Thursday into Friday. The occur in parts of Florida, ahead of a mass Record
Record .................... 2.48
storm may produce of much cooler air approaching the East high 87° For the last 30 days
(2001) Actual ..................... 3.84
heavy rainfall from the Boston Coast. 80° 72°
Toronto Normal .................... 4.46
Ohio Valley to upstate Clouds and showers will stretch from 3 p.m.
For the last 365 days
New York with the northern New England to the central Actual ................... 46.81
HEAVIEST SUN. YESTERDAY
potential for some Detroit RAIN New York Appalachians and much of the Great 70° Normal Normal .................. 49.94
flooding. Along the East high 67°
Lakes. Sunshine and low humidity are in LAST 30 DAYS
Coast, Friday will be Pittsburgh Air pressure Humidity
the forecast for much of the South and 60°
stormy with rain, thunder- Washington the southern Plains. High ........... 30.17 1 a.m. High ............. 96% 5 a.m.
storms and increasing VERY Low ............ 29.85 4 p.m. Low.............. 60% 2 p.m.
Cincinnati A storm system will bring rain and snow
WINDY
winds. Much cooler air FRIDAY showers to the central and northern
Normal
50° low 50° Cooling Degree Days
will follow the storm for Rockies, with rain over parts of the north- An index of fuel consumption that tracks how
the weekend. HEAVY ern High Plains. Dry weather is expected 49° far the day’s mean temperature rose above 65
L T-STORMS
for the rest of the West, aside from a few 40°
6 a.m.
Record Yesterday ..................................................................... 0
spotty showers over the Olympic Peninsu- low 35° So far this month .......................................................... 0
(1880) So far this season (since January 1).......................... 34
la of Washington. Normal to date for the season ................................... 10

4 12 6 12 4
p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Trends Temperature Precipitation
Little Rock 70/ 49 0 81/ 56 S 73/ 49 R New Delhi 102/ 71 0 105/ 79 PC 103/ 79 PC
Cities Los Angeles 84/ 58 0 85/ 59 S 87/ 59 S Riyadh 97/ 76 0 101/ 74 S 102/ 75 PC Average Average
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 66/ 52 0.60 72/ 48 S 63/ 54 C Seoul 82/ 52 0 79/ 59 S 84/ 59 S Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above
p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in Memphis 68/ 51 0 80/ 58 S 79/ 53 R Shanghai 81/ 63 0.07 72/ 64 R 75/ 64 C from normal from normal Last 10 days
inches) for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 87/ 76 0.04 87/ 75 PC 87/ 76 PC Singapore 90/ 79 0 88/ 79 T 88/ 78 T this month ............. +2.4° this year ................ +3.1°
Milwaukee 56/ 41 0.18 53/ 38 W 57/ 39 PC Sydney 78/ 57 0 75/ 60 PC 67/ 58 C 30 days
Expected conditions for today and tomorrow.
Mpls.-St. Paul 41/ 39 0.41 58/ 43 PC 64/ 45 Sh Taipei 84/ 66 0.02 85/ 72 T 85/ 72 T 90 days
C ....................... Clouds S ............................. Sun Nashville 69/ 50 0.30 78/ 52 S 76/ 58 C Tehran 84/ 60 0 83/ 63 C 79/ 62 PC Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days
F ............................ Fog Sn ....................... Snow New Orleans 79/ 60 0 84/ 65 S 81/ 65 T Tokyo 75/ 60 0.10 70/ 58 S 70/ 59 PC
H .......................... Haze SS ......... Snow showers Norfolk 90/ 67 0 82/ 62 S 78/ 58 S Yesterday ............. 100% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation
Oklahoma City 72/ 48 0 78/ 53 PC 63/ 45 C Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow
I............................... Ice T .......... Thunderstorms Est. normal ............. 98% trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Omaha 56/ 40 0.18 66/ 43 S 65/ 43 Sh Amsterdam 57/ 49 0.57 56/ 46 R 57/ 45 T
PC........... Partly cloudy Tr ........................ Trace Athens 81/ 61 0 80/ 61 S 80/ 60 S
Orlando 91/ 71 0 84/ 66 T 88/ 67 PC
R ........................... Rain W ....................... Windy Philadelphia 83/ 62 0 75/ 52 W 67/ 47 S Berlin 61/ 41 0 56/ 43 R 60/ 46 Sh
Sh ................... Showers –.............. Not available Phoenix
Pittsburgh
93/
76/
67
49
0
0.48
96/
59/
70
43
S
W
98/
58/
70
42
S
C
Brussels
Budapest
57/ 46 0
65/ 38 0
59/ 45 R
67/ 49 PC
56/ 45 T
69/ 50 T
Recreational Forecast
N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Portland, Me. 48/ 43 0.30 63/ 45 Sh 62/ 39 C Copenhagen 54/ 40 0 53/ 44 S 53/ 41 PC
New York City 72/ 49 0 74/ 53 W 63/ 46 S Portland, Ore. 56/ 49 0.02 62/ 54 C 81/ 57 C Dublin 59/ 44 0.02 56/ 45 PC 54/ 45 PC Sun, Moon and Planets Mountain and Ocean Temperatures
Bridgeport 65/ 49 0.04 72/ 52 W 64/ 46 S Providence 66/ 58 Tr 72/ 50 W 63/ 42 PC Edinburgh 53/ 46 0.05 56/ 43 PC 57/ 42 PC
Caldwell 77/ 49 Tr 74/ 50 W 61/ 42 S Raleigh 84/ 59 0.04 79/ 55 S 79/ 56 S Frankfurt 54/ 45 0.33 57/ 43 T 63/ 46 T First Quarter Full Last Quarter New
Danbury 72/ 45 0 71/ 43 W 59/ 37 PC Reno 75/ 51 0 78/ 52 S 82/ 54 S Geneva 52/ 38 0.68 53/ 40 R 59/ 42 R Today’s forecast
Islip 68/ 50 0.02 70/ 50 W 64/ 42 S Richmond 85/ 61 0 78/ 56 S 75/ 53 S Helsinki 55/ 32 0 55/ 35 S 52/ 33 PC
Newark 77/ 51 0.01 74/ 53 W 64/ 44 S Rochester 75/ 48 0.05 55/ 43 Sh 56/ 37 C Istanbul 64/ 54 0 70/ 55 C 72/ 55 S White
Trenton 81/ 51 0 73/ 50 W 63/ 43 S Sacramento 89/ 63 0 91/ 64 S 92/ 64 S Kiev 59/ 46 0 65/ 44 S 65/ 46 PC May 2 May 10 May 18 May 25 58/36 Cloudy with brief showers
White Plains 72/ 47 0.01 71/ 49 W 61/ 42 S Salt Lake City 62/ 47 0.07 63/ 43 PC 67/ 48 PC Lisbon 68/ 50 0 76/ 56 S 81/ 59 PC 5:42 p.m. 3:45 p.m.
San Antonio 87/ 61 0 89/ 69 PC 85/ 59 T London 56/ 47 0.42 64/ 46 C 56/ 48 C Green
United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow 47/30 Brief showers
San Diego 75/ 60 0 73/ 60 PC 73/ 61 PC Madrid 66/ 35 0 73/ 47 S 80/ 51 S Sun RISE 5:53 a.m. Moon S 1:28 a.m.
Albany 77/ 59 0 68/ 46 Sh 57/ 40 C Moscow 75/ 52 0 67/ 39 PC 54/ 37 PC
San Francisco 77/ 55 0 76/ 57 PC 79/ 56 S SET 7:53 p.m. R 11:49 a.m. Adirondacks
Albuquerque 72/ 46 0 75/ 48 S 72/ 49 PC Nice 72/ 52 0.24 65/ 51 R 64/ 52 PC
San Jose 88/ 58 0 89/ 61 S 91/ 63 S NEXT R 5:52 a.m. S 2:12 a.m.
Anchorage 49/ 34 0 52/ 39 C 53/ 39 PC Oslo 57/ 36 0 63/ 40 S 59/ 37 S 53/38 A few showers
San Juan 82/ 75 0.33 84/ 74 Sh 87/ 76 Sh 40s
Atlanta 73/ 54 0.49 77/ 57 S 83/ 62 PC Paris 61/ 44 0.14 61/ 45 T 57/ 44 Sh Jupiter S 5:01 a.m. Mars R 7:10 a.m.
Seattle 55/ 46 0.03 62/ 53 Sh 73/ 54 C Berkshires
Atlantic City 72/ 62 0 71/ 54 W 64/ 47 S Prague 60/ 40 0 57/ 39 PC 63/ 46 T R 5:27 p.m. S 10:03 p.m.
Sioux Falls 50/ 32 0.41 62/ 40 PC 65/ 41 Sh 63/41 Mostly cloudy, a shower
Austin 88/ 58 0 90/ 67 S 86/ 57 T Rome 66/ 45 0 69/ 49 PC 68/ 49 PC
Spokane 52/ 38 0 61/ 45 PC 69/ 48 PC Saturn S 8:45 a.m. Venus R 4:10 a.m.
Baltimore 82/ 59 0 77/ 53 S 68/ 49 S St. Petersburg 51/ 33 0 51/ 36 S 49/ 36 C
St. Louis 55/ 47 0.02 71/ 49 S 55/ 46 R R 11:21 p.m. S 4:28 p.m. Catskills
Baton Rouge 81/ 57 0 87/ 60 S 80/ 62 T Stockholm 59/ 35 0 58/ 34 S 55/ 32 S
St. Thomas 81/ 74 0.09 84/ 76 Sh 84/ 76 Sh 55/38 A shower or two, windy
Birmingham 75/ 52 1.00 80/ 57 S 85/ 62 PC Vienna 63/ 41 0 61/ 42 PC 66/ 48 R
Syracuse 78/ 53 0.02 59/ 43 Sh 52/ 36 C Boating
Boise 62/ 46 0 67/ 45 PC 73/ 51 S Warsaw 57/ 37 0 58/ 45 PC 54/ 49 C
Tampa 89/ 76 0 87/ 71 T 90/ 74 PC Poconos
Boston 56/ 51 0.07 73/ 50 W 63/ 44 PC
Toledo 64/ 43 0.35 51/ 38 W 60/ 41 PC North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20 54/39 Windy and cooler 50s
Buffalo 70/ 47 0.07 51/ 41 Sh 53/ 37 PC
Tucson 89/ 59 0 91/ 60 S 94/ 61 S nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New
Burlington 68/ 57 0.13 64/ 46 Sh 55/ 40 W Tulsa 69/ 49 0 75/ 53 PC 63/ 45 R Acapulco 86/ 75 0 88/ 76 PC 88/ 77 PC
Casper 50/ 28 0.05 51/ 28 Sn 57/ 33 C York Harbor. Southwest Pa.
Virginia Beach 83/ 68 0 78/ 61 S 74/ 56 S Bermuda 75/ 70 0.01 75/ 70 S 74/ 70 PC
Charlotte 78/ 55 0.20 76/ 54 S 78/ 58 S Washington 82/ 64 0 77/ 56 S 71/ 52 S Edmonton 51/ 32 0.01 56/ 32 PC 65/ 44 C Small craft advisory in effect. Wind will be from the 54/39 Very windy
Chattanooga 74/ 51 0.73 77/ 53 S 80/ 59 PC Guadalajara 89/ 53 0 92/ 54 PC 91/ 53 PC southwest at 10-20 knots, gusts to 30 knots. Waves 60s
Wichita 68/ 46 0.03 72/ 50 PC 61/ 43 R
Chicago 56/ 41 0.12 54/ 36 W 60/ 42 PC Wilmington, Del. 79/ 62 0 75/ 52 W 66/ 45 S Havana 88/ 73 0.05 87/ 70 PC 88/ 71 S 6-9 feet on the ocean and 2-4 feet on Long Island
Cincinnati 65/ 47 0.70 67/ 43 S 62/ 48 C Kingston 88/ 77 0 87/ 77 PC 87/ 78 PC
West Virginia
Sound and on New York Harbor. 70s
Cleveland 71/ 48 0.27 56/ 45 W 58/ 46 PC Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow Martinique 88/ 76 0.01 85/ 76 PC 85/ 74 Sh 61/42 Very windy, mostly sunny
Colorado Springs 61/ 37 0 57/ 38 Sh 56/ 37 C Algiers 68/ 51 0 71/ 50 S 76/ 55 S Mexico City 85/ 55 0 82/ 54 PC 82/ 54 PC High Tides
Columbus 70/ 49 0.43 64/ 43 W 62/ 47 C Cairo 84/ 69 0.01 84/ 64 S 86/ 65 S Monterrey 89/ 57 0 93/ 66 S 100/ 66 PC Color bands
Concord, N.H. 55/ 48 0.02 71/ 44 Sh 61/ 38 C Cape Town 70/ 54 0.06 77/ 58 S 82/ 58 S Montreal 52/ 41 0.65 59/ 43 Sh 54/ 34 W Atlantic City ................. 12:52 a.m. .............. 1:41 p.m. Blue Ridge indicate water
Dallas-Ft. Worth 83/ 58 0 86/ 65 S 78/ 54 R Dakar 79/ 69 0 79/ 68 S 76/ 68 PC Nassau 88/ 75 0 88/ 73 PC 87/ 75 PC Barnegat Inlet ................ 1:05 a.m. .............. 1:51 p.m. 67/48 Very windy, mostly sunny temperature.
Denver 62/ 33 0 61/ 34 Sh 58/ 35 C Johannesburg 67/ 45 0 70/ 47 PC 70/ 48 C Panama City 88/ 75 0 88/ 73 PC 90/ 74 PC The Battery .................... 1:45 a.m. .............. 2:32 p.m.
Des Moines 48/ 38 0.13 65/ 43 S 65/ 44 C Nairobi 77/ 58 0.25 75/ 58 T 75/ 60 T Quebec City 43/ 38 0.84 56/ 42 Sh 52/ 34 C Beach Haven ................. 2:34 a.m. .............. 3:18 p.m.
Detroit 66/ 45 0.31 52/ 39 W 62/ 43 PC Tunis 81/ 55 0 72/ 55 S 79/ 60 S Santo Domingo 86/ 69 0 84/ 71 Sh 85/ 71 PC Bridgeport ..................... 4:43 a.m. .............. 5:25 p.m.
El Paso 85/ 56 0 88/ 60 S 87/ 60 S Toronto 65/ 44 0.27 53/ 38 Sh 58/ 35 PC City Island ...................... 4:51 a.m. .............. 5:54 p.m.
A departing low-pressure system will bring
Fargo 60/ 36 0.36 66/ 41 PC 65/ 40 Sh Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow Vancouver 52/ 44 0.05 59/ 50 C 60/ 52 R
Hartford 73/ 59 0 75/ 47 W 61/ 40 PC Baghdad 99/ 71 0.04 96/ 66 C 96/ 67 PC Fire Island Lt. ................. 2:02 a.m. .............. 2:46 p.m. clouds and showers from southwestern
Winnipeg 59/ 35 0 62/ 38 C 61/ 38 C
Honolulu 82/ 70 0.52 85/ 71 Sh 84/ 73 S Bangkok 99/ 79 0 97/ 84 T 97/ 82 T Montauk Point ................ 2:27 a.m. .............. 3:05 p.m. Pennsylvania to the Green and White
Houston 87/ 60 0 88/ 68 S 81/ 59 T Beijing 84/ 47 0 87/ 58 S 82/ 59 C South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ....................... 4:47 a.m. .............. 5:29 p.m.
Indianapolis 59/ 45 0.20 63/ 40 W 60/ 47 R Damascus 87/ 58 0 81/ 49 T 82/ 48 S Buenos Aires 81/ 52 0 77/ 58 PC 75/ 55 C Port Washington ............ 4:52 a.m. .............. 5:50 p.m. Mountains. West Virginia and the Blue
Jackson 75/ 54 0 82/ 57 S 80/ 57 T Hong Kong 84/ 72 0 84/ 73 PC 84/ 76 T Caracas 87/ 74 0.71 86/ 78 T 86/ 78 C Sandy Hook ................... 1:16 a.m. .............. 2:00 p.m. Ridge Mountains will be mostly sunny and
Jacksonville 89/ 62 0 84/ 54 S 84/ 60 PC Jakarta 90/ 77 0.14 89/ 76 T 89/ 76 T Lima 74/ 67 0 76/ 67 PC 76/ 67 PC Shinnecock Inlet .......... 12:56 a.m. .............. 1:34 p.m.
Kansas City 56/ 46 0.04 68/ 47 S 60/ 42 Sh Jerusalem 79/ 55 0 72/ 54 T 71/ 53 S Quito 67/ 52 0.30 71/ 52 R 70/ 52 R Stamford ........................ 4:46 a.m. .............. 5:28 p.m.
a bit cooler. Highs will range from the
Key West 85/ 79 0 85/ 78 PC 85/ 78 PC Karachi 96/ 79 0 97/ 80 PC 99/ 80 S Recife 86/ 79 0.11 86/ 77 Sh 85/ 77 Sh Tarrytown ....................... 3:34 a.m. .............. 4:21 p.m. mid-50s in the Adirondacks to the low
Las Vegas 88/ 67 0 90/ 70 S 92/ 72 S Manila 93/ 80 0.04 95/ 81 T 95/ 80 T Rio de Janeiro 79/ 65 0.01 78/ 64 PC 80/ 66 S
Lexington 68/ 50 0.93 70/ 45 S 64/ 52 C Mumbai 91/ 80 0 90/ 75 PC 92/ 77 PC Santiago 66/ 43 0 70/ 43 PC 78/ 42 S
Willets Point ................... 4:49 a.m. .............. 5:51 p.m. 70s in the Blue Ridge.
4 THE CHECKUP 5 PERSONAL HEALTH 6 EXPEDITIONS

