ANDRES BONIFACIO COLLEGE

OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Atty. Angela Q. Pacatang-Barbaso

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Assigned Case reporters – make an oral digest of the case giving special attention to the
facts and the issue related to our topic in Oblicon; Make a collation of case digests and post
in our group page, one day prior to the Oral presentation.

2. Everyone must read and master the definitions and requisites covered in the case;

3. DO NOT COPY THE CASE DIGEST IN THE WEB. MAKE YOUR OWN. Practice to make a
concise summary of the relevant facts. Identify the issue and give the Court ruling which is
direct to the point but in complete sentences.

4. Submit to me a HANDWRITTEN CASE DIGEST after case report.

5. Thank you and always strive for excellence in all that you do!

Acquisitive Prescription

1. MARCELINO KIAMCO VS. THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, JUANA DEGUILMO-

GRAPE, QUIRINA DEGUILMO-MANINGO, ANTONIA DEGUILMO, and JUAN DEGUILMO, G.R.
No. 96865 July 3, 1992
2. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES VS. ANGELINE L. DAYAOEN, AGUSTINA TAUEL, and
LAWANA T. BATCAGAN, G.R. No. 200773 July 8, 2015

Extinctive Prescription

3. CELERINO E. MERCADO VS. BELEN* ESPINOCILLA** AND FERDINAND ESPINOCILLA, G.R.

No. 184109 February 1, 2012
4. VECTOR SHIPPING CORPORATION and FRANCISCO SORIANO VS. AMERICAN HOME
ASSURANCE COMPANY and SULPICIO LINES, INC.,G.R. No. 159213 July 3, 2013

5. ZENAIDA RAMOS-BALALIO VS. ROLANDO RAMOS, EUSEBIO I. RAMOS EVANGELISTO

GARCIA, G.R. No. 168464 January 23, 2006

Prescription vs. Laches

6. Associated Labor Unions (ALU) and Divind Word University Employees Union-ALU vs.
Catholic Archbishop of Palo<leyter and DWU of Tacloban, GR No. 156882, October 31, 2008
7. CONSUELO V. PANGASINAN and ANNABELLA V. BORROMEO VS. CRISTINA
DISONGLOALMAZORA, RENILDA ALMAZORA-CASUBUAN, RODOLFO CASUBUAN, SUSANA
ALMAZORAMENDIOLA, CARLOS MENDIOLA, CECILIO ALMAZORA and NENITA ALMAZORA
G.R. No. 200558 July 1, 2015

8. SERAFIN TIJAM vs. MAGDALENO SIBONGHANOY alias GAVINO SIBONGHANOY and LUCIA
BAGUIO MANILA SURETY AND FIDELITY CO., INC. (CEBU BRANCH), ET AL, G.R. No. L-
21450 April 15, 1968

Interruption of Period of Prescription

9. JAIME LEDESMA vs.COURT OF APPEALS and RIZAL COMMERCIAL BANKING

CORPORATION G.R. No. 106646 June 30, 1993
 10. JADEWELL PARKING SYSTEMS CORPORATION VS. HON. JUDGE NELSON F. LIDUA SR.,
Presiding Judge of The Municipal Trial Court Branch 3, Baguio City, BENEDICTO
BALAJADIA, EDWIN ANG, "JOHN DOES" and "PETER DOES G.R. No. 169588, October 7, 2013

Obligation based on QD

11. PEDRO ELCANO and PATRICIA ELCANO, in their capacity as Ascendants of Agapito Elcano,
deceasedVS. REGINALD HILL, minor, and MARVIN HILL, as father and Natural Guardian of
said minor G.R. No. L-24803 May 26, 1977
12. AMADO PICART VS. FRANK SMITH, JR., G.R. No. L-12219, March 15, 1918

DAMNUM ABSQUE INJURIA

13. SERGIO AMONOY VS. Spouses JOSE GUTIERREZ and ANGELA FORNIDA G.R. No.
140420      February 15, 2001
14. GAISANO CAGAYAN, INC VS. INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA G.R. No. 147839,
June 8, 2006

DEFAULT OR MORA

15. POLO S. PANTALEON VS. AMERICAN EXPRESS INTERNATIONAL, INC., G.R. No. 174269
August 25, 2010
16. ALPHA INSURANCE AND SURETY CO VS. ARSENIA SONIA CASTOR G.R. No. 198174
September 2, 2013

