2019.

11
Inhee Kim
2
Seoul is ? 3

Seoul in Asia Seoul in Korea Seoul in Capital Region

North
Korea

SEOUL

SEOUL

Area 605.2㎢
Population 10.2million
Administrative district 25 autonomous
GRDP(per pers.) $30,218
Registered Housing 3.60 million
Registered Vehicle 3.08 million
Change in Seoul since 1950 4

Development Transition Sustainability

Population 120 100
Urbanization
of Seoul 90 Rate(%)
(100,000) 100
80
70
80
60
60 50
40
40
30
20
20
10
0 0
1949 1955 1960 1966 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
서울인구
Population of Seoul 도시화율
Urbanization rate

출처: 서울의 도시계획, 서울특별시, 2009

1. Era of Development : 1950~1979 5

Development… Development Development!

1. Era of Development : 1980s 6

Democratization & Olympic Game & Demolish &

cultural Change Urban Redevelopment social Issues
2. Period of Transition : 1990s 7

Risk Society Suburbanzation Local Autonomy

Authority

Central
Local
3. Key Indicators until 1995 8

• Nation-dominated development
• Oriented to solving pending issues
• Construction and maintenance of infrastructure(road, subway, water-supply etc.)
• Lack of infrastructure by rapid growth  took action emergently

Statistic between 1960 and 1995

Population Income Housing Vehicles

x6 ⅹ37 ⅹ6 ⅹ178

1.7 ➡ 10.2 million $255(1970) ➡ $9,360 0.27(1966) ➡ 1.69 million 0.011 ➡ 2.04 million
3. Change of Seoul after 1995 9

Local Autonomy System

in million

Central Government Local Government

Rapid Growth Risk Society & Conflict

One-sided Development Interactive Development

Production Society Consumption Society

Urbanization Suburbanization
in million
in million
Emergency Plan Master Plan
10
Characteristic of Policies after 1995 (popular vote) 11

1th 3th 4th

2 th 5~7th

Set Up
Local Government Implementation
System Management
Strategy
+ Social Innovation
Global Megacity
• Participation
• Communication
• Governance
Phase I : Set Up Local Govn’t System (1995~2001) 12

• Maintain Urban Infrastructure

• Rearrange Administration System
• Implement Environment & Welfare Policy

Wonsan Uijeongbu

ChunCheon
Munsan

Gimpo Namyangju

Guri
Wonju
Incheon
Incheon International Airport

Incheon Gwangju

Incheon

1
2 Siheung Railroad
Bundang Railroad(plan)
Subway

Ansan Subway(plan)
Bundang Main Road
Cheonan Daejeon
Anyang Suwon Seongnam Main Road(Plan)

Establish Green Seoul Citizen Council • Enact an environmental

Urban Master Plan has contributed in 1996 Ordinance
& into an environmentally • Establish the Master Plan
Infrastructure Plan in Seoul sustainable city. for Biotope, Water,
atmospheric environment
in Seoul
12
Phase II : Selection & Concentration (2002~2011) 13

• Business mind in urban administration

• Large-scale Urban Development Project
• Strengthen global competitiveness

13
Phase II : Restoration Cheongye-Stream 14

 Paradigm shift of urban management

- Development  High quality of life
- Environment friendly city
 Fundamental solution to safety problem
Phase II : New Town Project for balanced Development

26 newtowns in 2008

1s
t

2n
d

3r
d

 Revitalization of downtown area

- Stimulate urban redevelopment
- Balanced regional development
Phase II : Reform of Public Transportation System

• Exclusive Median Bus Lanes 12 Lines / 119㎞

• Average Passing Speed :
15.8㎞ => 19.9 ㎞ in 28% increased
• Satisfaction about public Transportation
22.4%(2004) => 88.5%(2011)
Phase II : from Waste-Disposal Site to Digital Media City
Establishment new Media and IT industry cluster
• 900 Private companies (Samsung SDS, LG CNS, CJ E&M, YTN, MBC, SBS, etc)

• 50,000 Jobs creation

• $ 12 Billion annual revenues

0 annual revenues
Phase II : Urban Regeneration in Down Town for global City
Phase II : Regeneration Han-River-Renaissance
Phase II : Design Seoul Project 20
Result of Urban Development in Phase II 21

Global Competitiveness, Natural Environment Restoration

Conservation of historical & cultural Resources, etc…

Deepening of Urban Problem & stand out of social Issues

Beginning of Conflict
Result of High Growth? 22

※ 글로벌경쟁력 지표 : 일본 모리기념재단 2013년 발표자료

삶의 질 지표 : 미국 머서사 2012년 발표자료

Seoul ranks 6th place in the ‘Global Power City Index’…

while, the ‘Quality of Life’ is 75th in the world ranking…
Phase III : Social Innovation (2012~Present) 23

