1.
Exigence Impact test ASME IX :
QW 171.1 Général :
- L’essai de la ténacité devra être réalisé quand est exigé par le code de référence ;
- L’appareil et la procédure doivent être conforme au exigence du code de référence ;
- Quand le code de référence n’est pas spécifié, les exigences de la norme ASTM A 370
doivent être respecté pour l’appareil et la procédure ;
QW 171.2 Critère d’acceptation :
- Les critères d’acceptation sont conformément au exigence de code de référence
QW 290.5 Test coupon préparation et essai :
- Quand l’essai de ténacité est spécifié par le code de construction, ou la spécification
de design, le test coupon doit subir les tests de ténacité ;
- Les zones de test, la température de test et les critères d’acception doivent être
fourni par le code de construction.
2. Exigence Impact test ASME B31.3 2016:
323.1 Materials and Specifications
323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials. See Appendix F, para. F323.2.2
F323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits. Regarding materials considered for use at a lower exemption
temperature without impact testing using para. 323.2.2(d)(1), the simplified rules of para. 323.2.2 should
not be used for piping systems that are anticipated to experience shock loading or thermal bowing, or if they
contain welds between dissimilar materials, especially welds between austenitic and ferritic materials. More
rigorous means of testing or analysis should be used for such piping systems. For example, the additional
stress due to circumferential shear near a dissimilar weld due to differential thermal contraction and its effect on
the combined stress should be determined.
The modulus of elasticity for the condition under consideration should be used when evaluating the reactions.
Cold springing or misalignment can result in significant stresses in the ambient condition. The designer is
responsible for ensuring that such stresses are accounted for before any credit is taken for reduction in minimum
design temperature without impact testing.
323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials
(a) A listed material may be used at any temperature not lower than the minimum shown in Table A-1 or
able A-1M, provided that the base metal, weld deposits, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) are qualified as required
by the applicable entry in Column A of Table 323.2.2.
b) For carbon steels with a letter designation in the Min. Temp. column of Table A-1 or Table A-1M, the
minimum temperature is defined by the applicable curve and Notes in Fig. 323.2.2A. If a design minimum
temperature–thickness combination is on or above the curve, impact testing is not required.
(c) A listed material may be used at a temperature lower than the minimum shown in Table A-1,
Table A-1M, or Fig. 323.2.2A (including Notes), unless prohibited in Table 323.2.2, Table A-1, Table A-1M, or
elsewhere in the Code, and provided that the base metal, weld deposits, and HAZ are qualified as required by
the applicable entry in Column B of Table 323.2.2.
Table 323.2.2 exigence de ténacité des matériaux à basse température
Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals
Ces exigences de tenacité sont en addition avec les exigences de la spécification de matériau
These Toughness Test Requirements Are in Addition to Tests Required by the Material Specification
Matériau Colonne A Colonne B
x Minimum design température à ou supérieur à la température min Minimum design température inférieur
du tableau A-1 A-1M (voir asme b31.3 du 249 à 366 ) ou la figure la température min du tableau A-1 A-
323.2.2.A 1M (voir asme b31.3 du 249 à 366 ) ou la
figure 323.2.2.A
1 Gray iron A-1 No additional requirements A-1 No additional requirements
2.Malleable A-2 No additional requirements B-2 Materials designated in Box 2 shall not be used
and ductile
iron; carbon
steel in
accordance
with Note (1)
(a) Base Métal (b) Weld Metal and Heat Affected
Zone (HAZ) [Note (2)]
3 Other A-3 (a) No additional requirements
carbon
steels, low
and
intermediate
alloy steels,
high alloy
ferritic
steels,
duplex
stainless
steel
4 Austenitic
stainless
steel
5 Austenitic
ductile Iron
ASTM A
571
6
Aluminium,
copper,
nickel, and
their alloys;
unalloyed
titanium
Unlisted
Material
Note:
1- Carbon steels conforming to the following are subject to the limitations in box B-2: plates in accordance with ASTM A36, A283, and
A570; pipe in accordance with ASTM A134 when made from these plates; structural shapes in accordance with ASTM A992; and pipe
In accordance with ASTM A53 Type F and API 5L Gr. A25 butt weld.
2- Impact tests that meet the requirements of Table 323.3.1, which are performed as part of the weld procedure qualification, will satisfy
All requirements of para. 323.2.2, and need not be repeated for production welds.
3-For carbon steels, impact testing is not required if the design minimum temperature is at or above -104°C (-155°F), and the minimum
Temperature without impact testing is less than or equal to the design minimum temperature using the rules based on stress ratio
Defined in Fig. 323.2.2B
4-Impact tests are not required when the maximum obtainable Charpy specimen has a width along the notch of less than 2.5 mm (0.098 in.).
Under these conditions, and where the stress ratio defined in Fig. 323.2.2B exceeds 0.3, the design minimum temperature shall not be less
than the lower of -48°C (-55°F) or the minimum temperature for the material in Table A-1 or Table A-1M.
5-Impact tests are not required when the maximum obtainable Charpy specimen has a width along the notch of less than 2.5 mm
(0.098 in.).
6-For austenitic stainless steels, impact testing is not required if the design minimum temperature is greater than or equal to -104°C
(-155°F) and the stress ratio as defined in Fig. 323.2.2B does not exceed 0.3.
7. For austenitic stainless steels, impact testing is not required if the design minimum temperature is greater than or equal to -104°C
(-155°F) and the stress ratio as defined in Fig. 323.2.2B does not exceed 0.3.