Sources of Obligations
Law - Art. 1158
17. OSG v. Ayala Land, G.R. No. 177056, September 18, 2009, 600 SCRA 617

Contracts - Art. 1159

18. PADCOM v. Ortigas, G.R. No. 146807, May 9, 2002, 382 SCRA 222

Quasi-Contracts - Art. 1160

(correlate with Arts. 2142, 2144, 2154)
19. Metrobank v. Absolute Management Corp., G.R. No. 170498, January 9, 2013, 688 SCRA 225
20. Traders Royal Bank Employees Union v. NLRC, G.R. No. 120592, March 14, 1997, 269 SCRA
733

Quasi-Delicts- Art. 1162

(correlate with Arts. 2176, 2180 CC, Arts. 218, 219 FC, Rule 111, Rules of Criminal
Procedure)
21. Barredo v. Garcia and Almario, July 8, 1942, 73 Phil. 607
22. Elcano and Elcano v. Hill and Hill, G.R. No. L-24803, May 26, 1977, 77 SCRA 98
23. Mendoza v. Arrieta, G.R. No. L-32599, June 29, 1979, 91 SCRA 113
24. PSBA v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 84698, February 4, 1992, 205 SCRA 729
25. Amadora v. CA, G.R. No. L-47745, April 15, 1988, 160 SCRA 729
26. Araneta v. De Joya, G.R. No. L-25172, May 24, 1974, 57 SCRA 62

Art. 1167
27. Chaves v. Gonzales, G.R. No. L-27454, April 30, 1970, 32 SCRA 547
28. Tanguilig v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 117190, January 2, 1997, 266 SCRA 78

II. Breach of Obligations

Delay (mora) - Art. 1169
 Mora Solvendi
29. Cetus Development Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 77648, August 7, 1989, 176 SCRA 72
30. Santos Ventura Hocorma Foundation vs. Santos, G.R. No. 153004, November 4, 2004, 441
SCRA 472
31. Abella v. Francisco, 55 Phil. 447 (1931)

Mora Accipiendi
32. Tengco v. CA, G.R. No. 49852, October 18, 1989, 178 SCRA 608

Compensatio Morae
33. Central Bank v. CA, G.R. No. L-45710, October 3, 1985, 139 SCRA 46

Substantial v. casual/slight breach - Art. 1170

34. Song Fo v. Hawaiian Phils., 47 Phil 821 (1928)

Fraud (dolo)– Art. 1171

35. Woodhouse v. Halili, July 31, 1953, 93 Phil. 526
36. Geraldez, vs. CA & Kenstar Travel Corporation, G.R. No. 108253, February 23, 1994

Negligence – Arts. 1172, 1173

37. Cangco v. Manila Railroad Co., 38 Phil. 763
38. Africa, et al. v. Caltex Phils, G.R. No. L-12986, March 31, 1966, 16 SCRA 448
39. Sarmiento v. Sps. Cabrido, G.R. No. 141258, April 9, 2003, 401 SCRA 122
40. Crisostomo v. CA, G.R. No. 138334, August 25, 2003, 409 SCRA 528

Contravention of the tenor

41. Chavez v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 27454, April 30, 1970, 32 SCRA 547
42. Telefast v. Castro, G.R. No. 73867, February 29, 1988, 158 SCRA 445
43. Magat vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. L-37120, April 20, 1983, 121 SCRA 418

III. Fortuitous Event – Art. 1174

44. Juan Nakpil & Sons v. CA, 144 SCRA 597 (1986)
45. Republic v. Luzon Stevedoring Co., G.R. No. L-21749, September 29, 1967, 21 SCRA 279
46. Austria v. CA, G.R. No. L-29640, June 10, 1971, 39 SCRA 527
47. NPC v. CA, G.R. No. L-47379, May 16, 1988, 161 SCRA 334
48. Yobido v. CA, G.R. No. 113003, October 17, 1997, 281 SCRA 1
49. Co v. CA, G.R. No. 124922, June 22, 1998, 291 SCRA 111
50. Southeastern College, Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 126389, July 10, 1998, 292 SCRA 422

IV. Usurious Transactions - Art. 1175, 1413, 1961

Read: Act No. 2655; PD 858; PD 1685; Central Bank Circular No. 416; Central Bank Circular No. 905
(1982) lifting the interest rate ceiling- (vs. 2209); Central Bank Circular No. 796, Series of 2013
(July 1 2013) – legal interest at 6%; modified to 12% in Lara’s Gifts

