Distillation Column

DMF - Water Fractionation Distillation

M.W. Of DMF, Heavier 73.09 gm/mol
M.W. Of Water, Lighter 18.02 gm/mol
Wt % M.W. M.R.
XD, Top DMF 2 73.09 0.03
Water 98 18.02 5.44
Total 5.47

Wt % M.W. M.R.
XW, Bottom DMF 99.5 73.09 1.36
Water 0.5 18.02 0.03
Total 1.39

Wt % M.W. M.R.
XF, Feed DMF 97 73.09 1.33
Water 3 18.02 0.17
Total 1.49

Antoine Co-Efficient Value

Water DMF
A 8.07131 7.24128 P=
B 1730.63 1597.92
C 233.426 213.457

Operating Pressure of Column, mmHg Abs 60

TEMP. PA, mmhg PB, mmhg XA Lighter = YA Lighter =

(P-Pb)/(Pa-Pb) (Pa/P)*Xa
79 340.39 59.91 0.000 0.002
78 326.73 57.38 0.010 0.053
77 313.54 54.94 0.020 0.102
76 300.80 52.59 0.030 0.150
75 288.50 50.32 0.041 0.195
74 276.62 48.14 0.052 0.239
73 265.17 46.03 0.064 0.282
72 254.11 44.01 0.076 0.322
71 243.45 42.06 0.089 0.361
70 233.17 40.18 0.103 0.399
69 223.26 38.38 0.117 0.435
68 213.71 36.64 0.132 0.470
67 204.51 34.97 0.148 0.503
66 195.65 33.37 0.164 0.535
65 187.12 31.83 0.181 0.566

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64 178.90 30.35 0.200 0.595
63 171.00 28.93 0.219 0.623
62 163.39 27.56 0.239 0.650
61 156.07 26.25 0.260 0.676
60 149.04 25.00 0.282 0.701
59 142.28 23.79 0.306 0.725
58 135.78 22.64 0.330 0.747
57 129.53 21.53 0.356 0.769
56 123.53 20.47 0.384 0.790
55 117.78 19.46 0.412 0.809
54 112.25 18.48 0.443 0.828
53 106.94 17.55 0.475 0.846
52 101.86 16.66 0.509 0.864
51 96.98 15.81 0.544 0.880
50 92.30 15.00 0.582 0.896
49 87.82 14.22 0.622 0.910
48 83.52 13.48 0.664 0.925
47 79.41 12.77 0.709 0.938
46 75.47 12.09 0.756 0.951
45 71.70 11.45 0.806 0.963
44 68.10 10.83 0.859 0.974
43 64.65 10.25 0.915 0.985
42 61.35 9.69 0.974 0.996
41.4 59.45 9.36 1.011 1.002

Average
Calculation of Reflux ratio , No. of stages & packing Height
Rm using Underwood 1.66
R= 2Rm 3.32
Operating Reflux Ratio 3.50
Feed is considered Partial Mixture of Vapour & Liquid
When Column is mounted directly on Kettle Feed is Partially Vapour Liquid Mixture due to reflux so q=0.6-
For Stripping like Steam Stripping Column where Steam inlet from bottom consider Feed as Vapour so q=0
For Overhead Partial Condenser Feed has to be consider more of vapour than liquid So q=0.3-0.4
q, Thermal cond. of Feed 0.7
Now go to Checalc Website & feed all data for generate XY Diagram to get Nos. Of Stages required
Structured Packing 7.5 L Random Packing
HETP 0.3 HETP 0.6
No of Stages 12.0 No of Stages 12.0
Height 3.6 m Height 7.2
30% Excess 4.7 m 30% Excess 9.4
Select Packing Height 5.0 m Select Packing Height 10.0

Thermal Condition of Feed

Feed Temperature 45 °C
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 Distillation Column
From VLE Data/ T-x-y Data Bubble point of Feed can be determined.
t=Bubble point temp. of Feed when X=Xf
t, Bubble Point Temp. 70 °C
λ, Water @ 77 °C 40668.48 Kj/ kmol 40668.48
λ, DMF @ 77 °C 42149.616 Kj/ kmol
Temp. For Avg. Specific Heat 57.5 °C
Cpw 26.6202 Kj/kmol °C
Cp DMF 141.2112 Kj/kmol °C
Avg. Latent Heat Feed 41984.52 Kj/ kmol
Mean Specific Heat 128.44 Kj/kmol °C
q, Thermal cond. of Feed 1.08
Equation of q line
q/q-1 14.075
Xf/q-1 1.457
y=10.846x-1.097
Value of y when X=Xf from VLE Data
y 0.0530
Put y=0.6042 in q-line equation to get x
x 0.1073
q line passes via (0.1061,0.0530)
Find intercept on y axis
xd/Rm+1 0.38
Rm 1.618
R= 2Rm 3.24
xd/R+1 0.2348
Draw line from xd keeping intercept 0.2348 on y axis till xw
Total nos. of Stages 7 From graph

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 Distillation Column

Mole %
0.005
0.995

Mole %
0.980
0.020

Mole %
0.889
0.111

10(A-B/C+T)

Relative Volatility =
Pa/Pb
5.682
5.694
5.707
5.720
5.733
5.747
5.760
5.774
5.789
5.803
5.818
5.833
5.848
5.863
5.879

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 Distillation Column
5.895
5.912
5.928
5.945
5.962
5.980
5.998
6.016
6.035
6.054
6.073
6.092
6.112
6.133
6.154
6.175
6.196
6.218
6.241
6.263
6.287
6.310
6.334
6.349

5.98

e due to reflux so q=0.6-0.7

r Feed as Vapour so q=0
d So q=0.3-0.4

t Nos. Of Stages required

m
m
m

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