Musharraf Regime

Shafiq Qurban
 GEN.PARVEZ
MUSHARRAF (1999-
2008)
Introduction
• The tenth Presidentof Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf is a
retiredfour star general of the Pakistan Army.
• He served as the thirteenth Chief of the Army Staff, as well as the
tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and
took over the administration of the country in a military coup in
October 1999.
• From 2001 when he deposed the democratically elected government
• of Nawaz Sharif.
• Until 2008, when he was forced to resign, to avoid further conflicts.
• Pervez Musharraf headed the administrative military
government in Pakistan.
Early Life
• Pervez Musharraf was born on 11th August, 1943 in Delhi,
India.
• He belonged to a middle class family and several of his
ancestors were government officials during the British rule
over the sub- continent.
• His own father, Syed Musharraf ud din, worked in the Foreign
Office of the Indian government, while his mother went on to
do a masters, a rarity for most Muslim women at the time, and
became a school teacher.
• After the partition of the Indian sub-continent the family
migrated to Pakistan and settled in Karachi.
Early Life
• Musharraf’s father was posted in Turkey in 1949 and the entire
family moved to Ankara when his father became a member of
the diplomatic deputation from Pakistan.
• Musharraf returned to Pakistan in 1957 and attended Saint
Patrick’s School in Karachi.
• He graduated from the Forman Christian College Lahore and in
1961 entered the Pakistan Military Academy, at Kakul.
Military Service
• Musharraf participated in the 1965 war against India and was part
of that that elite group of the artillery regiment which launched an
offensive on the Kasur- Khem Karan sector.
• It was in this war that he won the Imtiazi Sanad medal for
gallantry. Musharraf became lieutenant colonel in 1974, a
colonel in 1978 and staff officer during the 1980s.
• In 1990 he studied at the Royal College of Defense Studies in
Britain for a year.
• Musharraf became a major general in 1991 and served as the
Director-General of Pakistan Army’s Directorate General for the
Military Operations (DGMO).
Military Service
• In 1997 he was superseded by Lieutenant General Ali Kuli Khan
Khattak as Chief of General Staff (CGS), at which Musharraf was
quite ‘surprised and disappointed.’
• He even contemplated retirement as a lieutenant general.
• However he was favored by the then Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif and personally promoted to Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff
Committee.
Kargil Conflict: The Cause of Coup
• General Pervez Musharraf was the main strategist behind the
Kargil plan, which was launched in March 1999.
• Pakistani and Kashmiri soldiers began infiltrating on the
Indian side of the LOC.
• When India discovered this movement the conflict escalated
to a full scale war between May and June 1999.
• However as the international pressure intensified the Prime
Minister Nawaz Sharif withdrew support to the insurgents in
Kargil conflict and the Pakistan Army had to evacuate the
captured posts, retracing their steps back to Pakistan.
Kargil Conflict: The Cause of Coup
• The causalities in Pakistan were heavy and the government
even refused to accept the dead bodies of many officers.
• This greatly antagonized the army and rumors of a possible
coup began circulating.
• Indian 524 soldiers died .
• Pakistan 696 soldiers were martyred.
Military Coup
• The Prime Minister replaced Musharraf as Chief of Army Staff with
Zia ud Din Butt on 12th October 1999, while he was still on his way
back to Pakistan from Sri Lanka.
• The Prime Minister ordered the plane carrying Musharraf into
Pakistan not to land in Karachi, which caused quite a stir in the
army.
• The army seized the control tower in Karachi Airport, allowing the
plane to land and stating the coup.
• On October 12, 1999, military took over the government
in
Pakistan.
• Musharraf became the head of the state designated as
Musharraf's takeover
Martial law
Provisional Constitutional Order
• Took over the state and imposed Martial Law on 12th Oct 1999.
• Constitution of 1973 was suspended and democratic government of
Nawaz Sharif was dismissed.
• Two days later on 14th October 1999, Musharraf declared a state of
emergency in Pakistan issuing a Provisional Constitution Order.
Referendum 2002 and 10th President
• The army rule continued for three years when on 20th April 2002 he
held a referendum and formally appointed himself as the President of
Pakistan on 20th June 2002.
• He became a close ally with the US in the aftermath of 9/11
supporting the war on terror. The Bush government provided Pakistan
with military and economic assistance.
• After the fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan they were
able to launch insurgency in Pakistan. ‘By 2005, the Taliban and al-
Qaeda were in the midst of a major terrorist campaign against the
Musharraf regime.
10th President
• During this time the pressure from Bush Administration to curb the
insurgencies also increased on Musharraf, as the US began firing
unnamed drones at Taliban and al-Qaeda targets in Pakistan and
carry out cross border incursions.
• The Pakistani people, opposed to the country’s involvement in the war
on terror, retaliated gravely to this and domestic pressure on
Musharraf increased.
Election and Transfer of Power
• He hold general elections in the country on 10th
October 2002.
• He transferred the powers of Chief Executive to the newly
elected Prime Minister.
• After volunteer resignation of President Rafiq Tarar, he was
administered fresh oath of office of President on 31st
October 2002.
Reforms in The Era of Musharraf
1.Economical Reforms
2.Savings And Investments
3.Human Capital Development
4.Agriculture
5.Dams
6.Women Empowerment
Savings and Investments

1. GDP increased from $60 billion to $170 billion.

2. Domestic and foreign investments increased from $60 billion

to $170 billion.
3. Exports tripled from $7 billion to $22 billion.