51. Lara's Gifts & Decors v. Midtown Industrial, G.R. No. 225433, 28 August 2019 modifying
Eastern Shipping Lines v. CA, G.R. No. 97412, July 12, 1994, 234 SCRA 781
52. Crismina Garments v. CA, G.R. No. 128721, March 9, 1999, 304 SCRA 356
53. Keng Hua Products v. CA, G.R. No. 116863, February 12, 1998, 286 SCRA 257
54. Security Bank v. RTC Makati, 263 SCRA 453 (1996)
55. Almeda v. CA, G.R. No. 113412, April 17, 1996, 256 SCRA 292
56. First Metro Investment vs. Este. Del Sol, G.R. No. 141811, November 15, 2001, 369 SCRA 99
57. Nacar v. Gallery Frames, G.R. No. 189871, August 13, 2013, 703 SCRA 439

Accion Pauliana – Art. 1177, 1381 par. 3

58. Khe Hong Cheng v. CA, G.R. No. 144169, March 28, 2001, 355 SCRA 701
59. Siguan v. Lim, G.R. No. 134685, November 19, 1999, 318 SCRA 725
V. Different Kinds of Obligations
a. Pure and Conditional Obligations - Art. 1179 par. 1., Art. 1182
60. HSBC v. Spouses Broqueza, G.R. No. 178610, November 17, 2010
 61. Gaite v. Fonacier, G.R. No. L-11827, July 31, 1961, 2 SCRA 830
62. Gonzales v. Heirs of Thomas, 314 SCRA 585 (1999)

b. Suspensive condition

63. Coronel v. CA, G.R. No. 103577, October 7, 1996

c. Resolutory condition

64. Central Philippine University v. CA, G.R. No. 112127, July 17, 1995, 246 SCRA 511
65. Quijada v. CA, G.R. No. 126444, December 4, 1998

d. Postestative condition

66. Lao Lim vs. CA, G.R. No. 87047, October 31, 1990

e. Mixed condition

67. Osmeña v. Rama, 14 Phil. 99 (1909)

68. Hermosa v. Longora, 93 Phil. 971 (1953)
69. Taylor v. Uy Tieng Piao, 43 Phil. 873 (1922)
70. Rustan Pulp and Paper Mills v. IAC, G.R. No. 70789, October 19, 1992, 214 SCRA 665
71. Romero vs. CA, G.R. No. 107207, November 23, 1995

f. Impossible condition – Art. 1183

72. Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila v. CA, G.R. No. 77425, June 19, 1991, 198 SCRA 300
73. Heirs of San Miguel v. CA, G.R. No. 136054, September 05, 2001

g. Effect of prevention of the fulfillment of the condition by the obligor - Art. 1186

74. Herrera v. Leviste, G.R. No. 55744, February 28, 1985

75. Int’l Hotel Corp v. Joaquin, Jr., G.R. No. 158361, April 10, 2013

h. Rescission of Reciprocal Obligations – Art. 1191, 1192

Substantial v. casual breach

76. Song Fo v. Hawaiian-Philippines, 47 Phil. 821 (1925)

Obligation to return the object

77. De Erquiaga v. CA, G.R. No. 47206, September 27, 1989, 178 SCRA 1 

Automatic rescission

78. U.P. v. De Los Angeles, G.R. No. L-28602, September 29, 1970, 35 SCRA 365 
79. Angeles v. Calasanz, G.R. L-42283, March 18, 1985, 135 SCRA 323  
80. Iringan v. CA, G.R. No. 129107, September 26, 2001, 366 SCRA 41 
81. Palay, Inc. v. Clave, G.R. No. L-56076, September 21, 1983, 124 SCRA 7

Contract to sell

82. Visayan Sawmill Company vs. CA, GR. No. 83851, March 3, 1993, 219 SCRA 378

Rescission when obligation becomes impossible

83. Ayson-Simon v. Adamos, G.R. No. L-39378, August 28, 1984, 131 SCRA 439
86. Deiparine vs. CA and Trinidad, GR. No. 96643, April 23, 1993
B. Obligations with a Period - Art. 1193, 1180