Not a ‘numbers When medicine has Lost in the dark with

person’? Math little to offer, some a dying phone and a
anxiety is a problem families step into the forager called the
all over the world. unknown. Mushroom Man.

SCIENCE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY HEALTH TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 D1

N

ADRIANA ZEHBRAUSKAS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Double Jeopardy
Zika usually infects both twins if they are
identical, but only one if fraternal. The
difference may be a key to the epidemic.
By PAM BELLUCK and TANIA FRANCO
PAULISTA, BRAZIL — On the bed next to her
brother, Ana Vitória da Silva Araújo acted
like the 1-year-old she was. She smiled and
babbled. She played with a stuffed whale.
She plucked the pacifier from her brother’s
mouth and the burp cloth from his shoulder.
Her brother, João Lucas, seemed un-
aware of her, his eyes closed, his mouth
making sucking motions. It was typical be-
havior for a newborn. But João Lucas is the
exact same age as Ana Vitória — they are
twins.
João Lucas was born with microcephaly
and other serious problems, the result of his
mother being bitten by a Zika infected mos-
quito during pregnancy. But the virus that
attacked his brain in the womb apparently
spared his sister.
The siblings are one of nine sets of twins
identified in Brazil’s Zika crisis, and scien-
tists hope they can shed light on how the vi-
rus works generally and why it inflicts ruth-
less damage on some babies and not others.
Twins often yield clues to medical mys-
teries because their biological similarities
allow scientists to identify relevant differ-
ences. Determining why one twin became
infected in the womb while the other did not
may illuminate how Zika crosses the pla-
Valéria Gomes Ribeiro
holding João Lucas, who has
centa, how it enters the brain, and whether microcephaly, on a two-hour
any genetic mutations make a fetus more bus ride home after taking
him to appointments. The
resistant or susceptible to Zika infection.
Until recently, Brazil’s Zika twins seemed
to follow a pattern, said Mayana Zatz, a ge-
green tape is applied to relax
his tight muscles.
neticist and molecular biologist at the Uni-
versity of São Paulo. The cases include two
sets of identical twins, and both babies in “He would fall asleep,
each pair have microcephaly, she said. and five minutes later he
There are also six sets of fraternal twins, in would start screaming.”
which one twin has microcephaly, while the
NEIDE MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA
other appears unaffected.
Since identical twins share one placenta
while fraternal twins almost always have
separate placentas, Dr. Zatz and other ex-
CONTINUED ON PAGE D6