• Participation & Communication

• Site-focused policies for Citizen’s daily Life
• Paradigm Shift Urban Regeneration & public Housing Policies
• Governance with citizens
Phase III : Projects for Participation & Governance 24

• Citizen Participation in order to solve Urban Problems

• Citizen Participation Implementation after 2012

Phase III : Project for Citizen’s daily Life 25

• Citizen prefer small Projects concerning their daily Life

• Welfare, Education, Health Care etc, what the central Govn’t should do

• Supply public Kindergarten with 1,000 units

=> 10% (2012) to 26% (2017)
• Supply DayCareCenter for the aged
=> 312 Center among them 188 certisficated
=> 95.8% Satisfied

• Implementation free School Meals

=> 940 school 705,000 student
• Supply Eco-friendly Meals
=> 6,558 (2012) to 8,926 (2017)

• Limited resources,
where are the passengers in mid-night
where do you want to go?
• Analyze 3 billion phone calls data &
populated place
=> 9 Late-night bus lines
Phase III : Paradigm Shift Urban Regeneration 26

1960~1990 1990~2010 2012 ~

How sustainable was Seoul? 27

1th 3th 4th

2 th 5~7th

Environmental
Sustainability Economical
Sustainability
Social
Sustainability

Environmental
Economical
Social
New Challenges 28
29
Role and Status | 30
30

Legal Ground Plan

National Comprehensive National Comprehensive Plan

Planning Act
Nation,
Nation,
Region Capital Region Readjustment Act Capital Region Readjustment Plan
Region

Zoning Plan
Urban Planning 2030
and Utilization Act 4 Special Regulating
Seoul Plan Areas

Urban Management Plan Urban Facility Plan

City,
City,
District Detailed District Plan
District
Urban Development Act
Urban Development
Projects Plan

Urban Renewal
Urban and Residential Envi
Projects Plan
ronment Renewal Act

Building
Role and Status 31

Sectoral Plan Project based

Plan
Detailed Plan
How has it changed so far ? 32
Problems of Previous Urban Master Plan 33

Insufficient role as Highest Level Plan Strategic Planning

reflecting the characters of Seoul
Expert-oriented Planning
Same Framework for every cities Planning that citizens could

Takes over 5 years to establish a plan

Easily Understand
Characteristics of “Seoul Plan 2030” 34

Planning Made by the Cooperation among diverse stakeholders

Procedure including the Citizens, Experts, and Administrations

Content Evolved as Strategic Planning centered on key issues

& Formality directly connected to the livelihood of the citizens

Planning Status of the Planning prioritized at the

Level highest-level with Enhanced Feasibility
Characteristics of “Seoul Plan 2030” 35

1
Previous Plan 2030 Seoul Plan

35
Characteristics of “Seoul Plan 2030” 36

2
Previous Formation 2030 Seoul Plan

Diagnose City Characters,

Current Status and Changes

VISION
Vision of Seoul

Reform
Spatial Structure Plans of Key Issues Welfare, Education,
Women, Industry, Jobs

Spatial Plan Shape Key Issues

through Spatial Plan
토지 재건축 교통 정보 산업 환경 공원 사회
생활권 주택 경관 방재
이용 재개발 물류 통신 경제 보전 녹지 개발
Implementation Plans

3
Characteristics of “Seoul Plan 2030” 37

3
Previous Formation 2030 Seoul Plan

Mayor Mayor

Planning & Coordination Planning & Coordination

경제 복지 도시 기후 문화 행정 교육 도시 도시 주택 푸른 소방 경제 복지 도시 기후 문화 행정 교육 도시 도시 주택 푸른 소방
진흥 건강 교통 환경 관광 재무 협력 계획 안전 정책 도시 재난 진흥 건강 교통 환경 관광 재무 협력 계획 안전 정책 도시 재난

Urban Planning Urban Planning

37
“Steering Committee” organized to establish Vision and Key Issues 38

Seoul Plan Citizen Participants

핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1
(분과MP) (분과MP) (분과MP) (분과MP)
(분과MP)
General Citizen Group :
(100 people) 전문가 6인
좌동 좌동 좌동 좌동
시민위원 6인
• Role 서울시 3~5인
(시의원 포함)
서울연구원2~4명
(20명 내외) (20명 내외) (20명 내외) (20명 내외)
(20명 내외)
Sectoral Citizen Group
(30 people)
• 분과MP 역할
• Role
[시민참여단] 각 분과별 첨예한 쟁점에 대해 재숙의 or 배심원으로 참여
1. Making “Citizen Participatory” Vision 39
“Steering Committee” organized to establish Vision and Key Issues 40