Fig. 323.2.2A Minimum Temperatures without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials
(See Table A-1 or Table A-1M for Designated Curve for a Listed Material; see Table 323.2.2A for Tabular Values)
Note:
(1) Any carbon steel material may be used to a minimum temperature of -29°C (-20°F) for Category D Fluid Service.
(2) X Grades of API 5L, and ASTM A381 materials, may be used in accordance with Curve B if normalized or quenched and tempered.
(3) The following materials may be used in accordance with Curve D if normalized:
(a) ASTM A516 plate, all grades
(b) ASTM A671 pipe made from A516 plate, all grades
(c) ASTM A672 pipe made from A516 plate, all grades
(4) A welding procedure for the manufacture of pipe or components shall include impact testing of welds and HAZ for any design
minimum temperature below -29°C (-20°F), except as provided in Table 323.2.2, A-3(b).
(5) Impact testing in accordance with para. 323.3 is required for any design minimum temperature below -48°C (-55°F), except as
permitted by Note (3) in Table 323.2.2
(6) For blind flanges and blanks, T shall be 1/4 of the flange thickness.
323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
323.3.1 General. When impact testing is required by Table 323.2.2, provisions elsewhere in this Code, or
the engineering design, it shall be done in accordance with Table 323.3.1 using the testing methods and
acceptance criteria described in paras. 323.3.2 through 323.3.5.
323.3.2 Procedure. :
Impact testing of each product form of material for any specification (including welds in the components) shall be
done using procedures and apparatus in accordance with ASTM A370. For material forms that are represented by
the ASTM specifications listed below, impact tests shall be conducted in conformance with those requirements as
well. When conflicts exist between the specific requirements of this Code and the requirements of those
specifications, the requirements of this Code shall take precedence
323.3.3 Test Specimens.
Each set of impact test specimens shall consist of three specimen bars. All impact tests shall be made using
standard 10 mm (0.394 in.) square cross section Charpy V-notch specimen bars, except when the material shape
or thickness does not permit. Charpy impact tests may be performed on specimens of full material thickness,
which may be machined to remove surface irregularities. Alternatively, such material may be reduced in
thickness to produce the largest possible Charpy subsize specimen. See Table 323.3.4.
323.3.4 Test Températures.
For all Charpy impact tests, the test temperature criteria in para. 323.3.4(a) or (b) shall be observed. The test
specimens, as well as the handling tongs, shall be cooled for a sufficient length of time to reach the test
temperature.
a) For Materials of Thickness Equal to or Greater Than 10 mm (0.394 in.).
Where the largest attainable Charpy V-notch specimen has a width along the notch of at least 8 mm (0.315 in.), the
Charpy test using such a specimen Shall be conducted at a temperature not higher than the design minimum
temperature. Where the largest possible test specimen has a width along the notch less than 8 mm, the test shall
be conducted at a temperature lower than the design minimum temperature by the amount shown in Table
323.3.4 for that specimen width;
(b) For Materials With Thickness Less Than 10 mm (0.394 in.).
Where the largest attainable Charpy V-notch specimen has a width along the notch of at least 80% of the material
thickness, the Charpy test of such a specimen shall be conducted at a temperature not higher than the design
minimum temperature. Where the largest possible test specimen has a width along the notch of less than 80% of
the material thickness, the test shall be conducted at a temperature lower than the design minimum temperature
by an amount equal to the difference (referring to Table 323.3.4) between the temperature reduction
corresponding to the actual material thickness and the temperature reduction corresponding to the Charpy
specimen width actually tested.
323.3.5 Acceptance Criteria
(a) Minimum Energy Requirements.
Except for bolting materials, the applicable minimum energy requirement for carbon and low alloy steels with
specified minimum tensile strengths less than 656 MPa (95 ksi) shall be those shown in Table 323.3.5.
(b) Lateral Expansion Requirements.
Other carbon and low alloy steels having specified minimum tensile strengths equal to or greater than 656 MPa
(95 ksi), all bolting materials, and all high alloy steels (P-Nos. 6, 7, and 8) shall have a lateral expansion opposite
the notch of not less than 0.38 mm (0.015 in.) for all specimen sizes. The lateral expansion is the increase in width
of the broken impact specimen over that of the unbroken specimen measured on the compression side, parallel to
the line constituting the bottom of the V-notch (see ASTM A370).
(c) Weld Impact Test Requirements.
Where two base metals having different required impact energy values are joined by welding, the impact test
energy requirements shall conform to the requirements of the base material having a specified minimum tensile
strength most closely matching the specified minimum tensile strength of the weld metal.
d) Retests
(1) For Absorbed Energy Criteria.
When the average value of the three specimens equals or exceeds the minimum value permitted for a single
specimen and the value for more than one specimen is below the required average value, or when the value for
one specimen is below the minimum value permitted for a single specimen, a retest of three additional specimens
shall be made. The value for each of these retest specimens shall equal or exceed the required average value.
(2) For Lateral Expansion Criterion.
If the value of lateral expansion for one specimen in a group of three is below 0.38 mm (0.015 in.) but not below
0.25 mm (0.01 in.), and if the average value for three specimens equals or exceeds 0.38 mm (0.015 in.), a retest of
three additional specimens may be made, each of which must equal or exceed the specified minimum value of
0.38 mm (0.015 in.). In the case of heat treated materials, if the required values are not obtained in the retest or if
the values in the initial test are below the minimum allowed for retest, the material may be reheat treated and
retested. After reheat treatment, a set of three specimens shall be made. For acceptance, the lateral expansion of
each of the specimens must equal or exceed the specified minimum value of 0.38 mm (0.015 in.).
(3) For Erratic Test Results. When a defective specimen causes an erratic result or there is uncertainty
in the test procedure, a retest will be allowed.