Finding Their Voices The New Threat to Wolves

Speech training smooths the
transition to a new identity.
By CATHERINE SAINT LOUIS
In her 30s, Sophie Marat, now 42, used to
record herself reading poetry aloud, then
play it back to hear if she sounded like a
woman. Ms. Marat, who is transgender, had
spent years trying to remake her voice in
private by speaking in a higher pitch but ul-
timately felt that her efforts were hopeless.
“I was feeling like changing my voice to
match my gender identity was almost im-
possible,” she said. “It was terrible.”
Ms. Marat’s transition from male to fe-
male has been a gradual evolution. She had
come out to friends and family back home in
Mexico, then began to wear skirts to work
men choose to take hormones or have
surgery, or choose neither, some seek to
feminize or masculinize their voices. Many
say they want a voice that matches their ap-
pearance or that the change allows them to
escape unwanted attention. There’s also a
growing recognition among health profes-
sionals who have transgender patients that
altering one’s voice can improve quality of
life and reduce distress.
“This isn’t just a sidebar,” said Sandy
Hirsch, a Seattle-based speech language
pathologist who was a co-author of the pio-
neering textbook on transgender voice and
communication therapy. “It’s an integral
part of care for transgender people as they
transition.”
Transgender men who take testosterone
permanently thicken their vocal folds,
Biologists worry as hunting
resumes outside Yellowstone.
By JIM ROBBINS
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, WYO. — The
vast, sagebrush-studded valleys in this
huge chunk of wild country, teeming with
herds of elk and bison, are home these days
to 10 packs of wolves.
Once among the first species to be listed
as endangered, the gray wolf has made a
healthy comeback within Yellowstone Na-
tional Park and its bordering states. Since
1995-96 when 31 wolves were trucked into
the park from Canada, their numbers have
grown and stabilized to the point that offi-
cials could essentially post a “no vacancy
sign” at Yellowstone. That’s because the RYAN DORGAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

as a software engineer in Manhattan. Still,
her confidence would falter with everyday
tasks like ordering takeout. “It was really
painful to speak on the phone,” she said,
“because they would reply, ‘O.K., sir.’”
That was before she started her weekly
sessions with a voice therapist at New York
University’s speech-language-hearing
clinic, one of a growing number of programs
that cater to transgender clients seeking to
retrain their voices.
Just as some transgender women and
which tends to deepen the pitch of their
voice. But transgender women who take
hormones — a mix of estrogen and andro-
gen-reducing drugs, for example —
typically hear no change in their voices. As
a result, transgender women are more
likely to work with voice therapists, though
transgender men can benefit as well, as
some struggle with pitch instability and
voice fatigue.
A lot of what transgender women learn in
CONTINUED ON PAGE D4
park’s wolf population has hovered for the
last decade at 100, give or take, which ex-
perts consider Yellowstone’s carrying ca-
pacity.
Protected on parkland, gray wolves show
little fear of humans, often living out their
lives within view of roads. They attract
thousands of tourists a year who sometimes
become witnesses to the life-or-death dra-
mas between predator and prey.
And some catch a glimpse of a rare white
wolf.
“Yellowstone is the best place in the Samples from the heads
world to view wolves,” said Douglas Smith, of dead wolves are used
the park’s wolf biologist, as he hiked up a in a study of Yellowstone
fog-shrouded hill searching for one of the National Park wolves.
packs.
The sprawling 2.2 million-acre park acts
as a laboratory for Dr. Smith and other sci-
entists, who are conducting a long-term
study of this very rare population of wolves
— unusual because they are neither shot
CONTINUED ON PAGE D3
D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017

Observatory
FINDINGS, EVENTS AND MORE

Engrailed-rubbed moth Granite-bogus moth

(Moides cupida) (Mongusii amyelithophane)

Minor pleuroptya clearwing-middle (Pleuca sphelicoverpa) The great bluish ruby Sociable-anna moth Dowdy (Visaliva atrolaris)
(Mumens marmata) (Brsalli approei)

Large finned-swordsman-scoparia The armyworm-adana Woolly-woolly Seven-oculea moth

(Flucarissima parecta) (Pimenis striana) (Gigantellerae aecedens) (Densoraliella ubnivosella)

Browntail-baworth’s moth Rivulet-cacozelia ferruginous Mobile-rocky wedge moth (Obtusea decipiens) Pleromelloida chi Cecrops
(Longimulea musiccatus) (Phidingsii ellucidaria) (Sabalia scella) (Pictata insozmani)
KATIE ROSE PIPKIN AND LOREN SCHMIDT

INTELLIGENT DESIGN

There’s a Moth in Your Feed

Not all Twitter bots are trying to spam, hack or peddle you fake news. Some are
works of creativity. There’s @shark_girls, which casts two geotracked great
white sharks as travel writers. There’s @the_ephemerides, which juxtaposes
raw images taken by outer planet probes like the Cassini spacecraft with com-
puter-generated poems.
A cult favorite among science Twitter bots is @mothgenerator, which tweets
make-believe moths in all shapes, sizes, textures and iridescent colors. It’s pro-
Elderberry straw grammed to generate variations in several anatomical structures of real moths,
(Ncorrupta vanalis)
including antennas, wing shapes and wing markings.
A related program recombines real Latin and English moth names to make new ones. And if you reply
to the account with name suggestions, it will generate a corresponding moth.
Inspired by naturalist illustrations like those of Ernst Haeckel, the programmers designed their bot to
create moths stroke by stroke, in loving detail.
“At its core, the moth generator is a wildly byzantine drawing machine,” said Katie Rose Pipkin, an art-
ist at Carnegie Mellon University who created the bot with Loren Schmidt. STEPH YIN

C O LO N I A L A R C H I T E C T U R E F I R ST C L A SS

For Homes on Mars, A Novel Stamp

NASA
F LY BY E - BY E
Cassini’s Deep Dives
NASA’s Cassini spacecraft has
survived its first passage between
Saturn and the planet’s innermost
ring, coming within 1,900 miles of
the cloud tops. Cassini didn’t
resume contact with Earth until
nearly a day after the passage,
sending back close-up images of
Saturn, including its hurricane-
like storms, above.
This milestone is the beginning
One Day Builders
May Favor Red Brick
We often wonder if somewhere
hidden on Mars are the building
blocks for life. But what about
building blocks for a civilization?
A new study suggests that the
material humanity needs to one
day construct buildings and even
entire colonies on Mars may
already exist within the planet’s
desolate soil.
Experimenting with a sub-
stance similar to what you might
find on the surface of Mars, re-
searchers found that with enough
pressure they could mash the
mock Martian dirt into bricks —
no extraterrestrial kiln needed.
The technique could make it
possible to develop building
material on Mars without need-
ing extreme heat, water or a
binding agent. Though the bricks
they created were small, they
were stronger than steel-
reinforced concrete.
NICHOLAS ST. FLEUR
F I R ST A M E R I C A N S
This Dog Is Quite Proud, Despite All Appearances
Pity the Chinese crested dog,
whose scrawny, wrinkly appear-
ance has drawn guffaws for, oh,
hundreds of years. But revenge is
sweet: Scientists now report that
the breed is among just a handful
descending from the first dogs to
populate the Americas.
Dogs were domesticated 15,000
or more years ago, scientists now
think, and accompanied the first
people who migrated from Asia to
America more than 10,000 years
ago. But those dogs seem to have
disappeared when Europeans
brought over their own dogs.
Recently geneticists found that
several breeds — including the
To Mark the Eclipse
The Postal Service is commemo-
rating this summer's total solar
eclipse with a first-of-its kind
stamp. Just touch it, and an image
of the blacked-out sun morphs
into the moon. Remove your
finger, and the eclipses sun
reappears.
The trick: temperature-sensi-
tive ink.
There's a map on the back of
the stamp sheet showing the
eclipse's diagonal path across the
United States on Aug. 21, as the
moon covers the sun in the sky.
It will be the first total solar
eclipse visible in the contiguous
United States since 1979, and the
first one running coast to coast
since 1918. (A.P.)
JUSTIN SULLIVAN/GETTY IMAGES
Chinese crested — share large
chunks of DNA not found in
other breeds. This DNA most
likely comes from ancient Ameri-
can dogs, they said. So the Chi-
nese crested dog, despite its
name, seems not to have come
from Asia at all.
JAMES GORMAN

of the end. Cassini will make 21

more dives between Saturn and
the rings, and then, on Sept. 15, it
I ’ M O K , YO U ’ R E A C C E P TA B L E
will plunge into the planet.
KENNETH CHANG
JACOBS SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING/UC SAN DIEGO
Empirical Evidence: Cats Love People
Researchers at Oregon State of catnip and gerbils.
University offered 38 cats a But 19 of them — half! — pre-
choice between food, a toy, an ferred the company of humans
“The world is not quite at the point where interesting smell (catnip, a gerbil) above all, choosing them over
every hot temperature record has a human
U.S. POSTAL SERVICE
and attention from a human. other entertainment possibilities.
Thirty-seven percent preferred So cats are not haughty and
fingerprint, but it’s getting close to that.” food to anything else. Eleven aloof. They’re affable, affectionate
Noah Diffenbaugh, climate scientist at Stanford University
ONLINE: TRILOBITES
percent liked toys, and one cat and selfless. Yeah, right. Daily nuggets of science for mobile
was preoccupied with the smells NICHOLAS BAKALAR readers. nytimes.com/trilobites
WANG HE/GETTY IMAGES

The New Threat to Wolves
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
nor trapped. And it turns out a wolf pro-
tected from human killing is a very different
animal from those that are hunted.
That may change, researchers say, as
more hunting is allowed in the states that
surround the park.
As the packs grew, many wolves roamed
outside the national park, replenishing the
wild lands. Wolves now number about 1,700
in the Western states of Montana, Idaho,
Wyoming, Oregon and Washington.
Threats to livestock have intensified in re-
cent years, pitting ranchers against conser-
vationists and prompting some states to
permit limited wolf hunting again at certain
times.
In March, a United States Court of Ap-
peals paved the way for Wyoming to join
Idaho and Montana in allowing wolf hunt-
ing. Wildlife officials are now planning a
hunting season on gray wolves for this fall,
based on the court’s ruling that the state’s
plan to manage wolves was adequate to en-
sure that the once-threatened species
would not be imperiled again by hunting
wolves near the park or those that leave it.
Experts say that the gray wolf is no long-
er in danger of being completely wiped out
by hunting. Their extirpation by the 1920s
or so was caused by unregulated killing.
But expanding the hunt for wolves
around the edges of the park poses several
issues at Yellowstone Park, where the man-
agement protects wildlife so people can
watch and study it.
“What will hunting wolves nearby do to
that?” Dr. Smith asked.
A study underway that Yellowstone has
joined with Denali and Grand Teton Na-
“Yellowstone is the best
place in the world to
view wolves.”
DOUGLAS SMITH
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK
tional Parks is examining that very ques-
tion. A paper published last year by Dr.
Smith and others found that sightings of
wolves in Denali and Yellowstone “were
significantly reduced” by as much as 45 per-
cent from trapping and hunting.
If the wolves become less visible, that
could diminish the steady flow of tourism
dollars, given that wolf watching in Yellow-
stone alone is estimated to generate $35
million a year for the regional economy.
Officials in Montana have already placed
a quota on the number of wolves that could
be shot by hunters north of the park — four
each season — to minimize the impact on
wolf watching in the park.
Yet another possible effect of expanded
hunting would be the disruption of a historic
long-term wolf research project. .
Yellowstone’s vast wilderness provides
the only place in the world where many
packs of wolves, free from human hunting,
live in full view of groups of biologists
equipped with high-tech research equip-
ment.
Ten of the park’s wolves wear GPS collars
that beam their whereabouts as many as 48
times a day to a satellite, providing re-
searchers with unprecedented detail on
what wolves do all day.
A team of up to 20 researchers and volun-
teers, sitting on a hilltop with spotting
scopes or peering down from aircraft, wit-
ness the daily goings-on year-round. Cam-
era traps record remote wolf activity. And
because they have lived without the threat
of being shot and with near daily tourist
traffic — the wolves ignore the researchers
and are readily observed.
As a result, a complex and in some cases
unprecedented portrait of wolves is emerg-
ing.
For example, protected wolves regard
humans very differently. “Wolf hunters talk
about seeing a pack of park wolves outside
the boundary, and being able to pick the one
they want,” Dr. Smith said. “They just stand
there and have no fear.”
While all wolves are very social with a hi-
erarchy, those pack rules are often cor-
rupted when human hunting enters the pic-
ture. In the park, researchers are getting a
thorough look at pure wolf social dynamics
— within and between packs.
For the first time, pack longevity has
been studied in depth, the life span of a pack
is eight to 10 years in the park. One pack
called the Druid is more than 20 years old.
Hunted wolf packs, on the other hand, often
last just two or three years. When one or
two of the wolves are shot or trapped, mem-
THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Yellowstone National Park’s Northern Range is rich with wildlife that draws visitors, top. A wolf
chasing magpies and ravens from an elk carcass in the park in 2016, middle. A female wolf killed
by an elk, above, with five unborn pups that were likely within days of birth, above.
bers of the pack often scatter and reform
with different members.
Park wolves live to be about five, double
thethe life span outside its borders. Yellow-
stone’soldest wolf reached 12 ½ years.
Group dynamics also change signifi-
cantly, sometimes in mercurial ways, when
membership shifts or a pack loses individu-
als. “Personalities matter,” Dr. Smith said,
noting that science doesn’t have a good way
to assess the effect. “It’s really hard.”
Then there is the role of the wise wolf to
consider. During pack warfare, a deciding
factor can be the presence of an elder, a sin-
gle wolf older than five, that is even more
important than the number of wolves, re-
searchers found.
“It was a surprise,” said Kira Cassidy, a
Park Service biologist and an author of the
study. “I attribute it to the fact that older
wolves will only engage their neighbors if
they feel they are likely to win.”
Research here also leads Dr. Smith to be-
lieve that wolf packs are matrilineal. Males
come and go, he said, but “Gramma, Mom
and the daughter are the ones that stick
around” and carry on the pack through gen-
erations.
There is some evidence that the increase
in hunting could alter this research. When
the alpha female in the Lamar Canyon pack
left Yellowstone in 2012 and was shot, the
pack split into two and the alpha male left
because the new alpha female was his
daughter. (Wolves avoid inbreeding.)
Of course, the life of a wolf is a high-risk
occupation and natural deaths occur all the
time, especially when a pack tries to kill an-
imals with hooves and horns 20 times their
size. In early April, an alpha female with “a
belly full of pups” was killed either by an elk
or a bison, Dr. Smith said. Because only the
alpha female in a group reproduces, “that
means the pack won’t have pups this year,”
PHOTOGRAPHS BY RYAN DORGAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
JIM PEACO
he said.
Outside the park, ranchers have been vo-
cal in their support of expanding hunting,
citing real threats to their livestock.
Jon Robinett of Dubois, Wyo., says he has
lost hundreds of cattle, several horses and
six dogs to wolves over the last 20 years.
While there are 50 wolves in his part of the
Dunoir Valley, allowing hunters to take out
five won’t accomplish much, he said.
“Killing is what wolves do,” he said, add-
ing that even with reduced numbers, “they
aren’t going to quit their home range.” The
state compensates him for lost cattle, he
said, “but it doesn’t make you whole.”
Some biologists say there are legitimate
reasons to allow hunting, perhaps most im-
portant to placate residents. “A little blood
satisfies a lot of anger,” said Ed Bangs, a re-
tired Fish and Wildlife biologist who led the
effort to restore wolves to the northern
Rockies.
“The wolf most likely to get harvested by
a hunter is one that is in open areas with
road access,” the interface between ranches
and wild land, Dr. Bangs said. “So hunters
are removing the animals with the highest
probability of getting in trouble with live-
stock.”
Dr. Smith says the wolf personality is not
the only wild card in the Yellowstone frame
— humans figure in as well.
Last year, the famed white wolf left the
park and went into Montana for a few days.
Dr. Smith said a hunter who hates wolves
sought the 11-year-old female out as a prize
trophy. But the animal returned to safety in
the park.
Just last month, the wolf was found with
severe injuries and was euthanized. Law
enforcement is investigating her death. She
was almost twice as old as most wolves
here, but will be missed. “She was the most
coveted wolf to see,” Dr. Smith said.
Global Health D O NA L D G . M cN E I L J r.
A Cheap Drug Can Save Hemorrhaging Mothers
An inexpensive generic drug that
saves the lives of wounded sol-
diers and civilian car crash vic-
tims has now been shown to
rescue women suffering hemor-
rhages in childbirth.
Postpartum hemorrhage, in
which women bleed uncontrolla-
bly after childbirth, kills an esti-
mated 100,000 women a year in
poor and middle-income coun-
tries. The complication also forces
doctors to perform emergency
hysterectomies, especially when
hospitals have too little blood on
hand to provide transfusions.
In a major six-year trial involv-
ing over 20,000 women in 21 coun-
tries, researchers showed that
tranexamic acid, a little-known
blood-clotter invented in the
1950s, reduced maternal bleeding
deaths by a third if it was given
within three hours. It costs less
than $2 a dose and does not re-
quire refrigeration.
The trial — known as Woman,
short for World Maternal Antifib-
rinolytic — was led by doctors at
the London School of Hygiene
and Tropical Medicine and paid
for by the Wellcome Trust, Pfizer,
Britain’s health department and
the Bill and Melinda Gates Foun-
dation. Results were published
last week in The Lancet Apr26.
“Tranexamic acid can save
women’s lives and ensure more
children grow up with a mother,”
said Haleema Shakur, one of the
lead authors.
The World Health Organization
currently recommends treating
birth hemorrhages by massaging
the uterus and injecting uterus-
shrinking drugs like oxytocin.
Tranexamic acid acts in a dif-
ferent way — it allows blood to
clot more quickly — and so it
should be given in addition to the
usual measures and at the same
time, said Dr. Ian Roberts, one of
the study’s lead authors.
“Women die very quickly from
this, especially in Africa, because
they are so profoundly anemic,”
Dr. Roberts said. “Half the women
giving birth there start off with
roughly half the red blood cells
they should have. If you or I had
hemoglobin counts that low, we’d
be breathless.”
ScienceTake JA M E S G O R M A N
Naked Mole Rats Survive Without Oxygen
And, the award for strangest
mammal goes to . . .
If there were such a prize, the
naked mole rat could well win it.
For one thing, it’s naked. And
coldblooded, which seems wrong.
No other known mammal is.
Until recently scientists
thought mole rats never got can-
cer. Then two mole rats in a lab
were found to have it.
Still, there are a lot of mole rats
in the world and only two known
to have cancer.
And now the latest twist in the
can-you-believe-what-naked-
mole-rats-do story is that the
animals can survive for 18 min-
utes with no oxygen. None.
They can live for at least five
hours in an atmosphere that is
only 5 percent oxygen (the nor-
mal level is about 20 percent).
Mice last about a minute with no
The Executive Program in Healthcare Management
MASTER OF HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (MHA)
MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (MPH)
“I serve a unique community,
and the EXEC program has
given me the management
skills to have a greater impact
on the ground.”
Kyunghee Choi
Vice President
Asian Health Services
Holy Name Medical Center
For more information or to RSVP visit
N D3
“Doctors are forced to throw in
everything they’ve got, because
they know the woman can be
dead in an hour,” he added.
Emergency hysterectomies
save some lives, but the women
will never bear another child. It is
“logical to infer” that such opera-
tions would also be reduced if
tranexamic acid becomes widely
available in delivery rooms, Dr.
Roberts said.
The drug was invented in Ja-
pan by a husband-wife research
team, Shosuke and Utako
Okamoto. They hoped it would be
used to prevent birth hemor-
rhages, but local obstetricians
declined to organize a clinical
trial.
Ultimately, they turned the
patent over to a Japanese phar-
maceutical company, which sold it
as treatment for heavy menstrual
periods and as an ingredient in
skin-whitening creams. Some oral
surgeons used it when doing
dental work on hemophiliacs, Dr.
Roberts said.
Suspecting that tranexamic
acid could also stop major bleed-
ing like that caused by car
crashes or bullet wounds, he
eventually received British gov-
ernment funding to do a trial in
20,000 emergency-room patients
in 40 countries.
The results, published in the
Lancet in 2010, showed that the
drug lowered hemorrhage death
rates by 30 percent.
The British military was so
impressed that it started stocking
tranexamic acid in surgical units
in Iraq, and American military
surgeons followed suit. The
W.H.O. added it to a list of essen-
tial drugs that all hospitals should
have on hand.
LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE
AND TROPICAL MEDICINE
oxygen and about 15 minutes in 5
percent oxygen.
Mole rat bodies switch from
using glucose as a fuel to fructose,
which doesn’t require oxygen at
all. They don’t keep running at
the same speed: They fall into a
kind of suspended animation,
with a much lower heart rate and
breathing. But they keep going.
Other mammals, like people
and mice, can metabolize fructose
without oxygen, but only in a very
limited way.
Mole rats probably evolved this
ability because the tunnels they
live in can be low in oxygen. In
fact, when they all gather togeth-
er to sleep, the ones in the center
may run short on oxygen. It’s
harder for them to wake up. But
they do. Watch the video at
nytimes.com/sciencetake.
JAMES GORMAN
EARN YOUR MHA
OR MPH DEGREE
WITHOUT
INTERRUPTING
YOUR CAREER
A two-year Executive
Program scheduled
one weekend a month
INFORMATION
SESSION
Monday, May 15
at 6 pm
Columbia Club of New York
15 West 43rd Street
(between 5th and 6th Ave)
mailman.columbia.edu/exec
D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
In Brief N I CHO L A S B A K A L A R
E AT
Diet Soda Tied to Stroke
A new study links diet
soft drinks to an in-
creased risk for stroke
and dementia.
Researchers studied more than
4,000 people over 45 who had
filled out food-frequency question-
naires and had periodic health
examinations between 1991 and
2001. The scientists tracked their
health over the next 10 years and
found 97 cases of stroke and 81
cases of dementia.
The study, in the journal Stroke,
found that compared with those
who did not drink diet soda, peo-
ple who drank one to six artifi-
cially sweetened drinks a week
had twice the risk of stroke. There
were similar, although weaker,
associations for dementia risk.
HEART
Beer and Arrhythmias
The Munich Oktober-
fest might seem an
unlikely locale for a
medical research
project, but German scientists
studied festivalgoers and found
that moderate social drinking
may lead to arrhythmias — irreg-
ular heart rhythms — in other-
wise healthy people.
Using a hand-held breathalyzer,
the researchers tested 3,028 men
and women who had been drink-
ing but were not legally impaired.
They gave them EKGs to test
heart function.
More than a quarter of the
group had a condition called sinus
tachycardia, marked by a resting