Seoul Plan Citizen Participants

핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1 핵심이슈1
(분과MP) (분과MP) (분과MP) (분과MP)
(분과MP)
General Citizen Group :
(100 people) 전문가 6인
시민위원 6인 좌동 좌동 좌동 좌동
• Role 서울시 3~5인
(시의원 포함)
서울연구원2~4명
(20명 내외) (20명 내외) (20명 내외) (20명 내외) (20명 내외)
Sectoral Citizen Group
(30 people)
• 분과MP 역할
• Role
[시민참여단] 각 분과별 첨예한 쟁점에 대해 재숙의 or 배심원으로 참여
2. Selecting Key Issues 41
2. Selecting Key Issues 42

“Pleasant City for Citizens

with Communication and Consideration”
 2. Selecting Key Issues : Issue 1 43

• Improve protection of rights for

• Provide ubiquitous healthcare
• Enhance social support to
with an efficient public welfare
guarantee stable life for the
and healthcare system.
elderly.
• Enhance preventive healthcare
• Expand opportunity for the
for each age group.
elderly to participate in society
• Prevent and control
and create a culture of unifying
environmental disease and
all age groups.
improve food safety.
• Provide education opportunities
the minority to eliminate
to all people. • Create a family·social culture of
discrimination.
• Establish an educational gender equality.
• Establish customized welfare
society to improve citizen • Establish the social
service by region.
capacity. environment for expanding
• Establish a voluntary welfare
• Restore the school’s function women’s economic participation
community through sharing and
for whole-person education. • Develop an environment that is
participation.
• Build a community of education safe from danger and violence.
• Create a society that respects
by utilizing regional resources.
the value of cultural diversity.

2013 2030 2013 2030

2013 2030
2.3 10 48% 100%
2013 2030 2013 2030
11% 35%
0.5개 1.2 35% 70%

Number of Leisure Facilities Number of Regional Public Guarantee Rate of Rate of Lifelong Rate of Dependency on
for the Elderly Health Facilities Minimum Income Standards Education Experience National and Public Nurseries
* Number of facilities for one thousand elders
2. Selecting Key Issues : Issue 2 44

• Improve the competitiveness of the industry of

growth engines through a strengthened • Expand the creative class by training creative
• Revitalize the social economy of coexistence and
foundation for creative economy. human resources.
cooperation.
• Promote creative small and medium-sized • Create a global environment where global human
• Support the growth of small businesses to enhance
venture enterprises. resources want to work.
their self-sufficiency
• Establish Seoul’s unique sustainable industrial • Establish a 21st-century-style city economy
• Expand independent job opportunities for the
ecology. environment by creating an integrated space for life-
vulnerable social group.
• Promote the innovation cluster and revitalize the job.
existing industrial agglomeration.

2030
2013 2030
2013 15% 2030
25% 33% 1.6% 2013 75%
65%

Proportion of Creative Class Proportion of Social Economic Jobs Employment Rate

44
 2. Selecting Key Issues : Issue 3 45

• Restoration of natural scenery

• Create a city space structure that
• Preservation and management of
emphasizes historical characteristics. • Establish a cultural environment for all
historical landscape
• Improve citizens’ accessibility to citizens to enjoy.
• Management of street and downtown
historical resources. • Develop regions specializing in culture
scenery
• Time and spatial expansion of • Establish a cultural ecological network.
• Landscape management carried out
historical resources
together with citizens

2013 2030 2013 2030 2013 2030

65 90 2.8 4.5 8Miilon 2Million

Cultural Environment Satisfaction Number of Cultural Infrastructures Number of Foreign Tourists

* Out of 100 Points (unit: Point) * Number of facilities per 100,000 population * Unit: People
45
2. Selecting Key Issues : Issue 4 46

• Focus on park infrastructure to create a

• Advanced system for obtaining and utilizing
park-oriented city.
• Advanced management system in risk information
• Improve the city’s climate control
preparation for the energy crisis • Promote higher speed and improved
capacity.
• Secure a low carbon energy capacity for early response.
• Preserve·restore ecology within the city
production·consumption system. • Expand safety governance for city life.
and expand its role in public benefit.
• Expand resource recycling. • Improve the capacity to prevent natural
• Create a pleasant environment for city
disasters and measure the environment.
life.

