CIVIL LAW REVIEW 2

Second Semester, AY 2019-2020

Monday, 5:00-9:00pm
Viferlyn De Vera Villar
vams08@gmail.com

Course Description: An integration of the principles in Civil Law relating to obligations and
contracts, sales, lease, quasi-contracts, credit transactions, quasi-delicts and damages.

COURSE OUTLINE1
I. OBLIGATIONS, Article (“Art.)” 1156 to 1304, The New Civil Code (“NCC”)

A. In General

1. Definition, Art. 1156

2. Elements
i. Active Subject
ii. Passive Subject
iii. Prestation or Object
iv. Efficient Cause or Juridical Tie or Vinculum Juris

3. Distinction between Natural and Civil Obligations, Arts. 1423-1430, NCC;

R.A. No. 6809
i. As to enforceability
ii. As to basis

4. Prescription of Actions, Art. 1139-1155, NCC

Villaroel vs. Estrada, 71 Phil 140

Ansay vs. NDC, 107 Phil 997
DBP vs. Confessor, 161 SCRA 307 (1988)
Heirs of Roldan vs. Heirs of Roldan and Heirs of Magtulis, G.R. No. 202578, 27
September 2017

B. Sources of Obligations, Art. 1157

Sagrada Orden vs. NACOCO, 91 Phil 503

The Metrobank vs. Rosales and Yo Yuk To, G.R. No. 183204, 13 January 2014

1. Law, Art. 1158

2. Contracts, Arts. 1159, 1305
3. Quasi-Contracts, Arts. 1160, 2142
i. Negotiorum Gestio, Arts. 2144-2153
ii. Solutio Indebiti, Arts. 2154-2163
iii. Other Quasi-Contracts, Arts. 2164 – 2175

1
Based on the Course Outlines of Professor Eduardo A. Labitag and Atty. Crisostomo A.
Uribe.
 4. Acts or omissions punished by law, Arts. 1161, 1167, 2177, NCC; Arts. 100 &
104, Revised Penal Code (“RPC”)
5. Quasi-delicts, Arts. 1162, 2176

Saludaga vs. FEU, G.R. No. 179337, 30 April 2008

People’s Car vs. Commando Security, 51 SCRA 40
Cruz vs. Tuazon & Co., 76 SCRA 543
Gutierrez Hermanos vs. Orense, 28 Phil 571
Adille vs. CA, 157 SCRA 455
Andres vs. Mantrust, 177 SCRA 618 (1989)
Puyat & Sons vs. Manila, 7 SCRA 970
CBK Power Co. Ltd vs. CIR, G.R. Nos. 198729-30, 15 January 2014
Cangco vs. MRR, 38 Phil 768
Gutierrez vs. Gutierrez, 56 Phil 177

C. Compliance with Obligations, Arts. 19, 1163-1166, 1244, 1246, 1460, 442, 440

D. Kinds of Obligations

1. As to perfection and extinguishment

i. Pure, Arts. 1179, 1197
ii. Conditional, Arts. 1181-1190
iii. With a term or period, Arts. 1180, 1193-1198

HSBC vs. Sps. Broqueza, G.R. No. 178610, 17 November 2010

Pay vs. Palanca, 57 SCRA 618
Smith Bell vs. Sotelo Matti, 44 Phil 874
Chavez vs. Gonzales, 32 SCRA 547
Encarnacion vs. Baldomar, 77 Phil 470
Eleizegui vs. Lawn Tennis Club, 2 Phil 309
Philbanking vs. Lui She, 21 SCRA 53
Lim vs. People, 133 SCRA 333
Araneta, Inc. vs. Phil. Sugar Estates, 20 SCRA 330
Millare vs. Hernando, 151 SCRA 484

2. As to plurality of Prestation
i. Conjunctive
ii. Alternative, Arts. 1199 -1205
iii. Facultative, Art. 1206

Arco Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. and Santos vs. Lim, G.R. No. 206806, 25 June 2014

3. As to rights and obligations of multiple parties, Arts. 1207-1222

i. Joint
ii. Solidary, Arts. 927, 1824, 1911, 1915, 1945, 2157, 2194, 2146; Arts. 94,
121, Family Code (“FC”); Art. 90, RPC
iii. Disjunctive