heart rate of more than 100 beats
per minute. About 1 to 2 percent of
the general population have re-
peated episodes of tachycardia,
which in some cases can pose
risks.
They also found slightly in-
MI N D
Diabetes May Harm the Brain
Diabetes may be bad
for the brain, espe-
cially if you are over-
weight.
Researchers studied 50 over-
weight and 50 normal weight
people in the early stages of Type
2 diabetes. All had been given a
diagnosis within the previous five
years. They compared both
groups with 50 healthy control
subjects.
The scientists performed M.R.I.
examinations of their brains and
psychological tests of memory,
reaction time and planning. Those
with diabetes scored worse than
the healthy controls on tests of
memory and reaction times.
M.R.I. scans revealed signifi-
cant differences in brain areas
related to memory, planning and
the visual processing of informa-
6JTKHV[IGPGPGV
5QOG +PFKCP FQEVQTU CTG
CYCTG QH VJG ƻVJTKHV[Ƽ
IGPG+VQEEWTUVJTQWIJQWV
VJGYQTNF+VKUCFKHHGTGPV
OGVJQF QH RTQEGUUKPI
UWICT /QUV FQEVQTU CTG
OKUVTGCVKPI RGQRNG YKVJ
O[ IGPG /[ UKVG KU O[
CVVGORVVQVGNNFQEVQTUJQY
VQ FGVGEV VJG IGPG CPF
JQY KV YQTMU *QRGHWNN[
VJG VTGCVOGPVU WUGF QP
ƻVJTKHV[Ƽ IGPG RGQRNG
YKNN DGEQOG FKHHGTGPV
VJCP VJG QPGU PQY WUGF
The reasons for the link remain
unknown.
The study adjusted for age, sex,
education, physical activity, diabe-
tes, smoking and many other
characteristics that might affect
the risks. But the senior author,
Dr. Sudha Seshadri, a professor of
neurology at Boston University
School of Medicine, said that
there were additional variables
the study could not address. For
example, she said, people might
have switched to diet soda be-
cause they already had cardiovas-
cular problems.
Still, she added, there are
health benefits associated with
some drinks, like tea or coffee,
“but not with soda of any kind,
either diet or not.”
creased, but not statistically
significant, levels of other kinds of
irregular heartbeats, including
the heart palpitations of atrial
fibrillation, a potentially serious
condition. The arrhythmias in-
creased with higher breath alco-
hol levels.
The study, in the European
Heart Journal, controlled for age,
sex, smoking, medication use and
a history of heart disease.
The lead author, Dr. Moritz F.
Sinner, an assistant professor of
cardiology at University Hospital
Munich, said that in most people,
elevated heart rates would be
expected to subside as alcohol
concentrations went down. He
suspects “that people susceptible
to developing arrhythmias be-
cause of some undiagnosed condi-
tion might develop an arrhythmia
under the stress of alcohol,” and
that some could end up requiring
treatment.
tion. Compared with the controls,
those with Type 2 diabetes had
more severe thinning of the cor-
tex and more white matter abnor-
malities. Overweight people with
diabetes had more brain deterio-
ration than diabetic people of
normal weight.
Are these changes reversible?
Probably not, according to a
co-author, Dr. Donald C. Simonson
of Brigham and Women’s Hospital
in Boston.
“When structural changes are
seen on an M.R.I. scan, the pro-
cesses leading up to them have
probably been going on for
years,” he said. “On the positive
side, patients who maintain good
control of their diabetes do seem
to have a slower rate of deteriora-
tion.” The findings were published
in Diabetologia.
Well
Finding Their Voices
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
voice therapy is how to create a higher pitch
and oral resonance without straining, so
their new voices are sustainable. “We’re
asking them to do an Olympic athletic feat,”
said Heather Krug, who has worked with
transgender clients for four years at the
University of Wisconsin — Madison. “If
they are going to get pitch into a feminine
range, they need to have nicely conditioned
vocal cords so they don’t get injuries.”
Feminizing a voice, however, involves far
more than just achieving a consistently
higher pitch. Perhaps the most critical, ex-
perts say, is a quality called “forward reso-
nance,” in which a speaker feels vibrations
closer to the front of the vocal tract, toward
the nose and lips.
Research has shown that “a higher pitch
and more forward oral resonance corre-
sponds to a voice consistently perceived as
female,” said Adrienne B. Hancock, an asso-
ciate professor of speech, language and
hearing sciences at George Washington
University.
Unlike pitch, which can be readily
measured using phone apps, such as Pitch
Perfect, resonance can’t be objectively pin-
pointed. “You need a human ear,” and the
speaker has to learn to feel the difference,
Dr. Hancock said.
While do-it-yourself YouTube videos by
transgender women are available, sessions
with a voice specialist can improve forward
resonance and soften an elevated pitch, so
someone doesn’t sound like Minnie Mouse,
Dr. Hancock said.
Another voice quality to consider is into-
nation. While men tend to speak in a mono-
tone fashion, women generally have more
highs and lows, something Ms. Marat mas-
tered during about a year of group and one-
on-one lessons and practice at N.Y.U.
Her fundamental pitch is consistently el-
evated in the feminine range at about 185
hertz, up from 147 hertz. Still, if Ms. Marat
speaks for too long, she gets out of breath,
and she feels she speaks too softly.
On Tuesdays, Ms. Marat works with Sam
Jaffe, a graduate student at N.Y.U., to get
her vocal cords into better shape so she can
raise her pitch and volume to where she
wants it without becoming breathless.
“Voice modification therapy is kind of anal-
ogous to going to the gym for your voice,”
Mr. Jaffe explained.
But while therapists help clients gain
technical skill, it’s up to each patient to
“own” his or her new voice and figure out
what sounds right, said Leah Helou, the di-
rector of the transgender voice program at
the University of Pittsburgh Medical Cen-
ter.
“It’s not my job to make someone into an
THE CHECKUP
An Antidote to Math Anxiety
Parents can help by regularly
talking to young children
about numbers in daily life.
MY MOTHER was what we would now call
math anxious, if not phobic. My daughter,
on the other hand, was a math major, which
always left me feeling like the transitional
generation, capable of mastering
standardized-test math problems and sur-
viving college calculus (it’s one of the pre-
med requirements) but never really con-
necting to the subject’s beauty or power.
So when I hear people talk about lack of
self-confidence when it comes to numbers
or intense math anxiety, I always think first
of my mother, a college English professor
who was terrified by the idea of calculating
a 10 percent tip, and desperately grateful to
leave it to any grandchild at the fourth
grade level or beyond. (Little did my De-
pression-era mother know that I had taught
her grandchildren to jack up the tips to 15
percent; it would never have occurred to
her that anyone would willingly undergo
both a slightly more difficult arithmetic
problem and a slightly higher cost.)
New research shows that math anxiety is
by no means an American problem, and is
found in countries where students regularly
outperform us in math skills. In a study pub-
lished in February, researchers from the
University of Chicago looked at data from
64 countries participating in the Program
for International Student Assessment,
which tests 15-year-olds in math, science
and reading skills.
“Math anxiety is prevalent all around the
world,” said Julianne Herts, a study author
and a doctoral student at the University of
Chicago who works in cognitive psychology.
“If you look within Japan, students in Japan
who are math anxious aren’t scoring as well
Sophie Marat, a transgender woman, blows bubbles as a voice exercise.
image of a lady as I see fit,” Dr. Helou said.
“The danger when they come to me is they
think, ‘She’s going to tell me what I need to
do to pass.’”
Speech and language therapists have
been working with transgender clients as
far back as the ’70s, but it wasn’t until 2006
that the first textbook was published. In the
past decade, the number of speech
pathologists and voice clinicians learning to
work with transgender clients has grown
exponentially.
This April, Ms. Hirsch, Dr. Helou and
Christie Block, a speech language patholo-
gist in Manhattan, joined forces to expand a
two-day training program for voice thera-
pists interested in transgender work. The
weekend workshop has grown from 25
voice therapists in 2007 to roughly 85, Ms.
Hirsch said.
A Facebook group for speech language
therapists and other professionals to dis-
cuss transgender care now has about 100
clinicians in the referral database from the
United States and about 50 more from
abroad, according to Dr. Helou, one of the
moderators.
Speech language pathologists are also
seeing a growing number of transgender
people in their 20s and 30s, and even
adolescents.
In 2012, when Cynthia Simonetti, a speech
language pathologist, became an instructor
at the University of New Mexico, most pa-
tients were older, many on the verge of re-
PERRI KLASS, M.D.
GETTY IMAGES
at math,” she said. “If you look between
countries, countries where more students
experience math anxiety tend to underper-
form.”
So does being “bad at math,” whatever
that is, make you anxious, or does being
anxious make you bad at math?
“There’s increasing reason to believe it’s
a bidirectional relation,” said Alana Foley, a
postdoctoral fellow at the University of Chi-
cago in developmental psychology, who
was the first author of the study. “Poor per-
formance in math can lead to math anxiety,
but there are also studies that point in the
other direction; if you have math anxiety it
disrupts your concentration.”
Even students who score high on math
tests can feel a special worry around this
subject, Dr. Foley said. Among high-per-
forming students, she said, “math anxiety
takes a bigger bite out of their perform-
ance.”
Other researchers involved in the study
traced math anxiety into early childhood.
Sian Beilock, a professor of psychology at
the University of Chicago and the author of
the book “Choke,” about performance and
pressure, said that math anxiety “often-
times relates most strongly to the perform-
ance of those kids who want to do well, who
tend to be high achieving in school.”
A couple of years ago, Dr. Beilock and her
colleagues published an article showing
that parental math anxiety could be trans-
mitted to children.
There has been some overlap
demonstrated between math anxiety and
other more general types of anxiety, espe-
cially related to test-taking, but math anxi-
ety seems to exist as a separate phenom-
enon; studies have shown increased heart
rates when people were tested on math, but
not on other subjects.
One problem is that we tend to believe
with math that you either have the ability or
CAITLIN OCHS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
tirement from their jobs. “They were at a
point in their lives where they just felt they
needed to be true to themselves,” she said.
But now, she’s as apt to see new college
graduates.
Since 2015, Northwestern University and
the Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospi-
tal of Chicago have held a coed voice train-
ing session exclusively for transgender
adolescents and young adults.
Posters advertising the group on campus
proclaim, “Be heard for who you are!” The
age cutoff is 24, and so far, the youngest par-
ticipant was 12, said Nathan Waller, a group
supervisor and a clinical instructor in
Northwestern’s department of communica-
tion sciences and disorders.
Voice modification can take six to 12
months or longer, with home practice re-
quired to achieve the stamina needed for
sustaining a new voice throughout a tête-à-
tête conversation or a work presentation.
Darlene Monda, the clinic supervisor
who started the N.Y.U. group three years
ago, said some participants haven’t told
their friends they’re transgender yet or
started the process of physical transition.
But “they want to start working on their
voice, so when the time comes, they are
ready to transition and have this piece un-
derway,” she said.
Others are already out, she said, and they
“don’t want to present visually female, open
their mouths, and have people staring at
them, like ‘You’re not really a woman.’”
you don’t, rather than assuming that your
skills and abilities are the result of study
and practice. “It’s an interesting phenom-
enon in our culture to hear highly intelligent
people bragging about not being good at
math, not being numbers people,” Dr.
Beilock said.
Dr. Susan Levine, chairwoman of the de-
partment of psychology at the University of
Chicago, agreed: “An educated person
doesn’t go around saying, I’m not a reading
person.”
Researchers believe that the skills — and
the anxiety — are actually shaped even be-
fore children start formally learning math.
Math skills at kindergarten entry, Dr.
Levine said, predict not only later math
achievement but also other important
skills, including reading.
So what are those crucial math skills in
early childhood? Dr. Levine said that al-
though many preschool children know how
to count, they don’t necessarily understand
the meaning of the number words. By the
time children are around 2, “They can recite
the count list up to maybe 10,” she said, but
“they don’t understand that the last number
you reach is the set size; they don’t connect
the counting” to the total. With children
from 2½ to 4, “parents are often shocked
when we bring kids into the lab,” she said.
“They know the kids can count, but when
we ask them to give me two of something
they just grab a bunch of things.”
By kindergarten, children have addi-
tional skills; for example, they can under-
stand that you can make five by holding up
three fingers on one hand and two on the
other, or four and one. Dr. Levine said they
also can demonstrate what is known as flex-
ible counting — that is, they can start from
four or five, without going all the way back
to one, or count backward.
“Parents embrace as part of their respon-
sibility to get kids ready to read in school to
introduce them to the alphabet and letter
sounds,” Dr. Levine said. “They’re much
more likely to think it’s the school’s job to
teach math.”
In a 2015 study, parents used a program
called “Bedtime Math,” a mobile app that
presented short numerical story problems
to their children; the children’s math skills
improved relative to children in a control
group, Dr. Beilock said, but the improve-
ment was strongest in children whose par-
ents had math anxiety.
Working with the app might help dispel
the myth that there are math people and
non-math people, said Dr. Levine, and make
parents less anxious and more willing to in-
troduce math talk into their daily lives (let’s
put five raisins in each cookie; let’s set the
table, how many forks do we need?).
“Think of math as something that’s the
purview of the home, not just the school,”
Dr. Beilock said.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017 N D5

