JANUARY 18 to FEBRUARY 29 - OBLIGATIONS b. Solidary – Arts.

927, 1824, 1911, 1915, 1945, 2157, 2194, 2146;

Arts. 94 & 121, FC; Art. 90, RPC
Obligations – Arts. 1156 -1304 c. Disjunctive

A. In General Ronquillo v. CA, 132 SCRA 274

Malayan Insurance v. CA, 165 SCRA 536
1. Definition – Art. 1156 PNB v. Independent Planters, 122 SCRA 113
2. Kinds of Obligations as to basis & enforceability – Arts. 1423 – 1430; Calang and Philtranco v. People, G. R. No. 190696, 8/3/2010
RA 6809 Ruks Konsult and Contruction v. Adworld Sign and Advertising Corp. and
3. Prescription of Actions – Arts. 1139 – 1155 Transworld Media Ads, G. R. No. 204866, 1/21/2015
TMBI v. Feb Mitsui and Manalastas, G. R. No. 194121, 7/11/2016
Villaroel v. Estrada, 71 Phil 140
Ansay v. NDC, 107 Phil 997 4. As to Performance of Prestation – Arts. 1221 – 1225, 1209 – 1210
DBP v. Confessor, 161 SCRA 307 (1988)
a. Divisible
Heirs of Roldan v. Heirs of Roldan and Heirs of Magtulis, G. R. No. 202578
b. Indivisible
c. Joint indivisible
4. Elements of Obligations
d. Solidary indivisible
B. Sources of Civil Obligations – Art. 1157
Sps. Lam v. Kodak Philippines, G. R. No. 167615
Sagrada Orden v. NACOCO, 91 Phil 503
The Metrobank v. Rosales and Yo Yuk To, G. R. No. 183204, 13 January 2014 5. As to the Presence of an accessory undertaking in case of breach

