Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12 August 2020
Course Description :
Civil Law Review 2 is an integration of the principles in Civil Law relating to obligations
& contracts, sales, lease, quasi-contracts, credit transactions, quasi-delicts and damages.
It is basically covered by Book IV, Titles I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,
XIII, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII & XIX of the Civil Code of the Philippines.
Course Objectives :
1. Understand the basic principles applicable to obligations and its different sources.
2. Identify the rights and obligations of parties to these obligations.
3. Appreciate and apply these fundamental principles to actual business transactions.
4. Encourage diligence and the observance of honesty and fair dealings at all times.
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Course Outline
A. In General
4. Elements of Obligations
a. Negotiorum Gestio
b. Solutio Indebiti
c. Other Quasi-Contracts
4. Acts or omissions punished by law – Arts. 1167, 2177, Arts. 100 &104
RPC
5. Quasi-delicts – Arts. 1162, 2176
Compliance with Obligations – Arts. 19, 1163-1166, 1244, 1246, 1460, 442, 440
2. As to Plurality of Prestation
a. conjunctive
b. alternative – Arts. 1199-1205
c. facultative – Art. 1206
Arco Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. and Santos v. Lim, G.R. No. 206806, June 25, 2014
a. Joint
b. Solidary – Arts. 927, 1824, 1911, 1915, 1945, 2157, 2194, 2146
Arts. 94, 121 FC ; Art. 90 RPC
c. Disjunctive
a. Divisible
b. Indivisible
c. Joint indivisible
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d. Solidary indivisible
Sps. Lam v. KODAK PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 167615, January 11, 2016
Honrado vs. GMA Network Films, Inc., G.R. No. 204702, January 14, 2015
Manner of Breach
1. fraud – Arts. 1171, 1338, 1344
2. negligence – Arts. 1171-1173
3. delay – Arts. 1169, 1165, 1786, 1788, 1896, 1942
4. any other manner of contravention
1. Extra-judicial remedies
a. expressly granted by law – Arts. 1786, 1788, 1526
b. stipulated
2. Judicial remedies
a. principal remedies – Arts. 1191, 1170
b. subsidiary remedies – Arts. 1380, 1177
c. ancillary remedies – Rules of Court
Kinds of Compensation
a. legal
b. conventional facultative c. judicial
Kinds of Novation
a. As to its nature
i) subjective or personal
ii) objective or real
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b. As to its form
i) express
ii) implied
A. In General
2. Elements of Contracts
a. essential
b. natural
c. accidental
Contract of Adhesion
Daisy Tiu v. Platinum Plans, G.R. No. 163512 February 28, 2007
Cui v. Arellano University, 2 SCRA 205
Saura v. Sindico, 107 Phil 336
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Acceleration Clause
Escalation Clause
New World v. AMA CLC, G.R. No. 187930, February 23, 2015
Saludo, Jr. vs. Security Bank Corp., G.R. No. 184041, October 13, 2010
Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company vs. Reynado and Adrandea, G.R.
No. 164538 August 9, 2010
Prudential Bank vs. Abasolo, G.R. No. 186738 September 27, 2010
Asian Cathay Finance and Leasing Corporation vs. Spouses Cesario
Gravador and Norma de Vera,et. al, G.R. No. 186550 July 5, 2010
Velasco v. CA, 95 SCRA 616
Kauffman v. PNB, 42 Phil 182
Bonifacio Bros. v. Mora, 20 SCRA 261
Florentino v. Encarnacion, 79 SCRA 192
Bank of America v. IAC, 145 SCRA 419
Marimperio v. CA, 156 SCRA 368
Daywalt v. Corp de PP Agustinos, 39 Phil 587
Gilchrist v. Cuddy, 29 Phil 542 (1915)
Estate of K.H. Hemady v. Luzon Surety, 100 Phil 389 (1956)
So Ping Bun v. CA, 314 SCRA 751 (1999)
Sanico and Castro v. Colipano, G.R. No. 209969, 27 Sept 2017
C. Classification of Contracts
4. according to purpose
a. transfer of ownership – Arts. 725, 1458, 1638
b. conveyance of use – Arts. 562, 1642, 1933