87. Solante v. COA, G.R. No. 207348, August 19, 2014

Presumption - Art. 1196

88. Ponce de Leon v. Syjuco, G.R. No. L-3316 October 31, 1951, 90 Phil. 311
89. Buce v. CA, G.R. No. 136913, May 12, 2000, 332 SCRA 151

When court may fix a period – Art. 1197

90. Araneta v. Philippine Sugar Estate Development Co., G.R. No. L-22558, May 31, 1967, 20
SCRA 330

C. Alternative Obligation

91. Arco Pulp and Paper Co, v. Lim, G.R. No. 206806, June 25, 2014

D. Solidary Obligation

Art. 1211

92. Inchausti v. Yulo, G.R. No. L-7721, March 25, 1914, 34 Phil. 978

Art. 1217 to 1220

93. Quiombing v. CA, G.R. No. 93010, August 30, 1990, 189 SCRA 325
94. Inciong v. CA, G.R. No. 96405, June 26, 1996, 257 SCRA 578)
95. Vigilla v. Phil. College of Criminology, Inc., G.R. 200094, June 10, 2013
96. Diamond Builders v. Country Bankers, G.R. No. 171820, December 13, 2007

Defenses available to a solidary debtor against the creditor – Art. 1222

97. Alipio v. CA, 341 SCRA 441

98. Lafarge Cement Phil vs. Continental Cement, GR 155173, November 23, 2004

E. Divisible and Indivisible Obligations

99. Capalla v. COMELEC, G.R. 201112, October 23, 2012

F. Obligation with a Penal Clause

100. Makati Dev’t Corp. v. Empire Insurance Co., 20 SCRA 557 (1967)
101. Antonio Tan v. CA, G.R. No. 116285, October 19, 2001, 367 SCRA 571
102. Country Bankers Insurance vs. CA, GR. 85161, Sept 9, 1991

Chapter 4 Extinguishment of Obligation

Art. 1249
103. Papa v. Valencia, G.R. No. 105188, January 23, 1998, 284 SCRA 643
104. PAL vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-49188, January 30, 1990, 181 SCRA 557

Application of Payments

105. Reparations Commission v. Universal Deep Sea Fishing, G.R. No. L-21901, June 27,
1978, 83 SCRA 764
106. Paculdo v. Regalado, G.R. No. 123855, November 20, 2000, 345 SCRA 134
Payment by Cession / Dation in Payment

107. Development Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 118342, January 5,
1998
108. Filinvest Credit Corporation vs. Philippine Acetylene, G.R. L-50449, January 10, 1982

Tender of Payment and Consignation

109. De Guzman v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. L-52733, July 23, 1985, 137 SCRA 730
110. TLG International Continental Enterprising, Inc. v. Flores, 47 SCRA 43 (1972)
111. McLaughlin v. Court of Appeals, 144 SCRA 693 (1986)
112. Soco v. Militante, G.R. No. L-58961, June 28, 1983, 123 SCRA 160
113. Sotto v. Mijares, G.R. No. L-23563, May 8, 1969, 28 SCRA 17
114. Chan vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109020, March 3, 1994, 230 SCRA
115. Meat Packing Corp vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 103068, June 22, 2001, 359 SCRA 409
116. Pabugais v. Sahijwani, G.R. No. 156846, February 23, 2004

Impossibility of Performance

117. Occeña v. CA, G.R. No. L-44349, October 29, 1976, 73 SCRA 637
118. Naga Telephone Co. v. CA, G.R. No. 107112, February 24, 1994, 230 SCRA 351
119. PNCC vs. CA, GR 116896, May 5, 1997

Condonation or Remission

120. YAM vs. CA, G.R. No. 104726, February 11, 1999
121. Trans-Pacific Industrial Supplies, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 109172 August 19,
1994

Compensation

122. CKH Industrial Development Corp. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 111890, May 7, 1997
123. Bangko Sentral v. COA, G.R. No. 168964, January 23, 2006
124. Gan Tion v. CA, G.R. No. L-22490, May 21, 1969, 28 SCRA 235

125. Bank of Philippine Islands v. Reyes, G.R. No. 116792, March 29, 1996, 255 SCRA 571
126. PNB v. CA, G.R. No. 108052, July 24, 1996, 259 SCRA 174
127. Silahis Marketing Corp vs. IAC, G. R. No. L-74027, December 7, 1989, 180 SCRA 21

