V.D.

Taxiing___________________________________________________________________
References:
1. AC 60-14 (Aviation Instructor’s Handbook)
2. FAA-H-8083-3 (Airplane Flying Handbook)
3. FAA-S-8081-1 (Private Pilots Practical Test Standards) pg. 1-6
4. FAA-S-8081-2 (Commercial Pilots Practical Test Standards) pg. 1-15
5. POH (Pilot’s Operating Handbook)
6. FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual

Objective To develop the students understanding of Taxiing procedures.

Elements 1. Proper brake check and correct use of brakes

2. Compliance with airport surface marking, signals and clearances
3. How to control direction and speed
4. Control positioning for various wind conditions
5. Techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards

Schedule 1. Discuss Objectives 03

2. Review Material 02
3. Development 20
4. Conclusion 05

Equipment 1. White Board / Markers

2. Airplane Flying Handbook
3. Commercial PTS
4. Model Airplane

IP‘s Actions 1. Discuss lesson objectives

2. Present Lecture
3. Ask and Answer Questions

SP’s Actions 1. Participate in discussion

2. Take notes
3. Ask and respond to questions

Completion This lesson will be complete when the SP demonstrates an understanding of the elements related
Standards to Taxiing.

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Instructor’s Notes: Taxiing_______________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION:
WHAT? – Taxiing is the controlled movement of the airplane under its own power while on the ground.
WHY? – Knowledge of the correct procedures and safety precautions for taxiing is important for safe ground
operations.
OVERVIEW - This lesson will cover the basic elements pertaining to Taxiing, including:
1. Proper brake check and correct use of brakes
2. Compliance with airport surface marking, signals and clearances
3. How to control direction and speed
4. Control positioning for various wind conditions
5. Techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards

DEVELOPMENT:
HOW?
1.) Proper brake checks and correct use of brakes.
A.) "Taxi check"
1. Release parking brake
2. Both pilots should check brakes in turn:
a) PTS: perform a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving.
(1) Clear area
(2) Apply throttle
(3) Once plane begins to roll forward, pull throttle back to idle.
(4) Smoothly, firmly and evenly apply both brakes.
(5) Return throttle to 1000 rpm
3. Maintain the center line
a) slowly progress to ensure wingtip clearance
4. During turn from ramp to taxiway check:
a) Steering.
b) The dg should turn with the compass.
c) The turn coordinator - wings in direction of turn.
d) Inclinometer should deflect opposite turn
e) Attitude indicator should not bank more than 5 degrees.
5. Should taxi as if brakes are inoperable--using brakes is not normally necessary if taxiing at proper
speed.
a) Pts: control direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.
6. During movement, there is no need to apply breaks when throttle is open
a) Slow by closing the throttle, then use of breaks
7. When the aircraft is static, the RPMs should be a 1000 for proper cooling of the engine but not
always while taxiing
2.) Compliance with airport surface marking, signals and clearances.
A.) Information contained in radio communications and ATC light signals and airport and runway markings
and lighting.
B.) The same rules apply at all airports
1. Towered fields
2. Non-towered fields
3.) How to control direction and speed.
A.) May require more power to start the airplane moving, especially on soft field.
B.) Once aircraft begins rolling forward, reduce the throttle to avoid excessive taxi speed.
C.) The nose-wheel is attached to the rudder pedals by mechanical linkage.
1. Allows easier steering during ground operations.
D.) May need extra power to initiate turn. Power should be reduced once turn completed.
1. If need to tighten turn after full rudder deflection, may use inside brake.
E.) When the aircraft is stopped nose-wheel should be straight.
F.) Avoid very tight turns at high speed -- will put pressure on landing gear.
4.) Control positioning for various wind conditions.
A.) If wind is allowed to get under a wing, it can blow the airplane and even tip it over.
V.D. Taxiing
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 B.) Therefore, position controls appropriately .
1. General rule: climb into the wind, dive away from the wind.
C.) Watch for jet blast by keeping enough distance between small airplane and rear of jet.
5.) Techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards.
A.) Maintain awareness of other position and movement of other traffic in taxi path and traffic pattern.
B.) Look outside the plane while spending a minimum amount of time checking engine and flight
instruments.
C.) Monitors appropriate radio frequencies.
D.) Apply same right of way rules used in the air.
1. Head-on, both planes move right.
2. Yield to aircraft on right.
3. If in doubt, yield or stop.

COMMON ERRORS:
1. Improper use of brakes.
2. Improper positioning of the flight controls for various wind conditions.
3. Hazards of taxiing too fast.
4. Failure to comply with markings, signals, or clearances.

Completion Standards:
1. Lesson will be complete when the student has complete and safe understanding of taxiing.
2. Lesson will be complete when student is able to demonstrate safe taxiing techniques.

CONCLUSION

OVERVIEW
Discuss Elements, to include:
1. Proper brake check and correct use of brakes
2. Compliance with airport surface marking, signals and clearances
3. How to control direction and speed
4. Control positioning for various wind conditions
5. Techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards

PRIVATE PTS
Not Applicable

COMMERCIAL PTS
As Stated

COMPLETION STANDARDS:
Pilot has demonstrated knowledge of Taxiing through discussion with and oral quizzing from the CFI.

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