c. rendition of service – Arts. 1642, 1868
7. according to risk
a. commutative
b. aleatory – Arts. 2010
8. according to name
a. nominate
b. Innominate – Arts. 1307
D. Stages of Contracts
1. Negotiation
2. Perfection
3. Performance
4. Consummation
Cognition Theory
Manifestation Theory
2. object certain which is the subject matter of the contract – Arts. 1347-
1349, 1311, 1178
3. cause of the obligation_– Arts. 1350-1355
4. Delivery
5. Due observance of prescribed formalities
Rescissible Contracts
Cabaliw v. Sadorra, 64 SCRA 310
Hongkong & Shanghai Bank v. Pauli, 161 SCRA 634
Voidable Contracts
Felipe v. Heirs of Aldon, 120 SCRA 628
House Int’l. v. IAC, 151 SCRA 703
Poole-Blunden v. Union Bank, G.R. No. 205838, 29 November 2017
Oberes v. Oberes, G.R. No. 211422, October 16, 2019
Unenforceable Contracts
Ortega v. Leonardo, 103 Phil 870
Carbonel v. Poncio, 103 Phil 655
Babao v. Perez, 102 Phil 756
Cabague v. Auxilio, 92 Phil 294
Yuvienco v. Dacuycuy, 104 SCRA 668
Clarin v. Rulona, 127 SCRA 512
Bisaya Land Transportation v. Sanchez, 153 SCRA 532
Void or Inexistent
Clemente v. CA, Jalandoon, GR No. 175483, October 14, 2015
Hernandez v. CA, 160 SCRA 821
Rubias v. Batiller, 51 SCRA 120
Javier v. vda. De Cruz, 80 SCRA 343
Menil v. CA, 84 SCRA 413
Director of Lands v. Alba, 88 SCRA 513
Tongoy v. CA, 123 SCRA 99
Lita Enterprises v. IAC, 129 SCRA 79
Arsenal v. IAC, 143 SCRA 40
Manotok Realty v. IAC, 149 SCRA 372
Portugal v. IAC, 159 SCRA 178
Yanas v. Acaylar, 136 SCRA 52
Barsobia v. Cuenco, 113 SCRA 547
Godinez v. Fong, 120 SCRA 223
Yap v. Grageda, 121 SCRA 244
Pineda v. de la Rama, 121 SCRA 671
Liguez v. CA, 102 Phil 577
Philbanking v. Lui She, 21 SCRA 52
Avila v. CA, 145 SCRA 541
Teja Marketing v. IAC, 148 SCRA 347
Briones v. Cammayo, 41 SCRA 404
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Special Contracts
SALES
A. In General
Essential Elements - Art. 1459-1465, 1469-1474, 1489, 1327, 1390, 1403, 1489, 1490,
1491, 1492, 1348, 1347, 1624-1627
1. consent of the contracting parties
2. determinate subject matter [thing or right]
3. price certain in money or its equivalent
Natural Elements
Accidental Elements
Contract of Option
Formalities of Contract of Sale - Art. 1483
Payment of Price
Right of Inspection
Acceptance
G. Extinguishment of Sale
Causes
Redemption [Conventional & Legal]
Barter or Exchange
LEASE
I. Nature
A. Kinds of Lease
B. Definitions
C. Characteristics
D. Distinguished from other contracts/legal relations
A. consent
B. object /purpose : period
C. cause
Formalities
A. Necessary repairs
B. Improvements
C. Collapse of a building
D. Reduction of the Rent
E. Extension of the Lease
F. Right of First Refusal
G. Sublease & Assignment of the Lease
Spouses Chung v. Ulanday construction, Inc., G.R. No. 156038, October 11, 2010
Cebu Bionic Builders Supply, Inc. v. DBP, G.R. No. 154366, November 17, 2010
Mores v. Yu-Go, G.R. No. 172292 July 23, 2010
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AGENCY
I. In General : Nature
A. Definition
B. Characteristics
C. Distinguished from/compared with other relations
[Features of a contract of agency]
Liability when there are two or more principals : solidary (Art. 1915)
Rights of Third Persons in Incompatible contracts with agent and principal
PARTNERSHIP
I. In General
A. Definition
B. Characteristics of Partnership as a Contract
C. Distinguished from other Combinations and Relations
1. In General
2. Kinds of Trusts
a. Express
b. Implied
A. Definition
B. Scope
C. Distinguished from Bailments
II. Loans
A. Definition : Purpose
B. Kinds of Loan :
I. Commodatum : Precarium
II. Mutuum or Simple Loan
C. Characteristics
D. Essential Elements : Consent, Object, Cause
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Formalities
G. Modes of Extinguishment
III. Deposit
Vintola v. IBAA, 150 SCRA 578, G.R. # 73271 May 29, 1987