Ronquillo vs. CA, 132 SCRA 274

Malayan Insurance vs. CA, 165 SCRA 536
PNB vs. Independent Planters, 122 SCRA 113
Calang and Philtranco vs. People, G.R. No. 190696, 3 August 2010
 Ruks Konsult and Construction vs. Adworld Sign and Advertising Corp and
Transworld Media Ads, G.R. No. 204866, 21 January 2015
TMBI vs. Feb Mitsui and Manalastas, G.R. No. 194121, 11 July 2016

4. As to performance of Prestation, Arts. 1221-1225, 1209-1210

i. Divisible
ii. Indivisible
iii. Joint indivisible
iv. Solidary indivisible

Sps. Lam vs. KODAK Philippines, G.R. No. 167615, 11 January 2016

5. As to the presence of an accessory undertaking in case of breach

i. With penal clause – Arts. 1226-1230
(Distinguished from Liquidated damages)

Bachrach vs. Espiritu, 52 Phil 346

Robes-Francisco vs. CFI, 86 SCRA 59
Pamintuan vs. CA, 94 SCRA 556
Castillo vs. Security Bank, et al., G.R. No. 196118, 30 July 2014
Sps. Poon vs. Prime Savings Bank, G.R. No. 183794, 13 June 2016

E. Breach of Obligations, Art. 1170

Honrado vs. GMA Network Films, Inc., G.R. No. 204702, 14 January 2015

1. Manner of Breach
i. Fraud, Arts. 1171, 1338, 1344
ii. Negligence, Arts. 1171-1173
iii. Delay, Arts. 1169, 1165, 1786, 1788, 1896, 1942
iv. Any other manner of contravention

2. Excuses for Non-performance

i. Fortuitous event, Arts. 1174, 552, 1165, 2147, 2159
ii. Act of creditor

Cangco vs. MRR, 38 Phil 768

Telefast vs. Castro, 158 SCRA 445
Meralco vs. Ramoy, G.R. No. 158911, 4 March 2008
Mindanao Terminal vs. Phoenix Assurance, G.R. No. 162467, 8 May 2009
Jimenez vs. City of Manila, 150 SCRA 510
Nakpil & Sons vs. CA, 144 SCRA 596, 160 SCRA 334
Gilat Satellite Networks, Ltd. vs. UCPB, G.R. No. 189563, 7 April 2014
Rivera vs. Sps. Chua, G.R. No. 184458, 14 January 2015
Solar Harvest Inc. vs. Davao Corrugated Carton, Corp., G.R. No. 176868, 26 July 2010
Agcaoili vs. GSIS, 165 SCRA 1
Arrieta vs. Naric, 10 SCRA 79
Sicam vs.Jorge, G.R. No. 159617, 8 August 2007
NPC vs. CA, 161 SCRA 334
Fil-Estate vs. Sps. Ronquillo, G.R. No.185798, 13 January 2014
TMBI vs. Feb Mitsui and Manalastas, G.R. No. 194121, 11 July 2016
Sanico and Castro vs. Colipano, G.R. No. 209969, 27 September 2017
F. Remedies for Breach of Obligations, Arts. 1165-1168, 1170, 1177-1178, 1191-1192,
2236, 302, 1708, NCC; Arts. 153, 155, FC; Rule 39, Section 13, Rules of Court

1. Extra-judicial remedies
i. Expressly granted by law, Arts. 1786, 1788, 1526
ii. Stipulated

2. Judicial remedies
i. Principal remedies, Arts. 1191, 1170
ii. Subsidiary remedies, Arts. 1380, 1177
iii. Ancillary remedies, Rules of Court

Universal Food Corp. vs. CA, 33 SCRA 1

Magdalena Estate vs. Myrick, 71 Phil 344
UP vs. Delos Angeles, 35 SCRA 102
Zulueta vs. Mariano, 111 SCRA 206
Palay, Inc. vs. Clave, 124 SCRA 638
Angeles vs. Calasanz, 135 SCRA 323
Boysaw v. Interphil Promotions, 148 SCRA 635
Pilipinas Bank vs. IAC, 151 SCRA 546
Central Bank vs. CA, 139 SCRA 46
Unlad Resources Development vs. Dragon, G.R. No. 149338, 28 July 2008
Swire Realty Dev’t. Corp. vs. Jayne Yu, G.R. No. 207133, 9 March 2015
Olivarez Realty vs. Castillo, G.R. No. 196551, 9 July 2014
NCLPI vs. Lica and PROTON, G.R. No. 176986, 13 January 2016