Well
PERSONAL HEALTH JANE E. BRODY

When Patients Hit a Medical Wall

With no other choice, some
step outside the realm of
established medicine.
WHAT IF YOU or your child had a chronic ill-
ness that seriously limited or threatened
life, and modern medicine had no effective
or acceptable treatments to offer you?
Imagine you were plagued by severe food
allergies, rheumatoid arthritis, attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder or intractable
epilepsy. Would you be willing or desperate
or brave enough to step outside the realm of
established medicine and seek help from an
unconventional therapist — even someone
with no medical or scientific training?
What if you heard about others in a simi-
lar situation who had tried a purported rem-
edy that appeared to work, or the method
seemed to make biological sense?
In her new book, “The Other Side of Im-
possible,” Susannah Meadows, a Brooklyn-
based former senior writer for Newsweek,
has compiled compelling stories about peo-
ple who faced and ultimately surmounted
daunting medical challenges. The book fo-
cuses on several families, including her
own, who felt they had no choice but to wade
into the world of unproven therapies.
The families’ ventures into a realm that
some would call quackery were typically in-
spired by love, desperation and hope, and
were fueled by irrepressible grit and deter-
mination to find solutions to debilitating
health problems that defied the best that
conventional medicine could offer.
Their stories left me in awe of their per-
sistence against formidable odds. As one
mother replied when asked how she perse-
vered through a five-year search for a way
to control her daughter’s relentless
seizures: “You can’t not try. She’s not better
yet.”
In her analysis of the disparate yet relat-
ed cases, Ms. Meadows highlights at least
three important influences on well-being
that have yet to receive their just due in un-
derstanding what might cause or aggravate
certain intractable medical disorders.
One is a characteristic called “leaky gut,”
essentially tiny holes in the intestinal walls
that allow proteins to reach the blood-
stream where they can trigger a vicious im-
mune attack on healthy tissues.
Another is an imbalance of microbes in
the gut and how communication between
the brain and the gut can adversely affect
behavior and emotional stability. A third is
the still underappreciated interaction of
mind and body, especially the effect that
anxiety and fear can have on the body’s re-
sponse to otherwise harmless substances.
There is perhaps a fourth factor, Ms.
Meadows said in an interview, that seems to
foster perseverance in seeking recovery
from an incurable condition: “Early life ex-
periences in coping with adversity that may
inoculate people against hopelessness and
prompt them to believe that if they would
just keep trying they would succeed.”
Or as the son of one patient profiled in the
book put it: “Courage is knowing you’re
licked and doing it anyway.”
That patient was Dr. Terry Wahls, who
overcame a progressive form of multiple
sclerosis for which medicine had little to of-
fer.
Once confined to a reclining wheelchair
despite trying a range of conventional treat-
ments, Dr. Wahls researched, then adopted,
a diet that eliminated grains, dairy and sug-
ar but included 12 cups a day of berries and
vegetables supplemented with grass-fed
beef, organ meats and oily fish. She com-
bined this with neuromuscular electrical
stimulation and exercise.
“They had no reason
to think they could
succeed, but they just
wouldn’t give up.”
SUSANNAH MEADOWS
“THE OTHER SIDE OF
IMPOSSIBLE”
PAUL ROGERS
Within a year, Dr. Wahls had ditched her
motorized assists and started riding a bicy-
cle. Eight years later, she shows no signs of
her disease. Last summer, the National
Multiple Sclerosis Society, which has been
tracking research into diet and inflamma-
tion, committed more than $1 million to
study the effect of her diet on M.S.-related
fatigue.
Ms. Meadows summarized the overrid-
ing lesson derived from the people in her
book: “You have a choice to keep going
when others say you can’t. They had no rea-
son to think they could succeed, but they
just wouldn’t give up.”
Ms. Meadows said this was not some-
thing she understood when her son Shep-
herd was given a diagnosis at age 3 of pol-
yarticular juvenile arthritis, a crippling con-
dition affecting multiple joints.
She and her husband were told he was un-
likely to outgrow it. Facing a choice of doing
nothing or treating him with a potent drug
that “made him feel bad and did little for his
arthritis,” she learned about a child with the
same condition who was helped by avoiding
gluten and dairy products and taking fish
oil, probiotics and a Chinese herb.
“With nothing to lose — if it helped one
child, maybe it will help ours,” Ms.
Meadows said. “In terms of hope, an exam-
ple of one is very important.” And as she re-
ported four years ago in an article in The
New York Times Magazine, Shepherd got
better.
Eventually, with the help of a self-styled
healer named Amy Thieringer, who empha-
sizes the need to calm fear and anxiety
when trying to counter food sensitivities,
Shepherd was gradually reintroduced to
gluten and dairy and “now eats everything
without any problems, no more painful, in-
flamed joints,” his mother said.
Although Amanda Hanson was warned
by her son Hayden’s allergy specialist that
attempting Ms. Thieringer’s treatment for
the boy, who had life-threatening allergies
to 28 different foods, would be playing Rus-
sian roulette with his life, she felt she had no
choice but to try.
Inspired by the testimony of other moth-
ers facing a similar problem, and knowing
that doctors had no solution for Hayden’s al-
lergies, Ms. Hanson bought into the
Thieringer program known as allergy re-
lease technique.
Borrowing ideas from cognitive behav-
ioral therapy, Ms. Thieringer first worked to
ratchet down Hayden’s fear of certain foods
before introducing them in tiny increments
until he could consume them in normal
amounts without a reaction.
Now 16, Hayden has had no bad reaction
to any food since completing the program
six years ago.
As a careful journalist, Ms. Meadows
make no claims for cures. Her book is not
prescriptive, though it describes the sci-
ence that might explain the unlikely recov-
eries she has written about.
“I’m a journalist reporting on the fact that
there is a whole community of people who
are looking for, and in some cases finding,
answers to health problems on their own.”
There is another important message in
this book worth mentioning, and that is the
enormous obstacles to producing ironclad
evidence for the kinds of approaches that
brought relief to the people Ms. Meadows
interviewed.
The treatments often involved a combi-
nation of interventions and few, if any, prof-
it-making products. Thus, no company is
likely to pay for the needed studies, which
would also probably be too costly and com-
plicated for government agencies to under-
write.