4. International trade increased from $20 billion to $60 billion

Human Capital Development
Education
1. Budget increased from 500 million to 28 billion.
2. Number of universities increased speedily.
3. 81 new universities including Degree Awarding Institutions (DAI) and
14,117 schools/colleges were opened.
4. 1,267,519 stipends to the needy students.
5. 47,546,520 students were provided books free of cost.
6. 127,623 missing facilities were provided in educational institutions
Human Capital Development
Health
1. Life expectancy increased .
2. During 1998-1999 total health expenditure was Rs 25
billion which had increased to Rs 50 billion.
3. There had been an increase of about 20,000 registered
doctors, 3,000 registered dentists, about 15,000 nurses,
and 56,000 lady health workers. The quantity, quality and
distribution of this workforce were being improved.
4. During 2000-2008 health indicators had shown gradual
improvement.
Human Capital Development
Poverty
1. Poverty rate halved.
2. Government’s efforts have resulted in reduction of poverty
from 34.4% in 2001 to 23.9% in 2005.
3. In this way one crore 27 lac (12.7 million) people came out
of poverty.
4. During last 5 years Rs 1,441 billion have been spent
on poverty reduction and employment generation.
Women Empowerment
1. Promoted women development and empowerment of female sector
and showed strong will towards promoting women rights.
2. This National Policy for Development and Empowerment of Women
was announced on 7th March, 2002.
3. Reservation of 20% women’s seats in the National Assembly.
4. Reservation of 18% seats for women in the Senate.
5. Reservation of women seats in the Provincial Assemblies.
6. Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2004 (Honor Killing Bill) enacted.
 Local Government Ordinance
• The 2001 Local Government Ordinance provides for devolution of
government to district administrations.
• Each district administration is headed by a District Coordination Officer
(DCO) and a Zila Nazim.
• The District Coordination Officer is the administrative head of the District
Administration. They have wide-ranging responsibility for overseeing,
improving and directing the approved plans of the District Government.
• The Zila Nazim used to be the executive head of the District Administration
until 2010, when the government gave their powers to the District
Coordination Officer.
• They are responsible for implementing government strategy and
developing initiatives arising out of it.
 Musharraf's efforts to resolve Kashmir
Issue :
• Musharraf proposed 4 points to resolve the issue
1.Kashmir will have the same borders but people will be allowed to
move back and forth to the region
2.The region will have self governance but not
independence 3.Troops will be withdrawn
4.A joint supervision mechanism will be set up with India, Pakistan
and Kashmir represented it
Some blunders by
Musharraf
• Musharraf's support for Us War on Terror
• Nation Reconciliation Ordinance
• National Accountability Bureau
• Issue Of Kala Bagh Dam
• Emergency By Musharraf
• Lal Masjid Operation
• General Musharraf replaced all the controlling slots of NAB
Musharraf's support for Us War on Terror
⚫ Musharraf was asked by George W. Bush to join war against
terror, after the attacks of 9/11, on sep 2001.
⚫ Purpose was to defeat the Afghan Taliban and end their
regime in Afghanistan.
⚫ As a neighboring country, Pakistan was suitable for the
supply and help for the war.
Emergency By Musharraf

⚫ Declared emergency on 3rd of Nov, 2007 which remained in action until

15 Dec, 2007.
⚫ Constitution was suspended.
⚫ Chief justice was house arrested.
⚫ Elections were postponed.
⚫ Media houses were kept under restriction and were monitored.
Siege of Lal Masjid
As the country was gripped in the clutches of suicide bombing and
Islamic extremist, anti- Musharraf elements on particular institution,
the Lal Masjid became the hub of activity.
In their demand to the government to impose sha’riah, madrassah
students and women began attacking DVD shops and causing
disruptions in their activities.
These people were part of the seminaries in the Lal Masjid, owned by
two brothers who had continued to challenge the write of the General
during his tenure.
Suspension of Chief Justice 2007
• On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended Chief
Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry and pressed
corruption charges against him.
He replaced him with ally Acting Chief Justice Javed
Iqbal.
Fall from Presidency
• By August 2007, polls showed 64 percent of Pakistanis did not want
another Musharraf term.
• Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, had brutalized the personal
image of Musharraf in public and political circles.
• After removal of Shaukat Aziz as Prime minister, Musharraf could
not have sustained his presidency any longer and dramatically fell
from the presidency within a matter of eight months
 Conclusion
⚫ Musharraf engaged in legal battles after high court issued warrants for him
for his alleged involvement in the assassinations of Benazir and Bugti.
⚫ In October 2010, after a period of self-imposed exile, Musharraf announced
the formation of a new political party, the All Pakistan Muslim League, and
vowed to return to Pakistan in time for the 2013 national elections.
⚫ He did so in March 2013, but his bid to stand in elections faced a variety of
legal and political obstacles, including several open criminal investigations
regarding his actions as president.
⚫ Upon his return, Musharraf was disqualified from taking part in the
elections by High Court judges in April 2013.
 THANKS
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