Sia v. People, 121 SCRA 661 (1983)
Gonzales v. Go Tiong and Luzon Surety, 104 Phil 492 (1958)
Consolidated Terminals v. Artex Development Co., 63 SCRA 46 (1975)
Roman Catholic Bishop v. de la Peña, 26 Phil 144 (1913)
D. Modes of Extinguishment
1. In general
a. Kinds of Pledge
b. Characteristics of Pledge
c. Extent/Coverage of the Pledge
B. Rights and Obligations of the Pledgor [Debtor or Third Person]
C. Rights and Obligations of the Pledgee [Creditor]
D. Modes of Extinguishment
A. In general
1. Characteristics
2. Subject Matter
3. Extent/Coverage of the Mortgage
B. Essential Requisites
Formal Requisite; Affidavit of Good Faith
C. Rights and Obligations of the Mortgagor [Debtor or Third Person]
D. Rights and Obligations of the Mortgagee [Creditor]
E. Modes of Extinguishment
V. Concurrence and Preference of Credit [Arts. 2236-2251 NCC; Act No. 1956, as amended,
Insolvency Law]
A. General Provisions
B. Classification of Credits
C. Order of Preference of Credits
I. Introduction
A. Nature of Quasi-delict
B. Quasi-delict distinguished from Tort, Crime, Contract
C. Scope/Sources of Law
1. Concept of Negligence
2. Standard of Care : Degree of Diligence
3. Proof of Negligence : Burden of Proof
Presumptions of Negligence
Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur
B. Damage or Injury
C. Causal Connection between the Act or Omission and the Damage
Our Lady Of Lourdes Hospital v. Spouses Capanzana, March 22, 2017, G.R. No. 189218
Air France v. Carrascoso, 18 SCRA 155 [1966]
Calalas v. CA, 332 SCRA 356 [2000]
Heirs of Guaring, Jr. v. CA, 269 SCRA 283 [1997]
BLTB Co. Inc. v. CA, 64 SCRA 427 [1975]
Phil Bank of Commerce v. CA, 269 SCRA 695 [1997]
Soliman v. Tuason, 209 SCRA 47 [1992]
Dulay v. CA, 243 SCRA 220 [1995]
Garcia v. Florido, 52 SCRA 420 [1973]
Valenzuela v. CA, 253 SCRA 303 [1996]
Canlas v. Asian Savings Bank, 326 SCRA 415 [2000]
Hedy Gan v. CA, 165 SCRA 378 [1988]
Ong v. Metropolitan Water District, 104 Phil 398 [1958]
D.M. Consunji v. Juego, 357 SCRA 249 [2001]
Ramos v. CA & de los Santos Medical Center, 321 SCRA 584 [1999]
Reyes v. Sisters of Mercy Hospital, 341 SCRA 760 [2000]
Heirs of Ildefonso Cosculluela v. RGIC, 179 SCRA 511 [ 1989]
Board of Liquidators v. Heirs of Kalaw, 20 SCRA 987 [1967]
Gabeto v. Araneta, 42 Phil 252 [1921]
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A. In General
B. Kinds of Damages
1. Actual or Compensatory
2. Moral
3. Nominal
4. Temperate or Moderate
5. Liquidated
6. Exemplary or corrective
Prescribed Textbooks:
Arturo M. Tolentino, Commentaries & Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of the Philippines,
Vol. 4, Central LawBook Pub., 1987
Balane, Ruben F, Jottings and Jurisprudence in Civil Law (Obligations and Contracts), Central
Book Supply, 2018 Edition
Cesar L. Villanueva, Law on Sales, 2009 Edition, Rex Printing Company, Inc.
Esteban B. Bautista, Treatise on Philippine Partnership Law, Rex Book Store, 1978
Hector S. De Leon, Comments and Cases on Partnership, Agency, and Trusts, Eighth Edition,
Rex Printing Company, Inc., 2010
Hector S. De Leon, Comments and Cases on Credit Transactions, Eighth Edition, Rex Printing
Company, Inc., 2010
References:
1. Melencio S. Sta. Maria, Obligations and Contracts, Texts and Cases, Rex Book Store.,
2003
2. Hector S. De Leon, Comments and Cases on Sales and Lease, Sixth Edition, Rex
Printing Company, Inc., 2005
3. D. P. Jurado, Comments & Jurisprudence on Obligations and Contracts, Rex
Bookstore, Twelfth Revised Edition 2009
Teaching Methods/Strategies
Quizzes will also be administered to check knowledge, understanding and the analyzing
skills of the students. Lectures, group discussions and visual aids may be used when
applicable.
Grading Criteria:
AUSL DLSU, LPU, UMak SSC
MidTerm Exam 30% 20% 30%
Recitation & Quizzes 30% 30% 40%
Final Exam 40% 50% 30%