The Race to Sniff Out Disease

to be a “big motivator.”
Owlstone has raised $23.5 million to put
its odor analysis technology into the hands
of clinicians. Moreover, Britain’s National
Health Service is funding a 3,000-subject
clinical trial to test Owlstone’s sensor to di-
agnose lung cancer.
The sensor is a silicon chip stacked with
various metal layers and tiny gold elec-
trodes. While it looks like your mobile
phone’s SIM card, it works like a chemical
filter.
The molecules in an odor sample are first
ionized — given a charge — and then an
electric current is used to move only chemi-
cals of diagnostic interest through the chan-
nels etched in the chip, where they can be
detected.
“You can program what you want to sniff
out just by changing the software,” Mr.
Boyle said. “We can use the device for our
own trials on colorectal cancer, but it can
also be used by our partners to look for
other things, like irritable bowel disease.”
The company also is conducting a 1,400-
subject trial, in collaboration with the Uni-
versity of Warwick, to detect colon cancer
from urine samples, and is exploring
whether its chips can help determine the
best drugs for asthma patients by sorting
through molecules in their breath.
A similar diagnostic technology is being
VIKTOR KOEN developed by an Israeli chemical engineer,
Hossam Haick, who was also touched by
cific molecules that suggest disease, how-
ever, Mr. Haick’s machine sniffs out the
overall chemical stew that makes up an
odor.
It’s analogous to smelling an orange:
Your brain doesn’t distinguish among the
chemicals that make up that odor. Instead,
you smell the totality, and your brain recog-
nizes all of it as an orange.
Mr. Haick and his colleagues published a
paper in ACS Nano last December showing
that his artificially intelligent nanoarray
could distinguish among 17 different dis-
eases with up to 86 percent accuracy.
There were a total of 1,404 participants in
the trial, but the sample sizes for each dis-
ease were quite small. And the machine was
better at distinguishing among some dis-
eases than others.
In the United States, a team of re-
searchers from the Monell Chemical Senses
Center and the University of Pennsylvania
received an $815,000 grant in February
from the Kleburg Foundation to advance
work on a prototype odor sensor that de-
tects ovarian cancer in samples of blood
plasma.
The team chose plasma because it is
somewhat less likely than breath or urine to
be corrupted by confounding factors like
diet or environmental chemicals, including
cleaning products or pollution.
Instead of ligands, their sensors rely on
snippets of single-strand DNA to do the