1. Law – Art. 1158 a. With a Penal Clause – Arts. 1226 – 1230

2. Contracts – Arts. 1159, 1305 Distinguish from Liquidated Damages
3. Quasi-contracts – Arts. 1150, 2142 – 2175
Bachrach v. Espiritu, 52 Phil 346
a. Negotiorum Gestio Robes-Francisco v. CFI, 86 SCRA 59
b. Solutio Indebiti Pamintuan v. CA, 94 SCRA 556
c. Other Quasi-contracts Castillo v. Security Bank, et al., G. R. No. 196118, 30 July 2014
Sps. Poon v. PRIME Savings Bank, G. R. No. 183794, 6/13/2016
4. Acts or omissions punished by law – Arts. 1167, 2177; Arts. 100 & 104,
RPC E. Breach of Obligations – Art. 1170
5. Quasi-delicts – Arts. 1162, 2176
Honrado v. GMA Network Films, Inc., G. R. No. 204702, 1/14/2015
Saludaga v. FEU, G. R. No. 179337, 30 April 2008
People’s Car v. Commando Security, 51 SCRA 40 Manner of Breach
Cruz v. Tuazon & Co., 76 SCRA 543
1. Fraud – Arts. 1171, 1338, 1344
Gutierrez Hermanos v. Orense, 28 Phil 571
2. Negligence – Arts. 1171 – 1173
Adille v. CA, 157 SCRA 455
Andres v. Mantrust, 177 SCRA 618 (1989) 3. Delay – Arts. 1169, 1165, 1786, 1788, 1896, 1942
Puyat & Sons v. Manila, 7 SCRA 970 4. Any other manner of contravention
CBK Power Co. Ltd. v. CIR, G. R. Nos. 198729-30, 15 January 2014
Cangco v. MRR, 38 Phil 768 Excuses for non-performance
Gutierrez v. Gutierrez, 56 Phil 177 1. Fortuitous Event – Arts. 1174, 552, 1165, 2147, 2159
2. Act of Creditor
C. Compliance with Obligations – Arts. 19, 1163 – 1166, 1244, 1246, 1460, 442,
440 Cangco v. MRR, 38 Phil 768
Telefast v. Castro, 158 SCRA 445
D. Kinds of Civil Obligations Meralco v. Ramoy, G. R. No. 158911, 4 March 2008
Mindanao Terminal v. Phoenizx Assurance, G. R. No. 162467, 5/8/2009
1. As to Perfection & Extinguishment Jimenez v. City of Manila, 150 SCRA 510
a. Pure – Arts. 1179, 1197 Nakpil & Sons v. CA, 144 SCRA 596; 160 SCRA 334
b. Conditional – Arts. 1181 – 1190 Gilat Satellite Networks, Ltd. v. UCPB, G. R. No. 189563, 4/7/2014
c. With a term or period – Arts. 1180, 1193 – 1198 Rivera v. Sps. Chua, G. R. No. 184458, 14 January 2015
Solar Harvest, Inc. v. Davao Corrugated Carton Corp., G. R. No. 176868
HSBC v. Sps. Broqueza, G. R. No. 178610, 17 November 2010 Agcaoili v. GSIS, 165 SCRA 1
Pay v. Palanca, 57 SCRA 618 Arrieta v. Naric, 10 SCRA 79
Smith Bell v. Sotelo Matti, 44 Phil 874 Sicam v. Jorge, G. R. No. 159617, 8 August 2007
Chaves v. Gonzales, 32 SCRA 547 NPC v. CA, 161 SCRA 334
Encarnacion v. Lawn Tennis Club, 2 Phil 309 Fil-Estate v. Sps. Ronquillo, G. R. No. 185798, 13 January 2014
Philbanking v. Lui She, 21 SCRA 53 TMBI v. Feb Mitsui and Manalastas, G. R. No. 194121, 11 July 2016
Lim v. People, 133 SCRA 333 Sanico and Castro v. Colipano, G. R. No. 209969, 27 September 2017
Araneta, Inc. v. Phil. Sugar Estates, 20 SCRA 330
Millare v. Hernando, 151 SCRA 484 F. Remedies for Breach of Obligations – Arts. 1165 – 1168, 1170, 1177 – 1178,
1191 – 1192, 2236, 302, 1708; Arts. 153 & 155, FC; Rule 39, Sec. 13
2. As to Plurality of Prestation
a. Conjunctive 1. Extra-judicial remedies
b. Alternative – Arts. 1199 – 1205 a. Expressly granted by law – Arts. 1786, 1788, 1526
c. Facultative – Art. 1206 b. Stipulated

