obm00ef;usifEiS "hf avho;Hk pum;

obm0ywf0ef;usif
ESifh
"avhokH;pum;
armifcifrif("EkjzL)

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

a&ESifhywfoufaom pum;rsm;udk Munfhyg/ jrpfwckpwifonfhae&mudk ]]jrpfzsm;
cH&m}}[k ok;H onfr[kwyf gavm/ xkpd um;udyk if ]]t&if;cHonf}}[laomt"dygÜ ,fjzifh jrpfEiS hf
rqkdifaom tjcm;udpörsm;wGif okH;vmMujyefonf/ 'DrIcif;&JUjrpfzsm;cH&muawmh rl;,pf
aq;0g;yJjzpfygw,f}ponfjzifh okH;ykHrsKd;jzpfonf/ þodkYjzifh ]jrpfzsm;cHonf}[laompum;
onf ]t&if;cHonf? tajccHonf}[lí t"dygÜ ,f&aom"avho;Hk pum;wck jzpfomG ;ygawmh
onf/
xkdYtwl a&pD;&mwGif urf;NydKouJhodkY trsm;tjym;usa&mufonfhoabmudkpGJí
apwemxufoefveG u f o
J nfukd ]apwema&pD;urf;NydKvku d o
f nf}[k ok;H onf/ repfoifo
h nfh
a&wdrfwGif epfonfhoabmudk pGJí rjzpfavmufaom tEÅ&m,faMumifh 'ku©ra&mufoifhyJ
a&muf&onfudk ]a&wdrfepfonf}[lívnf;aumif;? a&pkefwGif arsmygoGm;onfudk tpGJjyK
í qk;H &I;H edru
hf soGm;&monfukd ]a&pkeaf rsmonf}[lívnf;aumif;? a&pD;vmonfukd ajrmif;
azmufum vkd&ma&mufatmif vkyfay;onfhoabmudk tpGJjyKí vkd&ma&mufatmif pum;
vrf;aMumif; ay;onfudk ]a&vmajrmif;ay;}[lívnf;aumif;? a&pD;twkdif; arQmvkduf
NyD; ckad eonfo h abmudk tpGjJ yKí oufomcko d nfudk ]a&omcko d nf}[lívnf;aumif;? oJxJ
a&usNyD; t&mrxifykHudk tpGJjyKí t&mrxif tusKd;rJhjzpfonfudk ]oJa&us? oJxJa&oGef}
[lívnf;aumif; tokH;jyKMuonf/
tvm;wlyif ajrESifhywfoufaom "avhokH;pum;rsm;udkvnf; awGYEkdifygao;
onf/ ajrudkyif vSefí tESHYtpyf &SmazGonfhoabmudk tpGJjyKí ]ajrvSefonf}[laom
pum;udk tESt YH pyf&mS azGonf[al omt"dygÜ ,fjzifh ok;H onf/ ajray:okYd rusapyJ av;av;
pm;pm; cH,lonfhoabmudk tpGJjyKí ]ajr0,frus}[laompum;udk av;av;pm;pm;(em
,lonf)[laomt"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onf/ ajratmufwGif vQKdU0Sufpum;udk vQKdU0Sufaomae
&m[laomt"dyÜg,fjzifh okH;onf/
xkdYtwl ]c&D;a&mufonf}(vkd&mudpöNyD;ajrmufatmifjrifonf)? ]acsmufusonf}
1
 armifcifrif("EkjzL)

('ku©a&mufonf)? ]acsmufwGef;onf}('ku©a&mufaponf)? ]awmifawmifajrmufajrmuf}

([kd[kdonfonf)? ]jzwfvrf;vkdufonf}(twkdenf;udk vkdufonf)? ]vSrf;p}(tp)? ]vrf;ydwf
onf}(tcGit hf vrf;ydwo f nf)? ]vrf;yGio
hf nf}(tcGit hf vrf;yGiohf nf)ponfph um;rsm;onf
vnf; obm00ef;usifESifhvlom;wkdY qufoG,frIudk taMumif;jyKaom"avhokH;pum;rsm;
jzpfygonf/
rdk;avwkdYESifhqkdifaom pum;rsm;vnf; &Sdygao;onf/ ]rkd;aumif;onf}(t&Sdeft
0gBuD;onf? wefckd;MoZmBuD;onf)? ]rkd;rqkH;ajrrqkH;}(rqkH;Ekdifatmif)? ]rkd;rjrifavrjrif}
(bmudkrQ rjrifrawG;EkdifyJ? bmukdrQ *&krxm;EkdifyJ)? (uHqkd;)]rkd;arSmifusonf}(tvGefnHh
E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

zsif;qkd;&Gm;aom uHMur®mESifhMuHK&onf)ponfh"avhokH;pum;rsm;udk MunfhEkdifygonf/

opfyifyef;refonfvnf; vlwkdYESifhaeYpOfxdawGYae&aom obm00ef;usifxJwGif
tusKH;0ifonfhtavsmuf opfyifyef;refwkdYudk tpGJjyKaom"avhokH;pum;rsm;udkvnf; t
ajrmuftjrm; awG&Y ygonf/ ]ql;ajimifch vkw}f (taESmift h ,Sut f [eft
Y wm;)? ]wEG,if if
wpifyg}(udpöwckaqmif&Guf&kHESifhtm;vkH;yg0ifatmif)? ]&GuftkyfoD;}(twGif;usdwf)?
]avmif;&dyfrdonf}(t&Sdeft0gvTrf;rkd;cH&í zGHYNzdK;oifhoavmuf rzGHYNzdK;yJ &Sdonf)? ]oyGwf
tl}(t&IyftaxG;)? ]tnTefYusKd;onf}(wkd;wufBuD;yGm;&ef tcGifhtvrf;ysufpD;oGm;onf)?
]tnTefYcl;onf}(taumif;qkH;tpdwftykdif;udk rw&m;,lonf)? ]tnTefYcsKd;onf}(wkd;wuf
BuD;yGm;rI tcGifhtvrf;udk zsufqD;ypfonf)? ]tnTefYwkH;onf}(wkd;wufvrf;&yfwefYoGm;
onf)? ]tkwMf um;jrufayguf}(tajctaeckid cf ikd rf mrmr&So d )l ponf"h avho;kH pum;rsm;onf
opfyifyef;refrsmudk tpGJjyKí ay:aygufvmaompum;rsm; jzpfygonf/
xkpd um;rsm;onf aeYpOfo;Hk pum;e,fy,fwiG f tom;us tenfxidk af eNyDjzpfonfh
twGuf tvG,fwul ajymqkdokH;EIef;Ekdifaom pum;rsm; jzpfaeygNyD/ xkdpum;wvkH;pD\
rlvt"dyÜg,fudk ajcajcjrpfjrpf rodapumrl tcuftcJr&SdyJ okH;EIef;ajymqkdEkdifMuonfom
jzpfonf/ ]olYcrsm "m;&Swmudk *&krpkdufrdvkdY ar;ckdifykd;0ifNyD; a&wdrfepf&wmyJ}[kwpkHw
a,mufu ajymvQif ]a&wdrfepf}\t"dyÜg,fudk wvkH;csif; pOf;pm;raeyJ ]raooifhyJ ao
&onf}[kqkdvkdaMumif; csufcsif;em;vnfaeMuygNyD/ ]'Duav; odyfvdr®mwmyJ? rdbpum;
udk ajr0,frus em;axmifw,f}[laompum;udk Mum;vQifvnf; ajr0,frusqkdwm bmyg
vdrfh[k pOf;pm;aep&m rvkdyJ qkdvkdaom t"dyÜg,fudk 'ufueJ em;vnfaeMuygNyD/ ]vlvl
csif; tnTefYcl;wm raumif;ygbl;}[laompum;udk Mum;vQifvnf; tnTefYcl;qkdonfrSm
opfyifESifhqkdifaom pum;jzpfonf[kyif rpOf;pm;rdMuawmhyg/ rw&m;tjrwfxkwfonfh
oabmudk qkdvkdjcif;jzpfaMumif; tvG,fwul em;vnfaeMuygNyD/
vlonf obm00ef;usifEiS ahf eYpOfEiS t hf rQ xdawGaY e&onft h avsmuf obm00ef;
2
 obm00ef;usifEiS "hf avho;Hk pum;

usifudk tpGJjyKí ay:aygufvmaom "avhokH;pum;rsm;onfvnf; bmompum;e,fy,f

ü wGifwGifus,fus,f ae&m,lvsuf &SdaeMurnfom jzpfayonf/

armifcifrif("EkjzL)

E-book is created by www.ShanYoMa.org

rSwfcsuf/ /jr0wDr*¾Zif;? 1985-ckESpf? (v-rod)? pmrsufESm(44-45)/