“I realized early Researchers are developing
diagnosis could be new medical tools that rely on
as important as scent to make a diagnosis.
treatment itself.”
HOSSAM HAICK By KATE MURPHY
TECHNION Blindfolded, would you know the smell of
your mom, a lover or a co-worker? Not the
smells of their colognes or perfumes, not of
the laundry detergents they use — the
smells of them?
Each of us has a unique “odorprint” made
up of thousands of organic compounds.
These molecules offer a whiff of who we are,
revealing age, genetics, lifestyle, hometown
— even metabolic processes that underlie
our health.
Ancient Greek and Chinese medical prac-
titioners used a patient’s scent to make di-
agnoses. Modern medical research, too,
confirms that the smell of someone’s skin,
breath and bodily fluids can be suggestive
of illness. The breath of diabetics some-
times smells of rotten apples, experts re-
port; the skin of typhoid patients, like bak-
ing bread.
But not every physician’s nose is a preci-
sion instrument, and dogs, while adept at
sniffing out cancer, get distracted. So re-
searchers have been trying for decades to
figure out how to build an inexpensive odor
sensor for quick, reliable and noninvasive
diagnoses.
The field finally seems on the cusp of suc-
ceeding.
“You’re seeing a convergence of technol-
ogy now, so we can actually run large-scale
clinical studies to get the data to prove odor
analysis has real utility,” said Billy Boyle,
co-founder and president of operations at
Owlstone, a manufacturer of chemical sen-
sors in Cambridge, England.
Mr. Boyle, an electronics engineer,
formed the company with two friends in
2004 to develop sensors to detect chemical
weapons and explosives for customers, in-
cluding the United States government. But
when Mr. Boyle’s girlfriend and eventual
wife, Kate Gross, was diagnosed with colon
cancer in 2012, his focus shifted to medical
sensors, with an emphasis on cancer detec-
tion.
Ms. Gross died at the end of 2014. That she
might still be alive if her cancer had been
detected earlier, Mr. Boyle said, continues
cancer.
“My college roommate had leukemia, and
it made me want to see whether a sensor
could be used for treatment,” said Mr.
Haick, a professor at Technion-Israel Insti-
tute of Technology in Haifa. “But then I real-
ized early diagnosis could be as important
as treatment itself.”
His smelling machine uses an array of
sensors composed of gold nanoparticles or
carbon nanotubes. They are coated with li-
gands, molecular receptors that have a high
affinity for certain biomarkers of disease
found in exhaled breath.
Once these biomarkers latch onto the li-
gands, the nanoparticles and nanotubes
swell or shrink, changing how long it takes
for an electrical charge to pass between
them. This gain or loss in conductivity is
translated into a diagnosis.
“We send all the signals to a computer,
and it will translate the odor into a signature
that connects it to the disease we exposed to
it,” Mr. Haick said.
With artificial intelligence, he said, the
machine becomes better at diagnosing with
each exposure. Rather than detecting spe-
work of latching onto odor particles.
“We are trying to make the device work
the way we understand mammalian olfac-
tion works,” said Charlie Johnson, director
of the Nano/Bio Interface Center at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, who is leading the
fabrication effort. “DNA gives unique char-
acteristics for this process.”
In addition to these groups, teams in Aus-
tria, Switzerland and Japan also are devel-
oping odor sensors to diagnose disease.
“I think the fact that you’re seeing so
much activity both in commercial and aca-
demic settings shows that we’re getting a
lot closer,” said Cristina Davis, a biomedical
engineer and professor at the University of
California, Davis, who also is helping to de-
velop an odor sensor to diagnose disease.
“My estimate is it’s a three- to five-year
time frame” before such tools are available
to clinicians, she added.
The researchers may be competing in-
tensely, but all see possibilities for saving
lives.
“There’s a lot of good work going on out
there,” Mr. Johnson said. “It will be interest-
ing to see who comes out on top.”
D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 2017
Double Jeopardy in Twin Births
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
perts suggested that the Zika virus may
have penetrated one placenta and not the
other.
Perhaps the virus entered through a
weak spot in one placenta’s membrane, said
Dr. Ernesto Marques, an infectious disease
expert at the University of Pittsburgh and
the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Recife,
Brazil. Or if one fetus “kicked the placenta,”
he said, inflammation from that bruise on
the membrane could become a portal.
But one set of twins has broken the pat-
tern. Those twins are fraternal and had sep-
arate placentas — but both have microceph-
aly and other Zika complications. “The boy
is more affected than the girl, but both are
severe,” Dr. Zatz said.
That case complicates the theory. Dr.
Vanessa van der Linden, who helped dis-
cover that Zika causes microcephaly and
has treated some of the twins, said one ex-
planation might be that in some fraternal
cases Zika crossed both placentas, but the
twins had genetic differences that influ-
enced why only one became infected or
“why the babies reacted differently to the
virus.”
Dr. Marques suggested another possibil-
ity: that an impaired twin was exposed to
Zika before the mother’s body or the pla-
centa developed immune responses against
the virus and that the second fetus was in-
fected slightly later.
“It should reach both at an equal time,” he
said. “However, if the virus hit one of the ba-
bies before the mother actually had devel-
oped protective immune responses, you
have a problem.”
Dr. Zatz’s lab has drawn blood from af-
fected and unaffected twins, and is growing
brain cells from their stem cells. She is test-
ing to see which of those cells are suscepti-
ble to Zika infection. That could show
whether some twins have genetic predispo-
sitions that make Zika infection more likely.
Ultimately, Dr. Zatz expects to find an inter-
play of factors that can vary in each twin
pregnancy. “I believe,” she said, “the expla-
nation will be complex.”
For now, why João Lucas is devastated by
the virus and his sister is not remains a
mystery.
When João Lucas and his twin sister were
born in August 2015, their mother, Neide
Maria Ferreira da Silva, was unaware he
had microcephaly or brain damage, she
said. He was born first and was temporarily
placed in an oxygen chamber because of
breathing problems. And the maternity
hospital’s “deformation doctor,” a physician
specializing in newborns with deficiencies,
recommended he see a geneticist. But Ms.
da Silva thought any problems would be
Hunting Mushrooms (Glowing or Not)
Many species glow in the dark,
and scientists are just
beginning to figure out why.
By JOANNA KLEIN
PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST, N.C. — Here’s
what I was told: Get away from the city, go
during a new moon and keep my flashlight
off. When the sky faded black enough to
spot stars twinkling, I’d be able to see mush-
rooms glowing.
There are about 100,000 species of fungi,
but only about 80 of them bioluminesce, or
glow in the dark. They pop up in tropical and
temperate forests in the Americas, Japan,
Southeast Asia, Australia and South Africa.
They emit green light, a result of nearly
the same chemical reaction that illuminates
the belly of a firefly or the skin of a squid,
only the resulting light is constant in the
mushroom, not on-demand or reactive as in
some insects or marine animals. The mole-
cules responsible for the colors are different
too. And in a study published last week in
Science Advances, researchers have finally
revealed what’s going on inside these flam-
boyant fungi — at a molecular scale.
With mushroom season approaching,
you can see them glowing, too, and you
don’t even need to leave the country. But
you’ll need to practice patience and prepare
for disappointment when heading out on
the hunt. In a boggy forest near Asheville,
N.C., I once spent a night two summers ago
tracking down three species of glowing
mushrooms. Lost in the dark with a dying
phone and a forager known locally as the
Mushroom Man, I learned that mushrooms
are unpredictable.
“You can’t always get what you want,
when you want it,” said Alan Muskat, who
leads quirky foraging tours with his com-
pany, No Taste Like Home, near Asheville.
“This isn’t like a convenience store.”
I learned a few other lessons as well.
Get to Know Your Target
In all bioluminescent organisms, a small
molecule called luciferin interacts with oxy-
gen and a bigger protein called luciferase,
creating chemical energy that is eventually
released in the form of cold light. Every or-
ganism has its own version of luciferin and
luciferase, with individual properties that
could prove useful.
For example, one group has unsuccess-
fully tried to make glowing plants by splic-
ing in genes from bioluminescent bacteria.
But the chemicals involved in fungal biolu-
minescence may be more compatible with
plants.
“Maybe it will be as difficult as people
traveling to Mars or other galaxies, but
maybe we will use it,” said Zinaida Kaskova,
a chemist at Pirogov Russian National Re-
search Medical University in Moscow who
led the study of bioluminescent mushroom
molecules.
Unlike other bioluminescent organisms,
fungi emit a constant light, possibly to at-
mild, she said.
She had already given birth to 10 children,
starting when she was 17. It took a month
before she brought João Lucas to the ge-
neticist, who said “his brain, it wasn’t like
ours,” Ms. da Silva, 42, recalled. “It was go-
ing to be always very small.”
She was shocked. “I didn’t feel sad or up-
set,” she said. “I thought about how it was
going to be when he grows up” and realized
“I will have to take care of him more than
the other kids.”
But his symptoms began overwhelming
her. “He would fall asleep, and five minutes
later he would start screaming,” she said.
Ms. da Silva was especially alarmed by
João Lucas’s seizures, which made him “get
purple” and look “like his eyes were going to
jump out.”
Sometimes he became so agitated, he
would scratch himself in the face, Ms. da
Silva said. “Blood would come out.”
Unable to cope with his care, Ms. da Silva
started bringing him to a neighbor’s cousin,
who began caring for him. The caregiver,
Valéria Gomes Ribeiro, 46, brought the
baby to his first appointment with a neu-
rologist. The doctor prescribed clon-
azepam, an anti-anxiety drug, to calm him,
but Ms. Ferreira still found that when João
Lucas was home, something often went
wrong. He developed pneumonia and eat-
ing problems, even what she called “an
emotional fever” because he seemed to
miss Ms. Ribeiro, Ms. da Silva said.
Ms. da Silva’s 11-year-old daughter be-
came pregnant and had an abortion,
prompting a child protection agency visit.
After Ms. da Silva told the caseworker that
a friend was caring for her Zika baby, the
agency investigated and initiated proceed-
tract spore-transporting insects, that dims
and intensifies according to a circadian
clock that still isn’t quite understood.
Something Exotic in the Backyard
On the Japanese island Hachijo-jima, tiny,
common mushrooms — known locally as
hato-no-hi, or pigeon fire — glow along for-
est paths during the rainy season from May
through September. And in the Atlantic for-
est of southern Brazil, Neonthopanus gard-
neri, or flor de coco, resembles a large, ra-
dioactive flower from another planet.
But among the thousands of fungi that
grow in the subsection of the southern Ap-
palachian Mountains I was exploring, there
are a few glowers. The large, orange fruit-
ing bodies of Omphalotus olearius, or jack-
o’-lantern, appear in great numbers around
June through September.
Clockwise from top: a bioluminescent
jack-o’-lantern mushroom; Alan Muskat in his
mushroom hunting outfit; bitter oyster
mushrooms; more jack-o-lantern mushrooms.
Then there’s Panellus stipticus, or bitter
oyster, a summer mushroom that looks like
a tiny, tan fan growing on sticks. You can
also find Armillaria mellea, a sometimes-
parasitic fungus also known as honey
mushroom that appears in the fall and
makes wood look as if it’s glowing.
But first, you have to find them.
Some Help Won’t Hurt
Don’t go into the woods alone at night. Find
a guide in a local mushroom hunting group.
A good place to start is the North American
Mycological Association, an organization of
professional and amateur mycologists.
My guide, Mr. Muskat, is not a profes-
sional mycologist, but he has decades of ex-
perience — enough to write a book. His
weird sense of humor and Tao-like wisdom
made a dragging hunt less taxing. A week
before we met, he enlisted “informants”
who provided leads on where to find our
three mushrooms. These included photos
ings to remove João Lucas from her home.
To keep him from being placed in a shelter,
both women and the state agreed that João
Lucas would live with Ms. Ribeiro, while
Ana Vitória stayed with Ms. da Silva. Under
court order, João Lucas spends Sundays at
João Lucas, top in red, with his biological mother’s house.
his twin sister, Ana Vitória. Ms. Ribeiro, who has adorned João Lucas
Ms. Ribeiro, giving João with a bracelet and necklace hung with a
Lucas a massage, right, and
good-luck charm called a “figa,” tries to
at an appointment, above, is
keep up with his many appointments. They
the boy’s legal guardian.
include visits with a psychologist who
shows João Lucas a panel of black and
white squares to stimulate vision and rubs
him with a sponge studded with Popsicle
PHOTOGRAPHS BY MIKE BELLEME FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
and detailed descriptions of what trail they
were on, how far down it they would be
found and even the unique characteristics
and type of tree they were under.
But tips don’t always pan out. We spent
two hours wandering down a trail searching
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ADRIANA ZEHBRAUSKAS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“I believe the
explanation will be
complex.”
MAYANA ZATZ
UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO
sticks to stimulate touch.
On a visit last fall to Ms. Ribeiro’s emerald
green house on a dirt street, where the 23rd
psalm hangs on a yellow wall, Ana Vitória
toddled around, clutching a piece of spongy
cake with one hand, thumping a table with
the other. Reaching for her brother’s mouth,
she touched the green tape that therapists
apply around his lips, fingers, back and chin
to relax tight muscles. Ms. da Silva waved a
rattle before João Lucas, but he did not re-
spond.
So far, his sister — like the other fraternal
twins without obvious brain damage — ap-
pears unimpaired, but doctors are monitor-
ing her and the others. At Ana Vitória’s one-
year exam, she was slightly behind devel-
opmentally. Her vocabulary was limited
and she was slow to point to her mother
when the doctor asked, Ms. da Silva said.
That could be unrelated to Zika, but, she
noted, “The doctor never said it’s 100 per-
cent sure that she doesn’t have a problem.”
“This isn’t like a
convenience store.”
ALAN MUSKAT
NO TASTE LIKE HOME TOURS
for honey mushrooms, only to find after we
had turned back that the fungus was under
the tree we had passed at the trail head.
Beauty in the Rot
Foxfire is the emberlike glow that appears
when a honey mushroom’s rootlike fila-
ments infect and start killing a deciduous
tree, often an oak. To see whether the fun-
gus we had found would produce a glow, we
looked for the dark, stringy infestation
known as a rhizomorph, or shoestring rot,
because that’s what it looks like, and that’s
what it does to the wood.
Mr. Muskat found a rhizomorph at the
bottom of our tree, but the healthy-looking
wood and the dead-looking mushroom sug-
gested it wouldn’t glow. Still, he shouted
“lights out,” and we waited for even a faint
light. As we allowed our eyes to adapt to the
darkness — it should take around 20 min-
utes — we played a brain game called
minute mystery to pass the time.
Something Strange in the Dark
The honey mushroom we found never
produced any glowing wood, but while I sat
in the dark, I spotted tiny green dots: an un-
expected cluster of bitter oyster, one of the
other glowing species, lined up on a small
stick.
More bitter oyster appeared, as if out of
nowhere, in another spot where we were
disappointed yet again by decomposing
jack-o’-lantern mushrooms. The dead
mushrooms looked like burned pancakes
that were teeming with insects, emitting
only a dim, ghostly, pewter aura.
As a mushroom’s metabolism shuts down
in death, so does its ability to create light,
said Dr. Kaskova: “Fewer and fewer mole-
cules of luciferin are synthesized, so the
glowing becomes weaker and weaker.”
A Surprise in the Sunlight
After an unsatisfying evening, we went
looking for other mushrooms just for fun the
next day. Unexpectedly, we found hundreds
of jack-o’-lanterns in the daylight. This is
why you should always bring a basket. It
should be wood or natural fiber with a lat-
tice bottom so the mushrooms’ spores can
return to the forest floor.
To collect the mushrooms, bring a knife
and a brush. Unless you want your
’shrooms to turn into slime, bring wax pa-
per or a paper bag, never plastic.
At home, I placed my fresh jack-o’-
lanterns, gills up, in a cardboard box in the
corner of a windowless bathroom and
waited for my eyes to adjust. It didn’t take
long before I saw the little glowing gills.
They appeared to be breathing. Hello there,
my neon green friend. I’ve heard so much
about you.