1.

Verb Tense shifts

Rewrite the paragraphs with the correct verb form. Underline the corrected verb.
For example: He had a good job in the United States and I had a great job in a travel
agency
Narrative #1
Andres and I met at a party in Mexico City. He has a good job in the United
States and I have a great job in a travel agency in Mexico. But we fell in love. Our
phone bill is $400 a month, because I always call him. I decided to walk across the
border to be with him. It would be years before I can join him legally. We can’t wait that
long.
Andres was nervously waiting for me across the border in Los Angeles. I was
taken with a group of five other people to a spot far out in the desert. I walked and
walked, through the night. We were completely silent.
Then, we were driven in a car to a house in Los Angeles. Andres is waiting for a
phone call outside a 7-11 store (we had no cellphone back then), but the men who kept
me in the house didn’t contact him for a long time. When they called him, they wanted
more money. Andres didn’t have much money. We were both anxious and terrified.
Finally, Andres found the extra money and the men took me to his uncle’s house. I am
so happy to see Andres again.

Case Study # 1
Mrs G is an elderly blind woman. She was visited at her home by a sales representative
from a bed company. She thinks he had come about a prize offer from the company. He
proceeded to sell her an expensive orthopedic bed despite the fact that her medical
condition makes it impossible for her to use a bed. Students go out to visit her in her
home and take her instructions. The students wrote a letter to the company who agreed
to reimburse Mrs G. The students have reported the company to Trading Standards.

Case Study #2
The client wished to set up a charitable trust to assist with the costs of caring for sick
and injured hedgehogs. The client is interested in raising awareness about hedgehogs
and their overall decline. She wanted to know what sources of funding may be
available to such a charity. The students provided the client with advice and guidance
on the necessary formalities to set a charity. The students also provided the client with
information surrounding funding and grants available to the charity.  
Case Study #3
Mrs J took a horse out on loan on behalf of her daughter. The horse became seriously ill
as a result of a disease and subsequently died. Mrs J is then taken to court for recovery
of veterinary bills which are incurred as a result of the horse’s illness. The students
acted for Mrs J who is the defendant in the case and disputed agreeing to pay the
veterinary bills. The students researched the legal issues involved in the case, and
represented Mrs J on both preliminary issue and full trial of the case in the small claims
court. The Student Law Office successfully defended the claim on behalf of Mrs J.    

2. Subject -Verb Agreement

Locate the subject verb disagreement in the following paragraphs. Underline and write
the correct answer.
For example. If the law gives the loser the right to a higher court review.

The losing party in a criminal prosecution or a civil action may ask a higher (appellate)
court to review the case on the grounds that the trial court judge made a mistake. If the
law gives the loser the right to a higher court review, his or her lawyers will appeal. If the
loser does not have this right, his or her lawyers may ask the court for a writ of
certiorari. Under this procedure, the appellate court is being asked to exercise its lawful
discretion in granting the cases a hearing for review.

The decision, or holding, is the court’s answer to a question presented to it for answer
by the parties involved or raised by the court itself in its own reading of the case. There
are narrow procedural holdings, for example, “case reversed and remanded,” broader
substantive holdings which deal with the interpretation of the Constitution, statutes, or
judicial doctrines. If the issues have been drawn precisely, the holdings can be stated in
simple “yes” or “no” answers or in short statements taken from the language used by
the court.

Complaints against the city or federal government are generally settled out of court, but
in the event that the government refuses to settle, the complaints are generally tried as
civil cases. These cases can be brought in any case where the plaintiff alleges that city
law or policy has caused harm to its citizens.
Lecture on Modal Shall
1.Peter: “I think we could launch this product onto the market next month but it’s late
and we should assess certain situations before fixing the date of the launch of the
product.” Somebody asks him: “Shall we have another meeting next week to decide the
date?”.
Function of shall: _______________. Context: _____________________ .
Function of shall: making a suggestion. Context: probably a conversation between
workmates in a brainstorming session.
2. “It’s cold here. Shall I close the window?”
Function of shall: _______________. Context: _____________________
Function of shall: making an offer. Context: dialogue between two colleagues .
3. “I have a toothache. Shall I go to the dentist?”
Function of shall: _______________. Context: _____________________ .
Function of shall: asking for a suggestion. Context: dialogue in which somebody is
asking for advice
4Seller shall deliver the goods on the date set forth in this agreement.”
Function of shall: _______________. Context: _____________________ .
Function of shall: indicating obligation. Context: legal context (a contract)

Thus, in the legal context, shall is usually used in the sense of must. Apart from
expressing obligation, shall in that context may be used to declare or promise
something and to refer to a future event (Krois-Lindner & TransLegal®, 2015).
.

Source:
Curto, J. (2019). The Use of Modal Verbs Shall in Legal Texts. Ideas. IV , (4).
Source(s)

Walter, J. (2017) Building Writing Skills: The Hands -On Way. Cengage: Boston: Ma:
USA.
Northumbria University (2020). Examples of Recent Cases. Retrieved from
https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/academic-departments/northumbria-law-
school/study/student-law-