Novation

Art. 1292 Objective Novation

128. Millar v. CA, G.R. No. L-29981, April 30, 1971, 38 SCRA 642
129. Magdalena Estate v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-18411, December 17, 1966, 18 SCRA 967
130. Broadway Centrum Condominium Corp vs. Tropical Hut, July 5, 1993
131. California Bus Line vs. State Investment, GR 147950, December 11, 2003
132. Ong v. Bognabal,, G.R. No. 149140, September 12, 2006
133. Sps. Reyes v. BPI Family, G.R. No. 149840, March 31, 2006

Change of Debtor

134. Garcia v. Llamas, G.R. No. 154127, December 8, 2003, 417 SCRA 292
135. Quinto vs. People, G.R. No. 126712, April 14, 1999

Change of Creditor
 136. Reyes v. Secretary of Justice, 264 SCRA 35 (1996)
137. Astro Electronics Corp. vs. Philippine Export and Foreign Loan Guarantee Corporation,
G.R. No. 136729, September 23, 2003.
138. Metrobank v. Rural Bank of Gerona, G.R. No. 159057, July 5, 2010.
Title II. CONTRACTS

Chapter 1. General Provisions

Autonomy

139. Gabriel v. Monte de Piedad and CA, G.R. No. L-47806, April 14, 1941, 71 Phil. 497 
140. Pakistan International Airlines v. Ople, G.R. No. 61594, September 28, 1990, 190 SCRA
90
141. Rivera v. Solidbank, G.R. No. 163269, April 19, 2006
142. Cui v. Arellano, G.R. No. L-15127, May 30, 1961, 2 SCRA 205
143. Arroyo v. Berwin, G.R. No. L-10551, March 3, 1917, 36 Phil. 386
144. Bustamante v. Rosel, G.R. No. 126800,  November 29, 1999, 319 SCRA 413

Nominate / Innominate Contracts

145. Corpuz v. CA and David, G.R. No. L-40424, June 30, 1980, 93 SCRA 424

Mutuality

146. GSIS v. CA, G.R. No. 195567, November 25, 1993, 228 SCRA 183 
147. Professional Academic Plans, Inc. Francisco Colayco and Benjamin Dino v. Crisostomo,
G.R. No. 148599, March 14, 2005 

Relativity

148. DKC Holdings Corp. v. CA, G.R. No. 118248, April 5, 2000, 329 SCRA 666

Stipulation pour autrui

149. Florentino v. Encarnacion, G.R. No. L-27696, September 30, 1977. 79 SCRA 192
150. Coquia v. Fieldmen’s Insurance Co., G.R. No. L-23276, November 29, 1968,  26 SCRA
178
151. Constantino v. Espiritu, G.R. No. L-22404, May 31, 1971, 39 SCRA 206

Interference by third persons

152. Daywalt v. Corp., G.R. No. L-13505, February 4, 1919, 39 Phil. 587
153. So Ping Bun v. CA, G.R. No. 120554, September 21, 1999,314 SCRA 751
154. Jose Lagon v. CA and Lapuz, G.R. No. 119107,  March 18, 2005

Chapter 2. Essential Requisites of Contracts

A. Period for Acceptance – Art. 1324 & Art. 1479

155. Sanchez v. Rigos, G. R. No. L-25494, June 14, 1972, 45 SCRA 368
156. Tuazon v. Del Rosario-Suarez, G.R. No. 168325, December 13, 2010
157. Adelfa Properties v. CA, G.R. No, 111238, January 25, 1995

B. Mistake

158. Asiain v. Jalandoni, G.R. No. L-20435, October 23, 1923, 45 Phil. 296

C. When one of the parties is unable to read – Art. 1332

159. Dumasug v. Modelo, G.R. No. L-10462,   March 16, 1916,  34 Phil. 252
160. Leonardo v. CA, G.R. No. 125485, September 13, 2004
D. Inexcusable mistake – Art. 1333

161. Domingo Realty v. CA, G.R. No. 126236, January 26, 2007
E. Violence and intimidation – Art. 1335

162. Martinez v. Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, G.R. No. L-5496, February 19, 1910, 15 Phil.
252

F. Undue influence – Art. 1337

163. Loyola v. CA, G.R. No. 115734, February 23, 2000

G. Fraud or dolo – Art. 1338

164. Woodhouse v. Halili, 49 Off. Gaz. 3374

165. Sps. Tongson v. Emergency Pawnshop, G.R. No. 167874, January 15, 2010
166. ECE Realty v. Mandap, G.R. No. 196182, September 01, 2014

