Lecture - 04

IC Engines

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 Working of Two Stroke Engine

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Working of Two Stroke Engine

 In a two stroke engine, a cycle is completed by the two strokes of the piston.

 Out of the four strokes, the two strokes that are eliminated are, suction and exhaust
strokes.

 However, the exhaust process is achieved by the admission of charge which is

extremely compressed, which drives out the burnt gases out and this process is
popularly called as SCAVENGING.

 In case of the two stroke engines instead of valves, ports are used.

 Ports in the cylinder liner, opened and closed by the piston motion itself.

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Working of Two Stroke Petrol Engine

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First stroke (Downward)

 As soon as the charge is ignited, the hot

gases force the piston to move
downwards, rotating the crankshaft, thus
doing the useful work.

 During this stroke the inlet port is covered

by the piston and the new charge is
compressed in the crank case as shown in
the fig

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First stroke (Downward)

 Further downward movement of the piston

uncovers first the exhaust port and then
the transfer port.

 The burnt gases escape through the

exhaust port.

 As soon as the transfer port opens, the

compressed charge from the crankcase
flows into the cylinder.

 As the compressed charge enters into the

cylinder, it pushes out the exhaust gases
from the cylinder

 The process of removal of exhaust gases

by the fresh incoming charge is known as
scavenging

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Second stroke (Upward)

 Here the piston moves from BDC to TDC,

during the process the exhaust port and
transfer port are covered and the charge in
the cylinder is compressed.

 Simultaneously, vacuum is created in the

crankcase, and a new charge is drawn into
the crankcase through the uncovered inlet
port.

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Second stroke (Upward)

 The compressed charge is ignited in the

combustion chamber by a spark provided
by the spark plug and the cycle of events
is then repeated.

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Working of Two Stroke Diesel Engine

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First stroke (Downward)

 Combustion starts once the diesel is

injected in to the hot compressed air, the
hot gases force the piston to move
downwards, rotating the crankshaft, thus
doing the useful work.

 During this stroke the inlet port is covered

by the piston and the new charge [air] is
compressed in the crank case as shown in
the fig.

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First stroke (Downward)

 Further downward movement of the piston

uncovers first the exhaust port and then
the transfer port.

 The burnt gases escape through the

exhaust port.

 As soon as the transfer port opens, the

compressed charge from the crankcase
flows into the cylinder.

 As the compressed charge enters into the

cylinder, it pushes out the exhaust gases
from the cylinder

 The process of removal of exhaust gases

by the fresh incoming charge is known as
scavenging

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Second stroke (Upward)

 Here the piston moves from BDC to TDC,

during the process the exhaust port and
transfer port are covered and the fresh air
in the cylinder is compressed.

 Simultaneously, vacuum is created in the

crankcase, and a new charge is drawn into
the crankcase through the uncovered inlet
port.

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Second stroke (Upward)

 At the end of the compression diesel is

injected to the compressed air which is at
a temperature higher than the self ignition
temperature of diesel.

 Hence, the injected diesel auto ignites

when it comes in contact with hot air. And
the cycle of events is then repeated.

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Disadvantages of 2-Stroke Engine as Compared to 4-Stroke Engine
 educed Effective Expansion Stroke

 For SI Engines only:

o During Scavenging both the inlet and exhaust valves are open
simultaneously – there is a lot of fuel wastage – this use limited to only smaller
units.

o Lower thermal efficiency for the same reason.

o At part throttling conditions, the amount of charge entering might not be enough
to remove all the exhaust gases.

 More power strokes – more heat production – greater cooling and lubricating
required.

 More noise

 More pollution

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 Any Questions?

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