Ultra-High-Speed Traveling-Wave-Based Protection

Scheme for Medium-Voltage DC Microgrids:

This paper focuses on waveshape properties and polarity of first travelling wave
travelling after inception of fault. Current travelling wave is used in this paper
because its polarity can be used for fault detection. Farther the fault is from
measuring unit, the longer will be its settling time. For a forward fault current will
be raising and for a reverse fault it will be falling.

Proposed Scheme:
Proposed Scheme consists of following four units

A)Travelling wave Capturing unit:

In order to extract a TW waveshape, the absolute value of ihp is compared to a

pre-defined threshold . t1 is the timestamp that marks the beginning of iTW, and
tN timestamps the end of iTW.

B)Time Constant Estimation:

Time Constant of exponential TW is used to examine the captured TW shape.
Time constant measuring block is given by
C) Fault Detection And Real Time Fault Localization Unit
Relation between settling time (Time constant) and distance from fault is used for
fault detection and localization.

Fault Detection Element:

Fault detection element compares time constant of captured element with a
threshold value.

Fault Localization Element:

Based on the relationship between fault location and the waveshape of iTW, τ-
χ lookup table for each cable type can be generated.

Tripping Logic of proposed Scheme: