E-book is created by www.shanyoma.

org

avmuygv
OD;aomfZif
xGwfxm; 'Gdy'kwf
jrwforK'fwkdY
a&TEIwfcsKdarm
>rufazmfa[mom;
avmuygv
oku a'0"H
emrH okH;rnf
a&TbGJUcsnfvsuf

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

ewfjynfxif&Sm;
xl;*kPftm;ESifh
w&m;ESpf&yf
[da&mwyfudk
udk,fMuyf&Muapownf;/
aus;Zl;&Sifrefvnfq&mawmfbk&m;MuD; r[mokwum&DrCa'0vuFmopf
a[mMum;awmfrlaom avmuygvw&m;bGJUvuFmjzpfygonf/
avmuygv w&m;[lonfrSm avmuukd apmifha&Smufaom w&m;jzpf
avmuom;wkdif; aumif;pGmodoifhvSygonf/
xkdavmuygvw&m;udkyif
aumif; ac:Muygonf/

oku"r[lvnf;aumif;?

a'0"r[lvnf;

oku"r[lonfrSm oefY&Sif;jzLpifaomw&m;jzpf\
a'0"r[lonfrSm ewfjA[mwkdY ESpfoufjrwfEkd;aomw&m;? xGef;vif;awmuf
yaom w&m;jzpf\/
odkYvQif trnfokH;yg;jzifh xif&Sm;aomw&m;rSm ESpfyg;&S\
d / ,if;wkYdrSm ]][d
a&mwyf}}ac: [d&dESifhMowy[l ESpfyg;jzpf\/ xkdw&m;ESpfyg;udkyif avmuygv
w&m;? oku"rw&m;? a'0"rw&m;[k trsKd;rsKd;a[mawmfr\
l / [d&dESifhMowyyif
wnf;/
[d&dMowyf
udk,fudkMuyf
wnf;uGyfr&Sd
owdr&
vlxkdrQum;
avmuvl0,f

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

uJh&JUzG,fESifh
tyg,fqif;cGifh
[if;vif;yGifhcJh/
acG;ESifh0ufvm;
uRJEGm;odk;qdwf
t[dwfwd&pmef
oPmefwrQ
rkdufarm[jzifh
b0qkHawGU
bkHtavhom
atmufarhodrSwf
MuHpnfwwf
vlewfpD;yGm;
rjyD;jim;wnfh/
[d&d Mowyw&m;? avmuygvw&m;? okuw&m;? a'0"rw&m; r&SdygvQif
,ckb0vnf; raumif;yg/ olwpfyg;uJh&JUzG,fjzpf\/ aemifb0vnf; raumif;yg/
tyg,fodkY usa&mufwwf\/ xkdYaMumifh xkdw&m;ESpfyg;udk txl;owdxm;oifhyg
onf/ xkdw&m;ESpfyg;r&Sdoltm; q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;u t[dwfwd&pmefESifhEIdif;,SOf
xm;\/
[d&d[lonf tb,fenf;/
raumif;rIjyK&ef ta&;MuKHvmonf&Sdaomf xkdraumif;rIudk jyK&eftwGuf &Suf
jcif;oabmonf [d&drnf\/
raumif;rI[lonfrSm tukovygynpfqkd; tjypfrsKd;yifwnf;/

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

tjypfESifhwuG raumif;usKd;ay;wwfaomw&m;udk tukokdvf[k qk\

d / ,if;
onf raumif;rIjzpf\/
Mowy[lonf tb,fenf;/
raumif;rIjyK&ef ta&;MuKHvmonf &Sdaomf xkdraumif;rIudk jyK&eftwGuf
aMumuf&GUHxdwfvefYjcif; oabmonf Mowyrnf\/
[d&donfvnf; &Suf raumif;rIudk rjyKjcif;jzpf\/
raumif;rIrjyKjcif; twlwl b,fodkYxl;ygoenf;/
toifhtwifh xl;ygonf/
[d&donf rdrd*kPfodumudk axmufxm; raumif;rIudk rjyKjcif;jzpf\/
Mowyonf q&m? rdbpolw\
kdY *kPfodefudk axmufxm; rjyKjcif;jzpf\/
odkYxl;ygonf/
tjrwfxif&Sm;
ESpfyg;udk,fMuyf
[da&mwyfESifh
NrJuyf&Sdol
xkdewfvlrS
oyL&do
[lxkdufpG[k
a&S;u txl;
awmNrdKifOD;
bDvl;MunfnTwf
rpm;vGw\
f /

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

a&S;tcgu awmNrdKiftwGif; bDvl;vufodkYa&mufaeolonf [d&dESifhMowy

w&m;aMumifh bDvl;\MunfndKjcif;udk cH&\/ pm;awmhrnfqJqJ tpm;rcH&bJ bDvl;
vufrS vGwfajrmuf&\/
taMumif;onf {uedygwf a'0"rZmwf tus,fvm&S\
d / wGifum;
odom&kHrQ tusOf;csKyf aumufEkwfazmfjyygrnf/
vGefavjyD;aomtcgAm&mPoDjynf jA['wfrif;onf rif;jyKawmfr\
l /
xkdrif;MuD;\rdzk&m;MuD;onf r[oukrm&ESifhpEukrm&[laom om;awmfESpf
yg;zGm;jrifjyD;vQif uG,fvGefoGm;avonf/
xkdtcg rif;MuD;onf tjcm;rdef;rwpfa,mufudk rdzk&m; ajrmuf\/
xkdrdzk&m;onf ol&d,ukrm&rnfaom om;awmfwpfyg; zGm;jrif\/
rif;MuD;onf xkdom;awmfudk ESpfoufawmfrlojzifh rdzk&m;tm; tvkd&Sdaomqk
ukdawmif;cGifhjyK\/
rdzk&m;onf qkudk csufcsif; rawmif;ao;bJ tvkd&SdaomtcgusrS awmif;
rnf[k qkdif;iHhxm;\/
ol\om;awmf ol&d,rif;om;t&G,fodkYa&mufaomtcg EkdifiHawmfqkudk
awmif;\/ om;awmf ol&d,ukrm&rif;om;udk tdrfa&SUrif;om;tjzpf wifajrmuf&ef
jzpf\/
rif;MuD;onf xkdqkudkum; ray;EkdifbJ jzpfae\/ taMumif;um; om;awmfMuD;
ESpfyg; xif&Sm;&SdaeaomaMumifh jzpf\/
xkdYaMumifh tjcm;qkudk awmif;&ef awmif;yef\/ rdzk&m;um; qkrSwpfyg;
tjcm;b,fqkrQ tvkdr&SdaMumif; acgif;rmpGm wif;cHae\/
rif;MuD;rSm ay;rdaejyDjzpf uwdtwkdif; ay;vkduf&\/ xkdYaemuf om;awmf
MuD;ESpfyg;tm; tusKd;taMumif; ajymjyjyD; awmodkYoGm;ae&ef nTefMum;\/

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

rif;om;MuD;ESpfyg; aejynfawmfrS xGufcGmoGm;Muaomtcg nDi,f ol&d,uk

rm&vnf; aemifawmfwkdYESifhtwlwuG vkdufygoGm;\/
[dr0EmawmodkY a&mufaomtcg olwkdYonf opfyifMuD; wpfyifatmufwGif
tyef;ajzem;aeMu\/
opfyifESifhreD;ra0;wGif a&tkdifMuD;wpftkdifudk awGUjrif ol&d,ukrm&onf
a&cyf&ef oGm;\/
ol&d,ukrm& rif;om;a&mufcsdefwefvsuf jyefrvm pEukrm&rif;om;
vkdufoGm;\/
pEukrm&rif;om;MuD;onf a&tkdifokdY a&mufaomtcg tajctaet&yf&yf
udk tuJcwfMunfh&Iqifjcif\/ xkdwGif a&tkdifwGif qif;aomnDi,f\ajc&mrsm;udk
awGU&\/ wufaomajc&mudkum; rawGUrjrif&acs/
nDawmfESpfa,mufonf a&tkdifatmufrSmyif &Sdvdrfhrnfvm;[k pOf;pm;qif
jcifaepOf awmwGif;om; toGifESifhvlwpfa,muf &kwfw&uf a&mufvmjyD; a&
tkdi\
f a&rSm oeYf&Sif;Munfvifat;jraMumif;wkdYudkajymjy\/
rif;om;MuD;onf xkdoludk tuJcwfjyD;vQif ]]oif a&o&Jr[kwfavmh}}[kar;
\/
]][kwfygonf t&Sif}}[k 0efc\
H /
]]tb,fhaMumifh ighnDawmfwkdY zrf;,loenf;}}
]]olwkdYonf a'0"rudk[kwfwkdif;rSefpGm rodMuyg/ xkdYaMumifh uREkfyfonf olwdkY
udk zrf;,lxm;jcif;jzpfygonf}}
]]oifonf a'0"rudk odvkdygoavm}}
]]odvkdygonft&Sif}}
]]odkYjzpfvQif &kdaopGm emavmh}}
[d&DMowyorEm
oku"r

E-book is created by www.shanyoma.org

orm[dwm/
oaEm oyK&dom
avmau a'0"armwd 0kpa&/
[d&DMowyorEm=t&SuftaMumufESifh jynfhpkHukefonf jzpf? oku"rorm
[dwm=jzLpifaomw&m;udk aqmufwnfukefaom? oaEm=jidrfoufukefaom? oy&d
om=olawmfaumif;wkdYukd? avmau=avmu? a'0"armwd=a'0"r[l? 0kpa&=qkd
tyfuke\
f /
xkdtcg a&o&Ju ]]t&Siftm; MunfnKdvSyg nDawmfwpfa,mufESifhylaZmfyg
rnf/ b,foludk tvkd&Sdygoenf;}}[k qk\
d /
]]odkYjzpfvQif nDi,fol&d,ukrm&ukd ay;ygbd}}
]]t&Sifonf a'0"rudkum; od\/ odkY&mwGif w&m;twkid f; rusifhav}}
]]tb,faMumifhygenf;}}
]]tMuD;udk ylaZmf&rnfr[kwfygavm}}
]][kwfayonf? odkY&mwGif nDi,frSm tazwl taruGJjzpfonf/ olUudkxm;cJhyg
u ightm;uJh&JUp&m jzpfrnf/ igonf vltrsm;wk\
dY uJh&JUrnfhab;rS aMumuf nD
i,fudk awmif;qkdjcif;jzpfonf}}
xkdtcg a&o&Jonf r[oukrm&rif;om;MuD;tm; ydkjyD;av;pm;MunfndKyGm;
um nDawmfESpfazmfvkH;ukdyif xkwfazmf ylaZmfvkdufavonf/
a'0"H[k pHa&TeDvm;
tjrwfxm;wnfh
w&m;ESpf&yf
udk,fuyf xdef;uyfrMuapownf;/

OD;aomfZif

rSwfcsuf/ /aiGwm&Dr*Zif;? 1989-ck? rwfv? pmrsufESm(35 rS 37)xdvm&Sdaom

aqmif;yg;udk jyefvnf&kdufESdyfxm;ygonf/