2013 2030
2% 30% 2030

2013 2030 - 20%

4.6% 0%
Proportion of Regions Excluded from Park Service Usage Rate of New Renewable Energy Rate of Decrease in Disaster Victims

46
 2. Selecting Key Issues : Issue 5 47

• Mixed land use around station areas for
increased job-house proximity
• Promote balanced development through
specialized growth for each region
• Revitalize regions through resident
participation-based urban regeneration.
• Restore the public transportation-centered city
• Expand affordable housing supply
and establish a complex integrated
• Expand the customized housing welfare
transportation system.
program.
• Reform roads and create an environment
• Establish residents’ community for enhanced
for safe walking and bicycling.
lifestyle.
• Reasonable management of car usage

2030
2013 2030 2013 2030
2013 90 70% 80% 5% 12%
71

Job-Housing Balance Indicator * (Minimum Value Per Area) Proportion of Green Transportation Proportion of Public Rental Housing

* (# of Employees/# of Households) × 100 (※ Average for Seoul = 126) 47

3. The “New Strategy” of Spatial Plan

Restructure - Improve Global Competitiveness

Spatial System - Promote the Metropolitan Innovation Cluster

Strengthen - Connection via public Transportation Networks

Public Transport System - Walkable City : safe, convenient, barrier free

Guideline - to achieve predictable and transparent manner

Urban Development - to allow the Implementation of Development
3-1. Multi-Core & Function based Structure

2020 Master Plan 2030 Seoul Plan

1 Main Center 3 Global Hub

5 Sub-Centers 7 Megaregion-Centers

11 Local-Centers 12 Local-Centers

53 District Centers Transfer to District

3-2. Multi-Core & Function based Structure
3-3. Guideline of Urban Development

Direction of spatial Development are presented

Specified
Function of City-Center & Down Town are given

Objective & objective indicators and criteria are suggested to aid

Transparent in the execution of projects in a fair & transparent manner

from Regulation to development-promoting guidelines

Support
Incentive to Density, Hight, Landuse, Finance etc.
3-4. Result : ‘Walkable City’ in Historical Core
 53

600년 고도의 숨결이 느껴지는 역사문화축 조성

• 북악산, 경복궁, 덕수궁, 숭례뮨을 중심으로 한 역사성 및 상징성 복원

• 시민이 누리는 행복한 문화공간
• 국가 상징가로 (경복궁~서울역)의 지속적인 보행녹도 조성 및 가로경관 개선
53
3-4. Result : predictable & transparent Global Core Kang-Nam
4. Establish 5 Regional Plan 56

•
NE Area ( , 청량리·왕십리등)
• ( ,성수준공업지역등)

• 지형및주거유형별특성을고려한주거지정비·관리
(고도지구등구릉지및수변주거지정비방안마련,
저층주거지및대규모아파트노후화에따른관리방안모색등)

• 철도중심의효율적대중교통체계구축
( )
• 지역여건을고려한친환경교통공간조성
주요과제 ( 등)
고용및중심기능취약│ • 풍부한자연자원,공원녹지연계체계구축
( ,
접근성취약및혼잡심화│ 동부간선도로상부공원화,중랑천생태문화공간화등)
• 생활권단위의문화복지시설확충
풍부한대학및자연자원
(공연장,체육시설,보육·청소년시설등)
•
(청년일자리창출,산학연계프로젝트,문화활동기회제공등)
•
( , 면목·장위·석관봉제,
성수·장안평자동차관련산업등)
Result 57
Participants of Seoul Plan 58
2040 SEOULPLAN
1
Innovation Participation Attention Diffusion
 2040
Seoul Plan

Regional
Plan

Urban
Management Plan
2
STATEGIC SECTORAL
PLAN PLAN
 Policies and
GOAL STRATEGY ACTION PLAN projects
from
departments

&

Sectoral Plan
 Guideline to
GOAL STRATEGY
implement the strategies
Linkage
 Realization into Spatial Plan
Establish Guidelines For
Urban Management Plan
3
 Diversify
Participation Collaborative
Scope Expend
Method Decision
• Thing about life in Seoul (working, playing, living, moving)
• Think about Seoul itself (Global city, Capital)
• Imagine life in Seoul in 2040 (working, playing, living, moving)

• Confirm and integrate Keywords for Vision

• Think about projects based on Vision
• Elect 2 representative for citizen planning group
2040 Seoul Plan VISION
 2040 VISION

Convenient and
Relaxed Life Community Vibrant Economy
Safe City
4
 Sustainable Pleasant City

Convenient and
Relaxed Life Community Vibrant Economy
Safe City
THANK YOU