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Altanova Ebook How To Test A Power Transformer PDF
Altanova Ebook How To Test A Power Transformer PDF
1
The Altanova Guide about Onsite
Condition Assessment of
Power Transformer
2
Analysis of power transformer
failures
Windings and bushing failures If you manage to measure the
represent about the 50% of the overall parameters of bushings, OLTC+DTC
failures, while tanks and cooling system and winding, you have already 69% of
add an other 15% approximately. possible failure you can prevent.
Winding failures are basically due to the
lack of insulation inside the tank.
3
Possible power transformer
failures
4
3 ways of assessing the condition
of a power transformer
By standard tests
• Standardized test
• Easier to interpret
• Easier to sharing experience, share advice
• More experience and historical data to compare with
By continuous monitoring
• Reduction of the probability of unplanned outage
• Localization of the possible defect
• Trending of aging process can be recorded
• More refined test: interception of defect at the initial stage, and the possibility to
trend that values can give us idea on future maintenance
5
Standard
tests
6 No Load test
6
1. Turn Ratio test
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1. Turn Ratio test
The turn ratio is defined as the ratio Turn Ratio is the most basic aspect of
of the number of turns of wire in the our transformer, which actually tells us
primary winding (NP) to the number of how the transformer works.
turns of wire in the secondary winding
(NS).
Turn Ratio = NP / NS
8
1. Turn Ratio test
9
1. Purposes of Turn Ratio Test
• It identifies if there are any shorted turns and/or any open turns in HV winding
10
2. Winding Resistance Test
11
2. Winding Resistance Test
Vdc = I * R + (L di/dt)
12
2. Winding Resistance Test
Procedure
• For star connected winding, the resistance is measured
between the line and neutral terminal
• For star connected auto transformers, the resistance of
the HV side is measured between HV and LV terminal, then
between LV terminal neutral.
• If OLTC is present, resistance shall be taken at each Tap
continuously without discharging the transformer.
• If DETC is present, resistance shall be measured at each
tap and before changing the tap, transformer must be discharged.
• For delta connected windings, the resistance is measured between
pairs of line terminals
Test Requirement
• Stable DC current Source
• Voltmeter
• Algorithm for stable reading of the Resistance
• Discharging after Measurement
• Plot of Resistance with change in Tap
13
2. Winding Resistance Test
14
3. OLTC Dynamic Resistance test
Ripple and Slope
15
3. OLTC Dynamic Resistance test
Ripple and Slope
16
3. OLTC Dynamic Resistance test
Ripple and Slope
+
OLTC (diverter switch, tap selector switch, internal contacts)
Winding Resistance.
+
All internal contacts
+
Winding Resistance
17
4. Short Circuit Impedance Test
(% Impedance Test)
(Leakage Reactance Test)
18
4. Short Circuit Impedance Test
19
5. Frequency Response
to Stray Losses
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5. Frequency Response
to Stray Losses
Frequency Response to Stray Losses is basically the short
Circuit Impedance Test but done in different frequences.
Conclusion:
• FRSL Test Advance which provides more information than
short Circuit Impedance Test.
• Skin effect can be identified with the FRSL test
• Skin effect is normally not identified in other Routine Tests.
21
6. No Load Current Test
22
6. No Load Current Test
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7. Sweep Frequency Response
Analysis
What is SFRA?
One of the Reliable and sensitive Method to Evaluate the
mechanical and electrical deformation of the Transformer.
Test is performed to obtain the transfer function of the
transformer over wide range of frequency.
24
8. Tan Delta (DF, PF) test
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8. Tan Delta (DF, PF) test
Short description
What do we measure?
• The capacitance of the isolator.
• The tangens of the angle “delta” of the R-C network
By “delta” we mean the difference between 90 and the angle
we measure between x axis and the result current.
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8. Tan Delta (DF, PF) test
Tan Delta is the ratio of in-phase (resistive) current to the
90-degree (capacitive) current
IR
Tan Delta =
IC
Tan Delta is the Dissipation Factor
New DF <0.5% - -
28
Partial discharge
testing
29
Partial discharge
testing
Degradation markers
30
Partial discharge
testing
Quality Control
& installation
Sensors
PD commissioning Service
Commissioning solution.
Test
Portable PD instrument &
instruments
Permanent
Permanent PD sensor kit
Sensors
Complete distributed PD
Permanent monitoring system, 24/7
Monitoring automatic acquisition
& automatic alarms.
31
Partial discharge
testing
32
Partial discharge
testing
If we want to take care about constant random failures
Online along the life time of the asset, we can perform Partial
Discharge Online Spot test in order to have a quick
Spot Test screening of the asset. We can also install permanent
sensors that will make this spot test even faster. No big
investment is needed.
Software
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Global monitoring
system
34
GTMS: Global Transformer
Monitoring System
35
GTMS: Global Transformer
Monitoring System
36
GTMS: Global Transformer
Monitoring System
37
GTMS: Global Transformer
Monitoring System
38
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