3.

1- Why Run
Production Logs?

M. Watfa
Why Production Logging ?

3-Phase Flow Profile

Some gas and oil entering at

each zone
Water entering below XX900
Bottom zone producing small
amounts of each phase
Middle perforation is major
source of water and
hydrocarbon
Top section influx is
hydrocarbon only

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa

Why Production Logging ?

PL Applications %?

 Evaluation of
Flowing Wells
 Production profile
distribution %?
 Zonal productivity &
Skin Factors
%?

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa

Why Production Logging ?

5300 Estimating Zone Pressure and

Productivity Index for each zone
5100
Reservoir
4900
1/PI Pressure
4700
y = -0.3631x + 4959.1
Pressure (psi)

4500

4300
y = -0.129x + 4639.5

C B A
4100
y = -0.673x + 5190.2
3900 Flow Rate (bl/d
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa

 Why Production Logging ?

Well Injectivity

Zone
injectivity
problem

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa

Why Production Logging ?

PL Applications

 Monitoring
 Changes in production
profile
 Changes in flowing fluids:
Water or Gas breakthrough

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa

Why Production Logging ?

Flow Profile C

 Well flowing at constant

B
choke:
 Zone Contribution
 Downhole reservoir data
 Absorption profile for injector wells
 identification of production A
problems

 Different flowing Choke:

spinner density
 Selective inflow performance Gas
OIL Temperature
survey Water
Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa
Why Production Logging ?

P1
PL Applications
 Diagnosis
P1 > P2
 Detection of inter-
zone cross-flow High permeability
depleted zone P2
P3 > P2

P3
Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa
Why Production Logging ?

Cross-Flow: detection

Spinner: Logging Down

C
 Well shut in
 X-flow between perforations
 This is caused by uneven depletion
 This created pressure difference B
between the three reservoirs
 and hence a (Reservoir pressure
difference)
 When well is closed, X-flow takes
place A

Which section has the Highest Permeability?

OIL spinner density

Temperature

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa

Why Production Logging ?

Major Spinner
Cross-Flow
Field
Example
Zubair Crossflow
 Large permeability (sandstone)
contrast 200–450 m

 Cross flows that reduce

reservoir recovery (6,000
Crossflow
bl/d)
 Quick remedial work
needed 9 Legend
on most wells (plugs, Sandstone
Oil
members
packers, liners, patches, Water
re-perforations)
Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa
Why Production Logging ?

Corroded
casing
Poor
PL Applications cementing
 Production
Enhancement
 Data for workover
planning:
 Repair the well
 Improve productivity
 Completion and
treatment effectiveness

Corroded casing allows fluids to

escape back into reservoir
Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa
Why Production Logging ?
Temperature Differential Temperature

Increasing Flow Rate Increasing Flow Rate

Infinite flow
Profile with Leak

Geothermal: zero flow

Temperature
Profiles
Without Leak
For two flow-rates

dT / dD
Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa
0 Increasing Temp. Slope
 Example: Casing Leak
Why Production Logging ? With a leak zone above the perforations,
the fluid leak produces an anomalous
drop in temperature.
The Temperature Log
dT/dD

Profile of
Shale no-leak flow
Profile of
Hole flow with leak
Low
Pressure
Sand

Geothermal
Shale
Zone

Profile of no-leak
Oil Zone flow with lower flow
rate
Shale
Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa
Gas Production and Estimating AOF

4000
Total
3500 Perfs
Zone B
3000

2500
Pwf: psia

2000

1500

1000

500

0
- 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00
Q: MMscf/d

Copyright ©2001-2011 NExT. All rights reserved Material: Dr. M. Watfa