Arco Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. and Santos v. Lim, G. R. No. 206806 2. Judicial remedies
a. Principal remedies – Arts. 1191, 1170
3. As to Rights & Obligations of Multiple Parties – Arts. 1207 – 1222 b. Subsidiary remedies – Arts. 1380, 1177
a. Joint c. Ancillary Remedies – Rules of Court
 Universal Food Corp. v. CA, 33 SCRA 1 PNB v. Ong Acero, 148 SCRA 166
Magdalena Estate v. Myrick, 71 Phil 344 Francia v. IAC, 162 SCRA 753
UP v. de los Angeles, 35 SCRA 102 Republic v. de los Angeles, 98 SCRA 103
Zulueta v. Mariano, 111 SCRA 206 Solinap v. del Rosario, 123 SCRA 640
Palay, Inc. v. Clave, 124 SCRA 638 Sycip v. CA, 134 SCRA 317
Angeles v. Calasanz, 135 SCRA 323 Cia Maritima v. CA, 135 SCRA 593
Boysaw v. Interphil Promotions, 148 SCRA 635 Int’l Corporate Bank v. IAC, 163 SCRA 296
Pilipinas Bank v. IAC, 151 SCRA 546 Mindanao Portland Cement v. CA, 120 SCRA 930
Central Bank v. CA, 139 SCRA 46 Bank of the Philippines v. CA, G. R. No. 136202, 1/25/2007
Unlad Resources Development v. Dragon, G. R. No. 149338, 7/28/2008 Union Bank v. DBP, G. R. No. 191555, 20 January 2014
Swire Realty Development Corp. v. Jayne Yu, G. R. No. 207133
Olivarez Realty v. Castillo, G. R. No. 196251, 9 July 2014 6. Novation – Arts. 1291 – 1304, 1215
NCLPI v. Lica and Proton, G. R. No. 176986, 13 January 2016
Kinds of Novation
G. Modes of Extinguishment of Obligations – Art. 1231 a. As to its nature
Other Modes i) Subjective or personal
ii) Objective or real
Saura v. DBP, 44 SCRA 445
b. As to its form
1. Payment or performance – Arts. 1232 – 1244, 1246 – 1251, 1302; RA i) Express
529, RA 8183; PD 72, Secs. 31 – 32 ii) Implied
NPC v. Ibrahim, et al., G. R. No. 175863, 18 February 2015 Fua v. Yap, 74 Phil 287
Land Bank of the Philippines v. Alfredo Ong, G. R. No. 190755 Japan Airlines v. Simangan, G. R. No. 170141, April 2008
J. M. Tuason v. Javier, 31 SCRA 829 Anamer Salazar v. J. Y. Brothers Marketing Corp., G. R. No. 171998
Legarda v. Saldaña, 55 SCRA 324 Metropolitan Bank v. Rural Bank of Gerona, Inc., G. R. No. 159097
Azcona v. Jamandre, 151 SCRA 317 Arco Pulp and Paper Co., Inc. and Santos v. Lim, G. R. No. 206806
Arañas v. Tutaan, 127 SCRA 828 Millar v. CA, 38 SCRA 642
Kalalo v. Luz, 34 SCRA 337 Sandico v. Piguing, 42 SCRA 322
Ponce v. CA, 90 SCRA 533 NPC v. Dayrit, 125 SCRA 849
New Pacific Timber v. Señeris, 101 SCRA 686 Integrated Construction v. Relova, 146 SCRA 360
Roman Catholic Bishop of Malolos, Inc. v. IAC, 191 SCRA 411, 11/16/1990 Cochingyan v. R&B Surety, 151 SCRA 339
Tibajia, Jr. v. CA, 223 SCRA 163, 4 January 1993 Balila v. IAC, 155 SCRA 262
Bognot v. RRI Lending Corp., G. R. No. 180144, 9/24/2014 People’s Bank v. Syvel’s, 164 SCRA 247
Velasco v. Meralco, 42 SCRA 556 Rodriguez v. Reyes, 37 SCRA 195
Commissioner v. Burgos, 96 SCRA 831 Odiamar v. Odiamar Valencia, G. R. No. 213582, 28 June 2017
Filipino Pipe & Foundry Corp. v. NAWASA, 161 SCRA 32
Del Rosario v. Shell, 164 SCRA 556

Special Forms of Payment

a. Dation in Payment – Art. 1245
b. Application of Payments – Arts. 1252 – 1254, 1248
c. Payment by Cession or Assignment – Art. 1255
d. Tender of Payment and Consignation – Arts. 1256 - 1261

Filinvest v. Phil Acetylene, 111 SCRA 421

Citizens Surety v. CA, 162 SCRA 738
PNB v. DEE, Antipolo Properties, Inc., (now Prime East Properties,
Inc.) and AFP-RSBS, Inc., G. R. No. 182128, 19 February 2014
Soco v. Militante, 123 SCRA 160
Immaculata v. Navarro, 160 SCRA 211
Del Carmen v. Sps. Sabordo, G. R. No. 181723, 11 August 2014
Dalta v. FGR Realty, G. R. No. 172577, 19 January 2011

2. Loss of the thing due or impossibility of performance – Arts. 1262 –

1269, 1189, 1174, 1165, 1268, 1942, 1979, 2147, 2159

People v. Franklin, 39 SCRA 363

Laguna v. Manabat, 58 SCRA 650
Occeña v. Jabson, 73 SCRA 637

3. Condonation or remission of the debt – Arts. 1270 – 1274, 748, 749

4. Confusion or Merger of Rights – Arts. 1275 – 1277, 1215, 1217

5. Compensation – Arts. 1278 – 1290, 1243, 1215

Kinds of Compensation
a. Legal
b. Conventional
Facultative
c. Judicial

Gan Tion v, CA, 28 SCRA 235