H. Usual exaggerations in trade; opportunity to know the facts – Art. 1340

167. Laureta Trinidad v. IAC, G.R. No. L-65922, December 3, 1991, 204 SCRA 524

I. Mere expression of an opinion – Art. 1341

168. Songco v. Sellner, G.R. No. L-11513,  December 4, 1917, 37 Phil.254

J. Misrepresentation

169. Mercado and Mercado v. Espiritu, G.R. No. L-11872, December 1, 1917, 37 Phil. 215
170. Braganza v. Villa Abrille, G.R. No. L-12471, April 13, 1959, 105 Phil. 456

K. Simulation of Contracts

171. Suntay v. CA, G.R. No. 114950, December 19, 1995, 251 SCRA 430
172. Blanco v. Quasha, G.R. No. 133148, November 17, 1999

L. Object of Contracts

Future inheritance

173. Blas v. Santos, G.R. No. L-14070, March 29, 1961, 1 SCRA 899
174. J.L.T. Agro, Inc. vs. Balansag and Cadayday, G.R. No. 141882, March 11, 2005

M. Cause of Contracts

175. Liguez v. CA, G.R. No. L-11240, December 18, 1957, 102 Phil. 577
176. Sps. Buenaventura, et. al. v. CA, G.R. No. 126376, November 20, 2003, 416 SCRA 263

Chapter 3. Form of Contracts

177. Dauden-Hernaez v. De los Angeles, G.R. No. L-27010, April 30, 1969, 27 SCRA 1276
178. Cenido v. Sps. Amadeo, G.R. No. 132474, November 19, 1999

Chapter 4. Reformation of Instruments

179. Bentir v. Leande, G.R. No. 128991, April 12, 2000, 330 SCRA 591
180. Sarming, et. al. v. Cresencio Dy, et. al., G.R. No. 133643, June 6, 2002, 383 SCRA 131

Chapter 5. Interpretation of Contracts

181. Borromeo v. CA, G.R. No. L-22962, September 28, 1972, 47 SCRA 65
DEFECTIVE CONTRACTS

Chapter 6. Rescissible Contracts

Art. 1380
182. Lalicon v. NHA, G.R. No. 185440, July 13, 2011

Art. 1387 Badges of Fraud

183. Oria v. McMicking, G.R. No. L-7003, January 18, 1912, 21 Phil. 243
184. China Banking v. CA, G.R. No. 129644, March 7, 2000

Chapter 7. Voidable or Annullable Contracts

185. Francisco v. Herrera, G.R. No. 139982, November 21, 2002

186. Heirs of Ureta v. Heirs of Ureta, G.R. No. 165748, September 14, 2011
187. Uy Soo Lim v. Tan Unchuan, G.R. No. 12605, September 7, 1918, 38 Phil. 552

Chapter 8. Unenforceable Contracts

188. Sps. Torcuator v. Sps. Bernabe, G.R. No. 134219, June 8, 2005
189. Carbonnel v. Poncio, et al., G.R. No. L-11231, May 12, 1958, 103 Phil. 655

Chapter 9. Void or Inexistent Contracts

190. Ching v. Goyanko, Jr., G.R. 165879, November 10, 2006

191. Urada v. Mapalad, A.M. MTJ 91-622, March 22, 1993
192. Modina v. CA, G.R. No. 109355, October 29, 1999
193. Banking Corp. v. Lui She, G.R. No. L-17587, September 12, 1967, 21 SCRA 52
194. Frenzel v. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003, 406 SCRA 55

Title III. NATURAL OBLIGATIONS

195. Fisher v. Robb, G.R. No. 46274, November 2, 1939, 69 Phil. 101

Title IV. ESTOPPEL

196. Kalalo v. Luz, G.R. No. L-27782, July 31, 1970, 34 SCRA 337
197. Manila Lodge No. 761 Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks v. CA, G.R. No. L-
41001, Sptember 30, 1976, 73 SCRA 168
198. Miguel v. Catalino, G.R. No. L-23072, November 29, 1968, 26 SCRA 234

Title V. TRUST

199. Juan v. Yap, Sr., G.R. No. 182177, March 30, 2011
200. Aznar Brothers Realty Company v. Aying, G.R. No. 144773, May 16, 2005
201. Heirs of Valientes v. Hon. Rama, G.R. No. 157852, December 15, 2010